US5119180A - Image processing system with arbitrary and adjacent picture element signal load factoring - Google Patents
Image processing system with arbitrary and adjacent picture element signal load factoring Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5119180A US5119180A US07/450,565 US45056589A US5119180A US 5119180 A US5119180 A US 5119180A US 45056589 A US45056589 A US 45056589A US 5119180 A US5119180 A US 5119180A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sub
- signals
- picture element
- picture elements
- color difference
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/80—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof
- H04N23/84—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof for processing colour signals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/10—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof for transforming different wavelengths into image signals
- H04N25/11—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics
- H04N25/13—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements
- H04N25/134—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements based on three different wavelength filter elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/10—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof for transforming different wavelengths into image signals
- H04N25/11—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics
- H04N25/13—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements
- H04N25/135—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements based on four or more different wavelength filter elements
- H04N25/136—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements based on four or more different wavelength filter elements using complementary colours
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an image processing system in which a luminance signal and a color difference signal are formed based on a color picture signal generated by a single plate or signal tube image pickup device.
- a single plate or single tube image pickup device serves to generate a picture signal for every picture element in synchronism with well know read-out scanning.
- This type of image pickup device has a light receiving plane provided with a color filter means opposite a plane of incidence of an optical image of a subject.
- the light receiving plane is formed by light-receiving elements corresponding to respective picture elements.
- the color filter means is composed of red, blue and green groups of fine filters respectively arranged corresponding to the picture elements, so that a color picture signal is generated in the form of a multiplex signal. Accordingly, this type of image pickup device serves to separate chrominance signals corresponding to respective colors and also serves to form a luminance signal and a color difference signal based on the chrominance signals thus separated.
- a charge-coupled solid-state image pickup device including green striped filters provided corresponding to odd columns (or even columns) of picture elements arranged along the vertical charge-transference direction thereof and red and blue mosaic filters arranged alternately along the vertical charge-transference direction and the horizontal direction perpendicular thereto.
- This arrangement is called "green striped and red/blue perfectly-checkered filter arrangement”. The occurrence of wavy patterns can be reduced by the color filter means without lowering the resolution in the vertical direction because the vertical sampling period of the respective color filter is equal to the vertical picture element period.
- FIG. 12 shows a perfectly-checkered filter arrangement.
- a luminance signal Y is formed based on chrominance signals read from the image pickup device having such a filter arrangement, it is required that the upper limit of the frequency band of the luminance signal Y extends near a frequency half that of the sampling frequency f s (that is, f s /2). Accordingly, it is a general practice that the cut-off frequency of a low-pass filter for setting the frequency band of the luminance signal Y is established to be f s /2.
- chrominance signals of green are detected from picture elements having green (G) filters but no chrominance is detected from other picture elements having red (R) and blue (B) filters as shown in FIG. 13. This is because the red and green filters do not transmit green light.
- the symbol X represents portions corresponding to the red and blue picture elements, in which no signal appears.
- the red (R) and blue (B) portions become black so that a green striped image is reproduced even though the subject is green.
- the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter is established to be f s /2, the red (R) and blue (B) filter portions are changed to green to make it possible to reproduce the green subject.
- the limitation of the frequency band of the luminance signal Y to a frequency half the sampling frequency f s is very effective in the case where such a green subject is reproduced.
- chrominance signals are not generated in picture elements corresponding to the green and blue filters. Accordingly, if a luminance signal having the sampling frequency f s is formed to reproduce an image, red spots corresponding to the red filters appear on the black screen which make it impossible to reproduce the red subject.
- the frequency band of the luminance signal Y is limited to a quarter (f s /4) of the sampling frequency in order to be matched with the red and blue spatial frequency for the purpose of solving the aforementioned problem, the lowering of resolution or color reproducibility becomes a major problem in the case where a polycolor image of an ordinary subject containing many colors is picked up. However, it is not a major problem in the case where a monocolor image of a subject not requiring high resolution and having one color, red, blue or green is picked up.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a signal processing system for forming a luminance signal and a color difference signal based on a color picture signal generated from a single plate or single tube image pickup device using a perfectly checkered arrangement color filter means to thereby make it possible to improve reproducibility and reduce spurious colors.
- the present invention comprises an image processing system in which a luminance signal and a color difference signal are formed based on chrominance signals read from an image pickup device using a green striped and red/blue perfectly checkered filter arrangement or a filter means having an arrangement of complementary colors.
- a luminance signal and a color difference signal corresponding to an arbitrary picture element are formed by 1) performing a predetermined arithmetic operation whenever chrominance signals are generated from at least two picture elements adjacent to each other in the vertical direction of the filter arrangement, or 2) performing a predetermined arithmetic operation whenever chrominance signals are generated from at least two picture elements vertically adjacent to each other in the filter arrangement and other picture elements horizontally or diagonally adjacent to each other with respect to the arbitrary picture element.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the image processing system of the present invention
- FIG. 2(a) through 1(d) are frequency characteristic graphs of luminance signals and color difference signals formed according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing the color filter arrangement used in the invention.
- FIGS. 4 through 10 are explanatory views showing the theory of operation of the invention.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating a further specific configuration of an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 12 through 16 are explanatory views illustrating the problems corrected by the present invention.
- FIGS. 1 through 3 are views showing the configuration of the image processing system according to the present invention and the theory of processing in the system. The case shown in the drawings is that where a green striped and red/blue perfectly checkered filter arrangement is employed.
- the reference numeral 1 designates a single plate or single tube color image pickup device having a mosaic color filter means 2 of predetermined arrangement provided on a light-receiving plane for receiving an optical image of a subject.
- the color filter means 2 is composed of red (R), green (G) and blue (B) fine filters respectively provided on the light-receiving plane of light-receiving elements corresponding to the respective picture elements.
- Green striped filters G 00 , G 10 , G 20 , . . . , G 02 , G 12 , G 22 , . . . , G 04 , G 14 , G 24 , . . . , etc. are provided corresponding to even-column groups of light-receiving elements arranged along the vertical scanning direction m.
- Red (R) and blue (B) fine filters are provided on odd-column groups of light-receiving elements between the striped filters so as to be arranged to alternate perfectly in the vertical and horizontal scanning directions m and n.
- green striped filters are arranged in odd columns
- red (R) and blue (B) fine filters are arranged in even columns.
- the subscripts to the symbols R, G and B representing red, green and blue filters show the positions of the respective fine filters in the vertical and horizontal scanning directions m and n based on the green filter G 00 located in the left uppermost position in the drawing.
- the positions of the fine filters are respectively represented by variables m (from 0 to M) and n (from 0 to N) when the filters are represented by R mn , G mn and B mn .
- the high-band luminance signal generation circuit 3 forms a high-band luminance signal Y H from a chrominance signal having the highest spatial frequency component in the chrominance signals.
- the low-band luminance signal generation circuit 4 forms a low-band luminance signal Y L from all of the chrominance signals.
- the high-band luminance signal Y H contains wide-band frequency components from a low-band frequency to a high-band frequency and, on the other hand, the low-band luminance signal Y L contains lower-band frequency components than the frequency components of the high-band luminance signal Y H .
- the high-band and low-band luminance signals Y H and Y L are fed to a luminance signal synthesizing circuit 6 to form a final luminance signal Y in which the low band containing frequencies lower than f M as shown in FIG. 2(d) is formed from the components of the low-band luminance signal Y L and the high band is formed from the components of the high-band luminance signal.
- the synthesizing procedure is carried out as follows.
- the frequency band of the low-band luminance signal Y L is limited by a low-pass filter having a cut-off frequency f M lower than the cut-off frequency f L .
- a signal (Y L -Y H ) having the cut-off frequency f M as shown in FIG. 2(b) is formed by subtracting the high-band luminance signal Y H from the low-band luminance signal Y L .
- a luminance signal Y having low-band components is then formed from the low-band luminance signal Y L and high-band components formed from the high-band luminance signal Y H as shown in FIG. 2(d) by adding the high-band luminance signal Y H to the signal (Y L -Y H ).
- the color difference signal generation circuit 5 forms a color difference signal having a cut-off frequency f L (f L ⁇ f M ) as shown in FIG. 2(c).
- the high-band luminance signal generation circuit 3 performs an arithmetic operation represented by the following equations (1) through (3) on chrominance signals, hereinafter respectively represented by R mn , G mn and B mn in the filter arrangement, generated corresponding to the filters R mn , G mn and B mn as shown in FIG. 3, to thereby form high-band luminance signals Y mn , in which m and n represent the position of an arbitrary picture element, pertaining to all of the picture elements.
- high-band luminance signals Y Hmn from the respective picture elements corresponding to the green striped filters are calculated by the equation (1).
- K 01 represents a load factor as will be described later.
- high-band luminance signals Y H10 , Y H20 , Y H12 and Y H22 from picture elements corresponding to the filters G 10 , G 20 , G 12 and G 22 in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (1) as follows.
- High-band luminance signals are formed in the same manner as described above.
- the high-band luminance signals Y Hmn corresponding to all of the green picture elements are formed based on chrominance signals G mn and adjacent green chrominance signals G.sub.(m+1)n without using red and blue chrominance signals.
- high-band luminance signals Y Hmn from the respective picture elements corresponding to the red filters R mn are calculated by the equation (2).
- high-band luminance signals Y H21 , Y H13 and Y H33 from picture elements corresponding to the filters R 21 , R 13 and R 33 respectively in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (2) as follows.
- high-band luminance signals Y Hmn from the respective picture elements corresponding to the blue filters B mn are calculated by the equation (3).
- high-band luminance signals Y H11 , Y H31 and Y H23 from picture elements corresponding to the filters B 11 , B 31 and B 23 in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (3) as follows.
- high-band luminance signals Y Hmn corresponding to all of the picture elements are calculated by the above equations (1) through (3).
- high-band luminance signals Y Hmn from picture elements corresponding to the green striped filters are calculated by the following equation (4).
- high-band luminance signals Y H10 , Y H20 , Y H12 and Y H22 from picture elements corresponding to the filters G 10 , G 20 , G 12 and G 22 , as shown in FIG. 4, are calculated by the equation (4) as follows.
- high-band luminance signals are formed in the same manner as described above.
- high-band luminance signals Y Hmn corresponding to all of the green picture elements are formed based on chrominance signals G mn and green chrominance signals G.sub.(m-1)n and G.sub.(m+1)n adjacent thereto without using red and blue chrominance signals.
- high-band luminance signals Y Hmn from picture elements corresponding to the red filters R mn are calculated by the following equation (5).
- high-band luminance signals Y h21 , Y H13 and Y H33 from picture elements corresponding to the filters R 21 , R 13 and R 33 as shown in FIG. 5 are calculated by the equation (5) as follows.
- high-band luminance signals are formed in the same manner as described above.
