US5064424A - Electro-surgical instrument - Google Patents
Electro-surgical instrument Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5064424A US5064424A US07/488,902 US48890290A US5064424A US 5064424 A US5064424 A US 5064424A US 48890290 A US48890290 A US 48890290A US 5064424 A US5064424 A US 5064424A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- electro
- annular portion
- surgical instrument
- spherical portion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B2018/1405—Electrodes having a specific shape
- A61B2018/1407—Loop
Definitions
- This invention relates to an electro-surgical instrument of the type having a probe stem which stem has an electrode at its distal end connectable to an HF current source.
- Instruments of the type referred to above are well known in the medical field. They are used for so-called electro-coagulation, a technique in which, due to a high field density, the action of an HF current causes overheating in tissue cells which come into contact with the electrode. This overheating causes colloidal matter to precipitate out of the colloidal solution containing it.
- An individual electro-surgical instrument or rather the electrode which comes directly into contact with the biological tissue, has a three-dimensional shape selected to suit its intended purpose.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,532,095 and DE-GM 8,423,501 for example disclose electro-surgical instruments which have a spherical electrode at the distal end of the stem, which electrode is arranged in such a way as to be easily exchangeable.
- DE-AS 2,324,658 discloses an HF probe for coagulating biological body tissue which, to avoid having a ground electrode of large area, is in the form of a bipolar electrode, having a first, annular electrode and, spaced therefrom, a second electrode of hemispherical shape which forms the distal end of the HF probe.
- DE-0S 2,941,060 discloses a resection device in which the electrode, through which an HF current flows, is in the form of a loop.
- the loop can be placed around pieces of tissue which project from bodily surface, such as polyps or the like, so that the piece of tissue can be resected while the area of the cut is coagulated at the same time.
- the resection loop is longitudinally displaceable within a tubular stem, whereby the width of the resection loop can be varied.
- Resection loops are also known from DE-PS 2525982. This document shows how a resection loop can be used for prostate resection and allows tissue to be cut away in strips, that is to say it allows tissue resection whilst coagulating the cut face at the same time.
- the structural configuration of the electrodes in probe and loop form which are used for tissue coagulation and resection is matched chiefly to their particular intended purpose, thus making them usable only to a small degree, if at all, for any other purpose.
- the disadvantages of known designs lie on the one hand in the fact that HF electrodes which can be secured to the instrument but are exchangeable may be lost in the rectum, and on the other hand; that there is inevitably an additional stress on the patient due to the fact that, both with instruments designed as above and when using a number of specially shaped instruments the time taken by the endoscopic operation is longer because of the time needed to change the instruments.
- An object of the invention is therefore to avoid the disadvantages from which these known designs suffer.
- an electro-surgical instrument comprises a probe stem having a distal end, and; an electrode connectable to an HF source and situated at the distal end of the probe stem; wherein the electrode comprises a part-spherical portion, the part-spherical portion having a substantially planar face, and an annular portion upstanding from said planar face of the part-spherical portion.
- the annular portion may usefully be so arranged that its plane extends substantially perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the probe stem.
- the principal advantage of an electrode formed in this way lies in its combined usability both for coagulation and for resection accompanied by coagulation of the face of the cut.
- the electrode may be shaped in such a way that a cross-sectional surface imagined to extend in the plane of the annular portion and through the part-spherical portion is circular in outline, though the plane of the annular portion may also extend in an inclined position relative to the longitudinal axis of the stem.
- the annular portion it is advantageous for the annular portion to be non-detachably connected to the part-spherical portion.
- FIG. 1 is a side elevation with the probe stem shown in partial longitudinal section
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view on line II--II in FIG. 1.
- a combination electrode 1 comprises a probe stem 2 into whose distal end an electrode 3 is inserted by means of a stepped extension 4 on the electrode.
- the extension can be connected to one pole of an HF generator, via a conductor (not shown).
- the electrical connection may also be made via a stem 5, which may equally well be in the form of a flexible metal coil.
- the conductor and the stem 5 are provided with external insulation 6.
- the electrode 3, which would otherwise be spherical, is in the shape of a part-spherical portion 7 by virtue of a sectioning face 8 extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the probe stem 2.
- the curved outer surface of the part-spherical portion 7 faces in a direction substantially transverse to the longitudinal axis of the probe stem 2.
- annular portion 9 projects from the sectioning face 8 of the part-spherical portion 7, in the region of the latter's distal end.
- the annular portion 9 is non-detachably connected to the part-spherical portion 7, with the plane of the annular portion extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the probe stem 2 and to the sectioning face 8 in this embodiment.
