US3925653A - Apparatus for transforming electronics signals between the time and frequency domains utilizing acoustic waves - Google Patents

Apparatus for transforming electronics signals between the time and frequency domains utilizing acoustic waves Download PDF

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US3925653A
US3925653A US434965A US43496574A US3925653A US 3925653 A US3925653 A US 3925653A US 434965 A US434965 A US 434965A US 43496574 A US43496574 A US 43496574A US 3925653 A US3925653 A US 3925653A
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signal
chirp
transforming
electronic
time
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US434965A
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Oberdan W Otto
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Leland Stanford Junior University
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Leland Stanford Junior University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06G—ANALOGUE COMPUTERS
    • G06G7/00—Devices in which the computing operation is performed by varying electric or magnetic quantities
    • G06G7/12—Arrangements for performing computing operations, e.g. operational amplifiers
    • G06G7/19—Arrangements for performing computing operations, e.g. operational amplifiers for forming integrals of products, e.g. Fourier integrals, Laplace integrals, correlation integrals; for analysis or synthesis of functions using orthogonal functions
    • G06G7/195—Arrangements for performing computing operations, e.g. operational amplifiers for forming integrals of products, e.g. Fourier integrals, Laplace integrals, correlation integrals; for analysis or synthesis of functions using orthogonal functions using electro- acoustic elements

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  • the present invention relates to the processing of electronic signals and more particularly to apparatus for transforming signals between the time and frequency domains through utilization of acoustic waves.
  • time and frequency domain e.g. Fourier transform
  • the mixing means can take the form of a conventional electronic signal mixer.
  • the mixed signal can be applied through a suitable transducer to generate an acoustic signal in a piezoelectric medium arranged to provide a convolution operation equivalent to the mentioned Fresnel transformation.
  • means to provide a final mixing of the convoluted output with a chirp produces the final multiplication operation and the ultimate completed transformation.
  • the input modulated electronic signal to be transformed at a RF. frequency w is delivered to a conventional radio frequency mixer 14.
  • a tunable radio frequency chirp generator 12 is arranged to generate a chirp signal at a frequency w-w +6 with a linear frequency ramp which may extend over a frequency range 8 of 18 MHZ and have an overall pulse length sufficient to encompass the length of the input signal, and the chirp signal is also delivered to the mixer 14 which performs the electronic analogue of the mentioned multiplication and the mixed signals are delivered at the sum frequency, (0+5, (e.g. 200 MHz) to an 0 electro-acoustic interdigital transducer 18 on the surface of a piezoelectric medium 16 so as to generate an acoustic wave whichtravels to the right as viewed in the FIGURE.
  • the mixer 14 which performs the electronic analogue of the mentioned multiplication and the mixed signals are delivered at the sum frequency, (0+5, (e.g. 200 MHz) to an 0 electro-acoustic interdigital transducer 18 on the surface of a piezoelectric medium 16 so as to generate an acoustic wave whichtravel
  • the RF. chirp signal is also delivered to a time inverter 20 which essentially reverses the slope of its linear frequency ramp so that the chirp frequency is now droo -8.
  • The'time inverter 20 may be an acoustic inverter as described in detail in the mentioned US. Pat.
  • the time inverted chirp may be generated by the common technique of spectral inversion of the original chirp.
  • the inverted chirp is applied to another mixer 19 together with a continuous radio frequency signal at (0 from a tunable generator 21, to develop a mixed output at a frequency, ctr-8.
  • This mixed signal is then applied to the opposite end of the piezoelectric medium 16 through another interdigital transducer 22 so to generate an acoustic wave which travels to the left as viewed in the FIGURE and because of such opposite direction of travel, the RF. chirps from the left and right transducers will have equivalent configurations in the piezoelectric medium.
  • Frequency conservation and phase matching conditions between the two acoustic signals are attained within the piezoelectric medium 16 so that parametric interaction occurs as explained in some detail in the mentioned US. Pat. No. 3,760,l72 and the acoustic energy is extracted by an acoustic detector 24 in the form of plates on the upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric medium 16 to provide the convolution of the two signals, which, in turn, as previously mentioned, provides a Fresnel transformation.
  • the convolution operation provides addition of the basic radio frequencies and because of the opposite signal propagation, quadruples the chirp slope, thus providing an output signal at 2w+45.
  • the detector (plate) length is greater than the length occupied by the signal so that the entire signal will undergo the parametric interaction.
  • the final multiplication is provided by a mixer 28 that combines the convoluted output at frequency 2w+45 with another chirp which can, in the present instance, be readily obtained by quadrupling the frequency with a conventional frequency quadrupler 26 of the generated R.F. input chirp mixed in another mixer 30 with the continuous wave signal from the c.w. radio frequency generator 21 to provide a frequency 4111-1-48.
  • the output of the mixer 28 is then the Fourier Transform of the input signal at a frequency 2m and it is to be particularly observed that such output is obtained in real time.
  • Apparatus for transforming an electronic signal which comprises means for time-inverting said chirp signal, means for generating a c.w. radio frequency signal, means for mixing the time-inverted chirp signal with the c.w. signal, and wherein said transducer means includes a first transducer for applying the mixed electronic signal and said chirp signal to one end of said piezoelectric medium, and a second transducer for applying the mixed inverted chirp signal and c.w. signal to the opposite end of said piezoelectric medium so that the acoustic signals from said transducers propagate in opposite directions.
  • said detector means constitutes a plate detector having a length greater than that occupied by the signal to be transformed in said piezoelectric medium.

