US3701346A - Medical electrode - Google Patents
Medical electrode Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3701346A US3701346A US103498A US3701346DA US3701346A US 3701346 A US3701346 A US 3701346A US 103498 A US103498 A US 103498A US 3701346D A US3701346D A US 3701346DA US 3701346 A US3701346 A US 3701346A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- pad
- cup member
- electrode
- cavity
- skin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/251—Means for maintaining electrode contact with the body
- A61B5/257—Means for maintaining electrode contact with the body using adhesive means, e.g. adhesive pads or tapes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/271—Arrangements of electrodes with cords, cables or leads, e.g. single leads or patient cord assemblies
- A61B5/273—Connection of cords, cables or leads to electrodes
- A61B5/274—Connection of cords, cables or leads to electrodes using snap or button fasteners
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
- A61B2562/0209—Special features of electrodes classified in A61B5/24, A61B5/25, A61B5/283, A61B5/291, A61B5/296, A61B5/053
- A61B2562/0217—Electrolyte containing
Definitions
- An electrode for attachment to the skin includes a pad of foamed material soaked with electrode jelly positioned in a low profile cup member and engaging an electrical conductor at the base of the cup member. Because the pad is wetted by the jelly, it adheres to the cup member and conductor. The cup member and soaked pad are protected by a cover, a projecting portion of which engages and holds the pad in the cup member. The area of the projecting portion engaging the pad has a relatively small area in comparison to the area of the pad engaging the cup member base and conductor. The padtherefore has comparatively little adhesion to the projecting portion and the cover can be removed from the electrode without pulling the pad away from the cup member.
- a disposable medical electrode having a low profile cup member held by a conductive snap fastener to an elastic, foamed plastic sheet. In use, the
- Electrode gel or paste loaded in the cup member and covered by a protective member which would be removed prior to use. It has been found that such an arrangement is undesirable because of the difficulties in sealingly confining a sufficient quantity of electrode gel or paste in the cup member.
- Edmark U.S. Pat. No. 3,487,827 shows a snap fastener type electrode provided with a removable plastic bubble containing electrode jelly.
- the bubble is squeezed and then removed along with a backing paper. The squeezing of the bubble causes the jelly to be smeared over a non-conductive screen and a conductive plate located behind the screen.
- a low profile medical electrode is provided by this invention with a foamed pad soaked or loaded with an electrode jelly, the pad being stantially fillingthe chamber formed between the skin and the base of the cup member. This assembly is packaged together and a protective covering is provided for the cup member and the soaked pad.
- the only portion of the protective covering engaging the pad is a projection located generally over the center of the pad and spaced from the base of the cup member appropriately to hold the pad against the base.
- the projection is formed so that the area of contact between the projection and the soaked pad is considerably smaller than the area of contact between the pad and the cup member. Accordingly, the adhesion between the jelly filled pad and the cup member is inherently greater than the adhesion between the pad and the protective covering. Therefore, the protective covering may be removed simply by peeling it away from the electrode without accidentally removing the pad.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the underside of an electrode provided with a protective covering made in accordance with this invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of the electrode and protective covering taken along 21 of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a partially exploded perspective view of the underside of the electrode with the protective covering removed. I g
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating the manner in which the protective covering is peeled from the electrode.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the electrode shown applied to the hand of a subject.
- the drawing illustrates an electrode, generally designated 10, consisting of a circular elastic pad or sheet 12 overlying a centrally located, inverted cup member 14 and sandwiched between a clamp plate 16 located on top of the sheet 12 which is of the same form and in alignment with the inverted cup member 14.
- the inverted cup member 14 is in the form of a cavity washer having a circular flat base with a semi-circular or U-shaped annular flange. The diameter of the cup member 14 is substantially greater than its height.
- a metallic conductor formed from a male snap fastener member, generally designated 18, and which includes a lower, circular plate portion 20, from the center of which a hollow stud 22 projects upwardly, and an upper plate portion 24 having an upwardly protruding hollow socket por: tion 26 receiving the stud 22.
- the parts are assembled and he'ld together by centrally locating and aligning the cup member 14 and the clamp plate 16 on opposite sides of the sheet 12.
- the stud 22 is then inserted through aligned apertures in the centers of the sheet 12 and the members 14 and 16 and into the socket 26.
