US3807235A - Micropipetting apparatus - Google Patents

Micropipetting apparatus Download PDF

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US3807235A
US3807235A US00295646A US29564672A US3807235A US 3807235 A US3807235 A US 3807235A US 00295646 A US00295646 A US 00295646A US 29564672 A US29564672 A US 29564672A US 3807235 A US3807235 A US 3807235A
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plate
liquid
cannula
pump membrane
opening
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US00295646A
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I Lefkovits
O Kamber
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F Hoffmann La Roche AG
Hoffmann La Roche Inc
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F Hoffmann La Roche AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/02Burettes; Pipettes
    • B01L3/021Pipettes, i.e. with only one conduit for withdrawing and redistributing liquids
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N2035/00178Special arrangements of analysers
    • G01N2035/00237Handling microquantities of analyte, e.g. microvalves, capillary networks

Definitions

  • MICROPIPETTING APPARATUS [ Apr. 30, 1974 MICROPIPETTING APPARATUS [75] Inventors: Ivan Lefkovits, Bettingen; Otto Kamber, Basel, both of Switzerland [73] Assignee: Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley,
  • ABSTRACT Apparatus for withdrawing minute quantities of a liquid medium into a liquid collecting apparatus.
  • the soobtained liquid medium is then transferred from the liquid collecting apparatus into a vessel containing another medium which interacts with the liquid medium collected to give information about the latter.
  • the present invention relates to a micropipetting apparatus. More particularly, it relates to a micropipetting apparatus adapted to simultaneously withdraw from a liquid containing vessel, very small samplings of a liquid, which samplings are substantially all of equal volume and are of a very small magnitude, i.e., of the order of a microliter.
  • Pipetting apparatuses which are capable of simultaneously withdrawing a plurality of samples of liquid to be pipetted are known. Such known apparatuses, however, are generally suitable for withdrawing amounts of liquid in excess of 25 microliters. In many instances, 25 microliters is much more than the amount needed and, thus, more liquid is withdrawn from the liquidcontaining medium than is needed for an intended purpose. Hence, waste of liquid and inefficiency result. I
  • micropipetting apparatus provided by the present invention which comprises a number of cannulas fastened to a carrier plate and a pump membrane fitted over the carrier plate, the pump membrane being in communication with a suction chamber by means of a perforated plate provided with indentations which are disposed in such a way that they each register with a cannula and determine the volume of the liquid which is to be pipetted.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the cannula plate
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a part of a cannula plate
  • FIG. 3 is a complete view of the micropipetting apparatus.
  • the micropipetting apparatus comprises a cannula plate shown in FIG. 1 made of stainless steel material which consists of a carrier plate 2 having 60 cannulas 1 secured thereto.
  • the cannulas are all of equal dimensions and are disposed on plate 2 in staggered relationship in six rows, each containing 10 cannulas.
  • a flat pump membrane 3 which is made, for example, of rubber or of any suitable elastic synthetic material.
  • the membrane 3 is supported on a plate 4 having 60 indentations 6.
  • the transverse axis of each indentation 6 and the longitudinal axis of each of the cannulas are disposed along substantially the same line.
  • Opening 7 is disposed between pump membrane 3 and suction chamber 5.
  • the indentations 6 are all of the same volume, i.e., of the order of magnitude of a microliter.
  • Fastening means is utilized to secure membrane 3 between plates 2 and 4 and section chamber 5 to plates 2 and 4 as shown in FIG. 1. Any suitable securing means of the type shown in FIG. 3 may be utilized as the fastening means.
  • the suction chamber 5 In order to withdraw samples, the suction chamber 5 is placed under vacuum in a conventional manner, whereby an adjacent portion of the membrane is sucked into each indentation 6. An aliquot of liquid, which corresponds to the volume of an indentation 6 is withdrawn from a liquid containing vessel into each cannula.
  • FIG. 3 is a view of a preferred embodiment of the micropipetting apparatus provided by the present invention.
  • the micropipetting apparatus shown in FIG. 3 can be operated as follows:
  • the microtitration plate 12 which has 6O recesses filled with culture media, is placed on a carrier plate 13.
  • the cannulas 1 of the cannula plate are then lowered until they are each immersed in the culture media.
  • the suction chamber 5 is placed under vacuum and 60 samplings are drawn into each of the respective cannulas.
  • the microtitration plate 12 is removed and an agar plate or a plate having another nutrient medium thereon, is placed under the cannula plate 10.
  • the vacuum condition which have been imparted to the suction chamber 5 is removed, whereby the liquid in the cannulas is discharged under the influence of gravity onto an agar plate or the like.
  • a micropipetting apparatus for pipetting a liquid comprising a liquid receiving cannula secured to a carrier plate and extending downwardly from the underside thereof, the upper end of said cannula extending to the upperside of the carrier plate, a pump membrane disposed over the upperside of said carrier plate, a second plate provided with an opening overlying the pump membrane, said opening being in registry with said upper end of said cannula, said opening being provided by an indentation and a bore in a second plate in axial alignment and in communication with each other, said indentation extending from the surface of the side of said second plate overlying the pump membrane to a point between the last mentioned surface and the surface of the upperside of the second plate, said bore extending from the surface of the upper.
  • the diameter of the portion of the bore at the surface of the upper side of the second plate being less than the diameter of the portion of the indentation at the surface of the side of the second plate overlying the pump membrane, means for moving the pump membrane so that a portion thereof is drawn into said indentation in the second plate whereby withdrawal of a predetermined amount of said liquid into said cannula occurs.
  • a micropipetting apparatus as defined in claim I which comprises a plurality of cannulas and openings whereby a plurality of substantially equal amounts of said liquid is withdrawn from said vessel containing said liquid.
  • a micropipetting apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein the means for moving the pump membrane is provided by a suction chamber overlying the pump membrane.
  • a micropipetting apparatus for pipetting a liquid comprising a liquid receiving cannula secured to a carrier plate and extending downwardly from the underside thereof, the upper end of said cannula extending to the upperside of the carrier plate, a pump membrane disposed over the upperside of said carrier plate, a second plate provided with an opening overlying the pump membrane, said opening being in registry with said upper end of said cannula, means for moving the pump membrane so that a portion thereof is drawn into said opening in the second plate whereby withdrawal of a predetermined amount of said liquid from a vessel containing said liquid into said cannula occurs and wherein the opening in the second plate comprise a large opening in the side of the plate adjacent the pump membrane and a smaller opening extending therefrom, the upper end of said smaller opening being in communication with a suction chamber.