- the annular portion 9 is shaped in such a way as to define with the part-spherical portion 7 a circular cross-sectional surface.
- annular portion 9 may be inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the probe stem 2, as shown for example by the tow positions of the annular portion shown in phantom in FIG. 1.
Abstract
The invention relates to an electro-surgical instrument having a probe stem whose distal end is provided with an electrode connectable to an HF current source. To enable the electrode to be used both for coagulation and for resection accompanied by coagulation, the electrode has a part-spherical portion and an annular portion. This annular portion is arranged to project up at an angle from a plane face of the part-spherical portion.
Description
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an electro-surgical instrument of the type having a probe stem which stem has an electrode at its distal end connectable to an HF current source.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Instruments of the type referred to above are well known in the medical field. They are used for so-called electro-coagulation, a technique in which, due to a high field density, the action of an HF current causes overheating in tissue cells which come into contact with the electrode. This overheating causes colloidal matter to precipitate out of the colloidal solution containing it.
An individual electro-surgical instrument, or rather the electrode which comes directly into contact with the biological tissue, has a three-dimensional shape selected to suit its intended purpose. Thus U.S. Pat. No. 3,532,095 and DE-GM 8,423,501 for example disclose electro-surgical instruments which have a spherical electrode at the distal end of the stem, which electrode is arranged in such a way as to be easily exchangeable.
DE-AS 2,324,658 discloses an HF probe for coagulating biological body tissue which, to avoid having a ground electrode of large area, is in the form of a bipolar electrode, having a first, annular electrode and, spaced therefrom, a second electrode of hemispherical shape which forms the distal end of the HF probe.
Another prior art device can be found in DE-0S 2,941,060, which discloses a resection device in which the electrode, through which an HF current flows, is in the form of a loop. The loop can be placed around pieces of tissue which project from bodily surface, such as polyps or the like, so that the piece of tissue can be resected while the area of the cut is coagulated at the same time. The resection loop is longitudinally displaceable within a tubular stem, whereby the width of the resection loop can be varied.
Resection loops are also known from DE-PS 2525982. This document shows how a resection loop can be used for prostate resection and allows tissue to be cut away in strips, that is to say it allows tissue resection whilst coagulating the cut face at the same time.
The structural configuration of the electrodes in probe and loop form which are used for tissue coagulation and resection is matched chiefly to their particular intended purpose, thus making them usable only to a small degree, if at all, for any other purpose.
If, in an endoscopic operation in the rectum for example, there is a need not only for coagulation but also for resection, then in accordance with the state of the art it is necessary to have at least an instrument with interchangeable HF electrodes, or else two separate instruments with specially shaped HF electrodes.
Hence, the disadvantages of known designs lie on the one hand in the fact that HF electrodes which can be secured to the instrument but are exchangeable may be lost in the rectum, and on the other hand; that there is inevitably an additional stress on the patient due to the fact that, both with instruments designed as above and when using a number of specially shaped instruments the time taken by the endoscopic operation is longer because of the time needed to change the instruments.
An object of the invention is therefore to avoid the disadvantages from which these known designs suffer.
According to the invention an electro-surgical instrument comprises a probe stem having a distal end, and; an electrode connectable to an HF source and situated at the distal end of the probe stem; wherein the electrode comprises a part-spherical portion, the part-spherical portion having a substantially planar face, and an annular portion upstanding from said planar face of the part-spherical portion.
The annular portion may usefully be so arranged that its plane extends substantially perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the probe stem.
The principal advantage of an electrode formed in this way lies in its combined usability both for coagulation and for resection accompanied by coagulation of the face of the cut.
In another embodiment of the invention, the electrode may be shaped in such a way that a cross-sectional surface imagined to extend in the plane of the annular portion and through the part-spherical portion is circular in outline, though the plane of the annular portion may also extend in an inclined position relative to the longitudinal axis of the stem. With regard to safety in use, it is advantageous for the annular portion to be non-detachably connected to the part-spherical portion.
FIG. 1 is a side elevation with the probe stem shown in partial longitudinal section, and
FIG. 2 is a sectional view on line II--II in FIG. 1.
Referring to FIG. 1, a combination electrode 1 comprises a probe stem 2 into whose distal end an electrode 3 is inserted by means of a stepped extension 4 on the electrode. The extension can be connected to one pole of an HF generator, via a conductor (not shown). The electrical connection may also be made via a stem 5, which may equally well be in the form of a flexible metal coil. To avoid any unintentional transmission of current, the conductor and the stem 5 are provided with external insulation 6.
