US4878742A - Liquid crystal optical modulator - Google Patents
Liquid crystal optical modulator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4878742A US4878742A US07/080,892 US8089287A US4878742A US 4878742 A US4878742 A US 4878742A US 8089287 A US8089287 A US 8089287A US 4878742 A US4878742 A US 4878742A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- optical modulator
- alignment
- substrate
- crystal optical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133753—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133738—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers for homogeneous alignment
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133742—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers for homeotropic alignment
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133753—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle
- G02F1/133757—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle with different alignment orientations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/22—Function characteristic diffractive
Abstract
Description
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ Liquid Voltage application crystal Initial state Align- Mode used Alignment Diffraction ment Diffraction ______________________________________ 1-1 Np ∥/⊥ Occurrence ⊥ Non- occurrence 1-2 Np ∥ Non- ∥/⊥ Occurrence* occurrence 2-1 Nn ⊥/∥ Occurrence ∥ Non- occurrence 2-2 Nn ⊥ Non- ⊥/∥ Occurrence* occurrence ______________________________________ (Note) (1) ∥: homogeneous alignment (2) ⊥: homeotropic alignment (3)*: nondiffraction at high voltage
Claims (11)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP61-181938 | 1986-08-04 | ||
JP61-181939 | 1986-08-04 | ||
JP61181938A JPH0616139B2 (en) | 1986-08-04 | 1986-08-04 | Liquid crystal light modulator |
JP61181939A JPH0616140B2 (en) | 1986-08-04 | 1986-08-04 | Liquid crystal light modulator |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4878742A true US4878742A (en) | 1989-11-07 |
Family
ID=26500921
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07/080,892 Expired - Lifetime US4878742A (en) | 1986-08-04 | 1987-08-03 | Liquid crystal optical modulator |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4878742A (en) |
Cited By (37)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5128788A (en) * | 1989-09-29 | 1992-07-07 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Liquid-crystal orientating film, method of manufacturing the film, and liquid-crystal element having the film |
US5193130A (en) * | 1988-08-05 | 1993-03-09 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Light deflecting device |
EP0535892A1 (en) * | 1991-10-03 | 1993-04-07 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display device |
US5282070A (en) * | 1991-10-25 | 1994-01-25 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal device with separate aperature masks and conductor blocking separations |
US5416619A (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 1995-05-16 | Sony Corporation | Liquid crystal display device with reverse tilt suppressing means |
US5446569A (en) * | 1993-08-04 | 1995-08-29 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display apparatus having a random orientation alignment film and a method for producing the same |
US5464668A (en) * | 1992-02-05 | 1995-11-07 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal device |
US5576870A (en) * | 1993-04-23 | 1996-11-19 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display panel having a phase grating formed of liquid crystal molecules |
US5579141A (en) * | 1993-07-23 | 1996-11-26 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display apparatus having regions with different pretilt angles |
US5594570A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1997-01-14 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display device and method for producing the same |
US5627667A (en) * | 1993-01-29 | 1997-05-06 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display apparatus, a method for producing the same, and a substrate |
US5666178A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1997-09-09 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display apparatus having plural regions of different aligning conditions and method for producing the same |
US5745206A (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1998-04-28 | Fujitsu Limited | Liquid crystal display panel with alignment division and smaller twist angle |
US5784141A (en) * | 1996-10-04 | 1998-07-21 | Motorola, Inc. | Bi-stable non-pixellated phase spatial light modulator for enhanced display resolution and method of fabrication |
US5853822A (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 1998-12-29 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display and manufacturing method therefor |
US5856857A (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 1999-01-05 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Domain divided liquid crystal display panels having alternately rubbed pixel areas and methods of fabrication therefor |
