US3218384A - Temperature-responsive transmission line conductor for de-icing - Google Patents

Temperature-responsive transmission line conductor for de-icing Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3218384A
US3218384A US183388A US18338862A US3218384A US 3218384 A US3218384 A US 3218384A US 183388 A US183388 A US 183388A US 18338862 A US18338862 A US 18338862A US 3218384 A US3218384 A US 3218384A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
conductor
transmission line
temperature
nickel
ice
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US183388A
Inventor
John L Shaw
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huntington Alloys Corp
Original Assignee
International Nickel Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Nickel Co Inc filed Critical International Nickel Co Inc
Priority to US183388A priority Critical patent/US3218384A/en
Priority to GB12371/63A priority patent/GB987812A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3218384A publication Critical patent/US3218384A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B5/02—Single bars, rods, wires, or strips
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G7/00—Overhead installations of electric lines or cables
    • H02G7/16—Devices for removing snow or ice from lines or cables

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to overhead electric transmission line conductors.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a unique process for maintaining overhead electric transmission line conductors substantially free of ice when freezing temperatures are encountered.
  • FIG. 1 is an illustration of an overhead electric trans mission line spanning a difficultly accessible area where icing conditions are encountered
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a conductor of the transmission line of FIG. 1.
  • the present invention contemplates a novel overhead electric transmission line conduct-or which, when carrying alternating electric current, is resistant to ice formation and/or ice accumulation there- 3,218,384 Patented Nov. 16, 1965 "ice on.
  • the overhead electric conductor comprises an electrically conductive material having a Curie temperature of about 32 F. to about F.
  • the electric transmission line conductor comprises material having a Curie temperature of about 32 F. to about 50 F., and, advantageously, about 35 F. to about 40 F., e.g., about 37 F.
  • Magnetic materials when carrying electric current exhibit greater line losses than do non-magnetic materials operating under substantially the same conditions, etc. It has been discovered that these line losses manifest themselves in the form of heat and this heat can be utilized to substantially inhibit the formation of ice on the electric conductor when electricity in the form of alternating current is passed therethrough.
  • the Curie temperature of the material should be at least about 32 F.
  • the temperature of the conductor exceeds the Curie temperature the material transforms into the non-magnetic state thus minimizing line losses whenever currents pass through the materials.
  • the electrically conductive materials of this invention having Curie temperatures as heretofore set forth include metals, alloys, dispersion-hardened metals and alloys, other metal-containing materials which are electrically conductive such as metal filled plastic and semiconductors, etc.
  • the conductive material is a nickel-containing alloy or an alloy having a major proportion of metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, iron, inckel and combinations thereof.
  • the alloys may contain up to 50% of copper, molybdenum, silicon, silver, platinum group metals, gold, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, manganese, beryllium, etc., and combinations thereof.
  • alloys substantial- 1y free of iron, nickel, cobalt and combinations thereof e.g., Heusler alloys, having Curie temperatures as hereinbefore set forth are also within the scope of the present invention.
  • Such alloys have useful electrical and/ or mag- 'netic properties and characteristics.
  • the material is a nickel-containing alloy having a nickel content of at least about 50% by weight of the alloy, e.g., an alloy containing about 35% to about 37% copper with the balance being essentially nickel.
  • Such a nickel-copper alloy has Curie temperatures ranging from about 32 F. at about 37% copper to about 50 F. at about 35% copper.
  • Such an alloy also has good strength and corrosion resistance even in marine atmospheres.
  • the electrically conductive materials of this invention are of a high purity since unwanted impurities cause the desirable magnetic and/or magnetic and electrical characteristics to deteriorate in many instances.
  • a high purity alloy such as one made by vacuum melting or by powder metallurgical techniques is advantageous since the substantially pure alloy shows a sharper rise in permeability as the temperature decreases than does a less pure alloy, e.g., an air-melted alloy.
  • a less pure alloy e.g., an air-melted alloy.
  • more energy is usually available in a high purity line conductor to resist the formation and/or accumulation of the ice thereon when the ambient temperature falls below the Curie temperature of the material.
  • less pure materials may be used provided they have Curie temperatures within the hereinbefore mentioned ranges.
  • the electric transmission line conductor comprises an electrically conductive material having, in addition to a Curie temperature as heretofore mentioned, an electrical conductivity of at least about 0.005 mho per centimeter (mho/ cm.) cube X at 32 F., and, advantageously, at least about 0.021 mho/cm. cube X 10 at 32 F., in order to insure that the material is as good a conductor as possible when the ambient temperature is above the Curie temperature of this material.
  • the eddy current losses substantially increase with the conductivity.
  • a material having the aforementioned conductivities exhibits greater line losses and these greater line losses are advantageous in substantially inhibiting ice formation when the ambient temperature is freezing.
  • materials having the foregoing characteristics are metals and alloys having a major proportion of metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, iron, nickel and combinations thereof.
  • these alloys may also contain up to 50% copper, molybdenum, silicon, silver, platinum group metals, gold,
  • the material is a nickel-containing alloy having a nickel content of at least about 50% by weight of the alloy.
  • a particularly advantageous alloy is an alloy containing about 35% to about 37%, e.g., 36% copper with the balance essentially nickel as this alloy has a conductivity of the order of about 0.021 mho/ cm. cube X 10 at 32 F.
  • FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings an illustrative embodiment of an overhead electric transmission line 11 is shown suspended from supporting towers 12 and spanning a difficulty accessible area (body of water 13).
  • Conductor 14 of transmission line 11 is depicted in cross section in FIG. 2 and is comprised to metal 15 having a Curie temperature of about 32 F. to about 50 F., e.g., an alloy containing about 36% copper with the balance essentially nickel.
  • Example 64 parts of carbonyl nickel powder are mixed with 36 parts of copper powder until the mixture is substantially homogeneous. The mixture is then sintered and there- :after compacted and drawn into 0.062" wire. The wire is thereafter tested and it is determined to have a Curie point of about 37 F. by measuring the permeability at :a series of temperatures using a permeameter. The con ⁇ ductivity was determined to be 0.021 moh/ cm. cube x 10 at 32 F. The wire is placed in an atmosphere having a temperature of about 30 F. and is connected to a generator so that about 5 amperes flow through the wire. Water is then sprayed upon the wire and observations are made to determine whether any ice is formed. No ice formation is observed. The temperature of the atmosphere is then lowered to about 20 F. and the aforementioned procedure is repeated. Again no ice formation is observed.
  • the present invention is particularly applicable to overhead electric transmission line conductors for use over difficulty accessible areas in which freezing temperatures and ice formation are encountered whether used as the conductor itself or clad on copper or other high conductivity alloy or whether it is to be used as the outer strand of a multiwire cable or any cable configuration.
  • the present invention can suitably be put to use where temperature drop to freezing and below particularly where minimum maintenance is a requirement.
  • the present invention is applicable to any electrical apparatus that may be subjected to ice formation on its conducting elements.
  • a temperature-responsive, de-icing electric transmission line conductor adapted for use in the overhead position and in difiiculty accessible areas where freezing temperatures are encountered comprising an alloy containing about 35% to 37% copper with the balance essentially nickel and having a Curie temperature of about 32 F. to about 50 F.; said conductor being characterized in unattended operation by exhibiting greater line losses manifested as heat when the conductor is below about 32 F. than when above about 50 F. when alternating current is passed therethrough, whereby formation of ice on said conductor is inhibited.
  • a temperature-responsive, de-icing electric transmission line conductor adapted for use in the overhead position and in difficulty accessible areas where freezing temperatures are encountered comprising a nickel-containing alloy having a Curie temperature of between about 32 F. to about 50 F. and having a conductivity of at least about 0.005 mho per centimeter cube X 10 at 32 F.; said conductor being characterized in unattended operation by exhibiting greater line losses manifested as heat when the conductor is below about 32 F. than when above about 50 F. when alternating current is passed therethrough, whereby formation of ice on said conductor is inhibited.
  • a temperature-responsive, de-icing electric transmission line conductor adapted for use in the overhead position and in difficulty accessible areas where freezing temperatures are encountered comprising an electrically conductive material having a Curie temperature of about 32 F. to about 50 F. and having a conductivity of at least about 0.005 mho per centimeter cube X 10 said conductor being characterized in unattended operation by exhibiting greater line losses manifested as heat when the conductor is below about 32 F. than when above about 50 F. when alternating current is passed therethr-ough, whereby formation of ice on said conductor is inhibited.
  • a process for inhibiting formation of ice upon an electric transmission line for transmitting alternating current in areas where freezing temperatures are encountered References Cited by the Examiner which comprises using in said transmission line a tem- UNITED STATES PATENTS perature-responsive, de-icin g electric transmission line conductor comprising a nickel-containing alloy characterized 2337556 12/1943 Hoskmg 174-102 b Curie tem erature of about 32 F.
  • con- 10 ductor is an alloy containing about 35% to about 37% JOHN BURNS Primary Exammer' copper with the balance being essentially nickel. JOHN P. WILDMAN, DARRELL L. CLAY, Examiners.