Abstract

Apparatus for withdrawing minute quantities of a liquid medium into a liquid collecting apparatus. The so-obtained liquid medium is then transferred from the liquid collecting apparatus into a vessel containing another medium which interacts with the liquid medium collected to give information about the latter.

Description

waited States Patent [191 Lefkovits et al.
[ Apr. 30, 1974 MICROPIPETTING APPARATUS [75] Inventors: Ivan Lefkovits, Bettingen; Otto Kamber, Basel, both of Switzerland [73] Assignee: Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley,
[22] Filed: Oct. 6, 1972 21 Appl. No; 295,646
52 U.S.Cl. 73/425.6 51 Im. Cl B01] 3/02 [58] FieldofSearch ..222/263;73/425,4R,
[ 5 6 References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS Guinn 73/4256 3/1969 Wiggins ..73/425.6 3/1971 Lancaster 222/263 Primary ExaminerS. Clement Swisher Attorney, Agent, or Firm--Samuel L. Welt; Bernard S. Leon 5 7] ABSTRACT Apparatus for withdrawing minute quantities of a liquid medium into a liquid collecting apparatus. The soobtained liquid medium is then transferred from the liquid collecting apparatus into a vessel containing another medium which interacts with the liquid medium collected to give information about the latter.
7 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures PATENTEBAPNOIBN 313071235 SHEET 2 UF 2 FIG. 3
MICROPIPETTING APPARATUS DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a micropipetting apparatus. More particularly, it relates to a micropipetting apparatus adapted to simultaneously withdraw from a liquid containing vessel, very small samplings of a liquid, which samplings are substantially all of equal volume and are of a very small magnitude, i.e., of the order of a microliter.
Pipetting apparatuses which are capable of simultaneously withdrawing a plurality of samples of liquid to be pipetted are known. Such known apparatuses, however, are generally suitable for withdrawing amounts of liquid in excess of 25 microliters. In many instances, 25 microliters is much more than the amount needed and, thus, more liquid is withdrawn from the liquidcontaining medium than is needed for an intended purpose. Hence, waste of liquid and inefficiency result. I
The disadvantages in utilizing more liquid than is needed for study is particularly apparent in such fields as, for example, research with tissue cultures. In this field, because of the high expenses incurred in obtaining the liquids, amounts in the order of magnitude of a microliterare most preferably utilized for study.
With the general desire for miniaturization, there now exists the need for a pipetting apparatus of simple construction and yet which is suitable for the simultaneouspipetting of a plurality of equal amounts of liquid in the order of magnitude of about a microliter.
This desideratum is achieved by the micropipetting apparatus provided by the present invention which comprises a number of cannulas fastened to a carrier plate and a pump membrane fitted over the carrier plate, the pump membrane being in communication with a suction chamber by means of a perforated plate provided with indentations which are disposed in such a way that they each register with a cannula and determine the volume of the liquid which is to be pipetted.
The micropipetting apparatus provided by the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the cannula plate;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a part of a cannula plate;
FIG. 3 is a complete view of the micropipetting apparatus. v
The micropipetting apparatus comprises a cannula plate shown in FIG. 1 made of stainless steel material which consists of a carrier plate 2 having 60 cannulas 1 secured thereto. The cannulas are all of equal dimensions and are disposed on plate 2 in staggered relationship in six rows, each containing 10 cannulas.
Over the carrier plate 2, there is situated a flat pump membrane 3 which is made, for example, of rubber or of any suitable elastic synthetic material. The membrane 3 is supported on a plate 4 having 60 indentations 6. The transverse axis of each indentation 6 and the longitudinal axis of each of the cannulas are disposed along substantially the same line. In communication with each indentation is an opening 7. Opening 7 is disposed between pump membrane 3 and suction chamber 5. The indentations 6 are all of the same volume, i.e., of the order of magnitude of a microliter.
Fastening means is utilized to secure membrane 3 between plates 2 and 4 and section chamber 5 to plates 2 and 4 as shown in FIG. 1. Any suitable securing means of the type shown in FIG. 3 may be utilized as the fastening means.