US6097465A (en) * | 1996-03-01 | 2000-08-01 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | In plane switching LCD with 3 electrode on bottom substrate and 1 on top substrate |
GB2324620B (en) * | 1996-04-16 | 2000-08-30 | Secr Defence | Liquid crystal device |
WO2001088606A1 (en) * | 2000-05-18 | 2001-11-22 | Raytheon Company | Electronically variable light attenuator |
US6348957B1 (en) * | 1995-10-15 | 2002-02-19 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Display unit |
US20020060764A1 (en) * | 2000-11-22 | 2002-05-23 | Fujitsu Limited | Common electrode substrate and liquid crystal display device having the same |
US6563562B2 (en) | 1997-10-24 | 2003-05-13 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal panel with holding substrate having fixing protuberances |
US20040080694A1 (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 2004-04-29 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Electro-optical device |
US20050111072A1 (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2005-05-26 | Kazuya Miyagaki | Spatial light modulator and display device |
US20050128397A1 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2005-06-16 | Fujitsu Display Technologies Corporation | Liquid crystal display apparatus having alignment control for brightness and response |
US20050140887A1 (en) * | 1998-05-16 | 2005-06-30 | Song Jang-Kun | Liquid crystal displays having multi-domains and a manufacturing method thereof |
US20050248705A1 (en) * | 2004-03-06 | 2005-11-10 | Nathan Smith | Control of liquid crystal alignment in an optical device |
EP1607790A1 (en) * | 2004-06-15 | 2005-12-21 | Asulab S.A. | Liquid crystal device comprising a heterogeneous alignment layer |
US20060176430A1 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2006-08-10 | Takahiro Sasaki | Liquid crystal display apparatus having alignment control for brightness and response |
US20060232721A1 (en) * | 2001-11-22 | 2006-10-19 | Yoon-Sung Um | Liquid crystal display and thin film transistor array panel |
US20070024782A1 (en) * | 2003-10-23 | 2007-02-01 | Hoi-Sing Kwok | Bistable liquid crystal device |
US20070285589A1 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2007-12-13 | Song Jang-Kun | Liquid crystal display and thin film transistor array panel therefor |
US20080018844A1 (en) * | 2001-11-22 | 2008-01-24 | Song Jang-Kun | Liquid Crystal Display |
US7471362B1 (en) | 1999-11-30 | 2008-12-30 | Qinetiq Limited | Bistable nematic liquid crystal device |
US7583345B2 (en) | 1999-10-01 | 2009-09-01 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display |
US20110027494A1 (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2011-02-03 | Kim Leong Tan | Non-etched flat polarization-selective diffractive optical elements |
US20160223573A1 (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2016-08-04 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Analyte detection using liquid crystals |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3843231A (en) * | 1971-04-22 | 1974-10-22 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Liquid crystal diffraction grating |
GB2023865A (en) * | 1978-06-22 | 1980-01-03 | Ebauches Sa | Guest-host liquid crystal display |
GB2163273A (en) * | 1984-07-13 | 1986-02-19 | Canon Kk | Liquid crystal device |
US4617646A (en) * | 1984-06-29 | 1986-10-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | Electric field gradient excited liquid crystal cell having bistability |
JPH114017A (en) * | 1995-10-16 | 1999-01-06 | Toshiba Corp | Optical device |
-
1987
- 1987-08-03 US US07/080,892 patent/US4878742A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3843231A (en) * | 1971-04-22 | 1974-10-22 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Liquid crystal diffraction grating |
GB2023865A (en) * | 1978-06-22 | 1980-01-03 | Ebauches Sa | Guest-host liquid crystal display |
US4617646A (en) * | 1984-06-29 | 1986-10-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | Electric field gradient excited liquid crystal cell having bistability |
GB2163273A (en) * | 1984-07-13 | 1986-02-19 | Canon Kk | Liquid crystal device |
JPH114017A (en) * | 1995-10-16 | 1999-01-06 | Toshiba Corp | Optical device |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
L. D. Bowden and R. B. Champ, "Liquid Crystal Alignment Technique", IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, vol. 20, No. 8, Jan. 78. |
L. D. Bowden and R. B. Champ, Liquid Crystal Alignment Technique , IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, vol. 20, No. 8, Jan. 78. * |
Cited By (84)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5193130A (en) * | 1988-08-05 | 1993-03-09 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Light deflecting device |
US5128788A (en) * | 1989-09-29 | 1992-07-07 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Liquid-crystal orientating film, method of manufacturing the film, and liquid-crystal element having the film |
EP0535892A1 (en) * | 1991-10-03 | 1993-04-07 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display device |
