US3709722A - Process for accreting molten copper on a moving core member - Google Patents
Process for accreting molten copper on a moving core member Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3709722A US3709722A US00132227A US3709722DA US3709722A US 3709722 A US3709722 A US 3709722A US 00132227 A US00132227 A US 00132227A US 3709722D A US3709722D A US 3709722DA US 3709722 A US3709722 A US 3709722A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- crucible
- rod
- bushing
- nozzle
- copper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 21
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 28
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title description 26
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 24
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 13
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000691 Re alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- DECCZIUVGMLHKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium tungsten Chemical compound [W].[Re] DECCZIUVGMLHKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 Tungsten Molybdenum Tantalum Tungsten Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005494 tarnishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100165186 Caenorhabditis elegans bath-34 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZPGFUCQQUDSQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mo].[Re] Chemical compound [Mo].[Re] NZPGFUCQQUDSQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/003—Apparatus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/003—Apparatus
- C23C2/0035—Means for continuously moving substrate through, into or out of the bath
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/003—Apparatus
- C23C2/0036—Crucibles
- C23C2/00361—Crucibles characterised by structures including means for immersing or extracting the substrate through confining wall area
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/003—Apparatus
- C23C2/0038—Apparatus characterised by the pre-treatment chambers located immediately upstream of the bath or occurring locally before the dipping process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
- C23C2/36—Elongated material
- C23C2/38—Wires; Tubes
Definitions
- an elongated body or core material such as a metal rod is typically pretreated by passing it through a straightener, a surface cleaning apparatus and a shaving die which also serves as a vacuum seal for a vacuum entrance chamber positioned below or at the bottom of a crucible containing a bath of molten material.
- the continuous elongated core or body is passed upwardly through the molten bath, which bath may have the same chemical composition as that of the core or a different composition.
- the molten material in the crucible accretes or deposits upon the outer surface of the core thereby increasing its cross sectional area appreciably,
- the resulting casting member is cooled as by a water spray from one or more jet nozzles at least sufficiently so that the cast member may be rolled or worked. From there the cast member may be passed through a suitable roller mechanism where it is reduced in crosssectional area and then passed to a suitable receiving means such as a take-up reel.
- the invention therefore relates to a method for accreting molten material, i.e. copper, on a continuously. moving rod wherein the rod passes through an entrance bushing whose physical characteristics are such that no material will be removed from the bushing and deposited on the moving rod to cause inclusions in the accreted rod or the wire products made therefrom.
- the chief object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and process for accreting molten material on a moving rod to form a rod having greater thickness and being substantially uniform in character and free of detrimental inclusions, welded particles, tears, scrapes, gouges, and scratches experienced in the prior art process.
- Still another object of the invention is to provide an entrance bushing to the molten metal crucible having physical properties that will not result in mechanical removal of particles from the bushing due to spalling, galling, welding, and/or tearing.
- FIG. I is a schematic flow diagram of the elements required to practice a method of accreting molten material on a moving member.
- FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C are sectional views of a portion of the crucible illustrating the area through which the core member is introduced into the crucible and illustrating three types of bushings or nozzles.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the overall dip-forming process
- an elongated body 1 of a length of material in the solid state having a first cross sectional configuration and area is continuously withdrawn from a storage means 2 such as a reel or the like and is guided by an appropriate means such as a pulley 3 through preliminary treatment apparatus which may consist of a conventional straightener 4, a conventional surface cleaning apparatus 5, for example an electrolytic bath, and a rinsing or washing bath 6.
- preliminary treatment apparatus which may consist of a conventional straightener 4, a conventional surface cleaning apparatus 5, for example an electrolytic bath, and a rinsing or washing bath 6.
- the straightened, cleaned and Wet body 1 is guided by means 7 into and through an elongated or tubular conduit 8 comprising a drying means 9 which may be supplied with a neutral atmosphere from a source 10, conventional power driven feeder rolls 11 which frictionally engage and drive body 1 into a vacuum entrance chamber 12 provided with a vacuum source 13, which permits the body to pass therethrough while subject to vacuum but which prevents the passage of atmosphere therewith, and an entrance port 14 provided in the bottom of a crucible 15.
- the body 1 is then passed through a bath of molten material contained in crucible 15, the bath suitably but not necessarily having the same chemical composition as body 1.
- Molten material in crucible 15 accretes or deposits and solidifies upon the outer surface of the body 1 increasing its cross-sectiona1 area appreciably into a body 16 which may be of substantially homogeneous composition.