Description

J. L. SHAW Nov. 16, 1965 TEMPERATURE-RESPONSIVE TRANSMISSION LINE CONDUCTOR FOR DE-IOING- Filed March 29, 1962 Hem INVENTOR. L/CHN [,4 Mom 6644M BY QM i P /77'TOIP/YE) United States Patent 3,218,384 TEMPERATURE-RESPONSIVE TRANSMISSION LINE CONDUCTOR FOR DEB-ICING John L. Shaw, Huntington, W. Va., assignor to The International Nickel Company, Inc, New York, N.Y., a
corporation of Delaware Filed Mar. 29, 1962, Ser. No. 183,388 6 Claims. (Cl. 174-40) The present invention relates to overhead electric transmission line conductors.
It is well known that electric power companies have had, since the first power was transmitted on overhead lines, a very serious problem of destruction of these lines by the formation of ice on the conductors. For example, as stated on page 1356 of the Seventh Edition of the Standard Hankbook for Electrical Engineers, A. E. Knowlton Editor-in-Chief, McGraw Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1941, Abnormal vertical load is imposed when wires are coated with ice, which may be sufficient to increase their normal weight from 200% to 400%. Thus, to maintain service and avoid expensive repairs, it has been necessary to make the towers supporting the conductors far stronger than need be for ordinary stresses such as those created by wind loads. In addition, because the conductors presently in use are unable to support the added weight of the ice forming thereon, it has been the practice to insert steel wires in the conductors in order to provide further strength. Neither or both of these solutions is completely adequate. For example, both are quite expensive. Furthermore, the addition of steel wire inserts to the conductors decreases their conductivity. Thus, the art has been faced with a very difficul-t problem that even becomes more magnified where access to the transmission lines is very disadvantageous, as well as being difficult, e.g., where the lines span water. Although many attempts were made to overcome the foregoing difliculties and other disadvantages, none, as far as It is an object of the present invention to provide an I v overhead electric transmission line conductor which, in use, is substantially resistant to ice formation and/or ice accumulation.
Another object of the invention is to provide a unique process for maintaining overhead electric transmission line conductors substantially free of ice when freezing temperatures are encountered.
Other objects and advantages will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is an illustration of an overhead electric trans mission line spanning a difficultly accessible area where icing conditions are encountered; and
FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a conductor of the transmission line of FIG. 1.
Generally speaking, the present invention contemplates a novel overhead electric transmission line conduct-or which, when carrying alternating electric current, is resistant to ice formation and/or ice accumulation there- 3,218,384 Patented Nov. 16, 1965 "ice on. According to this invention, the overhead electric conductor comprises an electrically conductive material having a Curie temperature of about 32 F. to about F.
It is an important aspect of the present invention that the electric transmission line conductor comprises material having a Curie temperature of about 32 F. to about 50 F., and, advantageously, about 35 F. to about 40 F., e.g., about 37 F. Magnetic materials when carrying electric current exhibit greater line losses than do non-magnetic materials operating under substantially the same conditions, etc. It has been discovered that these line losses manifest themselves in the form of heat and this heat can be utilized to substantially inhibit the formation of ice on the electric conductor when electricity in the form of alternating current is passed therethrough. Thus, since ice generally forms at about 32 F. under normal conditions the Curie temperature of the material should be at least about 32 F. Moreover, when the temperature of the conductor exceeds the Curie temperature the material transforms into the non-magnetic state thus minimizing line losses whenever currents pass through the materials.
The electrically conductive materials of this invention having Curie temperatures as heretofore set forth include metals, alloys, dispersion-hardened metals and alloys, other metal-containing materials which are electrically conductive such as metal filled plastic and semiconductors, etc. Advantageously, the conductive material is a nickel-containing alloy or an alloy having a major proportion of metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, iron, inckel and combinations thereof. In addition, the alloys may contain up to 50% of copper, molybdenum, silicon, silver, platinum group metals, gold, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, manganese, beryllium, etc., and combinations thereof. In addition, alloys substantial- 1y free of iron, nickel, cobalt and combinations thereof, e.g., Heusler alloys, having Curie temperatures as hereinbefore set forth are also within the scope of the present invention. Such alloys have useful electrical and/ or mag- 'netic properties and characteristics. More advantageously, the material is a nickel-containing alloy having a nickel content of at least about 50% by weight of the alloy, e.g., an alloy containing about 35% to about 37% copper with the balance being essentially nickel. Such a nickel-copper alloy has Curie temperatures ranging from about 32 F. at about 37% copper to about 50 F. at about 35% copper. Such an alloy also has good strength and corrosion resistance even in marine atmospheres.
Among the materials having the characteristics and/ or properties hereinbefiore mentioned are those set forth in the table, although there are other materials having such characteristics, etc., as those skilled in the art will readily understand and appreciate.
TABLE Nominal composition, Curie temperature, percent by weight: F.
36% copper, balance nickel 37 10% molybdenum, balance nickel 37 4.5% silicon, balance nickel 37 30% nickel, balance iron 37 40% nickel, 15% chromium, balance iron 37 Small additions of ingredients to the materials of this invention such as are used as deoxidants, malleabilizers, etc., will, of course, shift the Curie temperature somewhat at those skilled in the art will readily understand. Advantageously, the electrically conductive materials of this invention are of a high purity since unwanted impurities cause the desirable magnetic and/or magnetic and electrical characteristics to deteriorate in many instances. For example, a high purity alloy such as one made by vacuum melting or by powder metallurgical techniques is advantageous since the substantially pure alloy shows a sharper rise in permeability as the temperature decreases than does a less pure alloy, e.g., an air-melted alloy. Thus, more energy is usually available in a high purity line conductor to resist the formation and/or accumulation of the ice thereon when the ambient temperature falls below the Curie temperature of the material. However, less pure materials may be used provided they have Curie temperatures within the hereinbefore mentioned ranges.
In carrying the invention into practice, it is advantageous that the electric transmission line conductor comprises an electrically conductive material having, in addition to a Curie temperature as heretofore mentioned, an electrical conductivity of at least about 0.005 mho per centimeter (mho/ cm.) cube X at 32 F., and, advantageously, at least about 0.021 mho/cm. cube X 10 at 32 F., in order to insure that the material is as good a conductor as possible when the ambient temperature is above the Curie temperature of this material. In addition, at temperatures below the Curie temperature, when the material is magnetic and when it is carrying alternating current, the eddy current losses substantially increase with the conductivity. Thus, a material having the aforementioned conductivities exhibits greater line losses and these greater line losses are advantageous in substantially inhibiting ice formation when the ambient temperature is freezing. Among the materials having the foregoing characteristics are metals and alloys having a major proportion of metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, iron, nickel and combinations thereof. In addition, these alloys may also contain up to 50% copper, molybdenum, silicon, silver, platinum group metals, gold,
zinc, aluminum, magnesium, manganese, beryllium, etc.,
and combinations thereof, Heusler alloys, etc. Advantageously, the material is a nickel-containing alloy having a nickel content of at least about 50% by weight of the alloy. For example, a particularly advantageous alloy is an alloy containing about 35% to about 37%, e.g., 36% copper with the balance essentially nickel as this alloy has a conductivity of the order of about 0.021 mho/ cm. cube X 10 at 32 F.
In FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings, an illustrative embodiment of an overhead electric transmission line 11 is shown suspended from supporting towers 12 and spanning a difficulty accessible area (body of water 13). Conductor 14 of transmission line 11 is depicted in cross section in FIG. 2 and is comprised to metal 15 having a Curie temperature of about 32 F. to about 50 F., e.g., an alloy containing about 36% copper with the balance essentially nickel.
For the purpose of giving those skilled in the art a better understanding of the invention and a better appreciation of the invention, the following illustrative example is given:
Example 64 parts of carbonyl nickel powder are mixed with 36 parts of copper powder until the mixture is substantially homogeneous. The mixture is then sintered and there- :after compacted and drawn into 0.062" wire. The wire is thereafter tested and it is determined to have a Curie point of about 37 F. by measuring the permeability at :a series of temperatures using a permeameter. The con \ductivity was determined to be 0.021 moh/ cm. cube x 10 at 32 F. The wire is placed in an atmosphere having a temperature of about 30 F. and is connected to a generator so that about 5 amperes flow through the wire. Water is then sprayed upon the wire and observations are made to determine whether any ice is formed. No ice formation is observed. The temperature of the atmosphere is then lowered to about 20 F. and the aforementioned procedure is repeated. Again no ice formation is observed.
The present invention is particularly applicable to overhead electric transmission line conductors for use over difficulty accessible areas in which freezing temperatures and ice formation are encountered whether used as the conductor itself or clad on copper or other high conductivity alloy or whether it is to be used as the outer strand of a multiwire cable or any cable configuration. In addition, the present invention can suitably be put to use where temperature drop to freezing and below particularly where minimum maintenance is a requirement. Furthermore, the present invention is applicable to any electrical apparatus that may be subjected to ice formation on its conducting elements.
Although the present invention has been described in conjunction with preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that modifications and variations may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, as those skilled in the art will readily understand. Such modifications and variations are considered to be within the purview and scope of the invention and the appended claims.
I claim:
1. A temperature-responsive, de-icing electric transmission line conductor adapted for use in the overhead position and in difiiculty accessible areas where freezing temperatures are encountered comprising an alloy containing about 35% to 37% copper with the balance essentially nickel and having a Curie temperature of about 32 F. to about 50 F.; said conductor being characterized in unattended operation by exhibiting greater line losses manifested as heat when the conductor is below about 32 F. than when above about 50 F. when alternating current is passed therethrough, whereby formation of ice on said conductor is inhibited.
2. A temperature-responsive, de-icing electric transmission line conductor adapted for use in the overhead position and in difficulty accessible areas where freezing temperatures are encountered comprising a nickel-containing alloy having a Curie temperature of between about 32 F. to about 50 F. and having a conductivity of at least about 0.005 mho per centimeter cube X 10 at 32 F.; said conductor being characterized in unattended operation by exhibiting greater line losses manifested as heat when the conductor is below about 32 F. than when above about 50 F. when alternating current is passed therethrough, whereby formation of ice on said conductor is inhibited.
3. A temperature-responsive, de-icing electric transmission line conductor adapted for use in the overhead position and in difficulty accessible areas where freezing temperatures are encountered comprising an electrically conductive material having a Curie temperature of about 32 F. to about 50 F. and having a conductivity of at least about 0.005 mho per centimeter cube X 10 said conductor being characterized in unattended operation by exhibiting greater line losses manifested as heat when the conductor is below about 32 F. than when above about 50 F. when alternating current is passed therethr-ough, whereby formation of ice on said conductor is inhibited.
4. A temperature-responsive, de-icing electric transmission line conductor as set forth in claim 3 wherein the electrically conductive material has a Curie temperature of about 35 F. to about 40 F.
5. A process for inhibiting formation of ice upon an electric transmission line for transmitting alternating current in areas where freezing temperatures are encountered References Cited by the Examiner which comprises using in said transmission line a tem- UNITED STATES PATENTS perature-responsive, de-icin g electric transmission line conductor comprising a nickel-containing alloy characterized 2337556 12/1943 Hoskmg 174-102 b Curie tem erature of about 32 F. t about 50 F 2739256 3/1956 BIS-6y 75*159 X Y a P 5 2 797 344 6/1957 Peirce 307 147 by passing alternatlng current therethroug-h, thereby 2870311 1/1959 Greenfield et a1 X developing greater line losses manifested as heat when said conductor is below about 32 Fl than when above OTHER REFERENCES about 50 F. Metals Handbook, 1948 edition, page 1198.
6. A process as set forth in claim 5 wherein the con- 10 ductor is an alloy containing about 35% to about 37% JOHN BURNS Primary Exammer' copper with the balance being essentially nickel. JOHN P. WILDMAN, DARRELL L. CLAY, Examiners.