In order to withdraw samples, the suction chamber 5 is placed under vacuum in a conventional manner, whereby an adjacent portion of the membrane is sucked into each indentation 6. An aliquot of liquid, which corresponds to the volume of an indentation 6 is withdrawn from a liquid containing vessel into each cannula.
In order to deliver the liquid samples to a liquid receiving vessel, it is sufficient to place the suction chamduced in the membrane by the suction.
FIG. 3 is a view of a preferred embodiment of the micropipetting apparatus provided by the present invention. The micropipetting apparatus shown in FIG. 3 can be operated as follows:
The microtitration plate 12, which has 6O recesses filled with culture media, is placed on a carrier plate 13. The cannulas 1 of the cannula plate are then lowered until they are each immersed in the culture media. By means of a foot pedal 14, the suction chamber 5 is placed under vacuum and 60 samplings are drawn into each of the respective cannulas. The microtitration plate 12 is removed and an agar plate or a plate having another nutrient medium thereon, is placed under the cannula plate 10. The vacuum condition which have been imparted to the suction chamber 5 is removed, whereby the liquid in the cannulas is discharged under the influence of gravity onto an agar plate or the like.
'We claim:
1. A micropipetting apparatus for pipetting a liquid comprising a liquid receiving cannula secured to a carrier plate and extending downwardly from the underside thereof, the upper end of said cannula extending to the upperside of the carrier plate, a pump membrane disposed over the upperside of said carrier plate, a second plate provided with an opening overlying the pump membrane, said opening being in registry with said upper end of said cannula, said opening being provided by an indentation and a bore in a second plate in axial alignment and in communication with each other, said indentation extending from the surface of the side of said second plate overlying the pump membrane to a point between the last mentioned surface and the surface of the upperside of the second plate, said bore extending from the surface of the upper. side of said second plate to said point, the diameter of the portion of the bore at the surface of the upper side of the second plate being less than the diameter of the portion of the indentation at the surface of the side of the second plate overlying the pump membrane, means for moving the pump membrane so that a portion thereof is drawn into said indentation in the second plate whereby withdrawal of a predetermined amount of said liquid into said cannula occurs.
2. .A micropipetting apparatus as defined in claim I which comprises a plurality of cannulas and openings whereby a plurality of substantially equal amounts of said liquid is withdrawn from said vessel containing said liquid.
3. A micropipetting apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein the means for moving the pump membrane is provided by a suction chamber overlying the pump membrane.
4. A micropipetting apparatus as defined in claim 3 wherein the plurality of cannulas are disposed in a staggered relationship.
5. A micropipetting apparatus for pipetting a liquid comprising a liquid receiving cannula secured to a carrier plate and extending downwardly from the underside thereof, the upper end of said cannula extending to the upperside of the carrier plate, a pump membrane disposed over the upperside of said carrier plate, a second plate provided with an opening overlying the pump membrane, said opening being in registry with said upper end of said cannula, means for moving the pump membrane so that a portion thereof is drawn into said opening in the second plate whereby withdrawal of a predetermined amount of said liquid from a vessel containing said liquid into said cannula occurs and wherein the opening in the second plate comprise a large opening in the side of the plate adjacent the pump membrane and a smaller opening extending therefrom, the upper end of said smaller opening being in communication with a suction chamber.
6. A micropipetting apparatus as defined in claim 5 wherein the magnitude of the liquid drawn into the cannula is of the order of a microliter.
7. A micropipetting apparatus as defined in claim 5 wherein the magnitude of the liquid drawn into the cannula is of the order of a microliter.
UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE CERTIFICATE 0F CORRECTION PATENT NO. 3,807,235 1 DATED April 30, 1974 INVENTOMS) IVAN LEFKOVITS AND OTTO KAMBER It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below: I r
Cover page, after "[21] Appl. No.: 295,646" insert:
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data e October 13, 1971 Switzerland No. 14,907/71 Signed and Sealed this O twenty-second Day Of Jane 1976 [SEAL] Arrest:
RUTH C. MASON C. MARSHALL DANN Arresting Officer (ommissirmer of Pa tents and Trademarks

