US320315A - Machine - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 4 sheets-sheen .1.

T. A. WESTON.

HOISTING MACHINE. No. 320,315. Patented June 16, 1885.

N. PETERS. Phnwumcgmh". wn-mngm, D. c.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

, T. A. WESTON.

HOISTING MACHINE. No. 320,315. Patented June 16, 1885.

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l By /7/0'5 Attorneys- 0 N, PETERS, Pnowumgnpmr, wlmi nnnnnnn c (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3*. T. A. WESTON.

HOISTING MACHINE. No. 320,315. Patented June 16, 1885...

WITNESSES INVENTOR 17mm/fos Wson. w22 a.. M

By his ./lflforneys1 f, 7% ZW? WW (No Model.) 4 sheets-sheet 4. T. A. WESTON.

HOISTING MACHINE.

No. 320,315. Patented June 16, 1885.

Tkomaa )WJ/on,

By his .ltorney.s,

N. PETERS. mmumompw, wumngmn, 0. c.

WITNESSES I NiTaD STATES ATENT FFICE.

THOMAS A. VEST ON, OF STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE YALE & TOVNE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

MACHINE.

.SPECIFICATION forma" part of Letters Patent No. 320,315, dated June 16,1885.

Applicatiun tiled December '21, 1883. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, THOMAS A. XVESTON, of Stamford, in the county of Fairfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hoisting Mechanisms, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which-- Figure l is a l'ront elevation of a hoistingr; machine, parllyin section. Fig. 2 is an elevation of one end of the same, drawn to a larger scale,and showing a lever mechanism applied toit. Fig. 3 is a section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Figs. et and 5 are to illustrate the invention upon which my present invention is an improvement and to aid in giving an idea of my present invention. Fig. 6 is a view similar lo Fig. 2, differing, formally,in showing the stud and groove transposed. Fig. 7 is a 2o section on the line 7 7 of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a central longitudinal sect-ion of a simple winding-drum with my improvements applied to it. Figs. 9 and l0 are similar views showing slight, merely formal, modifications.

My present invention being mainly based upon the one for which a United States patent was issued to me December l-gt, 1869, No. 98,000, I will, in order that it may be better understood, first briefly describe the 1869 in- 3o vention illustrated by Figs. 4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings, which figures are taken from Figs. 3 and 4 of the patent drawings. That invention consists in providing the toothed driving-pinion of a hoisting-machine with a frictional device whereby the rotation ofthe shaft in one direct-ion effects the clutching of the pinion and its detached ratchetwheel frictionall y to the shaft for t-he purpose of hoisting. The contrary rotation of the shaft,

4o so long as it is maintained, effects the lowering of the load. At all times, whether in hoistn ing or lowering, if the handle be let go, or if the driving of the shaft suddenly cease, the load will not run away, because of the automatic self-arresting action of the frictional mechanism, the construction and operation of which I will now describe, as itis arranged according to the above-named patent.

ln Fig. 4, l is the driving-shaft of a hoist- 5o ing-crab or like machine,having securely fixed to it the incline-faced collar 2,and also the plain tlange or collar 3. Between them, and thereby confined longitudinally upon the shaft, are the loose ratchet-wheel 4 and the pinion 5. The ratchet-wheel has frictional contact on one side with the plain shaft-collar, on the other with the pinion side. The pinion has its boss or center next the incline-faced collar formed with an inclined face, as shown in Fig. 5, and the contiguous face ot' the incline-faced collar is correspondingly shapedthat is to say, having a helical orscrew-formed face curved spil-ally around the axial line of the shalt. The pinion-teeth engage with a main driving-wheel and drum for liftinga load in the usual manner. Such load tends 1o resist motion in the drum, spur-wheel, and engaged pinion 5, and to hold them at rest. Rotary motion for hoisting being applied to the shaft l in a direction to cars i the incline ofthe collar 2 to ascend theinclineof the pinion 5, the pinion is crowded or forced against the ratchet wheel and the ratchetwheel against the flange 3. iVhen all loose motion is taken up and the pinion 5 can yield no farther in a longitudinal direction, the collar 2 pushes before it in its rotation the pinion, and by friction upon its sides the ratchetwheel also. The severe end-thrusts ofthe inclines effectually imite by friction all the said parts, so that any load may bc thus lifted, the said frictional adhesion always increasing with the increasing weight of a heavier load. Upon ceasing to hoist the ratchet-wheel is checked from backward rotation by a pawl, and with it also the pinion and all connected parts, through the frictional hold of the pinion side, and also of the plain flange upon the ratchetwheel between them. Upon turning the shaft backward in a direction to release the inclines or unscrew them from each other, the frictional hold upon the now stationary ratchet-wheel is reduced or removed; but as this is done the pull of the load causes the pinion and its ineline to follow closely, and thus continually to restore the said frictional connection of the parts. The load may thus be lowered, as desired, by continuing the backward rotation of the shaft.