- the pressing together of the snap fastener portions causes the upper end of the stud 22 to fold inwardly and its side walls to collapse outwardly whereupon the snap fastener parts are tightly wedged together.
- the bottom surface of the sheet 12 has a commercially available, medical grade acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive coating 28. Until the electrode is to be used, the adhesive coating 28 is covered by a protective paper sheet 30 having a release coating on.its face which engages the adhesive coating 28.
- the sheet 12 is preferably formed of a foamed plastic, such as polyvinyl chloride, which provides for adequate aeration or ventilation of the skin. Such a sheet is quite flexible, readily conforming to skin contours and permitting free movement of the skin to which it is applied.
- the cup member 14 may be vacuum forward from a thermoplastic sheet material which is slightly flexiblebut sufficiently rigid to prevent its collapse. A variety of plastic materials may be used to form the cup member 14, examples being vinyl, linear polyethylene, and cellulose acetate butyrate.
- the electrode has numerous advantages resulting primarily from its low profile and from the fact that the elastic sheet 12, when applied to the skin, maintains a resiliently applied pressure between the skin and the rim of the cup member 14.
- the electrode 10 has a low profile rendering it useful over extended periods without interfering with the patients movements, a spacing is invariably maintained between the patients skin and the conductive plate portion 20. Persons to which the electrode 10 is applied do not experience any unusual discomfort because of the U- shaped configuration of the cup member flange.
- cup member flange does cooperate with the surrounding adhesively coated sheet 12 to cause a circular depression in the skin and the skin will bulge slightly into the cup member cavity. Artifacts are kept to a minimum because a substantially uniform spacing is maintained at all times between the area of the skin contacted by the electrolyte and the conductive plate portion of the snap fastener 18.
- the electrolyte is preassembled with the electrode 10 by soaking a discshaped pad 32 of non-conductive, open-cell material with an electrode jelly.
- the pad 32 preferably has a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the base of the cup member 14 and a thickness greater than the depth of the cup member 14. It is sufficiently heavily laden with electrode jelly that, when the electrode 10 is pressed on the skin, the jelly fills the entire volume of the cavity between the skin and the conductive plate portion 20 whereupon good electrical contact between the skin and the conductor plate portion 20 through the jelly is assured.
- the pad 32 may be manufactured from open-cell polyurethane foam material although other cellular materials would be suitable.
- the electrode jelly may be of an entirely conventional formulation which, as those familiar with the art will understand, is formulated to make good electrical contact with the skin and which, provided that the plate member 20 comprises or is plated with silver or another suitable metal, will make good contact therewith.
- the pad 32 may be soaked with the jelly be immersing it in a quantity of jelly, squeezing it under pressure and then gradually releasing the pressure before removing it from the jelly in the same manner that one would load a sponge with water. Of course it could be soaked with .jelly by other methods. I
- the soaked pad 32 tends to adhere to the conductive plate portion 20 and the base of the cup member 14.
- the adhesion is sufficient that the soaked pad 32 may simply be placed into position on the conductive plate portion 20 and the cup member 14 without the use of additional adhesives. When so placed, the electrode 10 is ready for use.
- the electrode 10 is shown adhered to the hand H with a female snap fastener member indicated by phantom lines 34 snap connected to the male snap fastener member 18. Since the pad 32 is preferably thicker than the depth of the cup member 14, it is compressed when the electrode 10 is applied to the skin. Accordingly, the pad 32 is tightly confined against movement in the cup member 14 and artifacts which would result from movements of the pad 32 are avoided. Additionally the compressing of the pad 32 desirably assists in causing the electrode jelly to thoroughly coat the entire area of the skin surrounded by the cup member flange and insures that a complete electrical path is provided by the jelly from the skin to the conductive plate portion 20. The electrical path is completed through the interconnected snap fastener members 18 and 34 and thence to a conductive lead shown by phantom lines 36. Electrical signals from the skin are carried by the lead 36 to an amplifier and sensing apparatus (not shown).
- a protective cover 38 is provided for the cup member 14 and the jelly soaked pad 32 so that the electrode 10 may be stored ready for immediate use.
- the cover 38 comprises an essentially flat strip of non-conductive plastic sheet having coplanar flat ends 40 and a raised center portion 42 formed as a cylinder, the inner diameter of which is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the cup member 14.