Claims (1)

  1. 3. A TEMPERATURE-RESPONSIVE, DE-ICING ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION LINE CONDUCTOR ADAPTED FOR USE IN THE OVERHEAD POSITION AND IN DIFFICULTY ACCESSIBLE AREAS WHERE FREEZING TEMPERATURES ARE ENCOUNTERED COMPRISING ANELECTRICALY CONDUCTIVE MATERIAL HAVING A CURIE TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT 32*F. TO ABOUT 50*F. AND HAVING A CONDUCTIVITY OF AT LEAST ABOUT 0.005 MHO PER CENTIMETER CUBE X 10**6, SAID CONDUCTOR BEING CHARACTERIZED IN UNATTENDED OPERATION BY EXHIBITING GREATER LINE LOSSES MANIFESTED AS HEAT WHEN THE CONDUCTOR IS BELOW ABOUT 32*F. THAN WHEN ABOVE ABOUT
US183388A 1962-03-29 1962-03-29 Temperature-responsive transmission line conductor for de-icing Expired - Lifetime US3218384A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US183388A US3218384A (en) 1962-03-29 1962-03-29 Temperature-responsive transmission line conductor for de-icing
GB12371/63A GB987812A (en) 1962-03-29 1963-03-28 Improvements relating to electrical conductors

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US183388A US3218384A (en) 1962-03-29 1962-03-29 Temperature-responsive transmission line conductor for de-icing

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3218384A true US3218384A (en) 1965-11-16

Family

ID=22672593

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US183388A Expired - Lifetime US3218384A (en) 1962-03-29 1962-03-29 Temperature-responsive transmission line conductor for de-icing

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US3218384A (en)
GB (1) GB987812A (en)