- high-band luminance signals Y Hmn corresponding to all of the red picture elements are formed based on chrominance signals R mn and blue chrominance signals B.sub.(m-1)n and B.sub.(m+1)n adjacent thereto without using green chrominance signals.
- high-band luminance signals Y Hmn from picture elements corresponding to the blue filters B mn are calculated by the following equation (6).
- high-band luminance signals Y H11 , Y H31 and Y H23 from picture elements corresponding to the filters B 11 , B 31 and B 23 as shown in FIG. 6 are calculated by the equation (6) as follows.
- high-band luminance signals are formed in the same manner as described above.
- high-band luminance signals Y Hmn corresponding to all of the blue picture elements are formed based on chrominance signals R mn and blue chrominance signals B.sub.(m-1)n and B.sub.(m+1)n adjacent thereto without using green chrominance signals.
- high-band luminance signals Y Hmn corresponding to all of the picture elements are calculated by the equations (4) through (6).
- a high-band luminance signal is formed based on chrominance signals generated from three picture elements vertically adjacent to one another according to the equations (4) through (6), at least one chrominance signal in the boundary can be used in the calculation of the high-band luminance signal. Accordingly, high-band luminance signals pertaining to all of the picture elements can be formed to thus attain improvement in horizontal resolution.
- This method is a method for forming a low-band luminance signal Y L based on chrominance signals pertaining to three picture elements horizontally and vertically adjacent to one another.
- low-band luminance signals Y Lmn corresponding to picture elements G in a portion where a filter G is followed by an adjacent filter R are calculated by the equation (7).
- low-band luminance signals Y L20 , Y L12 and Y L32 from picture elements corresponding to the filters G 20 , G 12 and G 32 as shown in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (7) as follows.
- low-band luminance signals Y Lmn corresponding to picture elements R in a portion where filters G and R are adjacent to each other are calculated by the equation (8).
- low-band luminance signals Y L21 , Y L13 and Y L33 from picture elements corresponding to the filters R 21 , R 13 and R 33 as shown in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (8) as follows.
- low-band luminance signals Y Lmn corresponding to picture elements G in a portion where a filter G is followed by an adjacent filter B are calculated by the equation (9).
- low-band luminance signals Y L10 , Y L30 and Y L22 from picture elements corresponding to the filters G 10 , G 30 and G 22 as shown in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (9) as follows.
- low-band luminance signals Y Lmn corresponding to picture elements B in a portion where filters G and B are adjacent to each other are calculated by the equation (10).
- low-band luminance signals Y L11 , Y L31 and Y L23 from picture elements corresponding to the filters B 11 , B 31 and B 23 as shown in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (10) as follows.
- color difference signals R-Y mn corresponding to picture elements G in a portion where a filter G is followed by an adjacent filter R are calculated by the equation (11).
- color difference signals R-Y 20 , R-Y 12 and R-Y 32 in picture elements corresponding to the filters G 20 , G 12 and G 32 as shown in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (11) as follows.
- color difference signals R-Y mn corresponding to picture elements R in a portion where filters G and R are adjacent to each other are calculated by the equation (12).
- color difference signals R-Y 21 , R-Y 13 and R-Y 33 in picture elements corresponding to the filters R 21 , R 13 and R 33 as shown in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (12) as follows.
- color difference signals R-Y mn corresponding to picture elements G in a portion where a filter G is followed by an adjacent filter B are calculated by the equation (13).
- color difference signals R-Y 10 , R-Y 30 and R-Y 22 in picture elements corresponding to the filters G 10 , G 30 and G 22 as shown in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (13) as follows.
- color difference signals R-Y mn corresponding to picture elements B in a portion where filters G and B are adjacent to each other are calculated by the equation (14).
- color difference signals R-Y 11 , R-Y 31 and R-Y 23 in picture elements corresponding to the filters B 11 , B 31 and B 23 as shown in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (14) as follows.
- color difference signals B-Y mn corresponding to picture elements G in a portion where a filter G is followed by an adjacent filter R are calculated by the equation (15).
- color difference signals B-Y 20 , B-Y 12 and B-Y 32 in picture elements corresponding to the filters G 20 , G 12 and G 32 as shown in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (15) as follows.
- color difference signals B-Y mn corresponding to picture elements R in a portion where filters G and R are adjacent to each other are calculated by the equation (16).
- color difference signals B-Y 21 , B-Y 13 and B-Y 33 in picture elements corresponding to the filters R 21 , R 13 and R 33 as shown in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (16) as follows.
- color difference signals B-Y mn corresponding to picture elements G in a portion where a filter G is followed by an adjacent to filter B are calculated by the equation (17).
- color difference signals B-Y 10 , B-Y 30 and B-Y 22 in picture elements corresponding to the filters G 10 , G 30 and G 22 as shown in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (17) as follows.
- color difference signals B-Y mn corresponding to picture elements B in a portion where filters G and B are adjacent to each other are calculated by the equation (18).
- color difference signals B-Y 11 , B-Y 31 and B-Y 23 in picture elements corresponding to the filters B 11 , B 31 and B 23 as shown in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (18) as follows.
- color difference signals R-Y and B-Y are formed based on chrominance signals pertaining to picture elements horizontally, vertically and diagonally adjacent to one another as described above, color difference signals can be reproduced to reduce the occurrence of spurious colors.
- a low-band luminance signal can be formed based on chrominance signals generated from three picture elements adjacent to one another.
- a theory of formation of an improved low-band luminance signal, which results in reduction of decolorization without lowering of horizontal resolution to thereby prevent occurrence of spurious colors will be described hereunder with reference to the following equations (19) through (22).
- This method for forming a low-band luminance signal is based on four chrominance signals pertaining to picture elements adjacent to one another.
- low-band luminance signals Y Lmn corresponding to picture elements G in a portion where a filter G is followed by an adjacent filter R are calculated by the equation (19).
- low-band luminance signals Y L20 , Y L12 and Y L32 in picture elements corresponding to the filters G 20 , G 12 and G 32 as shown in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (19) as follows.
- low-band luminance signals Y Lmn corresponding to picture elements R in a portion where filters G and R are adjacent to each other are calculated by the equation (20).
- low-band luminance signals Y L21 , Y L13 and Y L33 in picture elements corresponding to the filters R 21 , R 13 and R 33 as shown in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (20) as follows.
- low-band luminance signals Y Lmn corresponding to picture elements G in a portion where a filter G is followed by an adjacent B filter are calculated by the equation (21).
- low-band luminance signals Y L10 , Y L30 and Y L22 in picture elements corresponding to the filters G 10 , G 30 and G 22 as shown in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (21) as follows.
- low-band luminance signals Y Lmn corresponding to picture elements B in a portion where filters G and B are adjacent to each other are calculated by the equation (22).
- low-band luminance signals Y L11 , Y L31 and Y L23 in picture elements corresponding to the filters B 11 , B 31 and B 23 as shown in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (22) as follows.
- the reproducibility of the low-band luminance signal in the vertical direction can be improved compared with the case where the signal is formed based on chrominance signals pertaining to three adjacent picture elements in order to thereby attain an improvement in resolution.
- color difference signals R-Y mn corresponding to picture elements G in a portion where a filter G is followed by an adjacent filter R are calculated by the equation (23).
- color difference signals R-Y 20 , R-Y 12 and R-Y 32 in picture elements corresponding to the filters G 20 , G 12 and G 32 as shown in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (23) as follows.
- color difference signals R-Y mn corresponding to picture elements R in a portion where filters G and R are adjacent to each other are calculated by the equation (24).
- color difference signals R-Y 21 , R-Y 13 and R-Y 33 in picture elements corresponding to the filters R 21 , R 13 and R 33 as shown in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (24) as follows.
- color difference signals R-Y mn corresponding to picture elements G in a portion where a filter G is followed by an adjacent filter B are calculated by the equation (25).
- color difference signals R-Y 10 , R-Y 30 and R-Y 22 in picture elements corresponding to the filters G 10 , G 30 and G 22 as shown in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (25) as follows.
- color difference signals R-Y mn corresponding to picture elements B in a portion where filters G and B are adjacent to each other are calculated by the equation (26).
- equation (26) color difference signals R-Y 11 , R-Y 31 and R-Y 23 in picture elements corresponding to the filters B 11 , B 31 and B 23 as shown in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (26) as follows.
- color difference signals B-Y mn corresponding to picture elements G in a portion where a filter G is followed by an adjacent filter R are calculated by the equation (27).
- color difference signals B-Y 20 , B-Y 12 and B-Y 32 in picture elements corresponding to the filters G 20 , G 12 and G 32 as shown in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (27) as follows.
- color difference signals B-Y mn corresponding to picture elements R in a portion where filters G and R are adjacent to each other are calculated by the equation (28).
- color difference signals B-Y 21 , B-Y 13 and B-Y 33 in picture elements corresponding to the filters R 21 , R 13 and R 33 as shown in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (28) as follows.
- color difference signals B-Y mn corresponding to picture elements G in a portion where a filter G is followed by an adjacent filter B are calculated by the equation (29).
- color difference signals B-Y 10 , B-Y 30 and B-Y 22 in picture elements corresponding to the filters G 10 , G 30 and G 22 as shown in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (29) as follows.
- color difference signals B-Y mn corresponding to picture elements B in a portion where filters G and B are adjacent to each other are calculated by the equation (30).
- color difference signals B-Y 11 , B-Y 31 and B-Y 23 in picture elements corresponding to the filters B 11 , B 31 and B 23 as shown in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (30) as follows.
- color difference signals B-Y are formed based on chrominance signals pertaining to four picture elements horizontally, vertically and diagonally adjacent to one another as described above, color reproducibility can be improved to reduce the occurrence of spurious colors as compared with the case where color difference signals are formed based on chrominance signals pertaining to three picture elements according to the equations (15) through (18).
- a low-band luminance signal Y Lmn corresponding to a picture element G in a portion where a filter G is followed by an adjacent filter R is represented by the equation (31):
- a low-band luminance signal Y Lmn corresponding to a picture element R in a portion where filters G and R are adjacent to each other is calculated by the equation (32):
- a low-band luminance signal Y Lmn corresponding to a picture element G in a portion where a filter G is followed by an adjacent filter B is calculated by the equation (33):
- a low-band luminance signal Y Lmn corresponding to a picture element B in a portion where filters G and B are adjacent to each other is calculated by the equation (34):
- a color difference signal R-Y mn corresponding to a picture element G in a portion where a filter G is followed by an adjacent filter R is calculated by the equation (35).
- a color difference signal R-Y mn corresponding to a picture element R in a portion where filters G and R are adjacent to each other is calculated by the equation (36).
- a color difference signal R-Y mn corresponding to a picture element G in a portion where filters G and B are adjacent to each other is calculated by the equation (37).
- a color difference signal R-Y mn corresponding to a picture element B in a portion where filters G and B are adjacent to each other is calculated by the equation (38).
