US5958093A - Self-cleaning filter for pneumatic circuits - Google Patents

Self-cleaning filter for pneumatic circuits Download PDF

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Publication number
US5958093A
US5958093A US08/913,382 US91338297A US5958093A US 5958093 A US5958093 A US 5958093A US 91338297 A US91338297 A US 91338297A US 5958093 A US5958093 A US 5958093A
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United States
Prior art keywords
self
filter element
nozzle
baffle
mouth
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US08/913,382
Inventor
Eros Nani
Andrea Bonandrini
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Mazzini ICI SpA
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Mazzini ICI SpA
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Assigned to MAZZINI ICI S.P.A. reassignment MAZZINI ICI S.P.A. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BONANDRINI, ANDREA, NANI, EROS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
    • B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
    • B01D46/2411—Filter cartridges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0052—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with filtering elements moving during filtering operation
    • B01D46/0056—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with filtering elements moving during filtering operation with rotational movement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/52—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filters embodying folded corrugated or wound sheet material
    • B01D46/521—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filters embodying folded corrugated or wound sheet material using folded, pleated material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/66—Regeneration of the filtering material or filter elements inside the filter
    • B01D46/70—Regeneration of the filtering material or filter elements inside the filter by acting counter-currently on the filtering surface, e.g. by flushing on the non-cake side of the filter
    • B01D46/71—Regeneration of the filtering material or filter elements inside the filter by acting counter-currently on the filtering surface, e.g. by flushing on the non-cake side of the filter with pressurised gas, e.g. pulsed air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2273/00—Operation of filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D2273/28—Making use of vacuum or underpressure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to filters used in pneumatic circuits, and in particular to a self-cleaning filter intended mainly, but not exclusively, for filtering air.
  • conventional self-cleaning filters essentially consist of a drum housed in a case and covered with a continuous filtering element or baffle.
  • This drum is provided with a relative motion with respect to a suction mouth located on the air inlet side and/or with respect to a blowing nozzle located on the opposite side.
  • the relative motion is usually achieved by rotating the drum around mouths which are fixed or longitudinally shifting at most. Obviously, it is also possible to keep the drum still and rotate/shift the mouths.
  • the function of the suction mouth on the air inlet side is to suck up dust, wastes, etc. which deposit on said side of the filtering baffle.
  • the effectiveness of said mouth is good only in case the filtering baffle is flat, so that the mouth can be positioned close to the baffle.
  • the bottom areas of the pleats are not adequately cleaned, thus reducing the advantage coming from the pleating.
  • a blowing nozzle possibly rotating, which is usually located inside the drum.
  • This nozzle intermittently emits a strong jet of compressed air which causes the dust to fall on the bottom of the filter case thanks to the counter-pressure.
  • Such a cleaning system is based on the instantaneous shaking and on the temporary inversion of direction of the air flow through the baffle, however it has a limited effectiveness too.
  • a more effective type of filter is disclosed in US-A4.253.855, including a suction mouth and a blowing nozzle located adjacent to the baffle at mutually opposite positions and extending along the whole length thereof.
  • This arrangement allows a better cleaning of the baffle but still is not completely satisfactory for particularly difficult types of filtration, e.g. the filtration of cotton fibers by means of a pleated baffle.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a self-cleaning filter suitable to overcome the drawbacks of prior art filters.
  • a filter for pneumatic circuits including a filtering baffle mounted on a steadily rotated drum, the flow of air to be filtered being from outside to inside of the baffle, with a suction mouth and a blowing nozzle located respectively outside and inside the baffle at mutually opposite positions adjacent thereto and extending along the whole length of the baffle, wherein the nozzle emits a jet of air whose angle of incidence with respect to the surface of the baffle is adjustable.
  • the main advantage of the filter according to the present invention is its capacity of complete self-regeneration even in the remotest areas at the bottom of the filtering baffle pleats.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a filter according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic partially sectional side view of the filter of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlargement of portion R of FIG. 2.
  • a self-cleaning filter includes a filter element 1 mounted on a drum 2 which is rotated steadily by a motor-reducer 3 through a friction pulley which acts on the inner surface of drum 2.
  • the outer surface of drum 2 also has a rib which engages with corresponding guide rollers 4.
  • a suction mouth 5 is longitudinally positioned in the vertical mid-plane outside the filter element 1, at the lowest point of the filter element and adjacent thereto.
  • a blowing nozzle 6 is located at an exactly opposite position inside the filter element 1. As better seen in the enlarged view of FIG. 3, both the suction mouth 5 and the blowing nozzle 6 extend along the whole length of the filter element 1.
  • nozzle 6 has a "flute" structure, i.e. a plurality of bores aligned along the whole length of filter element 1, suitable to emit a narrow jet of air.
  • mouth 5 is shaped as a trapezoidal hopper with the suction duct at its lowest end.
  • a small adjustable blowing nozzle C is located at the opposite end of mouth 5.
  • the air flow to be filtered passes through filter element 1 from outside to inside, as indicated, by arrow A in fig.2.
  • the mouth 5 isolates a small portion of the filter element 1 and sucks up therefrom the material deposited on the outer surface, which is gathered in the hopper and removed by the suction flow B.
  • the small nozzle C intermittently acts with an oriented jet which helps the removal of the material.
  • the complete regeneration of the filter element 1 is achieved through the timed action of the inner blowing nozzle 6 with a flow D of counter-current compressed air.
  • the air blade which comes from nozzle 6 removes the dust from the bottom of the pleats and conveys it to mouth 5.
  • nozzle 6 has an adjustable incidence, i.e. it emits a jet of air at different angles with respect to the surface of the filter.