Cited By (194)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3296364A (en) * 1964-06-08 1967-01-03 Int Nickel Co Transmission lines with a nickel-molybdenum-iron alloy sheath for de-icing
US3316344A (en) * 1965-04-26 1967-04-25 Central Electr Generat Board Prevention of icing of electrical conductors
US3316345A (en) * 1965-04-26 1967-04-25 Central Electr Generat Board Prevention of icing of electrical conductors
US3557341A (en) * 1968-08-09 1971-01-19 Vero Zap Otdel Vg Proektino Iz Apparatus for protecting ac switches and electrical equipment against low temperatures and icing
US4256945A (en) * 1979-08-31 1981-03-17 Iris Associates Alternating current electrically resistive heating element having intrinsic temperature control
WO1982003148A1 (en) * 1981-03-02 1982-09-16 Ass Iris Electrically resistive heating element having temperature control
WO1982003305A1 (en) * 1981-03-16 1982-09-30 Ass Iris Shielded heating element having intrinsic temperature control
WO1985000263A1 (en) * 1983-06-27 1985-01-17 Metcal, Inc. Flexible autoregulating heater with a latching mechanism
US4525432A (en) * 1982-06-21 1985-06-25 Fujikura Ltd. Magnetic material wire
US4623401A (en) * 1984-03-06 1986-11-18 Metcal, Inc. Heat treatment with an autoregulating heater
US4659912A (en) * 1984-06-21 1987-04-21 Metcal, Inc. Thin, flexible, autoregulating strap heater
US4665309A (en) * 1984-10-05 1987-05-12 Metcal, Inc. Self heating gasket for hermetically sealing a lid to a box
US4695713A (en) * 1982-09-30 1987-09-22 Metcal, Inc. Autoregulating, electrically shielded heater
US4745264A (en) * 1984-03-06 1988-05-17 Metcal, Inc. High efficiency autoregulating heater
EP0110692B1 (en) * 1982-12-01 1988-06-01 Metcal Inc. Autoregulating electric heater
US4769519A (en) * 1985-06-28 1988-09-06 Metcal, Inc. Ferromagnetic element with temperature regulation
EP0107927B1 (en) * 1982-09-30 1988-12-07 Metcal Inc. Autoregulating electrically shielded heater
US4794226A (en) * 1983-05-26 1988-12-27 Metcal, Inc. Self-regulating porous heater device
US4795870A (en) * 1985-06-18 1989-01-03 Metcal, Inc. Conductive member having integrated self-regulating heaters
US4849611A (en) * 1985-12-16 1989-07-18 Raychem Corporation Self-regulating heater employing reactive components
US4914267A (en) * 1982-12-01 1990-04-03 Metcal, Inc. Connector containing fusible material and having intrinsic temperature control
USRE33644E (en) * 1985-06-28 1991-07-23 Metcal, Inc. Ferromagnetic element with temperature regulation
US5073625A (en) * 1983-05-26 1991-12-17 Metcal, Inc. Self-regulating porous heating device
US5189271A (en) * 1982-12-01 1993-02-23 Metcal, Inc. Temperature self-regulating induction apparatus
US5329085A (en) * 1992-08-05 1994-07-12 Metcal, Inc. Temperature self regulating heaters and soldering irons
US5352871A (en) * 1991-02-20 1994-10-04 Metcal Inc System and method for joining plastic materials
US5480398A (en) * 1992-05-01 1996-01-02 Hemostatic Surgery Corporation Endoscopic instrument with disposable auto-regulating heater
US5480397A (en) * 1992-05-01 1996-01-02 Hemostatic Surgery Corporation Surgical instrument with auto-regulating heater and method of using same
US5593406A (en) * 1992-05-01 1997-01-14 Hemostatic Surgery Corporation Endoscopic instrument with auto-regulating heater and method of using same
US5611798A (en) * 1995-03-02 1997-03-18 Eggers; Philip E. Resistively heated cutting and coagulating surgical instrument
US20040159453A1 (en) * 2002-10-09 2004-08-19 Manucheher Shirmohamadi De-icer for suspended overhead lines
US9209902B2 (en) 2013-12-10 2015-12-08 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Quasi-optical coupler
US9312919B1 (en) 2014-10-21 2016-04-12 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Transmission device with impairment compensation and methods for use therewith
US9461706B1 (en) 2015-07-31 2016-10-04 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Method and apparatus for exchanging communication signals
US9467870B2 (en) 2013-11-06 2016-10-11 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Surface-wave communications and methods thereof
US9490869B1 (en) 2015-05-14 2016-11-08 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission medium having multiple cores and methods for use therewith
US9503189B2 (en) 2014-10-10 2016-11-22 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for arranging communication sessions in a communication system
US9509415B1 (en) 2015-06-25 2016-11-29 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Methods and apparatus for inducing a fundamental wave mode on a transmission medium
US9520945B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2016-12-13 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus for providing communication services and methods thereof
US9525210B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2016-12-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Guided-wave transmission device with non-fundamental mode propagation and methods for use therewith
US9525524B2 (en) 2013-05-31 2016-12-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Remote distributed antenna system
US9531427B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2016-12-27 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission device with mode division multiplexing and methods for use therewith
US9564947B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2017-02-07 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Guided-wave transmission device with diversity and methods for use therewith
US9577307B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2017-02-21 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Guided-wave transmission device and methods for use therewith
US9608740B2 (en) 2015-07-15 2017-03-28 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for launching a wave mode that mitigates interference
US9608692B2 (en) 2015-06-11 2017-03-28 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Repeater and methods for use therewith
US9615269B2 (en) 2014-10-02 2017-04-04 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus that provides fault tolerance in a communication network
US9628116B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2017-04-18 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for transmitting wireless signals
US9628854B2 (en) 2014-09-29 2017-04-18 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for distributing content in a communication network
US9640850B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2017-05-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Methods and apparatus for inducing a non-fundamental wave mode on a transmission medium
US9654173B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2017-05-16 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus for powering a communication device and methods thereof
US9653770B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2017-05-16 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Guided wave coupler, coupling module and methods for use therewith
US9667317B2 (en) 2015-06-15 2017-05-30 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for providing security using network traffic adjustments
US9680670B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2017-06-13 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission device with channel equalization and control and methods for use therewith
US9685992B2 (en) 2014-10-03 2017-06-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Circuit panel network and methods thereof
WO2017100851A1 (en) * 2015-12-16 2017-06-22 Newsouth Innovations Pty Limited Climate responsive transmission lines
US9692101B2 (en) 2014-08-26 2017-06-27 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Guided wave couplers for coupling electromagnetic waves between a waveguide surface and a surface of a wire
US9699785B2 (en) 2012-12-05 2017-07-04 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Backhaul link for distributed antenna system
US9705571B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2017-07-11 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for use with a radio distributed antenna system
US9705561B2 (en) 2015-04-24 2017-07-11 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Directional coupling device and methods for use therewith
US9722318B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2017-08-01 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for coupling an antenna to a device
US9729197B2 (en) 2015-10-01 2017-08-08 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for communicating network management traffic over a network
US9735833B2 (en) 2015-07-31 2017-08-15 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for communications management in a neighborhood network
US9742462B2 (en) 2014-12-04 2017-08-22 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission medium and communication interfaces and methods for use therewith
US9749053B2 (en) 2015-07-23 2017-08-29 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Node device, repeater and methods for use therewith
US9749013B2 (en) 2015-03-17 2017-08-29 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for reducing attenuation of electromagnetic waves guided by a transmission medium
US9748626B2 (en) 2015-05-14 2017-08-29 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Plurality of cables having different cross-sectional shapes which are bundled together to form a transmission medium
US9755697B2 (en) 2014-09-15 2017-09-05 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for sensing a condition in a transmission medium of electromagnetic waves
US9762289B2 (en) 2014-10-14 2017-09-12 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for transmitting or receiving signals in a transportation system
US9769020B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2017-09-19 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for responding to events affecting communications in a communication network
US9769128B2 (en) 2015-09-28 2017-09-19 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for encryption of communications over a network
US9780834B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2017-10-03 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for transmitting electromagnetic waves
US9793951B2 (en) 2015-07-15 2017-10-17 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for launching a wave mode that mitigates interference
US9793955B2 (en) 2015-04-24 2017-10-17 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Passive electrical coupling device and methods for use therewith
US9793954B2 (en) 2015-04-28 2017-10-17 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Magnetic coupling device and methods for use therewith
US9800327B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2017-10-24 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus for controlling operations of a communication device and methods thereof
US9820146B2 (en) 2015-06-12 2017-11-14 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for authentication and identity management of communicating devices
US9836957B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2017-12-05 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for communicating with premises equipment
US9838896B1 (en) 2016-12-09 2017-12-05 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for assessing network coverage
US9847850B2 (en) 2014-10-14 2017-12-19 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for adjusting a mode of communication in a communication network
US9847566B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2017-12-19 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for adjusting a field of a signal to mitigate interference
US9853342B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2017-12-26 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Dielectric transmission medium connector and methods for use therewith
US9860075B1 (en) 2016-08-26 2018-01-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and communication node for broadband distribution
US9865911B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2018-01-09 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Waveguide system for slot radiating first electromagnetic waves that are combined into a non-fundamental wave mode second electromagnetic wave on a transmission medium
US9866309B2 (en) 2015-06-03 2018-01-09 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Host node device and methods for use therewith
US9871282B2 (en) 2015-05-14 2018-01-16 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. At least one transmission medium having a dielectric surface that is covered at least in part by a second dielectric
US9871283B2 (en) 2015-07-23 2018-01-16 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Transmission medium having a dielectric core comprised of plural members connected by a ball and socket configuration
US9876570B2 (en) 2015-02-20 2018-01-23 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Guided-wave transmission device with non-fundamental mode propagation and methods for use therewith
US9876605B1 (en) 2016-10-21 2018-01-23 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Launcher and coupling system to support desired guided wave mode
US9876264B2 (en) 2015-10-02 2018-01-23 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Communication system, guided wave switch and methods for use therewith
US9882257B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2018-01-30 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for launching a wave mode that mitigates interference
US9882277B2 (en) 2015-10-02 2018-01-30 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Communication device and antenna assembly with actuated gimbal mount
US9893795B1 (en) 2016-12-07 2018-02-13 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Method and repeater for broadband distribution
US9906269B2 (en) 2014-09-17 2018-02-27 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Monitoring and mitigating conditions in a communication network
US9904535B2 (en) 2015-09-14 2018-02-27 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for distributing software
US9912381B2 (en) 2015-06-03 2018-03-06 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Network termination and methods for use therewith
US9912419B1 (en) 2016-08-24 2018-03-06 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for managing a fault in a distributed antenna system
US9911020B1 (en) 2016-12-08 2018-03-06 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for tracking via a radio frequency identification device
US9913139B2 (en) 2015-06-09 2018-03-06 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Signal fingerprinting for authentication of communicating devices
US9912027B2 (en) 2015-07-23 2018-03-06 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for exchanging communication signals
US9917341B2 (en) 2015-05-27 2018-03-13 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and method for launching electromagnetic waves and for modifying radial dimensions of the propagating electromagnetic waves
US9927517B1 (en) 2016-12-06 2018-03-27 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for sensing rainfall
US9948333B2 (en) 2015-07-23 2018-04-17 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for wireless communications to mitigate interference