- a color difference signal B-Y mn corresponding to a picture element G in a portion where a filter G is followed by an adjacent filter R is calculated by the equation (39).
- a color difference signal B-Y mn corresponding to a picture element R in a portion where filters G and R are adjacent to each other is calculated by the equation (40).
- a color difference signal B-Y mn corresponding to a picture element G in a portion where a filter G is followed by an adjacent filter B is calculated by the equation (41).
- a color difference signal B-Y mn corresponding to a picture element B in a portion where filters G and B are adjacent to each other is calculated by the equation (42).
- a low-band luminance signal Y Lmn corresponding to a picture element G in a portion where a filter G is followed by an adjacent filter R is calculated by the equation (43).
- low-band luminance signals Y Lmn in picture elements corresponding to filters G 00 , G 04 , G 12 , G 16 , G 20 , G 24 , G 32 , G 36 , G 40 , G 44 , G 52 , G 56 , G 60 , G 64 , G 72 , G 76 , G 80 , G 84 , etc., in FIG. 3 are calculated according to the equation (43).
- low-band luminance signals Y L20 , Y L12 and Y L32 in picture elements corresponding to the filters G 20 , G 12 and G 32 as shown in FIG. 7 are calculated by the equation (43) as follows.
- the respective low-band luminance signal is formed based on six chrominance signals with a G/R-row G-column green chrominance signal G mn as the center thereof, that is, G mn , R m (n+1), G.sub.(m-1)n, G.sub.(m+1)n, B.sub.(m-1)(n+1) and B.sub.(m+1)(n+1).
- a low-band luminance signal Y Lmn corresponding to a picture element R in a portion where filters G and R are adjacent to each other is calculated by the equation (44).
- low-band luminance signals Y Lmn in picture elements corresponding to filters R 01 , R 05 , R 13 , R 17 , R 21 , R 25 , R 33 , R 37 R 41 , R 45 , R 53 , R 57 , R 61 , R 65 , R 73 , R 77 , R 81 , R 85 , etc., in FIG. 3 are calculated according to the equation (44).
- low-band luminance signals Y L21 , Y L13 and Y L33 in picture elements corresponding to the filters R 21 , R 13 and R 33 as shown in FIG. 8 are calculated by the equation (44) as follows.
- the respective low-band luminance signal is formed based on six chrominance signals with a G/R-row R-column red chrominance signal R mn as the center thereof, that is, R mn , G m (n+1), G.sub.(m-1)(n+1), G.sub.(m+1)(n+1), B.sub.(m-1)n, and B.sub.(m+1)n.
- a low-band luminance signal Y Lmn corresponding to a picture element G in a portion where a filter G is followed by an adjacent filter B is calculated by the equation (45).
- low-band luminance signals Y Lmn in picture elements corresponding to filters G 02 , G 06 , G 10 , G 14 , G 22 , G 26 , G 30 , G 34 , G 42 , G 46 , G 50 , LG 54 , G 62 , G 66 , LG 70 , G 74 , G 82 , G 86 , etc., in FIG. 3 are calculated according to the equation (45).
- low-band luminance signals Y L10 , Y L30 and Y L22 in picture elements corresponding to the filters G 10 , G 30 and G 22 as shown in FIG. 9 are calculated by the equation (45) as follows.
- the respective low-band luminance signal is formed based on six chrominance signals with a G/B-row G-column green chrominance signal G mn as the center thereof, that is, G mn , R.sub.(m-1)(n+1), R.sub.(m+1)(n+1), G.sub.(m-1)n, G.sub.(m+1)n and B m (n+1).
- a low-band luminance signal Y Lmn corresponding to a picture element B in a portion where filters G and B are adjacent to each other is calculated by the equation (46).
- low-band luminance signals Y Lmn in picture elements corresponding to filters B 03 , B 07 , B 11 , B 15 , B 23 , B 27 , B 31 , B 35 , B 43 , B 47 , B 51 , B 55 , B 63 , B 67 , B 71 , B 75 , B 83 , B 87 , etc., in FIG. 3 are calculated according to the equation (46).
- low-band luminance signals Y L11 , Y L31 and Y L23 in picture elements corresponding to the filters B 11 , B 31 and B 23 as shown in FIG. 10 are calculated by the equation (46) as follows.
- the respective low-band luminance signal is formed based on six chrominance signals with a G/B-row B-column blue chrominance signal B mn as the center thereof, that is, B mn , R.sub.(m-1)n, R.sub.(m+1)n, G.sub.(m-1)(n+1), G.sub.(m+1)(n+1) and B m (n+1).
- a color difference signal R-Y mn corresponding to a picture element G in a portion where a filter G is followed by an adjacent filter R is calculated by the equation (47).
- color difference signals in picture elements corresponding to filters G 00 , G 04 , G 12 , G 16 , G 20 , G 24 , G 32 , G 36 , G 40 , G 44 , G 52 , G 56 , G 60 , G 64 , G 72 , G 76 , G 80 , G 84 , etc., in FIG. 3 are calculated according to the equation (47).
- color difference signals R-Y 20 , R-Y 12 and R-Y 32 in picture elements corresponding to the filters G 20 , G 12 and G 32 are calculated by the equation (47) as follows.
- the respective color difference signal is formed based on six chrominance signals with a G/R-row G-column green chrominance signal G mn as the center thereof, that is, G mn , R m (n+1), G.sub.(m-1)n, G.sub.(m+1)n, B.sub.(m-1)(n+1) and B.sub.(m+1)(n+1).
- a color difference signal R-Y mn corresponding to a picture element R in a portion where filters G and R are adjacent to each other is calculated by the equation (48).
- equation (48) a color difference signal R-Y mn corresponding to a picture element R in a portion where filters G and R are adjacent to each other.
- color difference signals R-Y mn in picture elements corresponding to filters R 01 , R 05 , R 13 , R 17 , R 21 , R 25 , R 33 , R 37 , R 41 , R 45 , R 53 , R 57 , R 61 , R 65 , LR 73 , R 77 , R 81 , R 85 , etc., in FIG. 3 are calculated according to the equation (48).
- color difference signals R-Y 21 , R-Y 13 and R-Y 33 in picture elements corresponding to the filters R 21 , R 13 and R 33 as shown in FIG. 8 are calculated by the equation (48) as follows.
- the respective color difference signal is formed based on six chrominance signals with a G/R-row R-column red chrominance signal R mn as the center thereof, that is, R mn , G m (n+1), G.sub.(m-1)(n+1), G.sub.(m+1)(n+1), B.sub.(m-1)n, and B.sub.(m+1)n.
- a color difference signal R-Y mn corresponding to a picture element G in a portion where a filter G is followed by an adjacent filter B is calculated by the equation (49).
- color difference signals R-Y mn in picture elements corresponding to filters G 02 , G 06 , G 06 , G 10 , G 14 , G 22 , G 26 , G 30 , G 34 , G 42 , G 46 , G 50 , G 54 , G 62 , G 66 , G 70 , G 74 , G 82 , G 86 , etc., in FIG. 3 are calculated according to the equation (49).
- color difference signals R-Y 10 , R-Y 30 and R-Y 22 in picture elements corresponding to the filters G 10 , G 30 and G 22 as shown in FIG. 9 are calculated by the equation (49) as follows.
- the respective color difference signal is formed based on six chrominance signals with a G/B-row G-column green chrominance signal G mn as the center thereof, that is, G mn , R.sub.(m-1)(n+1), R.sub.(m+1)(n+1), G.sub.(m-1)n, G.sub.(m+1)n and B m (n+1).
- a color difference signal R-Y mn corresponding to a picture element B in a portion where filters G and B are adjacent to each other is calculated by the equation (50).
- color difference signals R-Y mn in picture elements corresponding to filters B 03 , B 07 , B 11 , B 15 , B 23 , B 27 , B 31 , B 35 , B 43 , B 47 , B 51 , B 55 , B 63 , B 67 , B 71 , B 75 , B 83 , B 87 , etc., in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (50).
- color difference signals R-Y 11 , R-Y 31 and R-Y 23 in picture elements corresponding to the filters B 11 , B 31 and B 23 as shown in FIG. 10 are calculated by the equation (50) as follows.
- the respective color difference signal is formed based on six chrominance signals with a G/B-row B-column blue chrominance signal B mn as the center thereof, that is, B mn , R.sub.(m-1)n, R.sub.(m+1)n, G.sub.(m-1)(n+1), G.sub.(m+1)(n+1) and B m (n+1).
- a color difference signal B-Y mn corresponding to a picture element G in a portion where a filter G is followed by an adjacent filter R is calculated by the equation (51).
- color difference signals in picture elements corresponding to filters G 00 , G 04 , G 12 , G 16 , G 20 , G 24 , G 32 , G 36 , G 40 , G 44 , G 52 , G 56 , G 60 , G 64 , G 72 , G 76 , G 80 , G 84 , etc., in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (51).
- color difference signals B-Y 20 , B-Y 12 and B-Y 32 in picture elements corresponding to the filters G 20 , G 12 and G 32 are calculated by the equation (51) as follows.
- the respective color difference signal is formed based on six chrominance signals with a G/R-row G-column green chrominance signal G mn as the center thereof, that is, G mn , R m (n+1), G.sub.(m-1)n, G.sub.(m+1)n, B.sub.(m-1)(n+1) and B.sub.(m+1)(n+1).
- a color difference signal B-Y mn corresponding to a picture element R in a portion where filters G and R are adjacent to each other is calculated by the equation (52).
- color difference signals B-Y mn in picture elements corresponding to filters R 01 , R 05 , R 13 , R 17 , R 21 , R 25 , R 33 , R 37 , R 41 , R 45 , R 53 , R 57 , R 61 , R 65 , LR 73 , R 77 , R 81 , R 85 , etc., in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (52).
- color difference signals B-Y 21 , B-Y 13 and B-Y 33 in picture elements corresponding to the filters R 21 , R 13 and R 33 as shown in FIG. 8 are calculated by the equation (52) as follows.
- the respective color difference signal is formed based on six chrominance signals with a G/R-row R-column red chrominance signal R mn as the center thereof, that is, R mn , G m (n+1), G.sub.(m-1)(n+1), G.sub.(m+1)(n+1), B.sub.(m-1)n, and B.sub.(m+1)n.
- a color difference signal B-Y mn corresponding to a picture element G in a portion where a filter G followed by an adjacent filter B is calculated by the equation (53).
- color difference signals B-Y mn in picture elements corresponding to filters G 02 , G 06 , G 10 , G 14 , G 22 , G 26 , G 30 , G 34 , G 42 , G 46 , G 50 , G 54 , G 62 , G 66 , G 70 , G 74 , G 82 , G 86 , etc. in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (53).
- color difference signals B-Y 10 , B-Y 30 and B-Y 22 in picture elements corresponding to the filters G 10 , G 30 and G 22 as shown in FIG. 9 are calculated by the equation (53) as follows.