US5282070A (en) * | 1991-10-25 | 1994-01-25 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal device with separate aperature masks and conductor blocking separations |
US5416619A (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 1995-05-16 | Sony Corporation | Liquid crystal display device with reverse tilt suppressing means |
US5464668A (en) * | 1992-02-05 | 1995-11-07 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal device |
US20040080694A1 (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 2004-04-29 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Electro-optical device |
US7567320B2 (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 2009-07-28 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Electro-optical device with liquid crystal |
US5657102A (en) * | 1993-01-29 | 1997-08-12 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display apparatus, a method for producing the same, and a substrate having an alignment layer with different degrees of roughness |
US5691792A (en) * | 1993-01-29 | 1997-11-25 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for producing a liquid crystal display apparatus by irradiating an aligning film with light to reduce pretilt angles of liquid crystal molecules thereof |
US5627667A (en) * | 1993-01-29 | 1997-05-06 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display apparatus, a method for producing the same, and a substrate |
US5576870A (en) * | 1993-04-23 | 1996-11-19 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display panel having a phase grating formed of liquid crystal molecules |
US5579141A (en) * | 1993-07-23 | 1996-11-26 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display apparatus having regions with different pretilt angles |
US6013335A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 2000-01-11 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display apparatus and method for processing the same |
US5666178A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1997-09-09 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display apparatus having plural regions of different aligning conditions and method for producing the same |
US5594570A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1997-01-14 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display device and method for producing the same |
US5652634A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1997-07-29 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Multiple domain liquid crystal display device with particular reference orientation directions and method for producing the same |
US5855968A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1999-01-05 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display device and method for producing the same |
US5446569A (en) * | 1993-08-04 | 1995-08-29 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display apparatus having a random orientation alignment film and a method for producing the same |
US5745206A (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1998-04-28 | Fujitsu Limited | Liquid crystal display panel with alignment division and smaller twist angle |
US6348957B1 (en) * | 1995-10-15 | 2002-02-19 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Display unit |
US5853822A (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 1998-12-29 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display and manufacturing method therefor |
US5856857A (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 1999-01-05 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Domain divided liquid crystal display panels having alternately rubbed pixel areas and methods of fabrication therefor |
US6097465A (en) * | 1996-03-01 | 2000-08-01 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | In plane switching LCD with 3 electrode on bottom substrate and 1 on top substrate |
GB2324620B (en) * | 1996-04-16 | 2000-08-30 | Secr Defence | Liquid crystal device |
US5784141A (en) * | 1996-10-04 | 1998-07-21 | Motorola, Inc. | Bi-stable non-pixellated phase spatial light modulator for enhanced display resolution and method of fabrication |
US6563562B2 (en) | 1997-10-24 | 2003-05-13 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal panel with holding substrate having fixing protuberances |
US7573554B2 (en) | 1998-05-16 | 2009-08-11 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal displays having multi-domains and a manufacturing method thereof |
US7570332B2 (en) | 1998-05-16 | 2009-08-04 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal displays having multi-domains and a manufacturing method thereof |
US20050140887A1 (en) * | 1998-05-16 | 2005-06-30 | Song Jang-Kun | Liquid crystal displays having multi-domains and a manufacturing method thereof |
US20080079886A1 (en) * | 1998-05-16 | 2008-04-03 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd | Liquid crystal displays having multi-domains and a manufacturing method thereof |
US7898627B2 (en) | 1998-09-18 | 2011-03-01 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Vertical alignment type liquid crystal display apparatus |