- the body 16 may be subjected to water sprays from jet nozzles 29 and thereby cooled and then passed between sizing apparatus, such as a pair of sizing rolls 17 which function to remove or correct minor surface irregularities.
- the body 16 is then guided by means of a cooling duct or conveyor 18 to any suitable receiving means such as a reel 19 where it may be allowed to accumulate. From the reel or receiving means 19 the body is passed through conventional reducing apparatus 20 such as wire drawing apparatus or rolling equipment Where the body 16 is reduced to a body 1' having any desired reduced cross-sectional area.
- Body 1' may be allowed to accumulate at a storage means 21 such as a reel or the like. When a sufficient.
- body 1' may be cut and the remainder of the body diverted to storage means 22 as product 23.
- Product 23, as indicated by arrow 24, may be substantially continuously fed to other fabricating apparatus or may be packaged at this point as a final product.
- the portions of the body 1 stored at 21 may be used to replenish body 1 in storage means 2 and permit continuous operation of the apparatus.
- molten material is continuously removed from the crucible.
- the depth of the molten material in the crucible should be preferably maintained at a substantially constant depth and this may be continually accomplished by providing a melting apparatus such as furnace 25. Material having the appropriate composition is melted in furnace 25 and permitted to flow into the crucible through a conduit 26, a regulating valve 27 and a heating launder or conduit 28 into the bath contained in the crucible 15.
- FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C there is shown various designs of the entrance bushing or nozzle through which the core or wire rod passes into the molten metal bath.
- a tube 30 defining an evacuated passage through which the core rod 1 passes into the crucible 31.
- a nozzle 33 through which the core rod 1 passes into the molten bath 34.
- the nozzle 33 is a cylindrical member to be constructed from the materials as herein described.
- FIG. 213 there is shown another nozzle and entrance port design.
- the entrance port comprises a centrally apertured cylindrical bushing element 50 of a thermally conductive material such as copper having a flange 51 at one end and a reduced cylindrical extension 52 at its other end.
- the centrally disposed aperture at the outer end of extension 52 is enlarged and internally threaded as shown at 53.
- a thin wall tubular element or bushing 54 constructed of the materials as described in this application is provided with a threaded collar 55 at about its midpoint and is threadedly secured to extension 52 with a portion of its length, forming a liner for extension 52 as shown.
- a substantially cylindrical bushing 56 of a ceramic material such as fired alumina or the like, is provided with a central aperture which receives extension 52 and that portion of tubular element 54 which extends beyond the terminal portion of extension 52.
- a bottom wall of crucible 60 is provided with an aperture 57 within which is secured a substantially cylindrical centrally apertured bushing 58 of a refractory material such as graphite which retains within its aperture ceramic bushing 56 as shown.
- Cooling means such as coil 59 through which coolant may be circulated is in heat exchange relationship with element 50 as shown and serves to extract heat from element 50 and tubular element 54.
- body 1 passes through the central aperture of element 50 and through the tubular member or element 54 and emerges in the bath of molten material contained in crucible 60.
- the internal dimensions and configurations of tubular member 54 is such that body 1 may freely pass thcrethrough but molten material may not leak downwardly along body 1..
- FIG. 2C illustrates yet another design for the entrance port to the molten metal crucible.
- Crucible liner 62 containing molten metal 68 is enclosed in a crucible 61.
- Tube 65 adapted to be evacuated, is connected to a vacuum source through tube 67.
- suitable clearance space 66 is provided between rod 1 and the nozzle surface.
- hydraulic pressure of the molten metal in the crucible liner 62 combined with the vacuum in the opening brings the solidified material into the clearance 66.
- Continuous solidification of molten material at discharge end 63 of the nozzle substantially prevents molten material flowing into nozzle to impede the successful operation of this continuous accretion.
- a cross section of this copper rod was polished and the rod was inserted in a drill press.
- the candidate test materials were mounted in plastic and polished.
- a 200 gram force was applied between the copper wire rod and the candidate material surfaces.
- a drill press was rotated at about 3600 r.p.m. for 10 minutes. After the test the two meeting surfaces, that is the surface of the copper rod and the candidate test materials, were observed with a micro scope.
- the copper rod surfaces were also analyzed by the electron microprobe for the major elements contained in the test material.
- the first test was carried out using molybdenum as test material. After the test, the molybdenum surface was severely scored, and these grooves were partially filled with copper mixed with molybdenum particles. The copper surface was severely roughened and several molybdenum inclusions were clearly visible. These inclusions were positively identified by the electron microprobe as pure molybdenum. This test confirmed the earlier findings of molybdenum inclusion in the broken wire.