- the height of the cylindrical center portion 42 is greater than the combined height of the cup member 14 and the pad 32 whereupon the inside base surface, designated 44, of the center portion 42 is spaced from the pad 32.
- the base of the center portion 42 has a centrally located, inwardly directed conical projection 46, the lowermost end of which is spaced from the plane of the flat ends 40 by considerably less than the thickness of the pad 32.
- the projection 46 is so designed that, when the parts are assembled, the area of contact between the projection 46 and the pad 32 is considerably less than the combined area of contact between the pad 32 and the conductive plate portion 20 and the base of the cup member 14.
- the cover 38 is assembled on the back face of the sheet 30 with the cylindrical center section 42 slipped over the cup member 14 and secured to the sheet 30 as by adhesive tacking 48.
- the protective cover 38 serves not only to prevent soiling of the pad 32 but also, because the conical projection 46 engages the pad 32, it holds the pad 32 firmly in the cup member 14 and against the conductive plate portion 20.
- the protective sheet 30 is merely peeled away from the sheet 12, taking with it the protective cover 38, in the manner shown in FIG. 4. There it will be noted that the cellular pad 32 has, due to its elasticity, returned to its original disc shape.
- the pad 32 remains nestled in the cup member 14 and is not peeled away with the cover 38 because, as mentioned above, the area of contact and, hence, the adhesion between the projection 46 and the soaked pad 32 is less than that between the pad 32, the conductive plate portion and the cup member 14.
- the protective cover 38 is desirably sufficiently flexible that it will naturally follow along with the sheet 30 as the sheet 30 is removed from the sheet 12. However, it should also have a self-supporting shape so that its center section 42 will not collapse when stored, thereby causing an undesirably large area of contact with the pad 32. As apparent a variety of plastic materials could be used for this purpose. Polyvinyl butyrate vacuumformed to the illustrated shape has been found satisfactory.
- the assembled electrode 10 and coverings 30, 38 are preferably packaged in a suitable air and watertight envelope.
- the dimensions of the electrode 10 are not critical buta model made in accordance with this invention has been successfully tested with both the cup member 14 and the clamp member 16 having a depth on the order of 0.094 inch assembled on an elastic sheet 12 having a thickness of 0.125 inch.
- the overall height of the assembled electrode 10 is on the order of only 0.3 inch.
- the diameter of the cup member and, accordingly, the clamp member was approximately 0.875 inch, the diameter of the cup member base being approximately 0.5 inch and the snap fastener plate portion 20 having a diameter of 0.4 inch.
- the diameter of the plastic sheet is preferably on the order of two to three times the diameter of the cup member 14 to provide a broad area for skin contact by the pressure sensitive adhesive 28, whereupon the electrode 10 is held fast to the skin.
- the diameter of the pad 32 is preferably the same as the diameter of the cup member base, that is, 0.5 inch in the model discussed above. its thickness is not critical and will depend in part upon the nature of the pad material and especially whether or not it is a relatively open or relatively closed cell material. In any event the pad 32 should be as thick as the depth of the cup member so that the skin bulging into the cup member will in all cases compress the pad 32 to prevent motion artifacts. lt presently is believed that the pad 32 should be on the order of one-half again as thick as the depth of the cup member 14 so that its compression results in a positive pressure on the pad 32 against the skin and against the cup member tending to hold the pad 32 in a fixed position.
- the pad 32 should not be so thick that the pressure overcomes the adhesive 28 and causes the rim of the cup member 14 to be displaced from the skin.
- the pad 32 may have a thickness on the order 0.1 to 0.14 inch in the model described above.
- the area engagement of the pad 32 by the conical projection 46 is significantly less than the diameter of the pad 32 and preferably on the order of one-half the pad diameter.
- the height of the raised center section 42 overlying the pad 32 need only be sufficient to avoid contact therewith; 0.2 inch is ample.
- the only part of the electrode 10 and the protective coverings 30,38 made from conductive material is the snap fastener 18. Since all other parts are non-conductive, all may be made from inexpensive, readily available plastic materials. Accordingly, and for the added reason that the electrode is simple to fabricate, it may be manufactured at minimal costs.
- electrolyte refers to pastes or jellies primarily intended to conduct electrical current at bio-potentials.