Abstract

Apparatus for transforming electronic signals between the time domain and frequency domain in real time which comprises means for mixing the signal to be transformed with a predetermined chirp (variable frequency signal) in an acoustic wave convolver.

Description

United States Patent Otto [ Dec. 9, 1975 Inventor:
Assignee:
Filed:
Oberdan W. Otto, I908 Angeles, Calif.
Board of Trustees of-Leland Stanford Jr. University, Stanford, Calif.
Jan. 21, 1974 Appl. No.: 434,965
US. Cl 235/181; 235/193; 324/77 B;
333/30; 333/72; 343/100 CL Int. Cl. G06G 7/19; HOlL 41/00 Field of Search 235/181, 193; 310/8.1;
324/77 R, 77 B; 333/30, 72; 343/100 CL;
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,760,172 9/1973 Quote 235/181 3,770,949 11/1973 Whitehouse et al. 235/181 3,774,019 11/1973 Cook 235/181 3,816,753 6/1974 Kino 310/81 3,833,867 9/1974 Solie 235/181 Primary ExaminerFelix D. Gruber Attorney, Agent, or FirmPaul B. Fihe ABSTRACT Apparatus for transforming electronic signals between the time domain-and frequency domain in real time which comprises means for mixing the signal to be transformed with a predetermined chirp (van'able frequency signal) i n an acoustic wave convolver.
4 Claims, 1 Drawing figure INPUT SIGNAL MIXER OUTPUT FREQUENCY M'XER QUADRLPLER 12 zo R.F. CHIRP JL 4 TIME GENERATOR (at- H8) ,ao INVERTER twv 8) RF (WI) 1 MIXER \9 GENERATOR MIXER US. Patent Dec. 9, 1975 3,925,653
TEEL MIXER OUTPUT FREQUENCY M'XER QUADRUPLER 2.0 R.F. CHIRP A A TIME GENERATOR -E s) 3o INVERTER I (o- \-S') 19 RF. (owl) M'XER J 8) APPARATUS FOR TRANSFORMING ELECTRONICS SIGNALS BETWEEN THE TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAINS UTILIZING ACOUSTIC WAVES FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the processing of electronic signals and more particularly to apparatus for transforming signals between the time and frequency domains through utilization of acoustic waves.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION It has been observed that a Fresnel transformation takes the mathematical form of convolution and moreover that initial multiplication of a signal by a complex chirp, then a Fresnel transformation, (convolution) and finally multiplication by a complex chirp provides a Fourier transformation. For example, L. Mertz has discussed this transformation relationship in Transformations in Optics (Wiley 1965) at pages 83 and 94.
The operation of convolution (and correlation) has been carried out through the parametric interaction of acoustic waves as explained in US. Pat. No. 3,760,172 issued Sept. 18, 1973, to Calvin F. Quate, and a large number of additional acoustic convolvers have been developed such as described in the Otto article entitled Lithium-Niobate Silicon Surface Wave Convoluter in ELECTRONICS LETTERS, Volume 8, No. 24.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION It is the general objective of the present invention to provide apparatus for transforming an electronic signal between the time and frequency domain (e.g. Fourier transform) through utilization of suitable signal mixing and acoustic wave convolution.
Such objective is achieved generally through the mixing of the signal to be transformed with a complex chirp, thus to correspond to the mathematical multiplication mentioned hereinabove. The mixing means can take the form of a conventional electronic signal mixer. The mixed signal can be applied through a suitable transducer to generate an acoustic signal in a piezoelectric medium arranged to provide a convolution operation equivalent to the mentioned Fresnel transformation. Finally, means to provide a final mixing of the convoluted output with a chirp produces the final multiplication operation and the ultimate completed transformation.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING The stated objective of the invention and the manner in which it is achieved, as summarized hereinabove, will be more fully understood by reference to the following detailed description of the exemplary apparatus depicted in the accompanying drawing wherein the single FIGURE constitutes a diagrammatic showing of electro-acoustic apparatus for obtaining the Fourier Transform of an arbitrary electronic signal.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION As illustrated diagrammatically, the input modulated electronic signal to be transformed at a RF. frequency w, is delivered to a conventional radio frequency mixer 14.