Abstract

A self-cleaning filter for pneumatic circuits includes a filtering baffle (1) mounted on a drum (2) rotated steadily, the flow (A) of the air to be filtered being from outside to inside the baffle (1), as well as a suction mouth (5) longitudinally positioned in the vertical mid-plane at the lowest point of the baffle (1) and externally adjacent thereto, and a blowing nozzle (6) internally adjacent to the baffle (1) at a position exactly opposite the mouth (5), both the mouth (5) and the nozzle (6) extending along the whole length of the filtering baffle (1). The nozzle (6) has a plurality of aligned bores suitable to emit a narrow jet of counter-current air, with adjustable incidence, and the mouth (5) is shaped as a trapezoidal hopper with a small adjustable blowing nozzle (C) at one end.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to filters used in pneumatic circuits, and in particular to a self-cleaning filter intended mainly, but not exclusively, for filtering air.
It is known that various industrial plants use air to drain away processing wastes and/or for different kinds of treatments, and they include devices for filtering the air polluted by particles or substances of various origin. Reference will be made hereafter to filters employed in particular in the textile industries plants, being clear that the following is valid also for other similar applications.
It is known that conventional self-cleaning filters essentially consist of a drum housed in a case and covered with a continuous filtering element or baffle. This drum is provided with a relative motion with respect to a suction mouth located on the air inlet side and/or with respect to a blowing nozzle located on the opposite side. The relative motion is usually achieved by rotating the drum around mouths which are fixed or longitudinally shifting at most. Obviously, it is also possible to keep the drum still and rotate/shift the mouths.
The function of the suction mouth on the air inlet side is to suck up dust, wastes, etc. which deposit on said side of the filtering baffle. However, the effectiveness of said mouth is good only in case the filtering baffle is flat, so that the mouth can be positioned close to the baffle. On the contrary, in the most common case of pleated baffle (which increases the filtering surface with the same bulkiness) the bottom areas of the pleats are not adequately cleaned, thus reducing the advantage coming from the pleating.
In this case, in order to improve the baffle cleaning there is adopted a blowing nozzle, possibly rotating, which is usually located inside the drum. This nozzle intermittently emits a strong jet of compressed air which causes the dust to fall on the bottom of the filter case thanks to the counter-pressure. Such a cleaning system is based on the instantaneous shaking and on the temporary inversion of direction of the air flow through the baffle, however it has a limited effectiveness too.
In fact, first of all it can not be applied in a continuous way since it momentarily blocks the incoming air flow. Moreover, its action is not localized but general, whereby it is not particularly effective at the bottom of the baffle pleats where the suction mouth does not arrive.
A more effective type of filter is disclosed in US-A4.253.855, including a suction mouth and a blowing nozzle located adjacent to the baffle at mutually opposite positions and extending along the whole length thereof. This arrangement allows a better cleaning of the baffle but still is not completely satisfactory for particularly difficult types of filtration, e.g. the filtration of cotton fibers by means of a pleated baffle.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Therefore the object of the present invention is to provide a self-cleaning filter suitable to overcome the drawbacks of prior art filters.
This object is achieved by means of a filter for pneumatic circuits including a filtering baffle mounted on a steadily rotated drum, the flow of air to be filtered being from outside to inside of the baffle, with a suction mouth and a blowing nozzle located respectively outside and inside the baffle at mutually opposite positions adjacent thereto and extending along the whole length of the baffle, wherein the nozzle emits a jet of air whose angle of incidence with respect to the surface of the baffle is adjustable.
The main advantage of the filter according to the present invention is its capacity of complete self-regeneration even in the remotest areas at the bottom of the filtering baffle pleats.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