- a medical electrode for use on the skin including an inverted cup member; an elastic sheet member overlying said cup member; an adhesive layer on the same side of said elastic sheet as said cup member; means ing an electrically conductive member projecting through the base of said cup member adapted to be electrically connected to an external electrically responsive member; a pad of cellular material soaked with electrode jelly located in and substantially filling the interior of said cup member; and a protective cover for said jelly-soaked pad comprising a plastic sheet surrounding the open end of said cup member and having a raised portion confronting said pad and spaced therefrom, and a projection extending from said raised portion into engagement with said pad for retaining said pad in said cup member.
- the medical electrode of claim 3 further including a cover sheet releasably secured to said adhesive layer and means securing said protective cover to said cover sheet.
- a medical electrode for use on the skin including an inverted cup member; a flexible elastic sheet overlying and surrounding said cup member; an adhesive layer on the same side of said elastic sheet as said cup member; means securing said elastic sheet to said cup member including an electrically conductive member projecting through the base of said cup member adapted to be electrically connected to an external electrically responsive member; and a pad of resilient cellular material soaked with electrode jelly located in and substantially filling the interior of said cup member, said pad having a thickness exceeding the depth of said cup member whereby said pad is compressed between said electrically conductive member and the skin of a subject to which said elastic sheet is applied, whereby said pad is held in a substantially fixed position during use of the electrode, and a removable covering to protect said pad prior to use of said electrode, said protective covering comprising sheet material and having a raised portion overlying said pad and accommodating the thickness of said pad which exceeds the depth of said cup member.
Abstract
Description
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10349871A | 1971-01-04 | 1971-01-04 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3701346A true US3701346A (en) | 1972-10-31 |
Family
ID=22295514
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US103498A Expired - Lifetime US3701346A (en) | 1971-01-04 | 1971-01-04 | Medical electrode |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3701346A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2217136C3 (en) |
Cited By (36)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3774592A (en) * | 1971-12-16 | 1973-11-27 | Xerox Corp | Method for providing an improved body electrode electrical connection |
US3828766A (en) * | 1972-08-14 | 1974-08-13 | Jet Medical Prod Inc | Disposable medical electrode |
US3830229A (en) * | 1972-08-09 | 1974-08-20 | J Johnson | Disposable body electrodes |
US3845757A (en) * | 1972-07-12 | 1974-11-05 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Biomedical monitoring electrode |
US3848600A (en) * | 1972-02-03 | 1974-11-19 | Ndm Corp | Indifferent electrode in electrosurgical procedures and method of use |
US3868946A (en) * | 1973-07-13 | 1975-03-04 | James S Hurley | Medical electrode |
US3882853A (en) * | 1973-02-15 | 1975-05-13 | Cardiodynamics | Biomedical electrode |
DE2459627A1 (en) * | 1973-12-17 | 1975-06-19 | Ndm Corp | MEDICAL ELECTRODE |
US3901218A (en) * | 1973-10-26 | 1975-08-26 | Martin Buchalter | Disposable electrode |
US3923042A (en) * | 1973-10-15 | 1975-12-02 | Medicor Muevek | Electrical detector/transducer/applicable on the skin surface for biometrical observations |
US3942517A (en) * | 1973-12-03 | 1976-03-09 | Dracard Limited | Electrodes |
US3946730A (en) * | 1972-01-21 | 1976-03-30 | Ndm Corporation | Biomedical electrode assembly |
US3964469A (en) * | 1975-04-21 | 1976-06-22 | Eastprint, Inc. | Disposable electrode |
US3982529A (en) * | 1974-06-25 | 1976-09-28 | Sato Takuya R | Bioelectrodes |