- the respective color difference signal is formed based on six chrominance signals with a G/B-row G-column green chrominance signal G mn as the center thereof, that is, G mn , R.sub.(m-1)(n+1), R.sub.(m+1)(n+1), G.sub.(m-1)n, G.sub.(m+1)n and B m (n+1).
- a color difference signal B-Y mn corresponding to a picture element B in a portion where filters G and B are adjacent to each other is calculated by the equation (54).
- color difference signals B-Y mn in picture elements corresponding to filters B 03 , B 07 , B 11 , B 15 , B 23 , B 27 , B 31 , B 35 , B 43 , B 47 , B 51 , B 55 , B 63 , B 67 , B 71 , B 75 , B 83 , B 87 , etc., in FIG. 3 are calculated by the equation (54).
- color difference signals B-Y 11 , B-Y 31 and B-Y 23 in picture elements corresponding to the filters B 11 , B 31 and B 23 as shown in FIG. 10 are calculated by the equation (54) as follows.
- the respective color difference signal is formed based on six chrominance signals with a G/B-row B-column blue chrominance signal B mn as the center thereof, that is, B mn , R.sub.(m-1)n, R.sub.(m+1)n, G.sub.(m-1)(n+1), G.sub.(m+1)(n+1) and B m (n+1).
- an interpolational arithmetic operation is made based on a plurality of chrominance signals generated from adjacent picture elements, so that an optical image of a subject containing higher frequency components than the sampling frequency of a filter provided in an image pickup device can be reproduced with higher accuracy as compared with the prior art.
- FIG. 11 An embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 11.
- This embodiment relates to an electronic still camera for recording a still image on a recording medium such as a semiconductor memory or the like.
- the reference numeral 7 designates an image pickup optical system including an image pickup lens.
- a single plate color solid-state image pickup device 8 is arranged in the back of the image pickup optical system 7.
- the single plate color solid-state image pickup device 8 is a charge-storage solid-state image pickup device in which a green striped red/blue perfectly checkered color filter means as shown in FIG. 3 is provided on a picture element group in the light-receiving plane thereof.
- the reference numeral 9 designates an A/D converter for performing analog-to-digital conversion on a picture signal synchronously read by vertical scanning and horizontal scanning.
- the reference numeral 10 designates a separation circuit which is a color separation circuit for separating time-series R, G and B picture signals obtained by the A/D converter 9 to transfer the signals to predetermined output contacts.
- the separation circuit 10 is formed of a demultiplexer.
- the red (R) chrominance signal from the color separation circuit 10 is transferred through a white balancing circuit 11 and a ⁇ correction circuit 12.
- the green (G) chrominance signal is transferred through a white balancing circuit 13 and a ⁇ correction circuit 14.
- the blue (B) chrominance signal is transferred through a white balancing circuit 15 and a ⁇ correction circuit 16.
- a portion 17 represented by the dot line is a signal processor unitedly formed as an integrated circuit (IC) including a matrix circuit, a color difference signal generation circuit, adders, and filters.
- the reference numeral 18 designates a high-band luminance signal generation circuit for forming a high-band luminance signal Y H , 19 a low-band luminance signal generation circuit for forming a low-band luminance signal Y L and 20 a color difference signal generation circuit for forming color difference signals R-Y and B-Y.
- the high-band luminance signal generation circuit 18 performs an arithmetic operation according to the aforementioned equations (1) through (3) or (4) through (6) based on chrominance signals R, G and B after white balancing.
- the low-band luminance signal generation circuit 19 performs an arithmetic operation according to the aforementioned equations (7) through (10), (19) through (22), (31) through (34) or (43) through (46) based on chrominance signals R, G and B after white balancing.
- the color difference signal generation circuit 20 performs an arithmetic operation according to the aforementioned equations (11) through (18), (23) through (30), (35) through (42) or (47) through (54) based on chrominance signals R, G and B after white balancing.
- the reference numeral 21 designates an addition/subtraction circuit for subtracting the high-band luminance signal Y H from the low-band luminance signal Y L to generate a signal Y L -Y H .
- the reference numeral 22 designates a low-pass filter having a cut-off frequency f H within a range of from 5 MHz to 6.5 MHz for limiting the band of the high-band luminance signal Y H .
- the reference numeral 23 designates a low-pass filter having a cut-off frequency f M within a range of from 0.7 MHz to 1.5 MHz for limiting the band of the signal Y L -Y H .
- the reference numeral 24 designates a low-pass filter having a cut-off frequency f L within a range of from 0.5 MHz to 1 MHz for limiting the band of the color difference signal R-Y.
- the reference numeral 25 designates a low-pass filter having a cut-off frequency f L within a range of from 0.5 MHz to 1 MHz for limiting the band of the color difference signal B-Y.
- the reference numeral 26 designates an addition circuit for adding the high-band luminance signal Y H and the signal Y L -Y H obtained from the low-pass filters 22 and 23, to thereby form a luminance signal Y having a frequency characteristic as shown in FIG. 2(d).
- the luminance signal Y is passed through an aperture circuit 27 for compensating aperture strain.
- the signal processing circuit 17 forms a luminance signal Y and color difference signals R-Y and B-Y having frequency characteristics as shown in FIGS. 2(c) and 2(d).
- This embodiment is constructed so that independent chrominance signals R, G and B are formed by feeding the thus generated luminance signal Y and color difference signals R-Y and B-Y back to the matrix circuit 28 and are recorded in a storage device 29 having storage areas corresponding to the respective colors.
- the storage device 29 is provided in the form of a semiconductor memory or a so-called memory card having the same function as a semiconductor memory. Recording timing and operating timing for the signal processor 17 is controlled according to a synchronizing signal generated from a timing circuit 30.
- Respective chrominance signals R, G and B generated from the solid-state image pickup device 8, converted into digital signals by the A/D converter 10 and obtained through the white balancing and ⁇ correction circuits 11 to 16 are fed to the high-band luminance signal generation circuit 18, the low-band luminance signal generation circuit 19 and the color difference signal generation circuit 20.
- the values and sizes of the load factors k 01 to k 165 are established under the consideration of the characteristic of human eyes.
- high-band luminance, low-band luminance and color difference signals are formed based on chrominance signals pertaining to adjacent picture elements, horizontal resolution in the high-band luminance signal, vertical resolution in the low-band luminance signal and reproducibility in the color difference signals can be improved to attain reduction of spurious colors.
- an interpolational arithmetic operation is made based on a plurality of chrominance signals generated from adjacent picture elements, so that an optical image of a subject containing higher frequency components than the sampling frequency of a filter provided in an image pickup device can be reproduced with high accuracy as compared with the prior art. Accordingly, horizontal resolution of the high-band luminance signal, vertical resolution of the low-band luminance signal and reproducibility of the color difference signals can be improved to reduce occurrence of spurious colors.
Abstract
Description
Y.sub.Hmn =k.sub.01 ·(G.sub.mn +G.sub.(m+1)n) (1)
Y.sub.H10 =k.sub.01 ·(G.sub.10 +G.sub.20),
Y.sub.H20 =k.sub.01 ·(G.sub.20 +G.sub.30),
Y.sub.H12 =k.sub.01 ·(G.sub.12 +G.sub.22), and
Y.sub.H22 =k.sub.01 ·(G.sub.22 +G.sub.32).
Y.sub.Hmn =k.sub.02 ·(R.sub.mn +B.sub.(m+1)n) (2)
Y.sub.H21 =k.sub.02 ·(R.sub.21 +B.sub.31),
Y.sub.H13 =k.sub.02 ·(R.sub.13 +B.sub.23), and
Y.sub.H33 =k.sub.02 ·(R.sub.33 +B.sub.43).
Y.sub.Hmn =k.sub.03 ·(R.sub.(m+1)n +B.sub.nm) (3)
Y.sub.H11 =k.sub.03 ·(R.sub.21 +B.sub.11),
Y.sub.H31 =k.sub.03 ·(R.sub.41 +B.sub.31), and
Y.sub.H23 =k.sub.03 ·(R.sub.33 +B.sub.23).
Y.sub.Hmn =k.sub.04 ·G.sub.mn +k.sub.05 ·(G.sub.(m-1)n +G.sub.(m+1)n) (4)
Y.sub.H10 =k.sub.04 ·G.sub.10 +k.sub.05 ·(G.sub.00 +G.sub.20),
Y.sub.H20 =k.sub.04 ·G.sub.20 +k.sub.05 ·(G.sub.10 +G.sub.30),
H.sub.H12 =k.sub.04 ·G.sub.12 +k.sub.05 ·(G.sub.02 +G.sub.22), and
Y.sub.H22 =k.sub.04 ·G.sub.22 +k.sub.05 ·(G.sub.12 +G.sub.32).
Y.sub.Hmn =k.sub.06 ·R.sub.mn +k.sub.07 ·(B.sub.(m-1)n +B.sub.(m+1)n) (5)
Y.sub.H21 =k.sub.06 ·R.sub.21 +k.sub.07 ·(B.sub.11 +B.sub.31),
Y.sub.H13 =k.sub.06 ·R.sub.13 +k.sub.07 ·(B.sub.03 +B.sub.23), and
Y.sub.H33 =k.sub.06 ·R.sub.33 +k.sub.07 ·(B.sub.23 +B.sub.43).
Y.sub.Hmn =k.sub.08 ·B.sub.mn +k.sub.09 ·(R.sub.(m-1)n +R.sub.(m+1)n) (6)
Y.sub.H11 =k.sub.08 ·B.sub.11 +k.sub.09 ·(R.sub.01 +R.sub.21),
Y.sub.H31 =k.sub.08 ·B.sub.31 +k.sub.09 ·(R.sub.21 +R.sub.41), and
Y.sub.H23 =k.sub.08 ·B.sub.23 +k.sub.09 ·(R.sub.13 +R.sub.33).
Y.sub.Lmn =k.sub.10 ·R.sub.m(n+1) +k.sub.11 ·G.sub.mn +k.sub.12 ·B.sub.(m+1)(n+1) (7)
Y.sub.L20 =k.sub.10 ·R.sub.21 +k.sub.11 ·G.sub.20 +k.sub.12 ·B.sub.31,
Y.sub.L12 =k.sub.10 ·R.sub.13 +k.sub.11 ·G.sub.12 +k.sub.12 ·B.sub.23, and
Y.sub.L32 =k.sub.10 ·R.sub.33 +k.sub.11 ·G.sub.32 +k.sub.12 ·B.sub.43.