This and other advantages and characteristics of the self-cleaning filter according to the present invention will be clear to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of an embodiment thereof, with reference to the annexed drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a filter according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic partially sectional side view of the filter of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 is an enlargement of portion R of FIG. 2.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring to FIG. 1 and 2, there is seen that a self-cleaning filter according to the present invention includes a filter element 1 mounted on a drum 2 which is rotated steadily by a motor-reducer 3 through a friction pulley which acts on the inner surface of drum 2. The outer surface of drum 2 also has a rib which engages with corresponding guide rollers 4.
A suction mouth 5 is longitudinally positioned in the vertical mid-plane outside the filter element 1, at the lowest point of the filter element and adjacent thereto. A blowing nozzle 6 is located at an exactly opposite position inside the filter element 1. As better seen in the enlarged view of FIG. 3, both the suction mouth 5 and the blowing nozzle 6 extend along the whole length of the filter element 1. In particular, nozzle 6 has a "flute" structure, i.e. a plurality of bores aligned along the whole length of filter element 1, suitable to emit a narrow jet of air. On the other hand, mouth 5 is shaped as a trapezoidal hopper with the suction duct at its lowest end. A small adjustable blowing nozzle C is located at the opposite end of mouth 5.
The air flow to be filtered passes through filter element 1 from outside to inside, as indicated, by arrow A in fig.2. The mouth 5 isolates a small portion of the filter element 1 and sucks up therefrom the material deposited on the outer surface, which is gathered in the hopper and removed by the suction flow B. In order to improve the effectiveness of said cleaning, especially in case of damp and/or adhesive dusts, the small nozzle C intermittently acts with an oriented jet which helps the removal of the material.
The complete regeneration of the filter element 1 is achieved through the timed action of the inner blowing nozzle 6 with a flow D of counter-current compressed air. The air blade which comes from nozzle 6 removes the dust from the bottom of the pleats and conveys it to mouth 5. In order to generate vibrations on filter 1 which facilitate the dust removal, nozzle 6 has an adjustable incidence, i.e. it emits a jet of air at different angles with respect to the surface of the filter.
Thanks to the localized nature of the jet, and since also nozzle 6 is placed adjacent to the filter element 1 and at the suction mouth 5, said counter-current jet does not interfere with the normal flow A of the incoming air. Therefore, it is possible to regenerate deeply the filter element 1 even when it is of the pleated type, without disturbing the normal operation of the filter.
It is clear that the above-described and illustrated embodiment of the self-cleaning filter according to the invention is just an example susceptible of various modifications. In particular, the exact shape of mouth 5 and nozzle, 6 can be freely adapted according to specific needs, as long as their mutual position and with respect to the filter element 1, as well as their length equal to the filter element length, are maintained.

Claims (7)

We claim:
1. A self-cleaning filter for pneumatic circuits including a filter element (1) mounted on a drum (2) rotated steadily, the flow (A) of the air to be filtered being from outside to inside said filter element (1), as well as a suction mouth (5) and a blowing nozzle (6) respectively located outside and inside the filter element (1) at mutually opposite positions adjacent thereto and extending along the whole length of the filter element (1), characterized in that said nozzle (6) emits a jet of air, the jet of air having an angle of incidence with respect to the surface of the filter element (1) which is adjustable by movement of the nozzle (6) about a longitudinal axis of said nozzle (6) to generate vibration on the surface of the filter element (1).
2. A self-cleaning filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the mouth (5) is shaped as a trapezoidal hopper, with a suction duct at the lowest end and a small adjustable blowing nozzle (C) located at the opposite end.
3. A self-cleaning filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the blowing nozzle (6) includes a plurality of aligned bores.
4. A self-cleaning filter according to claim 1 characterized in that the filter element (1) has a pleated surface.
5. A self-cleaning filter according to claim 2, characterized in that the blowing nozzle (6) includes a plurality of aligned bores.
6. A self-cleaning filter according to claim 2, characterized in that the filter element (1) has a pleated surface.
7. A self-cleaning filter according to claim 3, characterized in that the filter element (1) has a pleated surface.
US08/913,382 1995-03-20 1996-03-15 Self-cleaning filter for pneumatic circuits Expired - Fee Related US5958093A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT95MI000546A IT1277170B1 (en) 1995-03-20 1995-03-20 SELF-CLEANING FILTER FOR PNEUMATIC CIRCUITS
ITMI95A0546 1995-03-20
PCT/IT1996/000048 WO1996029139A1 (en) 1995-03-20 1996-03-15 Self-cleaning filter for pneumatic circuits