2 A tunable radio frequency chirp generator 12 is arranged to generate a chirp signal at a frequency w-w +6 with a linear frequency ramp which may extend over a frequency range 8 of 18 MHZ and have an overall pulse length sufficient to encompass the length of the input signal, and the chirp signal is also delivered to the mixer 14 which performs the electronic analogue of the mentioned multiplication and the mixed signals are delivered at the sum frequency, (0+5, (e.g. 200 MHz) to an 0 electro-acoustic interdigital transducer 18 on the surface of a piezoelectric medium 16 so as to generate an acoustic wave whichtravels to the right as viewed in the FIGURE. Such form of transducer and acoustic wave generation are discussed in more detail in US. Pat. application, Ser. No. 190,342 now US. Pat. No. 3,8l6,753, entitled Parametric Acoustic Surface Wave Apparatus to which reference is made for such details.
The RF. chirp signal is also delivered to a time inverter 20 which essentially reverses the slope of its linear frequency ramp so that the chirp frequency is now droo -8. The'time inverter 20 may be an acoustic inverter as described in detail in the mentioned US. Pat.
- application Ser. No. 190,342. Alternatively, the time inverted chirp may be generated by the common technique of spectral inversion of the original chirp. The inverted chirp is applied to another mixer 19 together with a continuous radio frequency signal at (0 from a tunable generator 21, to develop a mixed output at a frequency, ctr-8. This mixed signal is then applied to the opposite end of the piezoelectric medium 16 through another interdigital transducer 22 so to generate an acoustic wave which travels to the left as viewed in the FIGURE and because of such opposite direction of travel, the RF. chirps from the left and right transducers will have equivalent configurations in the piezoelectric medium.
Frequency conservation and phase matching conditions between the two acoustic signals are attained within the piezoelectric medium 16 so that parametric interaction occurs as explained in some detail in the mentioned US. Pat. No. 3,760,l72 and the acoustic energy is extracted by an acoustic detector 24 in the form of plates on the upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric medium 16 to provide the convolution of the two signals, which, in turn, as previously mentioned, provides a Fresnel transformation. The convolution operation provides addition of the basic radio frequencies and because of the opposite signal propagation, quadruples the chirp slope, thus providing an output signal at 2w+45. The detector (plate) length is greater than the length occupied by the signal so that the entire signal will undergo the parametric interaction.
The final multiplication is provided by a mixer 28 that combines the convoluted output at frequency 2w+45 with another chirp which can, in the present instance, be readily obtained by quadrupling the frequency with a conventional frequency quadrupler 26 of the generated R.F. input chirp mixed in another mixer 30 with the continuous wave signal from the c.w. radio frequency generator 21 to provide a frequency 4111-1-48. The output of the mixer 28 is then the Fourier Transform of the input signal at a frequency 2m and it is to be particularly observed that such output is obtained in real time.
Various modifications can obviously be made in the structure as described to perform the necessary steps of 3 chirp multiplication, Fresnel transformation (convolution) and final chirp multiplication. For example, the illustrated device utilized acoustic surface waves and the operation can as well be carried out with bulk acoustic waves as described in the mentioned US. Pat. No. 3,760,172. Furthermore, any other form of acoustic convolver can be utilized. Consequently, the foregoing description is not to be considered as limiting and the actual scope of the invention is only to be indicated 1 4 2. Apparatus for transforming an electronic signal according to claim 1 wherein said mixing means constitutes an electronic mixer separate from said piezoelectric medium. 3. Apparatus for transforming an electronic signal according to claim 1 which comprises means for time-inverting said chirp signal, means for generating a c.w. radio frequency signal, means for mixing the time-inverted chirp signal with the c.w. signal, and wherein said transducer means includes a first transducer for applying the mixed electronic signal and said chirp signal to one end of said piezoelectric medium, and a second transducer for applying the mixed inverted chirp signal and c.w. signal to the opposite end of said piezoelectric medium so that the acoustic signals from said transducers propagate in opposite directions. 4. Apparatus for transforming an electronic signal according to claim 1 wherein said detector means constitutes a plate detector having a length greater than that occupied by the signal to be transformed in said piezoelectric medium.

