US3843762A - Method of making filament - Google Patents

Method of making filament Download PDF

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Publication number
US3843762A
US3843762A US00365083A US36508373A US3843762A US 3843762 A US3843762 A US 3843762A US 00365083 A US00365083 A US 00365083A US 36508373 A US36508373 A US 36508373A US 3843762 A US3843762 A US 3843762A
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edge
filament
cooling liquid
circumferential edge
molten
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US00365083A
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G Sleigh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/005—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of wire

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  • the present invention relates to the art of making elongated filamentary articles by rotating a heatextracting member in contact with a source of molten material and solidifying a portion of the molten material as a filamentary product on the surface of the rotat' ing member where it spontaneously releases and is subsequently collected.
  • Prior art methods of producing filamentary articles conventionally comprise casting and repeated mechanical deformation techniques disposed to sequentially reduce the cross-sectional area of the elongated member.
  • the complexity and cost of such operations have created along standing demand for amethod of forming filamentary material directly from the material in the molten state.
  • One proposed method involves the use of a rotating heat-extracting member in contact with the surface of a source of molten material.
  • the member is shaped so as to limit the area introduced to the molten material and thereby solidify a filamentary article adherent thereto.
  • the adherent filament is subsequently released from the forming member and is then collected.
  • the spontaneous release of the previously adherent filamentary article is most important since the speed of operation and the size of the filament preclude the use of any scraping means to insure filament release.
  • the edge of the heat-extracting member is in contact with molten materials having high melting points (e.g., over 1,000 C) the resultant erosion and oxidation of the forming edge inhibits spontaneous release of the filament. While the use of internal circulation of cooling fluids within the member can reduce this effect the present invention substantially reduces the oxidation and erosion of the circumferential edge by applying an external film of cooling liquid to the edge.
  • the present invention comprises the application of a liquid film to the external edge of a disk-like heatextracting member forming filamentary material by contacting the surface of a supply of molten material and solidifying a portion of that material on the circumferential edge of the heat-extracting member.
  • Prior art techniques are hindered by the erosion or oxidation of this edge which effects the spontaneous release of the filaments formed thereon.
  • the present invention insures spontaneous release of the filament by preventing excessive heatbuildup at the edge and thereby preventing oxidation or erosion of the circumferential edge of the heatextracting member.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial cross section showing one embodiment of the present invention in side view.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the embodiment of FIG. 1 rotated 90.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the heatextracting member showing the operation of the present invention including the use of the internal coolant as the supply for the external cooling film.
  • the present invention is an improvement of a filament forming method operable with materials that, in
  • the moltenmaterials operable with thepresent'invention must have (at a temperature within 25 percent of their equilibrium melting point in degrees Kelvin): a surface tension in the range of from to 2,500 dynes/cm, a viscosity in the range of from l0 to l poise and a reasonably discrete melting point (Le, a discontinuous viscosity versus temperature curve).
  • a rotating heat-extracting member generally in the manner shown in FIG. 1.
  • the molten material 10 is contacted at thesurface 11 by the circumferential edge 32 of the rotating heatextracting member 30.
  • the circumferential edge 32 is V-shaped with the apex of the V in contact with the melt surface 11.
  • a filamentary product is formed on the edge 32.
  • the rotation of the member causes the edge 32 to be continuously advanced through the melt surface ll'as-well as promoting the spontaneous release of the filament 20 from the edge at the release point 35.
  • the improvement of the process resides in the application of a cooling filmto the circumferential edge of the heat-extracting memberand the means shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 include a supporting member 40 containing a porous member 41 exposed to the application of a cooling liquid shown here simply as a tube 42 and a flow regulating valve 43; The porous member 41 isin contact with the circumferential edge 32 of the rotating member 30.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 is in no way the only operable means of applying the cooling film.
  • Other means would include the use of liquid sprays or aerosols, the direct application of the liquid to the edge etc.
  • the inventive concept of the present invention is not the means used to apply the cooling film and one having ordinary skill in the art can readily devise means of dispensing and applying liquid to the edge using means not specifically described herein.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the invention where the source of the cooling film is the liquid coolant circulating within the heat-extracting member.
  • the member 30 is formed so as to allow a liquid coolant 50 to circulate internally so as to increase the capacity of the member 30 to remove heat from the molten material 10.
  • the member 30 in this embodiment includes a porous section 38 that allows a portion of the internal coolant 50 to pass from the internal cavity onto the surface of the member 30 in the form of a cooling film. Furthermore, if the porosity of member were controlled to yield an appropriate flow rate of coolant to the surface the entire heat-extracting member may be porous.
  • the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the heat-extracting member induces the flow of the film toward the circumferential edge 32 thereby placing the cooling film at the most critical location irrespective of the means used to place the film on the external surface of member 30.
  • the edge 32 of the heatextracting member is further cooled and oxidation and erosion at that location are significantly inhibited. With the condition of the edge stabilized by the inhibition of oxidation and erosion the spontaneous release of the filament is insured.
  • the present invention may be used solely or in conjunction with intemal disk cooling and such a combination has been used successfully in preventing oxidation or erosion of a metal disk used to produce continuous filament from a source of molten steel. While continuous filament is specifically disclosed and illustrated in the figures the present invention is also applicable to a heat-extracting member having indentations on its circumferential edge of a depth greater than the diameter of the filament formed disposed to attenuatethe solidified filament into discontinuous filament having a length approximating the distance between indentations.
  • FIG. 3 also illustrates the configuration of the preferred embodiment of the circumferential edge 32.
  • the member 30 has a thickness indicated as T and it preferably is in the range of from 0.10 to 2.0 inches.
  • the radius R of the disk preferably is in the range of from 2 to inches and the radius of curvature r of the edge 32 is preferably in the range of from 0.0005 to 0.10 inch.
  • the edge 32 is passed through the surface of the melt at a linear rate in excess of 3 ft/sec.
  • the liquid used as the coolant may be water or any liquid that does not chemically attach the molten material or the material comprising the disk.
  • the coolant should be chemically unreactive with the atmosphere surrounding the process at the operating temperature and preferably be non-flammable.