Y.sub.Lmn =k.sub.13 ·R.sub.mn +k.sub.14 ·G.sub.m(n+1) +k.sub.15 ·B.sub.(m+1)n (8)
Y.sub.L21 =k.sub.13 ·R.sub.21 +k.sub.14 ·G.sub.22 +k.sub.15 ·B.sub.32,
Y.sub.L13 =k.sub.13 ·R.sub.13 +k.sub.14 ·G.sub.14 +k.sub.15 ·B.sub.23, and
Y.sub.L33 =k.sub.13 ·R.sub.33 +k.sub.14 ·G.sub.34 +k.sub.15 ·B.sub.43.
Y.sub.Lmn =k.sub.16 ·R.sub.(m+1)(n+1) +k.sub.17 ·G.sub.mn +k.sub.18 ·B.sub.m(n+1) (9)
Y.sub.L10 =k.sub.16 ·R.sub.21 +k.sub.17 ·G.sub.10 +k.sub.18 ·B.sub.11,
Y.sub.L30 =k.sub.16 ·R.sub.41 +k.sub.17 ·G.sub.30 +k.sub.18 ·B.sub.31, and
Y.sub.L22 =k.sub.16 ·R.sub.33 +k.sub.17 ·G.sub.22 +k.sub.18 ·B.sub.23.
Y.sub.Lmn =k.sub.19 ·R.sub.(m+1)n +k.sub.20 ·G.sub.m(n+1) +k.sub.21 ·B.sub.mn (10)
Y.sub.L11 =k.sub.19 ·R.sub.21 +k.sub.20 ·G.sub.12 +k.sub.21 ·B.sub.11,
Y.sub.L31 =k.sub.19 ·R.sub.41 +k.sub.20 ·G.sub.32 +k.sub.21 ·B.sub.31, and
Y.sub.L23 =k.sub.19 ·R.sub.33 +k.sub.20 ·G.sub.24 +k.sub.21 ·B.sub.23.
R-Y.sub.mn =k.sub.22 ·R.sub.m(n+1) -k.sub.23 ·G.sub.mn -k.sub.24 ·B.sub.(m+1)(n+1) (11)
R-Y.sub.20 =k.sub.22 ·R.sub.21 -k.sub.23 ·G.sub.20 -k.sub.24 ·B.sub.31,
R-Y.sub.12 =k.sub.22 ·R.sub.13 -k.sub.23 ·G.sub.12 -k.sub.24 ·B.sub.23, and
R-Y.sub.32 =k.sub.22 ·R.sub.33 -k.sub.23 ·G.sub.32 -k.sub.24 ·B.sub.43.
R-Y.sub.mn =k.sub.25 ·R.sub.mn -k.sub.26 ·G.sub.m(n+1) -k.sub.27 ·B.sub.(m+1)n (12)
R-Y.sub.21 =k.sub.25 ·R.sub.21 -k.sub.26 ·G.sub.22 -k.sub.27 ·B.sub.31,
R-Y.sub.13 =k.sub.25 ·R.sub.13 -k.sub.26 ·G.sub.14 -k.sub.27 ·B.sub.23, and
R-Y.sub.33 =k.sub.25 ·R.sub.33 -k.sub.26 ·G.sub.34 -k.sub.27 ·B.sub.43.
R-Y.sub.mn =k.sub.28 ·R.sub.(m+1)(n+1) -k.sub.29 ·G.sub.mn +k.sub.30 ·B.sub.m(n+1) (13)
R-Y.sub.10 =k.sub.28 ·R.sub.21 -k.sub.29 ·G.sub.10 -k.sub.30 ·B.sub.11,
R-Y.sub.30 =k.sub.28 ·R.sub.41 -k.sub.29 ·G.sub.30 -k.sub.30 ·B.sub.31, and
R-Y.sub.22 =k.sub.28 ·R.sub.33 -k.sub.29 ·G.sub.22 -k.sub.30 ·B.sub.23.
R-Y.sub.mn =k.sub.31 ·R.sub.(m+1)n -k.sub.32 ·G.sub.m(n+1) -k.sub.33 ·B.sub.mn (14)
R-Y.sub.11 =k.sub.31 ·R.sub.21 -k.sub.32 ·G.sub.12 -k.sub.33 ·B.sub.11,
R-Y.sub.31 =k.sub.31 ·R.sub.41 -k.sub.32 ·G.sub.32 -k.sub.33 ·B.sub.31, and
R-Y.sub.23 =k.sub.31 ·R.sub.33 -k.sub.32 ·G.sub.24 -k.sub.33 ·B.sub.23.
B-Y.sub.mn =-k.sub.34 ·R.sub.m(n+1) 31 k.sub.35 ·G.sub.mn +k.sub.36 ·B.sub.(m+1)(n+1) (15)
B-Y.sub.20 =-k.sub.34 ·R.sub.21 -k.sub.35 ·G.sub.20 +k.sub.36 ·B.sub.31,
B-Y.sub.12 =-k.sub.34 ·R.sub.13 -k.sub.35 ·G.sub.12 +k.sub.36 ·B.sub.23, and
B-Y.sub.32 =-k.sub.34 ·R.sub.33 -k.sub.35 ·G.sub.32 +k.sub.36 ·B.sub.43.
B-Y.sub.mn =-k.sub.37 ·R.sub.mn -k.sub.38 ·G.sub.m(n+1) +k.sub.39 ·B.sub.(m+1)n (16)
B-Y.sub.21 =-k.sub.37 ·R.sub.21 -k.sub.38 ·G.sub.22 +k.sub.39 ·B.sub.31,
B-Y.sub.13 =-k.sub.37 ·R.sub.13 -k.sub.38 ·G.sub.14 +k.sub.39 ·B.sub.23, and
B-Y.sub.33 =-k.sub.37 ·R.sub.33 -k.sub.38 ·G.sub.34 +k.sub.39 ·B.sub.43.
B-Y.sub.mn =-k.sub.40 ·R.sub.(m+1)(n+1) -k.sub.41 ·G.sub.mn +k.sub.42 ·B.sub.m(n+1) (17)
B-Y.sub.10 =-k.sub.40 ·R.sub.21 -k.sub.41 ·G.sub.10 +k.sub.42 ·B.sub.11,
B-Y.sub.30 =-k.sub.40 ·R.sub.41 -k.sub.41 ·G.sub.30 +k.sub.42 ·k.sub.42 ·B.sub.31, and
B-Y.sub.22 =-k.sub.40 ·R.sub.33 -k.sub.41 ·G.sub.22 +k.sub.42 ·B.sub.23.
B-Y.sub.mn =-k.sub.43 ·R.sub.(m+1)n -k.sub.44 ·G.sub.m(n+1) +k.sub.45 ·B.sub.mn (18)
B-Y.sub.11 =-k.sub.43 ·R.sub.21 -k.sub.44 ·G.sub.12 +k.sub.45 ·B.sub.11,
B-Y.sub.31 =-k.sub.43 ·R.sub.41 -k.sub.44 ·G.sub.32 +k.sub.45 ·B.sub.31, and
B-Y.sub.23 =-k.sub.43 ·R.sub.33 -k.sub.44 ·G.sub.24 +k.sub.45 ·B.sub.23.
Y.sub.Lmn =k.sub.46 ·R.sub.m(n+1) +k.sub.47 ·(G.sub.mn +G.sub.(m+1)n)+k.sub.48 ·B.sub.(m+1)(n+1) (19)
Y.sub.L20 =k.sub.46 ·R.sub.21 +k.sub.47 ·(G.sub.20 +G.sub.30)+k.sub.48 ·B.sub.31,
Y.sub.L12 =k.sub.46 ·R.sub.13 +k.sub.47 ·(G.sub.12 +G.sub.22)+k.sub.48 ·B.sub.23, and
Y.sub.L32 =k.sub.46 ·R.sub.33 +k.sub.47 ·(G.sub.32 +G.sub.42)+k.sub.48 ·B.sub.43.
Y.sub.Lmn =k.sub.49 ·R.sub.mn +k.sub.50 ·(G.sub.m(n30 1) +G.sub.(m+1)(n+1))+k.sub.51 ·B.sub.(m+1)n (20)
Y.sub.L21 =k.sub.49 ·R.sub.21 +k.sub.50 ·(G.sub.22 +G.sub.32)+k.sub.51 ·B.sub.31,
Y.sub.L13 =k.sub.49 ·R.sub.13 +k.sub.50 ·(G.sub.14 +G.sub.24)+k.sub.51 ·B.sub.23, and
Y.sub.L33 =k.sub.49 ·R.sub.33 +k.sub.50 ·(G.sub.34 +G.sub.44)+k.sub.51 ·B.sub.43.
Y.sub.Lmn =k.sub.52 ·R.sub.(m+1)(n+1) +k.sub.53 ·(G.sub.mn +G.sub.(m+1)n)+k.sub.54 ·B.sub.m(n+1)(21)
L.sub.L10 =k.sub.52 ·R.sub.21 +k.sub.53 ·(G.sub.10 +G.sub.20)+K.sub.54 ·B.sub.11,
Y.sub.L30 =k.sub.52 ·R.sub.41 +k.sub.53 ·(G.sub.30 +G.sub.40)+K.sub.54 ·B.sub.31, and
Y.sub.L22 =k.sub.52 ·R.sub.33 +k.sub.53 ·(G.sub.22 +G.sub.32)+k.sub.54 ·B.sub.23.
Y.sub.Lmn =k.sub.55 ·R.sub.(m+1)n +k.sub.56 ·(G.sub.m(n+1) +G.sub.(m+1)(n+1))+k.sub.57 ·B.sub.mn(22)
Y.sub.L11 =k.sub.55 ·R.sub.21 +k.sub.56 ·(G.sub.12 +G.sub.22)+k.sub.57 ·B.sub.11,
Y.sub.L31 =k.sub.55 ·R.sub.41 +k.sub.56 ·(G.sub.32 +G.sub.42)+k.sub.57 ·B.sub.31, and
Y.sub.L23 =k.sub.55 ·R.sub.33 +k.sub.56 ·(G.sub.24 +G.sub.34)+k.sub.57 ·B.sub.23.
R-Y.sub.mn =k.sub.58 ·R.sub.m(n+1) -k.sub.59 ·(G.sub.mn +G.sub.(m+1)n)-k.sub.60 ·B.sub.(m+1)(n+1) (23)
R-Y.sub.20 =k.sub.58 ·R.sub.21 -k.sub.59 ·(G.sub.20 +G.sub.30)-k.sub.60 ·B.sub.31,
R-Y.sub.12 =k.sub.58 ·R.sub.13 -k.sub.59 ·(G.sub.12 +G.sub.22)-k.sub.60 ·B.sub.23, and
R-Y.sub.32 =k.sub.58 ·R.sub.33 -k.sub.59 ·(G.sub.32 +G.sub.42)-k.sub.60 ·B.sub.43.