US9948354B2 (en) 2015-04-28 2018-04-17 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Magnetic coupling device with reflective plate and methods for use therewith
US9954287B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2018-04-24 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus for converting wireless signals and electromagnetic waves and methods thereof
US9967173B2 (en) 2015-07-31 2018-05-08 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for authentication and identity management of communicating devices
US9973940B1 (en) 2017-02-27 2018-05-15 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for dynamic impedance matching of a guided wave launcher
US9991580B2 (en) 2016-10-21 2018-06-05 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Launcher and coupling system for guided wave mode cancellation
US9999038B2 (en) 2013-05-31 2018-06-12 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Remote distributed antenna system
US9998870B1 (en) 2016-12-08 2018-06-12 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for proximity sensing
US9997819B2 (en) 2015-06-09 2018-06-12 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission medium and method for facilitating propagation of electromagnetic waves via a core
US10009067B2 (en) 2014-12-04 2018-06-26 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for configuring a communication interface
US10009901B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2018-06-26 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method, apparatus, and computer-readable storage medium for managing utilization of wireless resources between base stations
US10009065B2 (en) 2012-12-05 2018-06-26 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Backhaul link for distributed antenna system
US10009063B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2018-06-26 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for use with a radio distributed antenna system having an out-of-band reference signal
US10020844B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2018-07-10 T&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for broadcast communication via guided waves
US10020587B2 (en) 2015-07-31 2018-07-10 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Radial antenna and methods for use therewith
US10027397B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2018-07-17 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Distributed antenna system and methods for use therewith
US10033107B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2018-07-24 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for coupling an antenna to a device
US10033108B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2018-07-24 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for generating an electromagnetic wave having a wave mode that mitigates interference
US10044409B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2018-08-07 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission medium and methods for use therewith
US10051629B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2018-08-14 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for use with a radio distributed antenna system having an in-band reference signal
US10051483B2 (en) 2015-10-16 2018-08-14 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for directing wireless signals
US10069535B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2018-09-04 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for launching electromagnetic waves having a certain electric field structure
US10074890B2 (en) 2015-10-02 2018-09-11 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Communication device and antenna with integrated light assembly
US10079661B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2018-09-18 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for use with a radio distributed antenna system having a clock reference
US10090594B2 (en) 2016-11-23 2018-10-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Antenna system having structural configurations for assembly
US10090606B2 (en) 2015-07-15 2018-10-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Antenna system with dielectric array and methods for use therewith
US10103801B2 (en) 2015-06-03 2018-10-16 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Host node device and methods for use therewith
US10103422B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2018-10-16 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for mounting network devices
US10136434B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2018-11-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for use with a radio distributed antenna system having an ultra-wideband control channel
US10135147B2 (en) 2016-10-18 2018-11-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for launching guided waves via an antenna
US10135145B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2018-11-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for generating an electromagnetic wave along a transmission medium
US10135146B2 (en) 2016-10-18 2018-11-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for launching guided waves via circuits
US10139820B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2018-11-27 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for deploying equipment of a communication system
US10142086B2 (en) 2015-06-11 2018-11-27 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Repeater and methods for use therewith
US10148016B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2018-12-04 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for communicating utilizing an antenna array
US10144036B2 (en) 2015-01-30 2018-12-04 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for mitigating interference affecting a propagation of electromagnetic waves guided by a transmission medium
US10154493B2 (en) 2015-06-03 2018-12-11 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Network termination and methods for use therewith
US10170840B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2019-01-01 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for sending or receiving electromagnetic signals
US10168695B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2019-01-01 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for controlling an unmanned aircraft
US10178445B2 (en) 2016-11-23 2019-01-08 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Methods, devices, and systems for load balancing between a plurality of waveguides
US10205655B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2019-02-12 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for communicating utilizing an antenna array and multiple communication paths
US10224634B2 (en) 2016-11-03 2019-03-05 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Methods and apparatus for adjusting an operational characteristic of an antenna
US10225025B2 (en) 2016-11-03 2019-03-05 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for detecting a fault in a communication system
US10243784B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2019-03-26 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. System for generating topology information and methods thereof
US10243270B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2019-03-26 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Beam adaptive multi-feed dielectric antenna system and methods for use therewith
US10264586B2 (en) 2016-12-09 2019-04-16 At&T Mobility Ii Llc Cloud-based packet controller and methods for use therewith
US10291311B2 (en) 2016-09-09 2019-05-14 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for mitigating a fault in a distributed antenna system
US10291334B2 (en) 2016-11-03 2019-05-14 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. System for detecting a fault in a communication system
US10298293B2 (en) 2017-03-13 2019-05-21 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus of communication utilizing wireless network devices
US10305190B2 (en) 2016-12-01 2019-05-28 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Reflecting dielectric antenna system and methods for use therewith
US10312567B2 (en) 2016-10-26 2019-06-04 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Launcher with planar strip antenna and methods for use therewith
US10320586B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2019-06-11 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for generating non-interfering electromagnetic waves on an insulated transmission medium
US10326494B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2019-06-18 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus for measurement de-embedding and methods for use therewith
US10326689B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2019-06-18 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and system for providing alternative communication paths
US10340601B2 (en) 2016-11-23 2019-07-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Multi-antenna system and methods for use therewith
US10340573B2 (en) 2016-10-26 2019-07-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Launcher with cylindrical coupling device and methods for use therewith
US10340600B2 (en) 2016-10-18 2019-07-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for launching guided waves via plural waveguide systems
US10340603B2 (en) 2016-11-23 2019-07-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Antenna system having shielded structural configurations for assembly
US10340983B2 (en) 2016-12-09 2019-07-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for surveying remote sites via guided wave communications
US10341142B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2019-07-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for generating non-interfering electromagnetic waves on an uninsulated conductor
US10348391B2 (en) 2015-06-03 2019-07-09 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Client node device with frequency conversion and methods for use therewith
US10355367B2 (en) 2015-10-16 2019-07-16 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Antenna structure for exchanging wireless signals
US10361489B2 (en) 2016-12-01 2019-07-23 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Dielectric dish antenna system and methods for use therewith
US10359749B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2019-07-23 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for utilities management via guided wave communication
US10374316B2 (en) 2016-10-21 2019-08-06 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. System and dielectric antenna with non-uniform dielectric
US10382976B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2019-08-13 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for managing wireless communications based on communication paths and network device positions
US10389029B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2019-08-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Multi-feed dielectric antenna system with core selection and methods for use therewith
US10389037B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2019-08-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for selecting sections of an antenna array and use therewith
US10396887B2 (en) 2015-06-03 2019-08-27 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Client node device and methods for use therewith
US10411356B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2019-09-10 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for selectively targeting communication devices with an antenna array
US10439675B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2019-10-08 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for repeating guided wave communication signals
US10446936B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2019-10-15 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Multi-feed dielectric antenna system and methods for use therewith
US10498044B2 (en) 2016-11-03 2019-12-03 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus for configuring a surface of an antenna
US10530505B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2020-01-07 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for launching electromagnetic waves along a transmission medium
US10535928B2 (en) 2016-11-23 2020-01-14 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Antenna system and methods for use therewith
US10547348B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2020-01-28 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for switching transmission mediums in a communication system
US10601494B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2020-03-24 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Dual-band communication device and method for use therewith
US10637149B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2020-04-28 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Injection molded dielectric antenna and methods for use therewith
CN111130043A (en) * 2019-12-10 2020-05-08 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司 OPGW overhead ground wire ice melting control system and method based on optical fiber monitoring
US10650940B2 (en) 2015-05-15 2020-05-12 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission medium having a conductive material and methods for use therewith
US10665942B2 (en) 2015-10-16 2020-05-26 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for adjusting wireless communications
US10679767B2 (en) 2015-05-15 2020-06-09 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission medium having a conductive material and methods for use therewith
US10694379B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2020-06-23 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Waveguide system with device-based authentication and methods for use therewith
US10727599B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2020-07-28 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Launcher with slot antenna and methods for use therewith
US10755542B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2020-08-25 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for surveillance via guided wave communication
US10777873B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2020-09-15 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for mounting network devices
US10784670B2 (en) 2015-07-23 2020-09-22 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Antenna support for aligning an antenna
US10811767B2 (en) 2016-10-21 2020-10-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. System and dielectric antenna with convex dielectric radome
US10819035B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2020-10-27 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Launcher with helical antenna and methods for use therewith
US10916969B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2021-02-09 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for providing power using an inductive coupling
US10938108B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2021-03-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Frequency selective multi-feed dielectric antenna system and methods for use therewith
US11032819B2 (en) 2016-09-15 2021-06-08 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for use with a radio distributed antenna system having a control channel reference signal