Abstract

A method of insuring the spontaneous release of a filament formed by contacting the surface of a molten material with the circumferential edge of a rotating heat-extracting member by applying a film of cooling liquid to the external surface of the circumferential edge.

Description

PATENTEBUBI 22 m4 3.843762 SHED 1 0F 2 Fig. I
States Patent 11 1 1111 3,843,762 Sleigh 1 Oct. 22, 1974 METHOD OF MAKING FILAMENT 7,315 3/1910 (11.3111 1311111111 .1 164/87 0 45-5243 2 7) 1 1 .t 2 3 [76] Inventor: Gordon Sleigh, 95 Meriton Rd., H9 Jlpm 164/ 8 Handforth, Wilmslow, England Primary Examiner-R. Spencer Annear [22] May 1973 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Stephen L. Peterson [2]] Appl. No.: 365,083
52 11.5.0 264/213, 264/8, 264/215, 7 ABSTRACT 164/87 [64/283 M A method of insuring the spontaneous release of a fila- [51] Int. Cl. B22cl 13/00, DOld 5/00 58 M fs h 164/87 276 283 R 283 ment formed by contacting the surface of a molten 1 0 264i; 212 i material with the circumferential edge of a rotating heat-extracting member by applying a film of cooling References Cited to the external surface of the circumferential FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 1961.957 9/1970 Germany 1. 164/278 6 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures METHOD OF MAKING FILAMENT BACKGROUND OF INVENTION The present invention relates to the art of making elongated filamentary articles by rotating a heatextracting member in contact with a source of molten material and solidifying a portion of the molten material as a filamentary product on the surface of the rotat' ing member where it spontaneously releases and is subsequently collected.
Prior art methods of producing filamentary articles conventionally comprise casting and repeated mechanical deformation techniques disposed to sequentially reduce the cross-sectional area of the elongated member. The complexity and cost of such operations have created along standing demand for amethod of forming filamentary material directly from the material in the molten state.
One proposed method involves the use of a rotating heat-extracting member in contact with the surface of a source of molten material. The member is shaped so as to limit the area introduced to the molten material and thereby solidify a filamentary article adherent thereto. The adherent filament is subsequently released from the forming member and is then collected. The spontaneous release of the previously adherent filamentary article is most important since the speed of operation and the size of the filament preclude the use of any scraping means to insure filament release. Furthermore, where the edge of the heat-extracting member is in contact with molten materials having high melting points (e.g., over 1,000 C) the resultant erosion and oxidation of the forming edge inhibits spontaneous release of the filament. While the use of internal circulation of cooling fluids within the member can reduce this effect the present invention substantially reduces the oxidation and erosion of the circumferential edge by applying an external film of cooling liquid to the edge.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention comprises the application of a liquid film to the external edge of a disk-like heatextracting member forming filamentary material by contacting the surface of a supply of molten material and solidifying a portion of that material on the circumferential edge of the heat-extracting member. Prior art techniques are hindered by the erosion or oxidation of this edge which effects the spontaneous release of the filaments formed thereon. In improving the cooling of the edge the present invention insures spontaneous release of the filament by preventing excessive heatbuildup at the edge and thereby preventing oxidation or erosion of the circumferential edge of the heatextracting member.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a partial cross section showing one embodiment of the present invention in side view.
FIG. 2 illustrates the embodiment of FIG. 1 rotated 90.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the heatextracting member showing the operation of the present invention including the use of the internal coolant as the supply for the external cooling film.
2 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF HE INVENTION The present invention is an improvement of a filament forming method operable with materials that, in
their molten state, have properties similar to those of I molten metals. Specifically the moltenmaterials operable with thepresent'invention must have (at a temperature within 25 percent of their equilibrium melting point in degrees Kelvin): a surface tension in the range of from to 2,500 dynes/cm, a viscosity in the range of from l0 to l poise and a reasonably discrete melting point (Le, a discontinuous viscosity versus temperature curve). Such molten materials are contacted on their surface by a rotating heat-extracting member generally in the manner shown in FIG. 1. I