US3989035A (en) * | 1975-08-04 | 1976-11-02 | Stemmen Laboratory, Inc. | Disposable medical electrode |
US3994394A (en) * | 1975-10-02 | 1976-11-30 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Shipping package for semiconductor devices |
US4019500A (en) * | 1975-05-27 | 1977-04-26 | Ndm Corporation | Sponge retaining cup for medical electrode |
US4029086A (en) * | 1975-08-11 | 1977-06-14 | Consolidated Medical Equipment, Inc. | Electrode arrangement |
US4034854A (en) * | 1976-07-16 | 1977-07-12 | M I Systems, Inc. | Electrode package |
US4067322A (en) * | 1974-07-19 | 1978-01-10 | Johnson Joseph H | Disposable, pre-gel body electrodes |
US4077398A (en) * | 1974-10-07 | 1978-03-07 | Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. | Diagnostic electrode assembly |
US4077397A (en) * | 1974-10-07 | 1978-03-07 | Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. | Diagnostic electrode assembly |
US4137909A (en) * | 1977-08-01 | 1979-02-06 | Ndm Corporation | Medical electrode |
US4353373A (en) * | 1980-04-17 | 1982-10-12 | Ferris Manufacturing Corp. | EKG Electrode and package |
US4441500A (en) * | 1980-04-17 | 1984-04-10 | Ferris Manufacturing Corp. | EKG Electrode |
US4441501A (en) * | 1982-03-08 | 1984-04-10 | Ndm Corporation | Medical electrode |
US4444194A (en) * | 1982-03-08 | 1984-04-24 | Ndm Corporation | Medical electrode assembly |
US4487313A (en) * | 1981-02-20 | 1984-12-11 | William C. Heller, Jr. | Enclosed moist pad assembly with removable cover |
US4887981A (en) * | 1987-11-25 | 1989-12-19 | Augat Inc. | Electronic socket carrier system |
US5012810A (en) * | 1988-09-22 | 1991-05-07 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Biomedical electrode construction |
US5078139A (en) * | 1988-09-22 | 1992-01-07 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Biomedical electrode construction |
US5402884A (en) * | 1992-09-24 | 1995-04-04 | Surviva Link Corporation | Medical electrode packaging technology |
US5984102A (en) * | 1992-09-24 | 1999-11-16 | Survivalink Corporation | Medical electrode packaging technology |
US6115638A (en) * | 1998-05-04 | 2000-09-05 | Survivalink Corporation | Medical electrode with conductive release liner |
USRE39250E1 (en) | 1993-10-28 | 2006-08-29 | Zoll Medical Corporation | Electrode package |
US20140187063A1 (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2014-07-03 | Suunto Oy | Male end of a telemetric transceiver |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2782786A (en) * | 1955-10-10 | 1957-02-26 | Louis R Krasno | Electrocardiograph electrode with absorbent contact surface |
US3085577A (en) * | 1961-06-12 | 1963-04-16 | Vector Mfg Company Inc | Body electrode |
US3170459A (en) * | 1962-03-20 | 1965-02-23 | Clifford G Phipps | Bio-medical instrumentation electrode |
US3187745A (en) * | 1961-08-01 | 1965-06-08 | Melpar Inc | Electrodes |
-
1971
- 1971-01-04 US US103498A patent/US3701346A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1972
- 1972-04-10 DE DE2217136A patent/DE2217136C3/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2782786A (en) * | 1955-10-10 | 1957-02-26 | Louis R Krasno | Electrocardiograph electrode with absorbent contact surface |
US3085577A (en) * | 1961-06-12 | 1963-04-16 | Vector Mfg Company Inc | Body electrode |
US3187745A (en) * | 1961-08-01 | 1965-06-08 | Melpar Inc | Electrodes |
US3170459A (en) * | 1962-03-20 | 1965-02-23 | Clifford G Phipps | Bio-medical instrumentation electrode |
Cited By (41)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3774592A (en) * | 1971-12-16 | 1973-11-27 | Xerox Corp | Method for providing an improved body electrode electrical connection |
US3946730A (en) * | 1972-01-21 | 1976-03-30 | Ndm Corporation | Biomedical electrode assembly |
US3848600A (en) * | 1972-02-03 | 1974-11-19 | Ndm Corp | Indifferent electrode in electrosurgical procedures and method of use |
US3845757A (en) * | 1972-07-12 | 1974-11-05 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Biomedical monitoring electrode |