- tungsten carbide and alumina materbiall contained may be acceptable construction materials except that their gggg ff well known low impact resistance and thermal shock Soft rhenlumflmu Ai'evgsclrlatghtkiis, no sul'tfloescgfilgl tg n d sensitivity may cause these materials to shatter in service.
- Test rod surface 1 Very poor ery poor. Good.... Excellent. Excellent-.. Excellent Excellent- Excellent.
- test material particles Testmaterialuseful asbush- Yes Yes YES Yes Probably Probably no.
- Table II lists some known physical properties and observed characteristics of the test materials.
- rhenium would be the most ideal material for the bushing. However it is cold welding metal selected from rhenium, rhenium based alloys, tungsten and tungsten-rhenium alloys.
- the nozzle is constructed from a metal selected from a rheninm-molybdenum alloy containing at least 50% rhenium, and a tungsten-rhenium alloy containing at least tungsten.
Abstract
BER PASSES AT A RELATIVELY HIGH RATE. CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS FOR THIS NOZZLE OR BUSHING ELEMENT ARE CRITICAL IN OBTAINING HIGH QUALITY WIRE ROD.
Description
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US2577070A | 1970-04-06 | 1970-04-06 | |
US13222771A | 1971-04-07 | 1971-04-07 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3709722A true US3709722A (en) | 1973-01-09 |
Family
ID=26700141
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00132227A Expired - Lifetime US3709722A (en) | 1970-04-06 | 1971-04-07 | Process for accreting molten copper on a moving core member |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3709722A (en) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3924036A (en) * | 1973-06-28 | 1975-12-02 | Gen Electric | Method of continuous casting |
US3990498A (en) * | 1974-12-16 | 1976-11-09 | Metallurgie Hoboken-Overpelt | Method of continuous casting |
US4168610A (en) * | 1978-03-29 | 1979-09-25 | Caterpillar Tractor Co. | Exhaust manifold with reflective insulation |
EP0832990A2 (en) * | 1996-09-23 | 1998-04-01 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Process and apparatus for producing coated metal bars, especially steel strips |
EP0832989A2 (en) * | 1996-09-23 | 1998-04-01 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Process and device for producing coated metal bars, especially metal strips |
EP0915181A1 (en) * | 1997-11-04 | 1999-05-12 | Inland Steel Company | Hot dip coating employing a plug of chilled coating metal |
FR2799767A1 (en) * | 1999-10-13 | 2001-04-20 | Lorraine Laminage | Device for the wet coating of metal strip by defilement through a coating metal in the liquid state with controlled heat exchangers to help prevent the strip making contact with the walls of the coating device |
US20090224443A1 (en) * | 2008-03-05 | 2009-09-10 | Rundquist Victor F | Niobium as a protective barrier in molten metals |
US8574336B2 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2013-11-05 | Southwire Company | Ultrasonic degassing of molten metals |
US8652397B2 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2014-02-18 | Southwire Company | Ultrasonic device with integrated gas delivery system |
US9528167B2 (en) | 2013-11-18 | 2016-12-27 | Southwire Company, Llc | Ultrasonic probes with gas outlets for degassing of molten metals |
US10233515B1 (en) | 2015-08-14 | 2019-03-19 | Southwire Company, Llc | Metal treatment station for use with ultrasonic degassing system |
-
1971
- 1971-04-07 US US00132227A patent/US3709722A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3924036A (en) * | 1973-06-28 | 1975-12-02 | Gen Electric | Method of continuous casting |
US3990498A (en) * | 1974-12-16 | 1976-11-09 | Metallurgie Hoboken-Overpelt | Method of continuous casting |
US4168610A (en) * | 1978-03-29 | 1979-09-25 | Caterpillar Tractor Co. | Exhaust manifold with reflective insulation |
EP0832990A2 (en) * | 1996-09-23 | 1998-04-01 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Process and apparatus for producing coated metal bars, especially steel strips |
EP0832989A2 (en) * | 1996-09-23 | 1998-04-01 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Process and device for producing coated metal bars, especially metal strips |
EP0832990A3 (en) * | 1996-09-23 | 1999-02-03 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Process and apparatus for producing coated metal bars, especially steel strips |
EP0832989A3 (en) * | 1996-09-23 | 1999-02-10 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Process and device for producing coated metal bars, especially metal strips |
US6161608A (en) * | 1996-09-23 | 2000-12-19 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus for producing coated slabs of metal, particularly strips of steel |
EP0915181A1 (en) * | 1997-11-04 | 1999-05-12 | Inland Steel Company | Hot dip coating employing a plug of chilled coating metal |