Claims (4)

1. Apparatus for transforming an electronic signal between the time and frequency domain which comprises means for generating a chirp signal, means for mixing the electronic signal to be transformed with said chirp signal, a piezoelectric medium, transducer means for applying said mixed chirp and electronic signals to said piezoelectric medium to generate acoustic waves in a fashion such that parametric interaction occurs, means for detecting the parametrically-interacted signals, and means for mixing the detected signal with said chirp signal.
2. Apparatus for transforming an electronic signal according to claim 1 wherein said mixing means constitutes an electronic mixer separate from said piezoelectric medium.
3. Apparatus for transforming an electronic signal according to claim 1 which comprises means for time-inverting said chirp signal, means for generating a c.w. radio frequency signal, means for mixing the time-inverted chirp signal with the c.w. signal, and wherein said transducer means includes a first transducer for applying the mixed electronic signal and said chirp signal to one end of said piezoelectric medium, and a second transducer for applying the mixed inverted chirp signal and c.w. signal to the opposite end of said piezoelectric medium so that the acoustic signals from said transducers propagate in opposite directions.
4. Apparatus for transforming an electronic signal according to claim 1 wherein said detector means constitutes a plate detector having a length greater than that occupied by the signal to be transformed in said piezoelectric medium.
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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4005417A (en) * 1975-08-14 1977-01-25 Raytheon Company Frequency spectrum analyzer
US4021657A (en) * 1975-05-13 1977-05-03 Thomson-Csf Surface elastic wave memory correlator
US4042928A (en) * 1974-03-22 1977-08-16 Esl Incorporated Technique of characterizing the nature of a radiation path transfer function by a few constants
US4049958A (en) * 1975-03-03 1977-09-20 Texas Instruments Incorporated Programable filter using chirp-Z transform
US4071828A (en) * 1976-05-18 1978-01-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Self synchronizing convolver system
US4115865A (en) * 1976-04-09 1978-09-19 Thomson-Csf High-speed correlating device
DE2938354A1 (en) * 1978-09-22 1980-04-03 Clarion Co Ltd FREQUENCY SELECTION DEVICE
US4247903A (en) * 1979-01-08 1981-01-27 United Technologies Corporation Monolithic isolated gate FET saw signal processor
US4259726A (en) * 1978-11-03 1981-03-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Diode array convolver
US4449193A (en) * 1980-04-25 1984-05-15 Thomson-Csf Bidimensional correlation device
US4649392A (en) * 1983-01-24 1987-03-10 Sanders Associates, Inc. Two dimensional transform utilizing ultrasonic dispersive delay line
US5117231A (en) * 1989-09-22 1992-05-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Doppler spectrum synthesizer
US9658319B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-05-23 Valentine Research, Inc. High probability of intercept radar detector
US10514441B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-12-24 Valentine Research, Inc. High probability of intercept radar detector