The molten material 10 is contacted at thesurface 11 by the circumferential edge 32 of the rotating heatextracting member 30. In the embodimentshown the circumferential edge 32 is V-shaped with the apex of the V in contact with the melt surface 11. Byremoving heat from the molten material 10 a filamentary product is formed on the edge 32. The rotation of the member causes the edge 32 to be continuously advanced through the melt surface ll'as-well as promoting the spontaneous release of the filament 20 from the edge at the release point 35. y
The improvement of the process resides in the application of a cooling filmto the circumferential edge of the heat-extracting memberand the means shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 include a supporting member 40 containing a porous member 41 exposed to the application of a cooling liquid shown here simply as a tube 42 and a flow regulating valve 43; The porous member 41 isin contact with the circumferential edge 32 of the rotating member 30.
The embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is in no way the only operable means of applying the cooling film. Other means would include the use of liquid sprays or aerosols, the direct application of the liquid to the edge etc. The inventive concept of the present invention is not the means used to apply the cooling film and one having ordinary skill in the art can readily devise means of dispensing and applying liquid to the edge using means not specifically described herein.
FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the invention where the source of the cooling film is the liquid coolant circulating within the heat-extracting member. The member 30 is formed so as to allow a liquid coolant 50 to circulate internally so as to increase the capacity of the member 30 to remove heat from the molten material 10. The member 30 in this embodiment includes a porous section 38 that allows a portion of the internal coolant 50 to pass from the internal cavity onto the surface of the member 30 in the form of a cooling film. Furthermore, if the porosity of member were controlled to yield an appropriate flow rate of coolant to the surface the entire heat-extracting member may be porous.
The centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the heat-extracting member induces the flow of the film toward the circumferential edge 32 thereby placing the cooling film at the most critical location irrespective of the means used to place the film on the external surface of member 30. In this manner the edge 32 of the heatextracting member is further cooled and oxidation and erosion at that location are significantly inhibited. With the condition of the edge stabilized by the inhibition of oxidation and erosion the spontaneous release of the filament is insured.
The present invention may be used solely or in conjunction with intemal disk cooling and such a combination has been used successfully in preventing oxidation or erosion of a metal disk used to produce continuous filament from a source of molten steel. While continuous filament is specifically disclosed and illustrated in the figures the present invention is also applicable to a heat-extracting member having indentations on its circumferential edge of a depth greater than the diameter of the filament formed disposed to attenuatethe solidified filament into discontinuous filament having a length approximating the distance between indentations.
FIG. 3 also illustrates the configuration of the preferred embodiment of the circumferential edge 32. The member 30 has a thickness indicated as T and it preferably is in the range of from 0.10 to 2.0 inches. The radius R of the disk preferably is in the range of from 2 to inches and the radius of curvature r of the edge 32 is preferably in the range of from 0.0005 to 0.10 inch. The edge 32 is passed through the surface of the melt at a linear rate in excess of 3 ft/sec.
The liquid used as the coolant may be water or any liquid that does not chemically attach the molten material or the material comprising the disk. The coolant should be chemically unreactive with the atmosphere surrounding the process at the operating temperature and preferably be non-flammable.
I claim:
1. In a method of forming filamentary material from a source of molten material havingproperties in the molten-state substantially similar to molten metals by rotating the circumferential edge of a disk-like heatextracting member in contact with the surface of said molten material while limiting the area'of contact of said edge with said surface, solidifying said material in solid filamentary form on said edge and spontaneously releasing the filament from said edge the improvement comprising:
applying a film of cooling liquid externally to said edge at a point between the location of spontaneous filament release and the point where said edge enters the surface of said molten material. I 2. The method of claim 1 where said disk-like heatextracting member is internally cooled by circulation of liquid therethrough with a portion of the internal cooling liquid passing through said member so as to form an external film of cooling liquid.
attenuate the filament into discontinuous lengths.