US3830229A (en) * | 1972-08-09 | 1974-08-20 | J Johnson | Disposable body electrodes |
US3828766A (en) * | 1972-08-14 | 1974-08-13 | Jet Medical Prod Inc | Disposable medical electrode |
US3882853A (en) * | 1973-02-15 | 1975-05-13 | Cardiodynamics | Biomedical electrode |
US3868946A (en) * | 1973-07-13 | 1975-03-04 | James S Hurley | Medical electrode |
US3923042A (en) * | 1973-10-15 | 1975-12-02 | Medicor Muevek | Electrical detector/transducer/applicable on the skin surface for biometrical observations |
US3901218A (en) * | 1973-10-26 | 1975-08-26 | Martin Buchalter | Disposable electrode |
US3942517A (en) * | 1973-12-03 | 1976-03-09 | Dracard Limited | Electrodes |
US3976055A (en) * | 1973-12-17 | 1976-08-24 | Ndm Corporation | Electrode and conductor therefor |
DE2459627A1 (en) * | 1973-12-17 | 1975-06-19 | Ndm Corp | MEDICAL ELECTRODE |
US3982529A (en) * | 1974-06-25 | 1976-09-28 | Sato Takuya R | Bioelectrodes |
US4067322A (en) * | 1974-07-19 | 1978-01-10 | Johnson Joseph H | Disposable, pre-gel body electrodes |
US4077398A (en) * | 1974-10-07 | 1978-03-07 | Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. | Diagnostic electrode assembly |
US4077397A (en) * | 1974-10-07 | 1978-03-07 | Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. | Diagnostic electrode assembly |
US3964469A (en) * | 1975-04-21 | 1976-06-22 | Eastprint, Inc. | Disposable electrode |
US4019500A (en) * | 1975-05-27 | 1977-04-26 | Ndm Corporation | Sponge retaining cup for medical electrode |
US3989035A (en) * | 1975-08-04 | 1976-11-02 | Stemmen Laboratory, Inc. | Disposable medical electrode |
US4029086A (en) * | 1975-08-11 | 1977-06-14 | Consolidated Medical Equipment, Inc. | Electrode arrangement |
US3994394A (en) * | 1975-10-02 | 1976-11-30 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Shipping package for semiconductor devices |
US4063352A (en) * | 1976-07-16 | 1977-12-20 | M I Systems, Inc. | Method of making electrode package |
US4034854A (en) * | 1976-07-16 | 1977-07-12 | M I Systems, Inc. | Electrode package |
US4137909A (en) * | 1977-08-01 | 1979-02-06 | Ndm Corporation | Medical electrode |
US4353373A (en) * | 1980-04-17 | 1982-10-12 | Ferris Manufacturing Corp. | EKG Electrode and package |
US4441500A (en) * | 1980-04-17 | 1984-04-10 | Ferris Manufacturing Corp. | EKG Electrode |
US4487313A (en) * | 1981-02-20 | 1984-12-11 | William C. Heller, Jr. | Enclosed moist pad assembly with removable cover |
US4441501A (en) * | 1982-03-08 | 1984-04-10 | Ndm Corporation | Medical electrode |
US4444194A (en) * | 1982-03-08 | 1984-04-24 | Ndm Corporation | Medical electrode assembly |
US4887981A (en) * | 1987-11-25 | 1989-12-19 | Augat Inc. | Electronic socket carrier system |
US5012810A (en) * | 1988-09-22 | 1991-05-07 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Biomedical electrode construction |
US5078139A (en) * | 1988-09-22 | 1992-01-07 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Biomedical electrode construction |
US5402884A (en) * | 1992-09-24 | 1995-04-04 | Surviva Link Corporation | Medical electrode packaging technology |
US5579919A (en) * | 1992-09-24 | 1996-12-03 | Survivalink Corporation | Medical electrode packaging technology |
US5850920A (en) * | 1992-09-24 | 1998-12-22 | Survivalink Corporation | Medical electrode packaging technology |
US5984102A (en) * | 1992-09-24 | 1999-11-16 | Survivalink Corporation | Medical electrode packaging technology |
USRE39250E1 (en) | 1993-10-28 | 2006-08-29 | Zoll Medical Corporation | Electrode package |
US6115638A (en) * | 1998-05-04 | 2000-09-05 | Survivalink Corporation | Medical electrode with conductive release liner |
US20140187063A1 (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2014-07-03 | Suunto Oy | Male end of a telemetric transceiver |
US8814574B2 (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2014-08-26 | Suunto Oy | Male end of a telemetric transceiver |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2217136B2 (en) | 1979-03-01 |
DE2217136C3 (en) | 1979-10-18 |
DE2217136A1 (en) | 1973-10-18 |
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