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3760172A (en) * 1970-06-15 1973-09-18 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Method of and apparatus for signal processing
US3770949A (en) * 1972-04-21 1973-11-06 Us Navy Acoustic surface wave correlators and convolvers
US3774019A (en) * 1971-09-20 1973-11-20 Sperry Rand Corp Correlation system with recirculating reference signal for increasing total correlation delay
US3816753A (en) * 1971-10-18 1974-06-11 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Parametric acoustic surface wave apparatus
US3833867A (en) * 1973-10-23 1974-09-03 Sperry Rand Corp Acoustic surface wave convolver with bidirectional amplification

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3760172A (en) * 1970-06-15 1973-09-18 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Method of and apparatus for signal processing
US3774019A (en) * 1971-09-20 1973-11-20 Sperry Rand Corp Correlation system with recirculating reference signal for increasing total correlation delay
US3816753A (en) * 1971-10-18 1974-06-11 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Parametric acoustic surface wave apparatus
US3770949A (en) * 1972-04-21 1973-11-06 Us Navy Acoustic surface wave correlators and convolvers
US3833867A (en) * 1973-10-23 1974-09-03 Sperry Rand Corp Acoustic surface wave convolver with bidirectional amplification

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4042928A (en) * 1974-03-22 1977-08-16 Esl Incorporated Technique of characterizing the nature of a radiation path transfer function by a few constants
US4049958A (en) * 1975-03-03 1977-09-20 Texas Instruments Incorporated Programable filter using chirp-Z transform
US4021657A (en) * 1975-05-13 1977-05-03 Thomson-Csf Surface elastic wave memory correlator
US4005417A (en) * 1975-08-14 1977-01-25 Raytheon Company Frequency spectrum analyzer
US4115865A (en) * 1976-04-09 1978-09-19 Thomson-Csf High-speed correlating device
US4071828A (en) * 1976-05-18 1978-01-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Self synchronizing convolver system
US4254388A (en) * 1978-09-22 1981-03-03 Clarion Co., Ltd. Frequency selector apparatus
DE2938354A1 (en) * 1978-09-22 1980-04-03 Clarion Co Ltd FREQUENCY SELECTION DEVICE
US4259726A (en) * 1978-11-03 1981-03-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Diode array convolver
US4247903A (en) * 1979-01-08 1981-01-27 United Technologies Corporation Monolithic isolated gate FET saw signal processor
US4449193A (en) * 1980-04-25 1984-05-15 Thomson-Csf Bidimensional correlation device
US4649392A (en) * 1983-01-24 1987-03-10 Sanders Associates, Inc. Two dimensional transform utilizing ultrasonic dispersive delay line
US5117231A (en) * 1989-09-22 1992-05-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Doppler spectrum synthesizer
US9658319B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-05-23 Valentine Research, Inc. High probability of intercept radar detector
US10488490B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-11-26 Valentine Research, Inc. High probability of intercept radar detector
US10514441B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-12-24 Valentine Research, Inc. High probability of intercept radar detector
US10585168B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2020-03-10 Valentine Research Inc. High probability of intercept radar detector
US11474198B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2022-10-18 Valentine Research, Inc. High probability of intercept radar detector

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