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US5958093A true US5958093A (en) 1999-09-28

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US08/913,382 Expired - Fee Related US5958093A (en) 1995-03-20 1996-03-15 Self-cleaning filter for pneumatic circuits

Country Status (12)

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US (1) US5958093A (en)
EP (1) EP0814892B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH11502762A (en)
AT (1) ATE185283T1 (en)
AU (1) AU4953096A (en)
BR (1) BR9607684A (en)
DE (1) DE69604573T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0814892T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2138326T3 (en)
GR (1) GR3031556T3 (en)
IT (1) IT1277170B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1996029139A1 (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1524346A2 (en) * 2003-10-14 2005-04-20 Firma Sohler Neuenhauser GmbH & Co. KG Cleaning device for textile machines
US20050230288A1 (en) * 2004-03-25 2005-10-20 John Hasselbach Rotary separator for mineral fibers
US20090113858A1 (en) * 2005-06-29 2009-05-07 Macliver Kevin S Filtration
US9242194B2 (en) 2010-06-22 2016-01-26 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Device for purifying a fluid
US10371106B2 (en) 2017-03-24 2019-08-06 Cnh Industrial America Llc Blow-out rotary screen cleaner
US11065941B1 (en) 2018-08-31 2021-07-20 Maradyne Corporation Vehicle air filter

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100770181B1 (en) * 2006-07-31 2007-10-25 주식회사 포스코 Multi-function baffle damping system in bag filter type dust collector
WO2008022376A1 (en) * 2006-08-21 2008-02-28 Stuart Cole Apparatus for cleaning cylindrical air filters
US7883313B2 (en) * 2009-11-05 2011-02-08 General Electric Company Active flow control system for wind turbine
JP6094926B2 (en) * 2013-03-21 2017-03-15 株式会社流機エンジニアリング Dust collector

Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191102736A (en) * 1911-02-02 1911-08-10 Hubert Winkler Improvements in Air-filters.
FR687742A (en) * 1929-02-01 1930-08-12 Filtering method and device for removing dust from gases, air, etc.
US2500747A (en) * 1946-01-05 1950-03-14 Robert P Ellis Dust separating and collecting machine
FR1169435A (en) * 1956-12-03 1958-12-29 Fram Corp Apparatus for cleaning annular filter elements
US3345805A (en) * 1966-09-01 1967-10-10 Microtron Corp Apparatus for cleaning filters
US3472002A (en) * 1967-02-09 1969-10-14 North American Rockwell Self-cleaning drum type filter assembly
US3483675A (en) * 1967-01-12 1969-12-16 Bahnson Co Automatic cleaning filtering apparatus
US3499267A (en) * 1968-08-20 1970-03-10 Bahnson Co Cleaning apparatus for rotary drum filters
US3606735A (en) * 1969-07-01 1971-09-21 Aeronca Inc Air filter assembly providing increased filtering surface area for a given volumetric size
US3667195A (en) * 1970-03-16 1972-06-06 Grinnell Corp Rotary air filter cleaning apparatus
US4222754A (en) * 1978-11-24 1980-09-16 Horvat Ivan J High efficiency filter for textile waste
US4253855A (en) * 1979-02-26 1981-03-03 Horn And Gladden Lint Cleaner Air filter
US4481021A (en) * 1983-01-20 1984-11-06 United Air Filter Company Rotary drum air filter
US4826512A (en) * 1988-10-19 1989-05-02 Fuller Carmel U Self-cleaning air filter
US4830642A (en) * 1988-02-19 1989-05-16 Cv International, Inc. Filter system with in situ cleaning of an operating filter unit
US4842624A (en) * 1988-05-19 1989-06-27 Barton Ronald R Apparatus for cleaning air filters
EP0389045A2 (en) * 1989-03-22 1990-09-26 Airtec Di Grieco Annamaria Filtering device for separating dust from aeriform fluid and in particular for separating textile dust