FR2799767A1 (en) * | 1999-10-13 | 2001-04-20 | Lorraine Laminage | Device for the wet coating of metal strip by defilement through a coating metal in the liquid state with controlled heat exchangers to help prevent the strip making contact with the walls of the coating device |
US20090224443A1 (en) * | 2008-03-05 | 2009-09-10 | Rundquist Victor F | Niobium as a protective barrier in molten metals |
US8844897B2 (en) * | 2008-03-05 | 2014-09-30 | Southwire Company, Llc | Niobium as a protective barrier in molten metals |
US9327347B2 (en) | 2008-03-05 | 2016-05-03 | Southwire Company, Llc | Niobium as a protective barrier in molten metals |
US8574336B2 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2013-11-05 | Southwire Company | Ultrasonic degassing of molten metals |
US8652397B2 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2014-02-18 | Southwire Company | Ultrasonic device with integrated gas delivery system |
US9382598B2 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2016-07-05 | Southwire Company, Llc | Ultrasonic device with integrated gas delivery system |
US9617617B2 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2017-04-11 | Southwire Company, Llc | Ultrasonic degassing of molten metals |
US10640846B2 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2020-05-05 | Southwire Company, Llc | Ultrasonic degassing of molten metals |
US9528167B2 (en) | 2013-11-18 | 2016-12-27 | Southwire Company, Llc | Ultrasonic probes with gas outlets for degassing of molten metals |
US10316387B2 (en) | 2013-11-18 | 2019-06-11 | Southwire Company, Llc | Ultrasonic probes with gas outlets for degassing of molten metals |
US10233515B1 (en) | 2015-08-14 | 2019-03-19 | Southwire Company, Llc | Metal treatment station for use with ultrasonic degassing system |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3709722A (en) | Process for accreting molten copper on a moving core member | |
US3470939A (en) | Continuous chill casting of cladding on a continuous support | |
US2538917A (en) | Extrusion of metals | |
US2371604A (en) | Method of and apparatus for making metal wire, rod, strip, and the like | |
US3746077A (en) | Apparatus for upward casting | |
SE437776B (en) | SET TO MOLD METAL IN A ROTATING MOLD | |
US2931082A (en) | Casting method and apparatus | |
US3776295A (en) | Method of continuous rotary casting of metal utilizing a liquefied gas to facilitate solidification | |
EP0024506B1 (en) | Apparatus and method for chill casting of metal strip employing a chromium chill surface | |
US2264287A (en) | Metallurgical product and method of making same | |
US3610204A (en) | Apparatus for accreting molten copper on a moving core member | |
US2974790A (en) | Cross-extrusion process | |
US2688781A (en) | Self-eliminating core wire and core | |
US2123894A (en) | Method of producing hollow metallic shapes and apparatus therefor | |
US2234152A (en) | Coated mold and method of coating the same | |
US1710534A (en) | Process for casting hollow bodies | |
GB2065007A (en) | Cooling horizontal continuous casting moulds | |
US3523815A (en) | Method for producing a uniform metallic coating on wire | |
US3466186A (en) | Dip forming method | |
JP4967974B2 (en) | Glass lubricant for hot extrusion, method for hot extrusion of metal material using the same, and method for manufacturing metal tube | |
US3339588A (en) | Continuous casting mold | |
JPS6072646A (en) | Method and device for horizontal and continuous casting of metallic molding consisting of unidirectionally solidified structure | |
GB745655A (en) | Improvements in the production of gas-turbine blades containing voids | |
CA1151389A (en) | Chill casting of metal strip employing a molybdenum chill surface | |
US1986704A (en) | Protective coating for metals |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: KENNECOTT CORPORATION, 200 PUBLIC SQUARE, CLEVELAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:KENNECOTT MINING CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004815/0063 Effective date: 19870320 Owner name: KENNECOTT MINING CORPORATION Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:KENNECOTT CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004815/0036 Effective date: 19870220 Owner name: KENNECOTT CORPORATION Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:KENNECOTT COPPER CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004815/0016 Effective date: 19800520 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: GAZELLE CORPORATION, C/O CT CORPORATION SYSTEMS, C Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:RENNECOTT CORPORATION, A DE. CORP.;REEL/FRAME:005164/0153 Effective date: 19890628 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: KENNECOTT UTAH COPPER CORPORATION Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:GAZELLE CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:005604/0237 Effective date: 19890630 |