Claims (6)

1. In a method of forming filamentary material from a source of molten material having properties in the molten state substantially similar to molten metals by rotating the circumferential edge of a disk-like heat-extracting member in contact with the surface of said molten material while limiting the area of contact of said edge with said surface, solidifying said material in solid filamentary form on said edge and spontaneously releasing the filament from said edge the improvement comprising: applying a film of cooling liquid externally to said edge at a point between the location of spontaneous filament release and the point where said edge enters the surface of said molten material.
2. The method of claim 1 where said disk-like heat-extracting member is internally cooled by circulation of liquid therethrough with a portion of the internal cooling liquid passing through said member so as to form an external film of cooling liquid.
3. The method of claim 1 where said film is produced by directly applying said cooling liquid to said circumferential edge.
4. The method of claim 3 where said cooling liquid is applied to a porous medium in contact with said circumferential edge.
5. The method of claim 3 where said cooling liquid is applied to said circumferential edge in the form of a liquid spray.
6. The method of claim 1 including the step of providing notches on said circumferential edge disposed to attenuate the filament into discontinuous lengths.
US00365083A 1973-05-30 1973-05-30 Method of making filament Expired - Lifetime US3843762A (en)

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3908745A (en) * 1974-06-21 1975-09-30 Nl Industries Inc Method and means for producing filaments of uniform configuration
US3976119A (en) * 1974-11-19 1976-08-24 Southwire Company Apparaus for applying a fluid coating to a movable endless casting surface
US4124664A (en) * 1976-11-30 1978-11-07 Battelle Development Corporation Formation of filaments directly from an unconfined source of molten material
FR2395090A1 (en) * 1977-06-22 1979-01-19 Johnson & Nephew Ambergate Ltd METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING FILIFORN METAL BY EJECTING A BATH OF MELTED METAL BY A ROTATING ORGAN
US4150708A (en) * 1977-12-05 1979-04-24 Gte Sylvania Incorporated Apparatus and method of making filaments
US4551291A (en) * 1982-06-23 1985-11-05 Atlantic Richfield Company Surface improvement of semiconductors in high speed casting
US6162360A (en) * 1997-12-29 2000-12-19 Monsanto Company Membrane process for making enhanced flavor fluids
US6579343B2 (en) * 2001-03-30 2003-06-17 University Of Notre Dame Du Lac Purification of gas with liquid ionic compounds
WO2011056895A1 (en) 2009-11-03 2011-05-12 University Of Notre Dame Du Lac Ionic liquids comprising heteraromatic anions

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3908745A (en) * 1974-06-21 1975-09-30 Nl Industries Inc Method and means for producing filaments of uniform configuration
US3976119A (en) * 1974-11-19 1976-08-24 Southwire Company Apparaus for applying a fluid coating to a movable endless casting surface
US4124664A (en) * 1976-11-30 1978-11-07 Battelle Development Corporation Formation of filaments directly from an unconfined source of molten material
FR2395090A1 (en) * 1977-06-22 1979-01-19 Johnson & Nephew Ambergate Ltd METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING FILIFORN METAL BY EJECTING A BATH OF MELTED METAL BY A ROTATING ORGAN
US4150708A (en) * 1977-12-05 1979-04-24 Gte Sylvania Incorporated Apparatus and method of making filaments
US4551291A (en) * 1982-06-23 1985-11-05 Atlantic Richfield Company Surface improvement of semiconductors in high speed casting
US6162360A (en) * 1997-12-29 2000-12-19 Monsanto Company Membrane process for making enhanced flavor fluids
US6419829B2 (en) 1997-12-29 2002-07-16 Spectrum Laboratories, Inc. Membrane process for making enhanced flavor fluids
US6579343B2 (en) * 2001-03-30 2003-06-17 University Of Notre Dame Du Lac Purification of gas with liquid ionic compounds
WO2011056895A1 (en) 2009-11-03 2011-05-12 University Of Notre Dame Du Lac Ionic liquids comprising heteraromatic anions
US10259788B2 (en) 2009-11-03 2019-04-16 University Of Notre Dame Du Lac Ionic liquids comprising heteraromatic anions
US10889544B2 (en) 2009-11-03 2021-01-12 University Of Notre Dame Du Lac Ionic liquids comprising heteraromatic anions

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