R-Y.sub.mn =k.sub.61 ·R.sub.mn -k.sub.62 ·(G.sub.m(n+1) +G.sub.(m+1)(n+1))-k.sub.63 ·B.sub.(m+1)n (24)
R-Y.sub.21 =k.sub.61 ·R.sub.21 -k.sub.62 ·(G.sub.22 +G.sub.32)-k.sub.63 ·B.sub.31,
R-Y.sub.13 =k.sub.61 ·R.sub.13 -k.sub.62 ·(G.sub.14 +G.sub.24)-k.sub.63 ·B.sub.23, and
R-Y.sub.33 =k.sub.61 ·R.sub.33 -k.sub.62 ·(G.sub.34 +G.sub.44)-k.sub.63 ·B.sub.43.
R-Y.sub.mn =k.sub.64 ·R.sub.(m+1)(n+1) -k.sub.65 ·(G.sub.mn +G.sub.(m+1)n)-k.sub.66 ·B.sub.m(n+1)(25)
R-Y.sub.10 =k.sub.64 ·R.sub.21 -k.sub.65 ·(G.sub.10 +G.sub.20)-k.sub.66 ·B.sub.11,
R-Y.sub.30 =k.sub.64 ·R.sub.41 -k.sub.65 ·(G.sub.30 +G.sub.40)-k.sub.66 ·B.sub.31, and
R-Y.sub.22 =k.sub.64 ·R.sub.33 -k.sub.65 ·(G.sub.22 +G.sub.32)-k.sub.66 ·B.sub.23.
R-Y.sub.11 =k.sub.67 ·R.sub.21 -k.sub.68 ·(G.sub.12 +G.sub.22)-k.sub.69 ·B.sub.11,
R-Y.sub.31 =k.sub.67 ·R.sub.41 -k.sub.68 ·(G.sub.32 +G.sub.42)-k.sub.69 ·B.sub.31, and
R-Y.sub.23 =k.sub.67 ·R.sub.33 -k.sub.68 ·(G.sub.24 +G.sub.34)-k.sub.69 ·B.sub.23.
B-Y.sub.mn =-k.sub.70 ·R.sub.m(n+1) -k.sub.71 ·(G.sub.mn +G.sub.(m+1)n)+k.sub.72 ·B.sub.(m+1)(n+1) (27)
B-Y.sub.20 =-k.sub.70 ·R.sub.21 -k.sub.71 ·(G.sub.20 +G.sub.30)+k.sub.72 ·B.sub.31,
B-Y.sub.12 =-k.sub.70 ·R.sub.13 -k.sub.71 ·(G.sub.12 +G.sub.22)+k.sub.72 ·B.sub.23, and
B-Y.sub.32 =-k.sub.70 ·R.sub.33 -k.sub.71 ·(G.sub.32 +G.sub.42)+k.sub.72 ·B.sub.43.
B-Y.sub.mn =-k.sub.73 ·R.sub.mn -k.sub.74 ·(G.sub.m(n+1) +G.sub.(m+1)(n+1))+k.sub.75 ·B.sub.(m+1)n (28)
B-Y.sub.21 =-k.sub.73 ·R.sub.21 -k.sub.74 ·(G.sub.22 +G.sub.32)+k.sub.75 ·B.sub.31,
B-Y.sub.13 =-k.sub.73 ·R.sub.13 -k.sub.74 ·(G.sub.14 +G.sub.24)+k.sub.75 ·B.sub.23, and
B-Y.sub.33 =-k.sub.73 ·R.sub.33 -k.sub.74 ·(G.sub.34 +G.sub.44)+k.sub.75 ·B.sub.43.
B-Y.sub.mn =-k.sub.76 ·R.sub.(m+1)(n+1) -k.sub.77 ·(G.sub.mn +G.sub.(m+1)n)+k.sub.78 ·B.sub.m(n+1)(29)
B-Y.sub.10 =-k.sub.76 ·R.sub.21 -k.sub.77 ·(G.sub.10 +G.sub.20)+k.sub.78 ·B.sub.11,
B-Y.sub.30 =-k.sub.76 ·R.sub.41 -k.sub.77 ·(G.sub.30 +G.sub.40)+k.sub.78 ·B.sub.31, and
B-Y.sub.22 =-k.sub.76 ·R.sub.33 -k.sub.77 ·(G.sub.22 +G.sub.32)+k.sub.78 ·B.sub.23.
B-Y.sub.mn =-k.sub.79 ·R.sub.(m+1)n -k.sub.80 ·(G.sub.m(n+1) +G.sub.(m+1(n+1))+k.sub.81 ·B.sub.mn(30)
B-Y.sub.11 =-k.sub.79 ·R.sub.21 -k.sub.80 ·(G.sub.12 +G.sub.22)+k.sub.81 ·B.sub.11,
B-Y.sub.31 =-k.sub.79, R.sub.41 -k.sub.80 ·(G.sub.32 +G.sub.42)+k.sub.81 ·B.sub.31, and
B-Y.sub.23 =-k.sub.79 ·R.sub.33 -k.sub.80 ·(G.sub.24 +G.sub.34)+k.sub.81 ·B.sub.23.
Y.sub.Lmn =k.sub.82 ·R.sub.m(n+1) +k.sub.83 ·G.sub.mn +k.sub.84 ·(B.sub.(m-1)(n+1) +B.sub.(m+1)(n+1)) (31)
Y.sub.Lmn =k.sub.85 ·R.sub.mn +k.sub.86 ·G.sub.m(n+1) +k.sub.87 ·(B.sub.(m-1)n +B.sub.(m+1)n) (32)
Y.sub.Lmn =k.sub.89 ·(R.sub.(m-1)(n+1) +R.sub.(m+1)(n+1))+k.sub.90 ·G.sub.mn +k.sub.91 ·B.sub.M(n+1) (33)
Y.sub.Lmn =k.sub.91 ·(R.sub.(m-1)n +R.sub.(m+1)n)+k.sub.92 ·G.sub.m(n+1)+k.sub.93 ·B.sub.mn (34)
R-Y.sub.mn =k.sub.94 ·R.sub.m(n-1) -k.sub.95 ·G.sub.mn -k.sub.96 ·(B.sub.(m-1)(n+1) +B.sub.(m+1)(n+1)) (35)
R-Y.sub.mn =k.sub.97 ·R.sub.mn -k.sub.98 ·G.sub.m(n+1) -k.sub.99 ·(B.sub.(m-1)n +B.sub.(m+1)n) (36)
R-Y.sub.mn =k.sub.100 ·(R.sub.(m-1)(n+1) +R.sub.(m+1)(n+1))-k.sub.101 ·G.sub.mn -k.sub.102 ·B.sub.m(n+1) (37)
R-Y.sub.mn =k.sub.103 ·(R.sub.(m-1)n +R.sub.(m+1)n)-k.sub.104 ·G.sub.m(n+1) -K.sub.105 ·B.sub.mn (38)
B-Y.sub.mn =-k.sub.106 ·R.sub.m(n+1) -k.sub.107 ·G.sub.mn +k.sub.108 ·(B.sub.(m-1)(n+1) +B.sub.(m+1)(n+1)) (39)
B-Y.sub.mn =-k.sub.109 ·R.sub.mn -k.sub.110 ·G.sub.m(n+1) +k.sub.111 ·(B.sub.(m-1)n +B.sub.(m+1)n) (40)
B-Y.sub.mn =-k.sub.112 ·(R.sub.(m-1)(n+1) +R.sub.(m+1)(n+1))-k.sub.113 ·G.sub.mn +k.sub.114 ·B.sub.m(n+1) (41)
B-Y.sub.mn =-k.sub.115 ·(R.sub.(m-1)n +R.sub.(m+1)n)-k.sub.116 ·G.sub.m(n+1) +k.sub.117 ·B.sub.mn (42)
Y.sub.L20 =k.sub.118 ·R.sub.21 +k.sub.119 ·G.sub.20 -k.sub.120 ·(G.sub.10 +G.sub.30)+k.sub.121 ·(B.sub.11 +B.sub.31),
Y.sub.L12 =K.sub.118 ·R.sub.13 +k.sub.119 ·G.sub.12 -k.sub.120 ·(G.sub.02 G.sub.22)+K.sub.121 ·(B.sub.03 +B.sub.23), and
Y.sub.L32 =k.sub.118 ·R.sub.33 +k.sub.119 ·G.sub.32 -k.sub.120 ·(G.sub.22 +G.sub.42)+k.sub.121 ·(B.sub.23 +B.sub.43).
Y.sub.L21 =k.sub.123 ·R.sub.21 +k.sub.124 ·G.sub.22 -k.sub.125 ·(G.sub.12 +G.sub.32)+k.sub.126 ·(B.sub.11 +B.sub.31),
Y.sub.L13 =k.sub.123 ·R.sub.13 +k.sub.124 ·G.sub.14 -k.sub.125 ·(G.sub.04 +G.sub.24)+k.sub.126 ·(B.sub.03 +B.sub.23), and
Y.sub.L33 =k.sub.123 ·R.sub.33 +k.sub.124 ·G.sub.34 -k.sub.125 ·(G.sub.24 +G.sub.44)+K.sub.126 ·(B.sub.23 +B.sub.43).
Y.sub.L10 =k.sub.126 ·(R.sub.01 +R.sub.21)+k.sub.127 ·G.sub.10 -k.sub.128 ·(G.sub.00 +G.sub.20)+k.sub.129 ·B.sub.11,
Y.sub.L30 =k.sub.126 ·(R.sub.21 +R.sub.41)+k.sub.127 ·G.sub.30 -k.sub.128 ·(G.sub.20 +G.sub.40)+k.sub.129 ·B.sub.31, and
Y.sub.L22 =k.sub.126 ·(R.sub.13 +R.sub.33)+k.sub.127 ·G.sub.22 -k.sub.128 ·(G.sub.12 +G.sub.32)+k.sub.129 ·B.sub.23.
Y.sub.Lmn =k.sub.130 ·(R.sub.(m-1)n +R.sub.(m+1)n)+k.sub.131 ·G.sub.m(n+1) -k.sub.132 ·(G.sub.(m-1)n +G.sub.(m+1)n)+k.sub.133 ·B.sub.mn (46)
Y.sub.L11 =k.sub.130 ·(R.sub.01 +R.sub.21)+k.sub.131 ·G.sub.12 -k.sub.132 ·(G.sub.02 +G.sub.22)+k.sub.133 ·B.sub.11,
Y.sub.L31 =k.sub.130 ·(R.sub.21 +R.sub.41)+k.sub.131 ·G.sub.32 -k.sub.132 ·(G.sub.22 +G.sub.42)+k.sub.133 ·B.sub.31, and
Y.sub.L23 =k.sub.130 ·(R.sub.13 +R.sub.33)+k.sub.131 ·G.sub.24 -k.sub.132 ·(G.sub.14 +G.sub.34)+k.sub.133 ·B.sub.23.