Patent Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191102736A (en) * 1911-02-02 1911-08-10 Hubert Winkler Improvements in Air-filters.
FR687742A (en) * 1929-02-01 1930-08-12 Filtering method and device for removing dust from gases, air, etc.
US2500747A (en) * 1946-01-05 1950-03-14 Robert P Ellis Dust separating and collecting machine
FR1169435A (en) * 1956-12-03 1958-12-29 Fram Corp Apparatus for cleaning annular filter elements
US3345805A (en) * 1966-09-01 1967-10-10 Microtron Corp Apparatus for cleaning filters
US3483675A (en) * 1967-01-12 1969-12-16 Bahnson Co Automatic cleaning filtering apparatus
US3472002A (en) * 1967-02-09 1969-10-14 North American Rockwell Self-cleaning drum type filter assembly
US3499267A (en) * 1968-08-20 1970-03-10 Bahnson Co Cleaning apparatus for rotary drum filters
US3606735A (en) * 1969-07-01 1971-09-21 Aeronca Inc Air filter assembly providing increased filtering surface area for a given volumetric size
US3667195A (en) * 1970-03-16 1972-06-06 Grinnell Corp Rotary air filter cleaning apparatus
US4222754A (en) * 1978-11-24 1980-09-16 Horvat Ivan J High efficiency filter for textile waste
US4253855A (en) * 1979-02-26 1981-03-03 Horn And Gladden Lint Cleaner Air filter
US4481021A (en) * 1983-01-20 1984-11-06 United Air Filter Company Rotary drum air filter
US4830642A (en) * 1988-02-19 1989-05-16 Cv International, Inc. Filter system with in situ cleaning of an operating filter unit
US4842624A (en) * 1988-05-19 1989-06-27 Barton Ronald R Apparatus for cleaning air filters
US4826512A (en) * 1988-10-19 1989-05-02 Fuller Carmel U Self-cleaning air filter
EP0389045A2 (en) * 1989-03-22 1990-09-26 Airtec Di Grieco Annamaria Filtering device for separating dust from aeriform fluid and in particular for separating textile dust

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1524346A2 (en) * 2003-10-14 2005-04-20 Firma Sohler Neuenhauser GmbH & Co. KG Cleaning device for textile machines
EP1524346A3 (en) * 2003-10-14 2005-12-21 Firma Sohler Neuenhauser GmbH & Co. KG Cleaning device for textile machines
US20050230288A1 (en) * 2004-03-25 2005-10-20 John Hasselbach Rotary separator for mineral fibers
US7264422B2 (en) * 2004-03-25 2007-09-04 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology Inc. Rotary separator for mineral fibers
US20090113858A1 (en) * 2005-06-29 2009-05-07 Macliver Kevin S Filtration
US9242194B2 (en) 2010-06-22 2016-01-26 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Device for purifying a fluid
US10371106B2 (en) 2017-03-24 2019-08-06 Cnh Industrial America Llc Blow-out rotary screen cleaner
US11065941B1 (en) 2018-08-31 2021-07-20 Maradyne Corporation Vehicle air filter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH11502762A (en) 1999-03-09
DE69604573D1 (en) 1999-11-11
DE69604573T2 (en) 2000-01-20
BR9607684A (en) 1999-11-30
EP0814892B1 (en) 1999-10-06
WO1996029139A1 (en) 1996-09-26
ITMI950546A1 (en) 1996-09-20
IT1277170B1 (en) 1997-11-05
EP0814892A1 (en) 1998-01-07
DK0814892T3 (en) 2000-03-20
GR3031556T3 (en) 2000-01-31
ITMI950546A0 (en) 1995-03-20
ATE185283T1 (en) 1999-10-15
MX9707164A (en) 1998-07-31
ES2138326T3 (en) 2000-01-01
AU4953096A (en) 1996-10-08

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Owner name: MAZZINI ICI S.P.A., ITALY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:NANI, EROS;BONANDRINI, ANDREA;REEL/FRAME:009079/0176

Effective date: 19970910

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Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362

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Effective date: 20030928