Claims (7)

1. A micropipetting apparatus for pipetting a liquid comprising a liquid receiving cannula secured to a carrier plate and extending downwardly from the underside thereof, the upper end of said cannula extending to the upperside of the carrier plate, a pump membrane disposed over the upperside of said carrier plate, a second plate provided with an opening overlying the pump membrane, said opening being in registry with said upper end of said cannula, said opening being provided by an indentation and a bore in a second plate in axial alignment and in communication with each other, said indentation extending from the surface of the side of said second plate overlying the pump membrane to a point between the last mentioned surface and the surface of the upperside of the second plate, said bore extending from the surface of the upper side of said second plate to said point, the diameter of the portion of the bore at the surface of the upper side of the second plate being less than the diameter of the portion of the indentation at the surface of the side of the second plate overlying the pump membrane, means for moving the pump membrane so that a portion thereof is drawn into said indentation in the second plate whereby withdrawal of a predetermined amount of said liquid into said cannula occurs.
2. A micropipetting apparatus as defined in claim 1 which comprises a plurality of cannulas and openings whereby a plurality of substantially equal amounts of said liquid is withdrawn from said vessel containing said liquid.
3. A micropipetting apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein the means for moving the pump membrane is provided by a suction chamber overlying the pump membrane.
4. A micropipetting apparatus as defined in claim 3 wherein the plurality of cannulas are disposed in a staggered relationship.
5. A micropipetting apparatus for pipetting a liquid comprising a liquid receiving cannula secured to a carrier plate and extending downwardly from the underside thereof, the upper end of said cannula extending to the upperside of the carrier plate, a pump membrane Disposed over the upperside of said carrier plate, a second plate provided with an opening overlying the pump membrane, said opening being in registry with said upper end of said cannula, means for moving the pump membrane so that a portion thereof is drawn into said opening in the second plate whereby withdrawal of a predetermined amount of said liquid from a vessel containing said liquid into said cannula occurs and wherein the opening in the second plate comprise a large opening in the side of the plate adjacent the pump membrane and a smaller opening extending therefrom, the upper end of said smaller opening being in communication with a suction chamber.
6. A micropipetting apparatus as defined in claim 5 wherein the magnitude of the liquid drawn into the cannula is of the order of a microliter.
7. A micropipetting apparatus as defined in claim 5 wherein the magnitude of the liquid drawn into the cannula is of the order of a microliter.
US00295646A 1971-10-13 1972-10-06 Micropipetting apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3807235A (en)