In my said invention of 1869 the inclineroo faced collar of the shaft prevented the pinion and gearing driven thereby from being closely placed to the hoist-frame, as is often desirable. rllhe inclines were not readily adjustable to each other as to the play or loose motion between them. The shaft, having to be turned backward when lowering, was incapable of having affixed to it permanently for ready use `a supplementary driver-such as a band-pul- .inclines upon a tubular sleeve or sleeves, as

and for the purposes hereinafter explained.

Referring to the letters on the accompanying drawings, A, Figs. I, 2, 3, 6, and 7, indicates the hoist-frame; B, the main spur-wheel with attached drum B'.

and D its shaft. E is a driving-wheel loose upon the shalt D, with crank-handle forhoisting` andlowering. F is a plain driving wheel and crank for hoisting only, and by preference replaced by the improved ratchet-lever (show n in Figs. -2, 3, 6, and 7) for heavy loads, rcquiring higher mechanical power than is furnished by the driver E or F. G may be a plain collar or lflange of the shaft; but preferably it is a brakebox containing the frictional disks of my Patent No. 75,227 of March 3, 1868, or any suitable friction-brake for simply augmenting the friction-al adhesion between the pinion C and the shaft. H is an internally-toothed ratchet-wheel lixed to the shaft D,and having a vertical bolt or pawl, I, sliding within a slot in the hoist-frame. The crank-wheel or driver E and the pinion C being loose upon the shaft, can rotate t-hereon freely between the screwnut D', collar or washer D?, and the disk-box G, the latter being fixed to the shalt. The driver E has its boss E provided with a helieal or inclined i'aee to act upon a corresponding incline, G2, formed by the end of the tube or sleeve G., which is an integral part of vthep'inion G. The said inclines act substantially with each other andmthe connected parts as explained in my aforesaid Patent No. 98,000 otl l869-that is to say, when the driver E is rotated in the direction of the arrow the inclines effect acoupling action or frictional engagement between the pinion C, collar or disk box G, and the .shaft for the duty of hoisting, and a contrary C is a loose pinion,

next in importance, I affix permanently to the shaft D, inlieu ot' the plain driver F, an improved ratchet-lever, K, Figs. 2, 3, 6, and 7, of a length or radius much greater than that of the crank-handle of the wheel E lto furnish a larger purchase for lifting the heaviest loads. As the shaft D has no backward motion, the long ratchetlever K K needs no disengagement therefrom, but remains at rest, held in any desired normal position by the coiled spring O, Figs. 2, 3, 6, and 7, always ready for instant use.

The advantages of giving to the inclines or helices the tubular or sleeve form of my present invention are various. Forexample,irst, the inclines are conveniently adjustable to each other by the screw-nut D,exterior to the frame and accessible; second, compactness is obtained by allowing the pinion C to be placed close to the hoist-frame, and convenience by allowing the ratchetwheel H to be at any de sired position along the shaft,preferably next to the hoist-traine, as shown; third, the absence of all backward motion of the shaft D permits the permanent attachment of a very long and powerful ratchet-lever or other dri ving device for lifting heavy loads; fourth, the tubular construction of the inclim s or helices permits the driver or part operating one ineline to be at any desired distance from the driven part carrying the other incline simply by an elongation of the tube or sleeve, enabling the said parts to be separated by a bearing, as in Fig. l, for the convenience ofplacing the driver E on one sideof theI said bearing or frame and the driven pinion C on the otherside, when required.

In place of an ordinary ratchet-wheel and pawl I employ the improved form shown in Figs. l, 2, 3, 6, and 7.v The pawl I cannot be accidentally thrown out; but it may be released, il' desired, by pushing upward its lower counter-weighted end, l', which should be of such weight as to insure a prompt falling action. The pawl I slides in a groove or vertical recess east for it in the frame. Its acting end and the ratchet-wheel teeth are securely covered within the wheel from dirt and. injury. l

The details of the ratchet teeth, pawls, springs, and other parts of the lever K K', Figs. 2, 3, 6 and 7, are substantially those of my United States Patent No. 212,336. In addition thereto the lever K has a stud,L, on it vibrating in a circular groove or slot, M, in the boss N of the hoistframe, lto limit its arc of motion as desired, and a coiled spring, O, to continually restore the lever to its normal position after use. The spring has its ends bent and entered into holes, one in the boss at I), the other in vthe lever at R. be en the boss vand the groove in the lever K, as shown in, Fig. 2, if desired. S is the fourtoothed ratchet-wheel of the lever K. It is fixed by the` screw S to the shaft D. The four teethof ratchet-wheel S engage, differentially,

rIhe stud may.