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2126409B (en) * 1982-06-21 1986-01-08 Fujikura Ltd Magnetic wire

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2337556A (en) * 1939-02-03 1943-12-28 Composite Rubber Products Corp Cable
US2739256A (en) * 1954-06-30 1956-03-20 Westinghouse Electric Corp Current collector for dynamoelectric machines
US2797344A (en) * 1954-12-10 1957-06-25 United States Steel Corp De-icing apparatus for electric cables
US2870311A (en) * 1955-12-19 1959-01-20 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Electrical conductor and system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2337556A (en) * 1939-02-03 1943-12-28 Composite Rubber Products Corp Cable
US2739256A (en) * 1954-06-30 1956-03-20 Westinghouse Electric Corp Current collector for dynamoelectric machines
US2797344A (en) * 1954-12-10 1957-06-25 United States Steel Corp De-icing apparatus for electric cables
US2870311A (en) * 1955-12-19 1959-01-20 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Electrical conductor and system

Cited By (256)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3296364A (en) * 1964-06-08 1967-01-03 Int Nickel Co Transmission lines with a nickel-molybdenum-iron alloy sheath for de-icing
US3316344A (en) * 1965-04-26 1967-04-25 Central Electr Generat Board Prevention of icing of electrical conductors
US3316345A (en) * 1965-04-26 1967-04-25 Central Electr Generat Board Prevention of icing of electrical conductors
US3557341A (en) * 1968-08-09 1971-01-19 Vero Zap Otdel Vg Proektino Iz Apparatus for protecting ac switches and electrical equipment against low temperatures and icing
US4701587A (en) * 1979-08-31 1987-10-20 Metcal, Inc. Shielded heating element having intrinsic temperature control
US4256945A (en) * 1979-08-31 1981-03-17 Iris Associates Alternating current electrically resistive heating element having intrinsic temperature control
WO1982003148A1 (en) * 1981-03-02 1982-09-16 Ass Iris Electrically resistive heating element having temperature control
WO1982003305A1 (en) * 1981-03-16 1982-09-30 Ass Iris Shielded heating element having intrinsic temperature control
US4525432A (en) * 1982-06-21 1985-06-25 Fujikura Ltd. Magnetic material wire
US4695713A (en) * 1982-09-30 1987-09-22 Metcal, Inc. Autoregulating, electrically shielded heater
EP0107927B1 (en) * 1982-09-30 1988-12-07 Metcal Inc. Autoregulating electrically shielded heater
US5189271A (en) * 1982-12-01 1993-02-23 Metcal, Inc. Temperature self-regulating induction apparatus
US4914267A (en) * 1982-12-01 1990-04-03 Metcal, Inc. Connector containing fusible material and having intrinsic temperature control
US4752673A (en) * 1982-12-01 1988-06-21 Metcal, Inc. Autoregulating heater
EP0110692B1 (en) * 1982-12-01 1988-06-01 Metcal Inc. Autoregulating electric heater
US5073625A (en) * 1983-05-26 1991-12-17 Metcal, Inc. Self-regulating porous heating device
US4794226A (en) * 1983-05-26 1988-12-27 Metcal, Inc. Self-regulating porous heater device
WO1985000263A1 (en) * 1983-06-27 1985-01-17 Metcal, Inc. Flexible autoregulating heater with a latching mechanism
US4695712A (en) * 1983-06-27 1987-09-22 Metcal, Inc. Flexible autoregulating heater with a latching mechanism
US4745264A (en) * 1984-03-06 1988-05-17 Metcal, Inc. High efficiency autoregulating heater
US4623401A (en) * 1984-03-06 1986-11-18 Metcal, Inc. Heat treatment with an autoregulating heater
US4659912A (en) * 1984-06-21 1987-04-21 Metcal, Inc. Thin, flexible, autoregulating strap heater
US4665309A (en) * 1984-10-05 1987-05-12 Metcal, Inc. Self heating gasket for hermetically sealing a lid to a box
US4795870A (en) * 1985-06-18 1989-01-03 Metcal, Inc. Conductive member having integrated self-regulating heaters
US4769519A (en) * 1985-06-28 1988-09-06 Metcal, Inc. Ferromagnetic element with temperature regulation
USRE33644E (en) * 1985-06-28 1991-07-23 Metcal, Inc. Ferromagnetic element with temperature regulation
US4849611A (en) * 1985-12-16 1989-07-18 Raychem Corporation Self-regulating heater employing reactive components
US5352871A (en) * 1991-02-20 1994-10-04 Metcal Inc System and method for joining plastic materials
US5480398A (en) * 1992-05-01 1996-01-02 Hemostatic Surgery Corporation Endoscopic instrument with disposable auto-regulating heater
US5480397A (en) * 1992-05-01 1996-01-02 Hemostatic Surgery Corporation Surgical instrument with auto-regulating heater and method of using same
US5593406A (en) * 1992-05-01 1997-01-14 Hemostatic Surgery Corporation Endoscopic instrument with auto-regulating heater and method of using same
US5329085A (en) * 1992-08-05 1994-07-12 Metcal, Inc. Temperature self regulating heaters and soldering irons
US5611798A (en) * 1995-03-02 1997-03-18 Eggers; Philip E. Resistively heated cutting and coagulating surgical instrument
US20040159453A1 (en) * 2002-10-09 2004-08-19 Manucheher Shirmohamadi De-icer for suspended overhead lines
US7310948B2 (en) * 2002-10-09 2007-12-25 Manucheher Shirmohamadi De-icer for suspended overhead lines
US10194437B2 (en) 2012-12-05 2019-01-29 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Backhaul link for distributed antenna system
US9788326B2 (en) 2012-12-05 2017-10-10 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Backhaul link for distributed antenna system
US9699785B2 (en) 2012-12-05 2017-07-04 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Backhaul link for distributed antenna system
US10009065B2 (en) 2012-12-05 2018-06-26 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Backhaul link for distributed antenna system
US9930668B2 (en) 2013-05-31 2018-03-27 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Remote distributed antenna system
US10091787B2 (en) 2013-05-31 2018-10-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Remote distributed antenna system
US10051630B2 (en) 2013-05-31 2018-08-14 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Remote distributed antenna system
US9525524B2 (en) 2013-05-31 2016-12-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Remote distributed antenna system
US9999038B2 (en) 2013-05-31 2018-06-12 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Remote distributed antenna system
US9467870B2 (en) 2013-11-06 2016-10-11 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Surface-wave communications and methods thereof
US9674711B2 (en) 2013-11-06 2017-06-06 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Surface-wave communications and methods thereof
US9661505B2 (en) 2013-11-06 2017-05-23 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Surface-wave communications and methods thereof
US9876584B2 (en) 2013-12-10 2018-01-23 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Quasi-optical coupler
US9794003B2 (en) 2013-12-10 2017-10-17 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Quasi-optical coupler
US9479266B2 (en) 2013-12-10 2016-10-25 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Quasi-optical coupler
US9209902B2 (en) 2013-12-10 2015-12-08 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Quasi-optical coupler
US9692101B2 (en) 2014-08-26 2017-06-27 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Guided wave couplers for coupling electromagnetic waves between a waveguide surface and a surface of a wire
US10096881B2 (en) 2014-08-26 2018-10-09 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Guided wave couplers for coupling electromagnetic waves to an outer surface of a transmission medium
US9755697B2 (en) 2014-09-15 2017-09-05 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for sensing a condition in a transmission medium of electromagnetic waves
US9768833B2 (en) 2014-09-15 2017-09-19 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for sensing a condition in a transmission medium of electromagnetic waves
US10063280B2 (en) 2014-09-17 2018-08-28 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Monitoring and mitigating conditions in a communication network
US9906269B2 (en) 2014-09-17 2018-02-27 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Monitoring and mitigating conditions in a communication network
US9628854B2 (en) 2014-09-29 2017-04-18 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for distributing content in a communication network
US9615269B2 (en) 2014-10-02 2017-04-04 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus that provides fault tolerance in a communication network
US9998932B2 (en) 2014-10-02 2018-06-12 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus that provides fault tolerance in a communication network
US9973416B2 (en) 2014-10-02 2018-05-15 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus that provides fault tolerance in a communication network
US9685992B2 (en) 2014-10-03 2017-06-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Circuit panel network and methods thereof
US9866276B2 (en) 2014-10-10 2018-01-09 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for arranging communication sessions in a communication system
US9503189B2 (en) 2014-10-10 2016-11-22 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for arranging communication sessions in a communication system
US9847850B2 (en) 2014-10-14 2017-12-19 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for adjusting a mode of communication in a communication network
US9973299B2 (en) 2014-10-14 2018-05-15 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for adjusting a mode of communication in a communication network
US9762289B2 (en) 2014-10-14 2017-09-12 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for transmitting or receiving signals in a transportation system
US9780834B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2017-10-03 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for transmitting electromagnetic waves
US9525210B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2016-12-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Guided-wave transmission device with non-fundamental mode propagation and methods for use therewith
US9577306B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2017-02-21 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Guided-wave transmission device and methods for use therewith
US9577307B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2017-02-21 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Guided-wave transmission device and methods for use therewith
US9876587B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2018-01-23 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission device with impairment compensation and methods for use therewith
US9705610B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2017-07-11 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission device with impairment compensation and methods for use therewith
US9312919B1 (en) 2014-10-21 2016-04-12 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Transmission device with impairment compensation and methods for use therewith
US9571209B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2017-02-14 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission device with impairment compensation and methods for use therewith
US9564947B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2017-02-07 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Guided-wave transmission device with diversity and methods for use therewith
US9871558B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2018-01-16 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Guided-wave transmission device and methods for use therewith
US9912033B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2018-03-06 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Guided wave coupler, coupling module and methods for use therewith
US9653770B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2017-05-16 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Guided wave coupler, coupling module and methods for use therewith
US9596001B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2017-03-14 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus for providing communication services and methods thereof
US9627768B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2017-04-18 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Guided-wave transmission device with non-fundamental mode propagation and methods for use therewith
US9948355B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2018-04-17 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus for providing communication services and methods thereof
US9954286B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2018-04-24 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Guided-wave transmission device with non-fundamental mode propagation and methods for use therewith
US9960808B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2018-05-01 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Guided-wave transmission device and methods for use therewith
US9520945B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2016-12-13 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus for providing communication services and methods thereof
US9769020B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2017-09-19 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for responding to events affecting communications in a communication network
US10243784B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2019-03-26 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. System for generating topology information and methods thereof
US9712350B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2017-07-18 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission device with channel equalization and control and methods for use therewith
US9742521B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2017-08-22 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission device with mode division multiplexing and methods for use therewith
US9680670B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2017-06-13 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission device with channel equalization and control and methods for use therewith
US9749083B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2017-08-29 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission device with mode division multiplexing and methods for use therewith
US9654173B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2017-05-16 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus for powering a communication device and methods thereof
US9954287B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2018-04-24 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus for converting wireless signals and electromagnetic waves and methods thereof
US9544006B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2017-01-10 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission device with mode division multiplexing and methods for use therewith
US9531427B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2016-12-27 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission device with mode division multiplexing and methods for use therewith
US9800327B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2017-10-24 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus for controlling operations of a communication device and methods thereof
US10009067B2 (en) 2014-12-04 2018-06-26 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for configuring a communication interface
US9742462B2 (en) 2014-12-04 2017-08-22 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission medium and communication interfaces and methods for use therewith
US10144036B2 (en) 2015-01-30 2018-12-04 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for mitigating interference affecting a propagation of electromagnetic waves guided by a transmission medium
US9876571B2 (en) 2015-02-20 2018-01-23 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Guided-wave transmission device with non-fundamental mode propagation and methods for use therewith
US9876570B2 (en) 2015-02-20 2018-01-23 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Guided-wave transmission device with non-fundamental mode propagation and methods for use therewith
US9749013B2 (en) 2015-03-17 2017-08-29 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for reducing attenuation of electromagnetic waves guided by a transmission medium
US9793955B2 (en) 2015-04-24 2017-10-17 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Passive electrical coupling device and methods for use therewith
US9831912B2 (en) 2015-04-24 2017-11-28 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Directional coupling device and methods for use therewith
US9705561B2 (en) 2015-04-24 2017-07-11 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Directional coupling device and methods for use therewith
US10224981B2 (en) 2015-04-24 2019-03-05 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Passive electrical coupling device and methods for use therewith
US9793954B2 (en) 2015-04-28 2017-10-17 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Magnetic coupling device and methods for use therewith
US9948354B2 (en) 2015-04-28 2018-04-17 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Magnetic coupling device with reflective plate and methods for use therewith
US9490869B1 (en) 2015-05-14 2016-11-08 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission medium having multiple cores and methods for use therewith
US9871282B2 (en) 2015-05-14 2018-01-16 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. At least one transmission medium having a dielectric surface that is covered at least in part by a second dielectric
US9887447B2 (en) 2015-05-14 2018-02-06 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission medium having multiple cores and methods for use therewith
US9748626B2 (en) 2015-05-14 2017-08-29 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Plurality of cables having different cross-sectional shapes which are bundled together to form a transmission medium
US10679767B2 (en) 2015-05-15 2020-06-09 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission medium having a conductive material and methods for use therewith
US10650940B2 (en) 2015-05-15 2020-05-12 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission medium having a conductive material and methods for use therewith
US9917341B2 (en) 2015-05-27 2018-03-13 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and method for launching electromagnetic waves and for modifying radial dimensions of the propagating electromagnetic waves
US9912382B2 (en) 2015-06-03 2018-03-06 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Network termination and methods for use therewith
US9935703B2 (en) 2015-06-03 2018-04-03 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Host node device and methods for use therewith
US10812174B2 (en) 2015-06-03 2020-10-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Client node device and methods for use therewith
US10154493B2 (en) 2015-06-03 2018-12-11 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Network termination and methods for use therewith
US9967002B2 (en) 2015-06-03 2018-05-08 At&T Intellectual I, Lp Network termination and methods for use therewith
US10797781B2 (en) 2015-06-03 2020-10-06 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Client node device and methods for use therewith
US10396887B2 (en) 2015-06-03 2019-08-27 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Client node device and methods for use therewith
US10103801B2 (en) 2015-06-03 2018-10-16 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Host node device and methods for use therewith
US9866309B2 (en) 2015-06-03 2018-01-09 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Host node device and methods for use therewith
US10348391B2 (en) 2015-06-03 2019-07-09 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Client node device with frequency conversion and methods for use therewith
US9912381B2 (en) 2015-06-03 2018-03-06 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Network termination and methods for use therewith
US10050697B2 (en) 2015-06-03 2018-08-14 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Host node device and methods for use therewith
US9997819B2 (en) 2015-06-09 2018-06-12 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission medium and method for facilitating propagation of electromagnetic waves via a core
US9913139B2 (en) 2015-06-09 2018-03-06 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Signal fingerprinting for authentication of communicating devices
US9608692B2 (en) 2015-06-11 2017-03-28 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Repeater and methods for use therewith
US10142086B2 (en) 2015-06-11 2018-11-27 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Repeater and methods for use therewith
US10027398B2 (en) 2015-06-11 2018-07-17 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Repeater and methods for use therewith