R-Y.sub.20 =k.sub.134 ·R.sub.21 -k.sub.135 ·G.sub.20 +k.sub.136 ·(G.sub.10 +G.sub.30)-K.sub.137 ·(B.sub.11 +B.sub.31),
R-Y.sub.12 =k.sub.134 ·R.sub.13 -k.sub.135 ·G.sub.12 +k.sub.136 ·(G.sub.02 +G.sub.22)-k.sub.137 ·(B.sub.03 +B.sub.23), and
R-Y.sub.32 =k.sub.134 ·R.sub.33 -k.sub.135 ·G.sub.32 +k.sub.136 ·(G.sub.22 +G.sub.42)-k.sub.137 ·(B.sub.23 +B.sub.43).
R-Y.sub.21 =k.sub.138 ·R.sub.21 -k.sub.139 ·G.sub.22 +k.sub.140 ·(G.sub.12 +G.sub.32)-k.sub.141 ·(B.sub.11 +B.sub.31),
R-Y.sub.13 =k.sub.138 ·R.sub.13 -k.sub.139 ·G.sub.14 +k.sub.140 ·(G.sub.04 +G.sub.24)-k.sub.141 ·(B.sub.03 +B.sub.23), and
R-Y.sub.33 =k.sub.138 ·R.sub.33 -k.sub.139 ·G.sub.34 +k.sub.140 ·(G.sub.24 +G.sub.44)-k.sub.141 ·(B.sub.23 +B.sub.43).
R-Y.sub.10 =k.sub.142 ·(R.sub.01 +R.sub.21)+k.sub.143 ·G.sub.10 -k.sub.144 ·(G.sub.00 +G.sub.20)-k.sub.145 ·B.sub.11,
R-Y.sub.30 =k.sub.142 ·(R.sub.21 +R.sub.41)+k.sub.143 ·G.sub.30 -k.sub.144 ·(G.sub.20 +G.sub.40)-k.sub.145 ·B.sub.31, and
R-Y.sub.22 =k.sub.142 ·(R.sub.13 +R.sub.33)+k.sub.143 ·G.sub.22 -k.sub.144 ·(G.sub.12 +G.sub.32)-k.sub.145 ·B.sub.23.
R-Y.sub.mn =k.sub.146 ·(R.sub.(m-1)n +R.sub.(m+1)n)+k.sub.147 ·G.sub.m(n+1) -k.sub.148 ·(G.sub.(m-1)n +G.sub.(m+1)n)-k.sub.149 ·B.sub.mn (50)
R-Y.sub.11 =k.sub.146 ·(R.sub.01 +R.sub.21)+k.sub.147 ·G.sub.12 -k.sub.148 ·(G.sub.02 +G.sub.22)-k.sub.149 ·B.sub.11,
R-Y.sub.31 =k.sub.146 ·(R.sub.21 +R.sub.41)+k.sub.147 ·G.sub.32 -k.sub.148 ·(G.sub.22 +G.sub.42)-k.sub.149 ·B.sub.31, and
R-Y.sub.23 =k.sub.146 ·(R.sub.13 +R.sub.33)+k.sub.147 ·G.sub.24 -k.sub.148 ·(G.sub.14 +G.sub.34)-k.sub.149 ·B.sub.23.
B-Y.sub.20 =-k.sub.150 ·R.sub.21 +k.sub.151 ·G.sub.20 -k.sub.152 ·(G.sub.10 +G.sub.30)+k.sub.153 ·(B.sub.11 +B.sub.31),
B-Y.sub.12 =-k.sub.150 ·R.sub.13 +k.sub.151 ·G.sub.12 -k.sub.152 ·(G.sub.02 +G.sub.22)+k.sub.153 ·(B.sub.03 +B.sub.23), and
B-Y.sub.32 =-k.sub.150 ·R.sub.33 +k.sub.151 ·G.sub.32 -k.sub.152 ·(G.sub.22 +G.sub.42)+k.sub.153 ·(B.sub.23 +B.sub.43).
B-Y.sub.21 =-k.sub.154 ·R.sub.21 +k.sub.155 ·G.sub.22 -k.sub.156 ·(G.sub.12 +G.sub.32)+k.sub.157 ·(B.sub.11 +B.sub.31),
B-Y.sub.13 =-k.sub.154 ·R.sub.13 +k.sub.155 ·G.sub.14 -k.sub.156 ·(G.sub.04 +G.sub.24)+k.sub.157 ·(B.sub.03 +B.sub.23), and
B-Y.sub.33 =-k.sub.154 ·R.sub.33 +k.sub.155 ·G.sub.34 -k.sub.156 ·(G.sub.24 +G.sub.44)+k.sub.157 ·(B.sub.23 +B.sub.43).
B-Y.sub.10 =-k.sub.158 ·(R.sub.01 +R.sub.21)-k.sub.159 ·G.sub.10 +k.sub.160 ·(G.sub.00 +G.sub.20)+k.sub.161 ·B.sub.11,
B-Y.sub.30 =-k.sub.158 ·(R.sub.21 +R.sub.41)-k.sub.159 ·G.sub.30 +k.sub.160 ·(G.sub.20 +G.sub.40)+k.sub.161 ·B.sub.31, and
B-Y.sub.22 =-k.sub.158 ·(R.sub.13 +R.sub.33)-k.sub.159 ·G.sub.22 +k.sub.160 ·(G.sub.12 +G.sub.32)+k.sub.161 ·B.sub.23.
B-Y.sub.11 =-k.sub.162 ·(R.sub.01 +R.sub.21)-k.sub.163 ·G.sub.12 +k.sub.164 ·(G.sub.02 +G.sub.22)+k.sub.165 ·B.sub.11,
B-Y.sub.31 =-k.sub.162 ·(R.sub.21 +R.sub.41)-k.sub.163 ·G.sub.32 +k.sub.164 ·(G.sub.22 +G.sub.42)+k.sub.163 ·B.sub.31, and
B-Y.sub.23 =-k.sub.162 ·(R.sub.13 +R.sub.33)-k.sub.163 ·G.sub.24 +k.sub.164 ·(G.sub.14 +G.sub.34)+k.sub.165 ·B.sub.23.
k.sub.01 =k.sub.02 k.sub.03 =0.5
K.sub.04 =k.sub.06 =k.sub.08 =0.05
k.sub.05 =k.sub.07 =k.sub.09 =0.05
k.sub.10 =k.sub.13 =k.sub.16 =k.sub.19 =0.3
k.sub.11 =k.sub.14 =k.sub.17 =k.sub.20 =0.59
k.sub.12 =k.sub.15 =k.sub.18 =k.sub.21 =0.11
k.sub.46 =k.sub.49 =k.sub.52 =k.sub.55 =0.3
k.sub.47 =k.sub.50 =k.sub.53 =k.sub.56 =0.295
k.sub.48 =k.sub.51 =k.sub.54 =k.sub.57 =0.11
k.sub.82 =k.sub.85 =0.3
k.sub.83 =k.sub.86 =0.59
k.sub.84 =k.sub.87 =0.55
k.sub.89 =k.sub.92 =0.15
k.sub.90 =k.sub.93 =0.90
k.sub.91 =k.sub.94 =0.11
k.sub.118 =k.sub.122 =0.3
k.sub.119 =k.sub.123 =0.7
k.sub.120 =k.sub.124 =k.sub.121 =k.sub.125 =0.055
k.sub.126 =k.sub.130 =k.sub.132 =0.15
k.sub.127 =k.sub.131 =0.89
k.sub.129 =k.sub.133 =0.11
k.sub.22 =k.sub.25 =k.sub.28 =k.sub.31 =0.7
k.sub.23 =k.sub.26 =k.sub.29 =k.sub.32 =0.59
k.sub.24 =k.sub.27 =k.sub.30 =k.sub.33 =0.11
k.sub.34 =k.sub.37 =k.sub.40 =k.sub.43 =0.3
k.sub.35 =k.sub.38 =k.sub.41 =k.sub.44 =0.59
k.sub.36 =k.sub.39 =k.sub.42 =k.sub.45 =0.89
k.sub.58 =k.sub.61 =k.sub.64 =k.sub.67 =0.7
k.sub.59 =k.sub.62 =k.sub.65 =k.sub.66 =0.295
k.sub.60 =k.sub.63 =k.sub.66 =k.sub.69 =0.11
k.sub.70 =k.sub.73 =k.sub.76 =k.sub.79 =0.3
k.sub.71 =k.sub.74 =k.sub.77 =k.sub.80 =0.295
k.sub.72 =k.sub.75 =k.sub.78 =k.sub.81 =0.89
k.sub.94 =k.sub.97 =0.7
k.sub.94 =k.sub.98 =0.59
k.sub.96 =k.sub.99 =0.055
k.sub.100 =k.sub.103 =0.35
k.sub.101 =k.sub.104 =0.59
k.sub.102 =k.sub.105 =0.11
k.sub.106 =k.sub.109 =0.3
k.sub.107 =k.sub.110 =0.59
k.sub.108 =k.sub.111 =0.445
k.sub.112 =k.sub.115 =0.15
k.sub.113 =k.sub.116 =0.59
k.sub.114 =k.sub.117 =0.89
k.sub.134 =k.sub.138 =0.7
k.sub.135 =k.sub.139 =0.7
k.sub.136 =k.sub.140 =0.055
k.sub.137 =k.sub.141 =0.055
k.sub.142 =k.sub.146 =0.35
k.sub.143 =k.sub.147 =0.11
k.sub.144 =k.sub.148 =0.35
k.sub.145 =k.sub.149 =0.11
k.sub.150 =k.sub.154 =0.3
k.sub.151 =k.sub.155 =0.3
k.sub.152 =k.sub.156 =0.445
k.sub.153 =k.sub.157 =0.445
k.sub.158 =k.sub.162 =0.15
k.sub.159 =k.sub.163 =0.89
k.sub.160 =k.sub.164 =0.15
k.sub.161 =k.sub.165 =0.89
Claims (15)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP63320545A JP2660567B2 (en) | 1988-12-21 | 1988-12-21 | Image processing system |
JP63-320545 | 1988-12-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US5119180A true US5119180A (en) | 1992-06-02 |
Family
ID=18122630
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07/450,565 Expired - Lifetime US5119180A (en) | 1988-12-21 | 1989-12-14 | Image processing system with arbitrary and adjacent picture element signal load factoring |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5119180A (en) |
JP (1) | JP2660567B2 (en) |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5181105A (en) * | 1986-05-30 | 1993-01-19 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Color image correction based on characteristics of a highlights or other predetermined image portion |
US5223921A (en) * | 1990-04-27 | 1993-06-29 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | White balance adjusting apparatus for automatically adjusting white balance on the basis of a color information signal obtained from an image-sensing device |
US5253046A (en) * | 1991-03-07 | 1993-10-12 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Color image pickup apparatus for object image conversion |
US5315416A (en) * | 1991-05-14 | 1994-05-24 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Mono-color editing method for color picture image recording |
US5412423A (en) * | 1991-05-01 | 1995-05-02 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Still image recording apparatus which prevents aliasing distortion by forming color difference signals having respectively mixed and weighted luminance signals |
US5506618A (en) * | 1992-05-13 | 1996-04-09 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Solid-state image pickup device using an all-pixel concurrent read-out type image sensor and color filter array |
US5627916A (en) * | 1992-01-06 | 1997-05-06 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisah | Image processing method and apparatus |
GB2320837A (en) * | 1996-12-30 | 1998-07-01 | Hyundai Electronics Ind | Colour filter array and its interpolation apparatus |
WO1999004555A2 (en) * | 1997-07-15 | 1999-01-28 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Color sample interpolation |
US5956086A (en) * | 1995-10-06 | 1999-09-21 | Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Image indicating device and imaging device |
EP1035729A2 (en) * | 1999-03-08 | 2000-09-13 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Image capturing method and image capturing device |
US20020101524A1 (en) * | 1998-03-04 | 2002-08-01 | Intel Corporation | Integrated color interpolation and color space conversion algorithm from 8-bit bayer pattern RGB color space to 12-bit YCrCb color space |
EP1246473A1 (en) * | 2001-03-27 | 2002-10-02 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Image pickup apparatus equipped with contour compensation circuit and method carried out in such an apparatus |
US20020149687A1 (en) * | 2001-02-06 | 2002-10-17 | Jaspers Cornelis Antonie Maria | Green reconstruction for image sensors |
US20030160875A1 (en) * | 2001-01-09 | 2003-08-28 | Tomoo Mitsunaga | Image processing device |
US20040109068A1 (en) * | 2001-01-09 | 2004-06-10 | Tomoo Mitsunaga | Image processing device |
US20040241568A1 (en) * | 2003-05-27 | 2004-12-02 | Xerox Corporation | Toner processes |
US6882364B1 (en) * | 1997-12-02 | 2005-04-19 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd | Solid-state imaging apparatus and signal processing method for transforming image signals output from a honeycomb arrangement to high quality video signals |
US20050117039A1 (en) * | 2003-10-01 | 2005-06-02 | Keiji Tatani | Solid-state imaging device |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS61189787A (en) * | 1985-02-18 | 1986-08-23 | Sharp Corp | Color solid-state image pickup device |
US4725881A (en) * | 1984-05-19 | 1988-02-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for increasing the resolution of a color television camera with three mutually-shifted solid-state image sensors |
JPS63157596A (en) * | 1986-12-22 | 1988-06-30 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Method for eliminating line crawl |
JPS63199590A (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 1988-08-18 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Color solid-state image pickup device |