As the part of this my present invention 'v roo IIO

with the three sliding pawls T of the lever K, all constructed in accordance with the specification of my aforesaid Patent No. 212,336. The ratchet details or head of the lever K K may form the boss or center of a power-driven spurwheel, the lever part K' and spring O being omitted, this arrangement thus affording the means of using supplementary driving power without involving the necessity for disconnecting the said supplemental gear when it is desired to operate the shaft D by hand through the driver E. An ordinary ratchetwheel and pawl may be employed in place of the improved device K; but the latter I prefer for its compactness and efficiency. It is obvious that the ratchet device of the supplemental driver permits the latter to be at rest while the shaft is driven from the opposite end by the driver E, the ratchetpawls of lever K allowing the shaft to slip and turn in the direction ofthe arrow, Figs. l and 2.

The object of the screw-nut D' and collar DZ is to furnish a frictional abutment for the boss of the driver E. It is desirable that the said abutment have more frictional hold upon or adhesion to the boss of E than that subsisting between the two incline surfaces E Cito meet the case of the driving-power being exclusively applied at the other end of the shaftthat is to say, directly to the shaft D, by the driverF,or its lever substitute in Figs. 2 and 3, 6 and 7. In such case the coupling action ofthe inclines or their ascending movement upon each other can only occur by the frictional driving action of the collar Dl rotating with it the driver E and its incline E', the latter thus advancing upon the other incline of the pinion C until its resistance and the load be overcome through the resulting frictional connection of the pinion and shaft D,effected within the friction box G. In the machine shown in Fig. 1 this excess of friction at D' is obtained simply by excess of diameter in the.

collar D'l over the diameter oi the incline surfaces E G2; but it can be otherwise obtained or increased as, for example, by giving a cone form to the collar D`I and a corresponding conical recess to the contiguous face of the boss or wheel E; or, by adding to the said contiguous faces or parts frictional disks, as is done within the box G. The disk-box G may beaplain enlarged collar upon the shaft; but the additional area of friction due to the disks renders the backward or lowering motion of the machine easy, and reduces the strain and wear of the moving parts.

Although I have described my invention in its primary application to hoisting mechanism, it is obviously applicable also where the pinion G and wheel B are operative parts of other machines requiring like driving and lowering mechanism. For instance, the pi nion C may engage with the teeth of a rackbar-sueh as employed in baling-presses-to force up the platen of the press; or the pinion C may operate the gearing of a stumppuller, and in various similar situations the described driving and releasing or lowering motions of my inventions are usefully and generally applicable for applying multiplied mechanical force and safely withdrawing it.

It is essential to the operation of my safety frictional inclines that the driven incline be incapable of itself becoming the driver under the impulse of theload, and thus driving backward the other incline. In such ease the load would run down. This is prevented in my inventions by so constructing the parts that the oblique thrust of the incline longitudinal to the shaft always creates an excess of -retarding friction upon parts stationary in lowering--such as the ratchet-wheel and its attach ments. It is also desirable in some cases that the driven incline have some retarding friction, that it may not be pushed around the shaft without being simultaneously pushed endwise thereon, in order to frictional ly con ple the various parts of the device. Both of these desired results are rendered more certain by this feature of my present invention-viz., in giving to the said inclines a tubular sleeve form, as further illustrated by Figs. 8 and 9.

Fig. S is a plain winding-drum provided with my improvements. B the drum. D is the shaft. E is the driviug-wheel, having a sleeve with the incline at its end in contact with the corresponding incline of the drum. The drum and driver are both loose upon the shaft, and can turn freelythereon; but areconfined longitudinally between the 'fixed collar E: and the ratchet-wheel H, also fixed to the shaft. The latter has its face next the drum enlarged for frictional bfake action therewith. K X are ordinary bearings. A. pawl (not shown) arrests all backward motion in the ratchct-wheel H. The sleeve of the drivingwheel supported in the bearing X is pressed thereon by a full share of the incumbent weight of the shaft D and all carried by it, yielding a proportionate frictional resistance upon the bearing to the rotation thereon of the sleeve. rlhc said friction upon the exterior of the sleeve, together with the added friction of the shaft upon its interior, and that of the sleeve end or Youter boss of the driver E against the collar E, all unite in resisting the backward driving of the incline of the sleeve of the driving-wheel by the mere face friction thereon of the other incline of the drum from the pull of the load upon the drum. Any rotary motion, there` fore, on the drum-incline from the load simply advances it upon the retarded sleeve-incline, simultaneously thrusting the drum against the now stationary ratchet-wheel I-I, at once arresting its own motion by friction thereon. The friction upon all the parts named is ob viousl y constant, always increased proportionately to au increase of weight in the load. The automatic braking action of my before-named original patented invention is made still more certain and convenient by the sleeve construction of the inclines described.