US10142010B2 (en) 2015-06-11 2018-11-27 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Repeater and methods for use therewith
US9820146B2 (en) 2015-06-12 2017-11-14 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for authentication and identity management of communicating devices
US9667317B2 (en) 2015-06-15 2017-05-30 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for providing security using network traffic adjustments
US9509415B1 (en) 2015-06-25 2016-11-29 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Methods and apparatus for inducing a fundamental wave mode on a transmission medium
US10069185B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2018-09-04 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Methods and apparatus for inducing a non-fundamental wave mode on a transmission medium
US10090601B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2018-10-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Waveguide system and methods for inducing a non-fundamental wave mode on a transmission medium
US9865911B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2018-01-09 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Waveguide system for slot radiating first electromagnetic waves that are combined into a non-fundamental wave mode second electromagnetic wave on a transmission medium
US9640850B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2017-05-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Methods and apparatus for inducing a non-fundamental wave mode on a transmission medium
US9787412B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2017-10-10 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Methods and apparatus for inducing a fundamental wave mode on a transmission medium
US9882657B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2018-01-30 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Methods and apparatus for inducing a fundamental wave mode on a transmission medium
US10341142B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2019-07-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for generating non-interfering electromagnetic waves on an uninsulated conductor
US10148016B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2018-12-04 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for communicating utilizing an antenna array
US9836957B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2017-12-05 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for communicating with premises equipment
US9882257B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2018-01-30 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for launching a wave mode that mitigates interference
US10033108B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2018-07-24 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for generating an electromagnetic wave having a wave mode that mitigates interference
US9947982B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2018-04-17 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Dielectric transmission medium connector and methods for use therewith
US10044409B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2018-08-07 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Transmission medium and methods for use therewith
US10320586B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2019-06-11 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for generating non-interfering electromagnetic waves on an insulated transmission medium
US10205655B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2019-02-12 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for communicating utilizing an antenna array and multiple communication paths
US10033107B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2018-07-24 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for coupling an antenna to a device
US9853342B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2017-12-26 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Dielectric transmission medium connector and methods for use therewith
US9847566B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2017-12-19 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for adjusting a field of a signal to mitigate interference
US10170840B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2019-01-01 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for sending or receiving electromagnetic signals
US9722318B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2017-08-01 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for coupling an antenna to a device
US9628116B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2017-04-18 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for transmitting wireless signals
US9929755B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2018-03-27 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for coupling an antenna to a device
US9608740B2 (en) 2015-07-15 2017-03-28 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for launching a wave mode that mitigates interference
US10090606B2 (en) 2015-07-15 2018-10-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Antenna system with dielectric array and methods for use therewith
US9793951B2 (en) 2015-07-15 2017-10-17 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for launching a wave mode that mitigates interference
US9948333B2 (en) 2015-07-23 2018-04-17 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for wireless communications to mitigate interference
US9806818B2 (en) 2015-07-23 2017-10-31 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Node device, repeater and methods for use therewith
US10199705B2 (en) 2015-07-23 2019-02-05 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for exchanging communication signals
US9871283B2 (en) 2015-07-23 2018-01-16 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Transmission medium having a dielectric core comprised of plural members connected by a ball and socket configuration
US10784670B2 (en) 2015-07-23 2020-09-22 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Antenna support for aligning an antenna
US9912027B2 (en) 2015-07-23 2018-03-06 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for exchanging communication signals
US10074886B2 (en) 2015-07-23 2018-09-11 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Dielectric transmission medium comprising a plurality of rigid dielectric members coupled together in a ball and socket configuration
US9749053B2 (en) 2015-07-23 2017-08-29 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Node device, repeater and methods for use therewith
US9838078B2 (en) 2015-07-31 2017-12-05 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for exchanging communication signals
US9461706B1 (en) 2015-07-31 2016-10-04 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Method and apparatus for exchanging communication signals
US9967173B2 (en) 2015-07-31 2018-05-08 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for authentication and identity management of communicating devices
US10020587B2 (en) 2015-07-31 2018-07-10 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Radial antenna and methods for use therewith
US9735833B2 (en) 2015-07-31 2017-08-15 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for communications management in a neighborhood network
US9904535B2 (en) 2015-09-14 2018-02-27 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for distributing software
US10051629B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2018-08-14 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for use with a radio distributed antenna system having an in-band reference signal
US10079661B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2018-09-18 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for use with a radio distributed antenna system having a clock reference
US10349418B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2019-07-09 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for managing utilization of wireless resources via use of a reference signal to reduce distortion
US10136434B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2018-11-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for use with a radio distributed antenna system having an ultra-wideband control channel
US10225842B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2019-03-05 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method, device and storage medium for communications using a modulated signal and a reference signal
US10009063B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2018-06-26 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for use with a radio distributed antenna system having an out-of-band reference signal
US10009901B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2018-06-26 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method, apparatus, and computer-readable storage medium for managing utilization of wireless resources between base stations
US9705571B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2017-07-11 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for use with a radio distributed antenna system
US9769128B2 (en) 2015-09-28 2017-09-19 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for encryption of communications over a network
US9729197B2 (en) 2015-10-01 2017-08-08 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for communicating network management traffic over a network
US10074890B2 (en) 2015-10-02 2018-09-11 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Communication device and antenna with integrated light assembly
US9876264B2 (en) 2015-10-02 2018-01-23 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Communication system, guided wave switch and methods for use therewith
US9882277B2 (en) 2015-10-02 2018-01-30 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Communication device and antenna assembly with actuated gimbal mount
US10051483B2 (en) 2015-10-16 2018-08-14 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for directing wireless signals
US10665942B2 (en) 2015-10-16 2020-05-26 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for adjusting wireless communications
US10355367B2 (en) 2015-10-16 2019-07-16 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Antenna structure for exchanging wireless signals
WO2017100851A1 (en) * 2015-12-16 2017-06-22 Newsouth Innovations Pty Limited Climate responsive transmission lines
US11018488B2 (en) 2015-12-16 2021-05-25 Newsouth Innovations Pty Limited Climate responsive transmission lines
CN108702814A (en) * 2015-12-16 2018-10-23 新南创新私人有限公司 Climatic similarity transmission line
US9912419B1 (en) 2016-08-24 2018-03-06 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for managing a fault in a distributed antenna system
US9860075B1 (en) 2016-08-26 2018-01-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and communication node for broadband distribution
US10291311B2 (en) 2016-09-09 2019-05-14 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for mitigating a fault in a distributed antenna system
US11032819B2 (en) 2016-09-15 2021-06-08 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for use with a radio distributed antenna system having a control channel reference signal
US10340600B2 (en) 2016-10-18 2019-07-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for launching guided waves via plural waveguide systems
US10135146B2 (en) 2016-10-18 2018-11-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for launching guided waves via circuits
US10135147B2 (en) 2016-10-18 2018-11-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for launching guided waves via an antenna
US10811767B2 (en) 2016-10-21 2020-10-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. System and dielectric antenna with convex dielectric radome
US9991580B2 (en) 2016-10-21 2018-06-05 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Launcher and coupling system for guided wave mode cancellation
US9876605B1 (en) 2016-10-21 2018-01-23 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Launcher and coupling system to support desired guided wave mode
US10374316B2 (en) 2016-10-21 2019-08-06 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. System and dielectric antenna with non-uniform dielectric
US10312567B2 (en) 2016-10-26 2019-06-04 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Launcher with planar strip antenna and methods for use therewith
US10340573B2 (en) 2016-10-26 2019-07-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Launcher with cylindrical coupling device and methods for use therewith
US10224634B2 (en) 2016-11-03 2019-03-05 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Methods and apparatus for adjusting an operational characteristic of an antenna
US10498044B2 (en) 2016-11-03 2019-12-03 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus for configuring a surface of an antenna
US10291334B2 (en) 2016-11-03 2019-05-14 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. System for detecting a fault in a communication system
US10225025B2 (en) 2016-11-03 2019-03-05 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for detecting a fault in a communication system
US10178445B2 (en) 2016-11-23 2019-01-08 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Methods, devices, and systems for load balancing between a plurality of waveguides
US10090594B2 (en) 2016-11-23 2018-10-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Antenna system having structural configurations for assembly
US10340603B2 (en) 2016-11-23 2019-07-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Antenna system having shielded structural configurations for assembly
US10535928B2 (en) 2016-11-23 2020-01-14 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Antenna system and methods for use therewith
US10340601B2 (en) 2016-11-23 2019-07-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Multi-antenna system and methods for use therewith
US10361489B2 (en) 2016-12-01 2019-07-23 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Dielectric dish antenna system and methods for use therewith
US10305190B2 (en) 2016-12-01 2019-05-28 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Reflecting dielectric antenna system and methods for use therewith
US10819035B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2020-10-27 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Launcher with helical antenna and methods for use therewith
US10135145B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2018-11-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for generating an electromagnetic wave along a transmission medium
US10755542B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2020-08-25 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for surveillance via guided wave communication
US10727599B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2020-07-28 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Launcher with slot antenna and methods for use therewith
US9927517B1 (en) 2016-12-06 2018-03-27 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for sensing rainfall
US10637149B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2020-04-28 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Injection molded dielectric antenna and methods for use therewith
US10439675B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2019-10-08 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for repeating guided wave communication signals
US10020844B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2018-07-10 T&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for broadcast communication via guided waves
US10382976B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2019-08-13 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for managing wireless communications based on communication paths and network device positions
US10326494B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2019-06-18 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus for measurement de-embedding and methods for use therewith
US10694379B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2020-06-23 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Waveguide system with device-based authentication and methods for use therewith
US10389029B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2019-08-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Multi-feed dielectric antenna system with core selection and methods for use therewith
US10243270B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2019-03-26 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Beam adaptive multi-feed dielectric antenna system and methods for use therewith
US10359749B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2019-07-23 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for utilities management via guided wave communication
US10446936B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2019-10-15 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Multi-feed dielectric antenna system and methods for use therewith
US10027397B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2018-07-17 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Distributed antenna system and methods for use therewith
US10168695B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2019-01-01 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for controlling an unmanned aircraft
US10139820B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2018-11-27 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for deploying equipment of a communication system
US10547348B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2020-01-28 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for switching transmission mediums in a communication system
US9893795B1 (en) 2016-12-07 2018-02-13 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Method and repeater for broadband distribution
US10601494B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2020-03-24 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Dual-band communication device and method for use therewith
US9998870B1 (en) 2016-12-08 2018-06-12 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for proximity sensing
US10530505B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2020-01-07 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for launching electromagnetic waves along a transmission medium
US10411356B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2019-09-10 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for selectively targeting communication devices with an antenna array
US9911020B1 (en) 2016-12-08 2018-03-06 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for tracking via a radio frequency identification device
US10389037B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2019-08-20 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for selecting sections of an antenna array and use therewith
US10103422B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2018-10-16 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for mounting network devices
US10069535B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2018-09-04 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for launching electromagnetic waves having a certain electric field structure
US10777873B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2020-09-15 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for mounting network devices
US10938108B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2021-03-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Frequency selective multi-feed dielectric antenna system and methods for use therewith
US10326689B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2019-06-18 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and system for providing alternative communication paths
US10916969B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2021-02-09 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for providing power using an inductive coupling
US10264586B2 (en) 2016-12-09 2019-04-16 At&T Mobility Ii Llc Cloud-based packet controller and methods for use therewith
US10340983B2 (en) 2016-12-09 2019-07-02 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for surveying remote sites via guided wave communications
US9838896B1 (en) 2016-12-09 2017-12-05 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus for assessing network coverage
US9973940B1 (en) 2017-02-27 2018-05-15 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for dynamic impedance matching of a guided wave launcher
US10298293B2 (en) 2017-03-13 2019-05-21 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus of communication utilizing wireless network devices
CN111130043A (en) * 2019-12-10 2020-05-08 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司 OPGW overhead ground wire ice melting control system and method based on optical fiber monitoring