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Cited By (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3982438A (en) * 1975-06-23 1976-09-28 The Salk Institute For Biological Studies Multiple sample pipetting apparatus
US4047438A (en) * 1975-04-04 1977-09-13 Teruaki Sekine Liquid quantitative dispensing apparatus
US4158035A (en) * 1978-03-15 1979-06-12 Byrd William J Multiple sample micropipette
EP0135985A2 (en) * 1983-08-29 1985-04-03 Becton Dickinson and Company Dispenser apparatus
US4511534A (en) * 1982-05-26 1985-04-16 John T. Bennett Liquid transfer device
US4532805A (en) * 1984-05-29 1985-08-06 Flesher Robert W Pipette system
US4626509A (en) * 1983-07-11 1986-12-02 Data Packaging Corp. Culture media transfer assembly
US5092184A (en) * 1989-12-22 1992-03-03 Medical Research Institute Of The Mary Imogene Bassett Hospital Cell staining system for flow cytometry
US5343909A (en) * 1992-12-17 1994-09-06 Jack Goodman Liquid transfer device
WO1998026872A1 (en) * 1996-12-18 1998-06-25 Ansys, Inc. Method for conducting assays and separations for components of interest in fluid samples
US5920009A (en) * 1996-12-20 1999-07-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for generating a certain constant pressure in a test liquid of a test apparatus
US6024925A (en) * 1997-01-23 2000-02-15 Sequenom, Inc. Systems and methods for preparing low volume analyte array elements
US6140053A (en) * 1996-11-06 2000-10-31 Sequenom, Inc. DNA sequencing by mass spectrometry via exonuclease degradation
US6254826B1 (en) 1997-11-14 2001-07-03 Gen-Probe Incorporated Assay work station
US6268131B1 (en) 1997-12-15 2001-07-31 Sequenom, Inc. Mass spectrometric methods for sequencing nucleic acids
US6428955B1 (en) 1995-03-17 2002-08-06 Sequenom, Inc. DNA diagnostics based on mass spectrometry
US6468748B1 (en) 1996-03-04 2002-10-22 Sequenom, Inc. Methods of screening nucleic acids using volatile salts in mass spectrometry
US20030022225A1 (en) * 1996-12-10 2003-01-30 Monforte Joseph A. Releasable nonvolatile mass-label molecules
US6558902B1 (en) 1998-05-07 2003-05-06 Sequenom, Inc. Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric analysis of macromolecules
US6566055B1 (en) 1996-09-19 2003-05-20 Sequenom, Inc. Methods of preparing nucleic acids for mass spectrometric analysis
US20030096258A1 (en) * 1992-11-06 2003-05-22 Dong-Jing Fu Solid phase sequencing of double-stranded nucleic acids
US6660229B2 (en) 2000-06-13 2003-12-09 The Trustees Of Boston University Use of nucleotide analogs in the analysis of oligonucleotide mixtures and in highly multiplexed nucleic acid sequencing
US20040191924A1 (en) * 1998-01-12 2004-09-30 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Reformatted through-hole arrays
US6818394B1 (en) 1996-11-06 2004-11-16 Sequenom, Inc. High density immobilization of nucleic acids
US20060024841A1 (en) * 2000-10-30 2006-02-02 Sequenom, Inc. Method and apparatus for delivery of submicroliter volumes onto a substrate
US20060063193A1 (en) * 1995-04-11 2006-03-23 Dong-Jing Fu Solid phase sequencing of double-stranded nucleic acids
US20070016160A1 (en) * 2005-07-07 2007-01-18 Eisai Co., Ltd. Recovery system
US7198893B1 (en) 1996-11-06 2007-04-03 Sequenom, Inc. DNA diagnostics based on mass spectrometry
US7285422B1 (en) 1997-01-23 2007-10-23 Sequenom, Inc. Systems and methods for preparing and analyzing low volume analyte array elements
US20080156377A1 (en) * 2006-12-29 2008-07-03 Brad Mann Recovery system
US20090181463A1 (en) * 2006-05-03 2009-07-16 Ncl New Concept Lab Gmbh Device and method for chemical, biochemical, biological and physical analysis, re-action, assay and more
US7759065B2 (en) 1995-03-17 2010-07-20 Sequenom, Inc. Mass spectrometric methods for detecting mutations in a target nucleic acid
US7803529B1 (en) 1995-04-11 2010-09-28 Sequenom, Inc. Solid phase sequencing of biopolymers
US9068953B2 (en) 2007-09-17 2015-06-30 Agena Bioscience, Inc. Integrated robotic sample transfer device

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Cited By (60)