Fig. 9 illustrates the application ofthe sleeve ICO to a driven incline forming a portion of asmall winch for oyster-dredging, and fully described in my Letters Patent of the United States, No. 217,031, July 1,1879. The shaft Dis the driver, I carrying fXed to it the incline collar a, and' also fixed to it the ratchet-Wheel H and friction-ange b. The drum B and incline collar d are detached from each other, and both are loose upon the shaft. The incline collar d has cast upon it a ratchet -wheel, H2, and also a sleeve, the latter embraced within and sustaining the adjacent end of the drum B. A common pawl (not shown) always checks any back motion in the ratchet-wheel H. Another pawl, (not shown.) capable of being readily thrown out of engagement, is provided for the ratchetwheel H2. The drum B is capable of a free running-away motion when the pawl of the ratchet-wheel H2 is thrown into engagement therewith to check its backward rotation along with the drum. The said rapid backward or lowering motion is effected by'turning back- Vward a little the shaft D, so as to withdraw its incline from the other incline, releasing the frictional coupling action of the inclines. The forward turning of the shaft at once retards or wholly arrests the said running-down movement of the drum by again advancing the ineline a upon the other incline of the collar d, held stationary by the'pawl of the ratchetwheel H2. The self arrested or safety-lowering action of the inolines is obtained in Fig. 9 when the pawl of the ratchetwheel H2 is thrown back out-of action and the shaft D .turned steadily backward. The ratchet-wheel H2 then moves with the drum by means of its frictional contact with the adjacent drum end, the same as if Xed thereto. The said frictional adhesion of the ratchet-wheel and incline to the drum is further insured by the sleeve forming part of the said ratchet-wheel, receiving the weight of the drum B', and sustaining it, as shown in Fig. 9. Vithout the said sleeve, however, any grooving of the shaft D by wear or corrosion at the part occupied by tli'e ratchet-wheel H2 might obstruct its free sliding motion up against the drum B,in which case the driving-incline a would push around before it on the shaft the said part without at' the same time pushing it along the shaft and against the drum B. Thus the inclines would simply rotate together, neither one-ascending the other, and the drum B would remain at rest unaffected by the turning of the shaft D and inclines. Such contingency I avert by the sleeve being always under the weight of the drum and load thereon. The retarding friction upon the sleeve insures its being held momentarily at rest, while the driven incline 'a ascends it, and thus effects the frictional connection of the moving parts, as described.

Fig. 10 illustrates the inclines, each formed upon a sleeve the parts of which meet midway on the bearing X2. Each part of the sleeve thus receives a share of the load upon the shaft and a due amount of retarding friction 'to insure the ascent of one incline upon the other, whichever may be rst moved. Thus the sudden driving ot' the wheel E, the drum B being unloaded, or the sudden yaddition of a load upon the drum, would alike carry one ofthe in.- clines upward upon the other and stationary one, and alike insure the automatic `brake action of my invention.

' What I claim," and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is*- l. In a hoisting-machine, one or more sleeves combined with and serving as a bearing fora shaft and provided with one or more frictional inclines, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with a shaft 'of a` hoisting-machine, of a loose sleeve and a loose driver, both of which are provided with helical inclines, substantially as described. 8. In a hoisting-machine, the combination 'of a main driving-shaft, a loose Wheel or pinion thereon provided with an elongated sleeve having a helical incline, a driver having a boss with a corresponding incline, whereby the driver and engaging frictional inclines can be placed outside of the supporting-frame of the machine, substantially as-described.

4. In a hoisting-machine, the combination of a main driving-shaft and two independent driving mechanisms constructed and arranged so that both or either will turn the shaft for hoisting, which shaft always remains stationary during the operation of lowering, substantially as described. l v

5. The combination of the shaft D, a retaining ratchet-wheel, and an operating ratchetlever provided With a spring, O, Vsubstantially as described. l 'I y 6. The combination of the shaft D with an internally-toothed ratchet-wheel, H, and eX- ternally counter-Weighted pawl I I', substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name this 22d day of November,

A. D. 1883. l e

THOS. A. WESTON. litnesses:`

MARCUS S. HOPKINS, LLOYD B. WIGHT.

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