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB987812A (en) 1965-03-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3218384A (en) Temperature-responsive transmission line conductor for de-icing
US3296364A (en) Transmission lines with a nickel-molybdenum-iron alloy sheath for de-icing
KR100271953B1 (en) Cable snow-melting device
US3557341A (en) Apparatus for protecting ac switches and electrical equipment against low temperatures and icing
CA1200407A (en) Magnetic devices using amorphous alloys
US3842185A (en) Aluminium alloy conductor wire
US3349169A (en) Superconducting cable
US4454380A (en) Stabilized multifilament superconductor made of brittle, prereacted Nb3 Sn filaments in a bronze matrix
US4169964A (en) Electrical superconductor
US3282660A (en) High-temperature electrical conductor and method of making
US3984619A (en) Aluminium alloy conductor wire
CA1045222A (en) Aluminum alloy composite electrical conductor
US3939299A (en) Aluminium alloy conductor wire
US3474187A (en) Superconductive cable construction
US1292659A (en) Conductor.
US2252104A (en) Noncorrosive alloy
CA1137185A (en) Shielded electrical conductor
US4502899A (en) Electric joint material
US4195197A (en) Corrosion resistant URD cable
CN211238590U (en) Contact pin for aluminum or aluminum alloy conductor
JP4805688B2 (en) Superconducting wire and superconducting device using the same
KR20230096080A (en) Aluminum-Carbon Metal Matrix Composite Magnet Wires
US2933551A (en) Terminal-bushing with means for controlling magnetic heating
US2180827A (en) Electric contacting element
GB191114803A (en) Improvements in Fusible Cut-outs for Controlling Electric Circuits.