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US4047438A (en) * 1975-04-04 1977-09-13 Teruaki Sekine Liquid quantitative dispensing apparatus
US3982438A (en) * 1975-06-23 1976-09-28 The Salk Institute For Biological Studies Multiple sample pipetting apparatus
US4158035A (en) * 1978-03-15 1979-06-12 Byrd William J Multiple sample micropipette
US4511534A (en) * 1982-05-26 1985-04-16 John T. Bennett Liquid transfer device
US4626509A (en) * 1983-07-11 1986-12-02 Data Packaging Corp. Culture media transfer assembly
EP0135985A2 (en) * 1983-08-29 1985-04-03 Becton Dickinson and Company Dispenser apparatus
US4537231A (en) * 1983-08-29 1985-08-27 Becton, Dickinson And Company Dispenser apparatus for simultaneously dispensing predetermined equal volumes of liquid including a disposable dispenser module
EP0135985A3 (en) * 1983-08-29 1986-03-05 Becton Dickinson and Company Dispenser apparatus
US4532805A (en) * 1984-05-29 1985-08-06 Flesher Robert W Pipette system
US5092184A (en) * 1989-12-22 1992-03-03 Medical Research Institute Of The Mary Imogene Bassett Hospital Cell staining system for flow cytometry
US20030096258A1 (en) * 1992-11-06 2003-05-22 Dong-Jing Fu Solid phase sequencing of double-stranded nucleic acids
US6991903B2 (en) 1992-11-06 2006-01-31 Sequenom, Inc. Solid phase sequencing of double-stranded nucleic acids
US5343909A (en) * 1992-12-17 1994-09-06 Jack Goodman Liquid transfer device
WO1995000392A1 (en) * 1993-06-25 1995-01-05 Jack Goodman Liquid transfer device
US7759065B2 (en) 1995-03-17 2010-07-20 Sequenom, Inc. Mass spectrometric methods for detecting mutations in a target nucleic acid
US6428955B1 (en) 1995-03-17 2002-08-06 Sequenom, Inc. DNA diagnostics based on mass spectrometry
US20060063193A1 (en) * 1995-04-11 2006-03-23 Dong-Jing Fu Solid phase sequencing of double-stranded nucleic acids
US8758995B2 (en) 1995-04-11 2014-06-24 Sequenom, Inc. Solid phase sequencing of biopolymers
US20110172111A1 (en) * 1995-04-11 2011-07-14 Sequenom, Inc. Solid phase sequencing of biopolymers
US7803529B1 (en) 1995-04-11 2010-09-28 Sequenom, Inc. Solid phase sequencing of biopolymers
US20030113745A1 (en) * 1996-03-04 2003-06-19 Monforte Joseph A. Methods of screening nucleic acids using mass spectrometry
US6468748B1 (en) 1996-03-04 2002-10-22 Sequenom, Inc. Methods of screening nucleic acids using volatile salts in mass spectrometry
US6566055B1 (en) 1996-09-19 2003-05-20 Sequenom, Inc. Methods of preparing nucleic acids for mass spectrometric analysis
US20090023150A1 (en) * 1996-11-06 2009-01-22 Sequenom, Inc. DNA Diagnostics Based on Mass Spectrometry
US7198893B1 (en) 1996-11-06 2007-04-03 Sequenom, Inc. DNA diagnostics based on mass spectrometry
US7501251B2 (en) 1996-11-06 2009-03-10 Sequenom, Inc. DNA diagnostics based on mass spectrometry
US6140053A (en) * 1996-11-06 2000-10-31 Sequenom, Inc. DNA sequencing by mass spectrometry via exonuclease degradation
US6818394B1 (en) 1996-11-06 2004-11-16 Sequenom, Inc. High density immobilization of nucleic acids
US8486623B2 (en) 1996-12-10 2013-07-16 Sequenom, Inc. Releasable nonvolatile mass-label molecules
US6635452B1 (en) 1996-12-10 2003-10-21 Sequenom Inc. Releasable nonvolatile mass label molecules
US20030022225A1 (en) * 1996-12-10 2003-01-30 Monforte Joseph A. Releasable nonvolatile mass-label molecules
US7132519B2 (en) 1996-12-10 2006-11-07 Sequenom, Inc. Releasable nonvolatile mass-label molecules
WO1998026872A1 (en) * 1996-12-18 1998-06-25 Ansys, Inc. Method for conducting assays and separations for components of interest in fluid samples
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4847891A (en) 1973-07-06
FR2157473A5 (en) 1973-06-01
DE2244968A1 (en) 1973-04-19
GB1363540A (en) 1974-08-14
NL7211704A (en) 1973-04-17
CH543306A (en) 1973-10-31

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