US20090290111A1 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2009-11-26 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display apparatus having alignment control for brightness and response |
US20100231833A1 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2010-09-16 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display apparatus having alignment control for brightness and response |
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US20080055528A1 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2008-03-06 | Takahiro Sasaki | Liquid crystal display apparatus having alignment control for brightness and response |
US20060176430A1 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2006-08-10 | Takahiro Sasaki | Liquid crystal display apparatus having alignment control for brightness and response |
US7808594B2 (en) | 1998-09-18 | 2010-10-05 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display apparatus having alignment control for brightness and response |
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US20070030421A1 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2007-02-08 | Takahiro Sasaki | Liquid crystal display apparatus |
US7283190B2 (en) | 1998-09-18 | 2007-10-16 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display apparatus having alignment control for brightness and response |
US8018559B2 (en) | 1998-09-18 | 2011-09-13 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display apparatus having alignment control for brightness and response |
US7321412B2 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2008-01-22 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display apparatus having alignment control for brightness and response |
US7405789B1 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2008-07-29 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display apparatus having alignment control for brightness and response |
US20090290110A1 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2009-11-26 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display apparatus having alignment control for brightness and response |
US20100283953A1 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2010-11-11 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display apparatus having alignment control for brightness and response |
US20050128397A1 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2005-06-16 | Fujitsu Display Technologies Corporation | Liquid crystal display apparatus having alignment control for brightness and response |
US8817213B2 (en) | 1999-10-01 | 2014-08-26 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display |
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US20100007834A1 (en) * | 1999-10-01 | 2010-01-14 | Song Jang-Kun | Liquid crystal display |
US7583345B2 (en) | 1999-10-01 | 2009-09-01 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display |
US8456597B2 (en) | 1999-10-01 | 2013-06-04 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display |
US9557612B2 (en) | 1999-10-01 | 2017-01-31 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display |
US7471362B1 (en) | 1999-11-30 | 2008-12-30 | Qinetiq Limited | Bistable nematic liquid crystal device |
US20090002617A1 (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2009-01-01 | Qinetiq Limited | Bistable nematic liquid crystal device |
US8384872B2 (en) | 1999-11-30 | 2013-02-26 | Zbd Displays Limited | Bistable nematic liquid crystal device |
US6525860B1 (en) | 2000-05-18 | 2003-02-25 | Raytheon Company | Electronically variable light attenuator |
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US6839104B2 (en) * | 2000-11-22 | 2005-01-04 | Fujitsu Display Technologies Corporation | Common electrode substrate and liquid crystal display device having the same |
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US8698990B2 (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2014-04-15 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display and thin film transistor array panel therefor |
US20070024782A1 (en) * | 2003-10-23 | 2007-02-01 | Hoi-Sing Kwok | Bistable liquid crystal device |
US7557884B2 (en) * | 2003-10-23 | 2009-07-07 | Hong Kong University Of Science And Technology | Bistable liquid crystal device |
US20050111072A1 (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2005-05-26 | Kazuya Miyagaki | Spatial light modulator and display device |
US7336411B2 (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2008-02-26 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Spatial light modulator and display device |
US20050248705A1 (en) * | 2004-03-06 | 2005-11-10 | Nathan Smith | Control of liquid crystal alignment in an optical device |
US7375784B2 (en) * | 2004-03-06 | 2008-05-20 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Control of liquid crystal alignment in an optical device |
EP1607790A1 (en) * | 2004-06-15 | 2005-12-21 | Asulab S.A. | Liquid crystal device comprising a heterogeneous alignment layer |
WO2005124443A1 (en) * | 2004-06-15 | 2005-12-29 | Asulab S.A. | Liquid crystal display device provided with a heterogeneous alignment layer |
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