The electrode 3, which would otherwise be spherical, is in the shape of a part-spherical portion 7 by virtue of a sectioning face 8 extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the probe stem 2. Thus, the curved outer surface of the part-spherical portion 7 faces in a direction substantially transverse to the longitudinal axis of the probe stem 2.
An annular portion 9 projects from the sectioning face 8 of the part-spherical portion 7, in the region of the latter's distal end. The annular portion 9 is non-detachably connected to the part-spherical portion 7, with the plane of the annular portion extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the probe stem 2 and to the sectioning face 8 in this embodiment. As FIG. 2. shows, the annular portion 9 is shaped in such a way as to define with the part-spherical portion 7 a circular cross-sectional surface.
Irrespective of the three-dimensional shape shown for the annular portion 9 in FIG. 2, both its geometry and its dimensions may be freely selected. Furthermore, it is also conceivable for the angle between the sectioning face 8 and the annular portion 9 to be varied in order to make manipulation easier for the user or to allow special operations to be performed deep in the rectum. That is, annular portion 9 may be inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the probe stem 2, as shown for example by the tow positions of the annular portion shown in phantom in FIG. 1.
Claims (5)
1. An electro-surgical instrument comprising:
a probe stem having a longitudinal axis and a distal end, and:
an electrode connectable to an HF source and situated at the distal end of the probe stem;
wherein the electrode comprises a part-spherical portion, the part-spherical portion having a substantially planar face, and an annular portion upstanding from said planar face of the part-spherical portion.
2. An electro-surgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the annular portion lies in a plane extending substantially perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the probe stem.
3. An electro-surgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the electrode is shaped such that a cross-section in the plane in which the annular portion lies, taken through the annular portion and through the part-spherical portion, is of substantially circular outline.
4. An electro-surgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the annular portion lies in a plane which is inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the probe stem.
5. An electro-surgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the annular portion is non-detachably connected to the part-spherical portion.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3916161A DE3916161A1 (en) | 1989-05-18 | 1989-05-18 | ELECTROSURGICAL INSTRUMENT |
DE3916161 | 1989-05-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US5064424A true US5064424A (en) | 1991-11-12 |
Family
ID=6380868
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07/488,902 Expired - Fee Related US5064424A (en) | 1989-05-18 | 1990-03-06 | Electro-surgical instrument |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5064424A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0397983A3 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3916161A1 (en) |
Cited By (44)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5374188A (en) * | 1993-07-19 | 1994-12-20 | Bei Medical Systems, Inc. | Electro-surgical instrument and method for use with dental implantations |
US5569244A (en) * | 1995-04-20 | 1996-10-29 | Symbiosis Corporation | Loop electrodes for electrocautery probes for use with a resectoscope |
US5718703A (en) * | 1993-09-17 | 1998-02-17 | Origin Medsystems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for small needle electrocautery |
US5772655A (en) * | 1995-05-19 | 1998-06-30 | Richard Wolf Gmbh | Medical instrument with a tilting distal end |
US5810806A (en) * | 1996-08-29 | 1998-09-22 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery | Methods and devices for collection of soft tissue |
US5902300A (en) * | 1997-02-05 | 1999-05-11 | Symbiosis Corporation | Electrodes having upper and lower operating surfaces for electrocautery probes for use with a resectoscope |
US5908419A (en) * | 1997-02-05 | 1999-06-01 | Symbiosis Corporation | Resectoscope roller electrode having high heat zone insert |
US5913857A (en) * | 1996-08-29 | 1999-06-22 | Ethicon End0-Surgery, Inc. | Methods and devices for collection of soft tissue |