JPS63199591A (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 1988-08-18 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Color solid-state image pickup device |
US4924316A (en) * | 1986-04-07 | 1990-05-08 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Solid color pickup apparatus |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS58103283A (en) * | 1981-12-16 | 1983-06-20 | Toshiba Corp | Solid state image pickup color camera of single plate type |
JP2595207B2 (en) * | 1986-01-29 | 1997-04-02 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | Video signal forming device |
JPS62245893A (en) * | 1986-04-18 | 1987-10-27 | Toshiba Corp | Solid-state image pickup device |
-
1988
- 1988-12-21 JP JP63320545A patent/JP2660567B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-12-14 US US07/450,565 patent/US5119180A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4725881A (en) * | 1984-05-19 | 1988-02-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for increasing the resolution of a color television camera with three mutually-shifted solid-state image sensors |
JPS61189787A (en) * | 1985-02-18 | 1986-08-23 | Sharp Corp | Color solid-state image pickup device |
US4924316A (en) * | 1986-04-07 | 1990-05-08 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Solid color pickup apparatus |
JPS63157596A (en) * | 1986-12-22 | 1988-06-30 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Method for eliminating line crawl |
JPS63199590A (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 1988-08-18 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Color solid-state image pickup device |
JPS63199591A (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 1988-08-18 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Color solid-state image pickup device |
Cited By (32)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5181105A (en) * | 1986-05-30 | 1993-01-19 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Color image correction based on characteristics of a highlights or other predetermined image portion |
US5223921A (en) * | 1990-04-27 | 1993-06-29 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | White balance adjusting apparatus for automatically adjusting white balance on the basis of a color information signal obtained from an image-sensing device |
US5253046A (en) * | 1991-03-07 | 1993-10-12 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Color image pickup apparatus for object image conversion |
US5412423A (en) * | 1991-05-01 | 1995-05-02 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Still image recording apparatus which prevents aliasing distortion by forming color difference signals having respectively mixed and weighted luminance signals |
US5315416A (en) * | 1991-05-14 | 1994-05-24 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Mono-color editing method for color picture image recording |
US5627916A (en) * | 1992-01-06 | 1997-05-06 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisah | Image processing method and apparatus |
US5506618A (en) * | 1992-05-13 | 1996-04-09 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Solid-state image pickup device using an all-pixel concurrent read-out type image sensor and color filter array |
US5956086A (en) * | 1995-10-06 | 1999-09-21 | Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Image indicating device and imaging device |
GB2320837A (en) * | 1996-12-30 | 1998-07-01 | Hyundai Electronics Ind | Colour filter array and its interpolation apparatus |
GB2320837B (en) * | 1996-12-30 | 2001-05-30 | Hyundai Electronics Ind | Color filter array and its color interpolation apparatus |
US6346969B1 (en) | 1996-12-30 | 2002-02-12 | Hyundai Electronics Industries Co., Ltd. | Color filter array and its color interpolation apparatus |
US6697110B1 (en) | 1997-07-15 | 2004-02-24 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Color sample interpolation |
WO1999004555A2 (en) * | 1997-07-15 | 1999-01-28 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Color sample interpolation |
WO1999004555A3 (en) * | 1997-07-15 | 1999-04-08 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Color sample interpolation |
US6882364B1 (en) * | 1997-12-02 | 2005-04-19 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd | Solid-state imaging apparatus and signal processing method for transforming image signals output from a honeycomb arrangement to high quality video signals |
US7015962B2 (en) * | 1998-03-04 | 2006-03-21 | Intel Corporation | Integrated color interpolation and color space conversion algorithm from 8-bit Bayer pattern RGB color space to 12-bit YCrCb color space |
US20020101524A1 (en) * | 1998-03-04 | 2002-08-01 | Intel Corporation | Integrated color interpolation and color space conversion algorithm from 8-bit bayer pattern RGB color space to 12-bit YCrCb color space |
EP1035729A2 (en) * | 1999-03-08 | 2000-09-13 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Image capturing method and image capturing device |
EP1035729A3 (en) * | 1999-03-08 | 2001-09-12 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Image capturing method and image capturing device |
US20040109068A1 (en) * | 2001-01-09 | 2004-06-10 | Tomoo Mitsunaga | Image processing device |
US20030160875A1 (en) * | 2001-01-09 | 2003-08-28 | Tomoo Mitsunaga | Image processing device |
US7570285B2 (en) | 2001-01-09 | 2009-08-04 | Sony Corporation | Image processing device suppressing color moire when restoring an image |
US7847829B2 (en) | 2001-01-09 | 2010-12-07 | Sony Corporation | Image processing apparatus restoring color image signals |
US20020149687A1 (en) * | 2001-02-06 | 2002-10-17 | Jaspers Cornelis Antonie Maria | Green reconstruction for image sensors |
US7081919B2 (en) | 2001-02-06 | 2006-07-25 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Green reconstruction for image sensors |
US7728882B2 (en) | 2001-02-06 | 2010-06-01 | Ipg Electronics 503 Limited | Green reconstruction for image sensors |
EP1246473A1 (en) * | 2001-03-27 | 2002-10-02 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Image pickup apparatus equipped with contour compensation circuit and method carried out in such an apparatus |
US20040241568A1 (en) * | 2003-05-27 | 2004-12-02 | Xerox Corporation | Toner processes |
US20050117039A1 (en) * | 2003-10-01 | 2005-06-02 | Keiji Tatani | Solid-state imaging device |
US7714916B2 (en) * | 2003-10-01 | 2010-05-11 | Sony Corporation | Solid-state imaging device |
US20100194940A1 (en) * | 2003-10-01 | 2010-08-05 | Sony Corporation | Solid state imaging device |
US7932943B2 (en) | 2003-10-01 | 2011-04-26 | Sony Corporation | Solid state imaging device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH02166987A (en) | 1990-06-27 |
JP2660567B2 (en) | 1997-10-08 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5119180A (en) | Image processing system with arbitrary and adjacent picture element signal load factoring | |
US8896722B2 (en) | Image data processing apparatus and electronic camera | |
US5323233A (en) | Image signal processing apparatus having a color filter with offset luminance filter elements | |
US5737017A (en) | Color image pickup apparatus having a plurality of color filters | |
EP0272634B1 (en) | Video signal generating device | |
US5614947A (en) | Solid state imaging apparatus | |
EP0502539B1 (en) | Color image pickup apparatus | |
JPH0352276B2 (en) | ||
WO2007145087A1 (en) | Image pickup device and signal processing method | |
US5648818A (en) | Image pickup apparatus having color separation matrix | |
US4339771A (en) | Solid-state color imaging apparatus having an excellent resolution | |
JPH0120838B2 (en) | ||
EP0098559B1 (en) | Solid state color imaging apparatus | |
US5168350A (en) | Solid-state color imaging apparatus | |
US5069530A (en) | Solid state image pick-up apparatus | |
JP3450374B2 (en) | Color imaging device | |
JPH0488784A (en) | Color image pickup element and signal processing system | |
JPH0823541A (en) | Color image pickup device | |
JP3450366B2 (en) | Color imaging device | |
JPH0488785A (en) | Color image pickup element and signal processing device | |
JPH06133319A (en) | Color image pickup device | |
JP3017311B2 (en) | Color imaging device | |
JPS60134583A (en) | Color solid-state image pickup device | |
JPH01268285A (en) | Solid image pick-up element for camera | |
JPH0366282A (en) | Color image pickup device |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: FUJI PHOTO FILM CO., LTD., NO. 210, NAKANUMA, MINA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:OKAMOTO, SATORU;REEL/FRAME:005192/0958 Effective date: 19891205 |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PAYER NUMBER DE-ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: RMPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: FUJIFILM HOLDINGS CORPORATION, JAPAN Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:FUJI PHOTO FILM CO., LTD.;REEL/FRAME:018898/0872 Effective date: 20061001 Owner name: FUJIFILM HOLDINGS CORPORATION,JAPAN Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:FUJI PHOTO FILM CO., LTD.;REEL/FRAME:018898/0872 Effective date: 20061001 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: FUJIFILM CORPORATION, JAPAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FUJIFILM HOLDINGS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:018934/0001 Effective date: 20070130 Owner name: FUJIFILM CORPORATION,JAPAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FUJIFILM HOLDINGS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:018934/0001 Effective date: 20070130 |