US5919191A (en) * | 1995-01-30 | 1999-07-06 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Electro-surgical tissue removal |
US5938661A (en) * | 1997-02-05 | 1999-08-17 | Symbosis Corporation | Single arm electrocautery probes for use with a resectoscope |
US5957923A (en) * | 1995-04-20 | 1999-09-28 | Symbiosis Corporation | Loop electrodes for electrocautery probes for use with a resectoscope |
US6004262A (en) * | 1998-05-04 | 1999-12-21 | Ad-Tech Medical Instrument Corp. | Visually-positioned electrical monitoring apparatus |
US6136014A (en) * | 1998-09-01 | 2000-10-24 | Vivant Medical, Inc. | Percutaneous tissue removal device |
US6261241B1 (en) | 1998-03-03 | 2001-07-17 | Senorx, Inc. | Electrosurgical biopsy device and method |
US6280398B1 (en) | 1999-10-18 | 2001-08-28 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery | Methods and devices for collection of soft tissue |
US6312429B1 (en) | 1998-09-01 | 2001-11-06 | Senorx, Inc. | Electrosurgical lesion location device |
US6331166B1 (en) | 1998-03-03 | 2001-12-18 | Senorx, Inc. | Breast biopsy system and method |
US6344026B1 (en) | 1998-04-08 | 2002-02-05 | Senorx, Inc. | Tissue specimen encapsulation device and method thereof |
US20020052564A1 (en) * | 1998-03-03 | 2002-05-02 | Burbank Fred H. | Methods and apparatus for securing medical instruments to desired locations in a patient's body |
US6454727B1 (en) | 1998-03-03 | 2002-09-24 | Senorx, Inc. | Tissue acquisition system and method of use |
US6471709B1 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 2002-10-29 | Vivant Medical, Inc. | Expandable ring percutaneous tissue removal device |
US6494881B1 (en) | 1997-09-30 | 2002-12-17 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and method for electrode-surgical tissue removal having a selectively insulated electrode |
US6497706B1 (en) | 1998-03-03 | 2002-12-24 | Senorx, Inc. | Biopsy device and method of use |
US6517498B1 (en) | 1998-03-03 | 2003-02-11 | Senorx, Inc. | Apparatus and method for tissue capture |
US6540695B1 (en) | 1998-04-08 | 2003-04-01 | Senorx, Inc. | Biopsy anchor device with cutter |
US6638234B2 (en) | 1998-03-03 | 2003-10-28 | Senorx, Inc. | Sentinel node location and biopsy |
US6659105B2 (en) | 1998-02-26 | 2003-12-09 | Senorx, Inc. | Tissue specimen isolating and damaging device and method |
US6679851B2 (en) | 1998-09-01 | 2004-01-20 | Senorx, Inc. | Tissue accessing and anchoring device and method |
US6758848B2 (en) | 1998-03-03 | 2004-07-06 | Senorx, Inc. | Apparatus and method for accessing a body site |
US6875182B2 (en) | 1998-03-03 | 2005-04-05 | Senorx, Inc. | Electrosurgical specimen-collection system |
US6955676B2 (en) | 1999-06-22 | 2005-10-18 | Senorx, Inc. | Shaped scalpel |
US6997885B2 (en) | 1998-04-08 | 2006-02-14 | Senorx, Inc. | Dilation devices and methods for removing tissue specimens |
US6997926B2 (en) | 2002-02-04 | 2006-02-14 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Resistance heated tissue morcellation |
US20060064113A1 (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2006-03-23 | Nakao Naomi L | Endoscopic mucosal resection method and associated instrument |
US7189206B2 (en) | 2003-02-24 | 2007-03-13 | Senorx, Inc. | Biopsy device with inner cutter |
US20070282327A1 (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2007-12-06 | Olympus Medical Systems Corp. | High-frequency treatment instrument |
US20070293853A1 (en) * | 1998-07-13 | 2007-12-20 | Cytyc Corporation | Apparatuses and Methods for Interstitial Tissue Removal |
US20080058672A1 (en) * | 2004-12-16 | 2008-03-06 | Senorx, Inc. | Biopsy device with aperture orientation and improved tip |
US7572236B2 (en) | 2005-08-05 | 2009-08-11 | Senorx, Inc. | Biopsy device with fluid delivery to tissue specimens |
US8282573B2 (en) | 2003-02-24 | 2012-10-09 | Senorx, Inc. | Biopsy device with selectable tissue receiving aperture orientation and site illumination |
US8317725B2 (en) | 2005-08-05 | 2012-11-27 | Senorx, Inc. | Biopsy device with fluid delivery to tissue specimens |
WO2012175912A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 | 2012-12-27 | Gyrus Medical Limited | Electrosurgical electrode |
US8641640B2 (en) | 2005-05-23 | 2014-02-04 | Senorx, Inc. | Tissue cutting member for a biopsy device |
US9408592B2 (en) | 2003-12-23 | 2016-08-09 | Senorx, Inc. | Biopsy device with aperture orientation and improved tip |
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US5158561A (en) * | 1992-03-23 | 1992-10-27 | Everest Medical Corporation | Monopolar polypectomy snare with coagulation electrode |
US20190083165A1 (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2019-03-21 | Covidien Lp | Electrosurgical instrument for continuous tissue sectioning |
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- 1990-03-15 EP EP19900104886 patent/EP0397983A3/en not_active Ceased
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US1932258A (en) * | 1931-09-02 | 1933-10-24 | Wappler Frederick Charles | Surgical electrode |
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Cited By (111)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US5374188A (en) * | 1993-07-19 | 1994-12-20 | Bei Medical Systems, Inc. | Electro-surgical instrument and method for use with dental implantations |
US5718703A (en) * | 1993-09-17 | 1998-02-17 | Origin Medsystems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for small needle electrocautery |
US5919191A (en) * | 1995-01-30 | 1999-07-06 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Electro-surgical tissue removal |
US5569244A (en) * | 1995-04-20 | 1996-10-29 | Symbiosis Corporation | Loop electrodes for electrocautery probes for use with a resectoscope |
US5957923A (en) * | 1995-04-20 | 1999-09-28 | Symbiosis Corporation | Loop electrodes for electrocautery probes for use with a resectoscope |
US5772655A (en) * | 1995-05-19 | 1998-06-30 | Richard Wolf Gmbh | Medical instrument with a tilting distal end |
US5810806A (en) * | 1996-08-29 | 1998-09-22 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery | Methods and devices for collection of soft tissue |
US5913857A (en) * | 1996-08-29 | 1999-06-22 | Ethicon End0-Surgery, Inc. | Methods and devices for collection of soft tissue |
US5908419A (en) * | 1997-02-05 | 1999-06-01 | Symbiosis Corporation | Resectoscope roller electrode having high heat zone insert |
US5938661A (en) * | 1997-02-05 | 1999-08-17 | Symbosis Corporation | Single arm electrocautery probes for use with a resectoscope |
US5902300A (en) * | 1997-02-05 | 1999-05-11 | Symbiosis Corporation | Electrodes having upper and lower operating surfaces for electrocautery probes for use with a resectoscope |
US6494881B1 (en) | 1997-09-30 | 2002-12-17 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and method for electrode-surgical tissue removal having a selectively insulated electrode |
US6659105B2 (en) | 1998-02-26 | 2003-12-09 | Senorx, Inc. | Tissue specimen isolating and damaging device and method |
US20030176812A1 (en) * | 1998-03-03 | 2003-09-18 | Senorx, Inc. | Tissue specimen encapsulation device and method thereof |
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US7264596B2 (en) | 1998-03-03 | 2007-09-04 | Senorx, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for securing medical instruments to desired locations in a patient's body |
US20020052564A1 (en) * | 1998-03-03 | 2002-05-02 | Burbank Fred H. | Methods and apparatus for securing medical instruments to desired locations in a patient's body |
US20020087095A1 (en) * | 1998-03-03 | 2002-07-04 | Senorx, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for securing medical instruments to desired locations in a patient's body |
US6454727B1 (en) | 1998-03-03 | 2002-09-24 | Senorx, Inc. | Tissue acquisition system and method of use |
US7322940B2 (en) | 1998-03-03 | 2008-01-29 | Senorx, Inc. | Breast biopsy system and methods |
US7625347B2 (en) | 1998-03-03 | 2009-12-01 | Senorx, Inc. | Electrosurgical biopsy device and method |
US6261241B1 (en) | 1998-03-03 | 2001-07-17 | Senorx, Inc. | Electrosurgical biopsy device and method |
US6497706B1 (en) | 1998-03-03 | 2002-12-24 | Senorx, Inc. | Biopsy device and method of use |
US7322938B2 (en) | 1998-03-03 | 2008-01-29 | Senorx, Inc. | Breast biopsy system and methods |
US6517498B1 (en) | 1998-03-03 | 2003-02-11 | Senorx, Inc. | Apparatus and method for tissue capture |
US7229418B2 (en) | 1998-03-03 | 2007-06-12 | Senorx, Inc. | Tissue specimen encapsulation device and method thereof |
US6540693B2 (en) | 1998-03-03 | 2003-04-01 | Senorx, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for securing medical instruments to desired locations in a patients body |
US7229439B2 (en) | 1998-03-03 | 2007-06-12 | Senorx, Inc. | Apparatus and method for accessing a body site |
US6638234B2 (en) | 1998-03-03 | 2003-10-28 | Senorx, Inc. | Sentinel node location and biopsy |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP0397983A2 (en) | 1990-11-22 |
EP0397983A3 (en) | 1991-08-14 |
DE3916161A1 (en) | 1990-11-22 |
DE3916161C2 (en) | 1991-06-13 |
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