US6308658B1 - Animal litter having the property of detecting urinary infection in felines - Google Patents

Animal litter having the property of detecting urinary infection in felines Download PDF

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Publication number
US6308658B1
US6308658B1 US09/636,330 US63633000A US6308658B1 US 6308658 B1 US6308658 B1 US 6308658B1 US 63633000 A US63633000 A US 63633000A US 6308658 B1 US6308658 B1 US 6308658B1
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United States
Prior art keywords
agent
aggregate
percent
litter
weight
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US09/636,330
Inventor
Ralph J. Steckel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
QUALITY LOGISTICS SYSTEMS Inc
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Pet Ecology Brands Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US08/678,240 external-priority patent/US5655480A/en
Application filed by Pet Ecology Brands Inc filed Critical Pet Ecology Brands Inc
Priority to US09/636,330 priority Critical patent/US6308658B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US6308658B1 publication Critical patent/US6308658B1/en
Assigned to QUALITY LOGISTICS SYSTEMS, INC. reassignment QUALITY LOGISTICS SYSTEMS, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PET ECOLOGY BRANDS, INC.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • A01K1/0152—Litter
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • A01K1/0152—Litter
    • A01K1/0154—Litter comprising inorganic material

Definitions

  • This invention relates to animal litter in which a liquid absorbent aggregate acts as a carrier of an agent for detecting urinary infection in cats.
  • an animal litter comprised of a liquid absorbent aggregate that has been treated with an agent to visually indicate the presence of urinary infection in cats.
  • the presence and the degree of infection is represented by the degree of alkalinity of the urine.
  • a litmus-like material such for example as phenolsgullonephthalein
  • a pet owner can, by observing the coloration of clumped litter containing the urine, immediately determine whether or not the pet has a urinary infection. If so, the pet may then be taken to a vet for treatment.
  • the litmus material is available from Merck under such names as Phenol Red, Sodium Golf or Reagent ACS Indicator.
  • the present invention is effective with all known animal litters, among them being various clays, such as those based upon clay minerals kaoline, illite, attapulgite and the like.
  • the litmus material available in granule form may be finely ground into a powder and well mixed with the liquid absorbent aggregate to coat the surfaces of the aggregate granules.
  • the litmus granules are melted at temperatures about 212 Degees F. to form a liquid which is sprayed upon the aggregate.
  • the animal litter of the present invention is a composition comprised of a liquid absorbent aggregate impregnated with an agent for detecting urinary tract infection in cats.
  • the agent is a litmus material which reacts to the alkalinity of the cat urine to change the color of the litter where the cat has voided to indicate to the pet owner the presence and degree of a urinary tract infection.
  • the litmus material is a Phenolsgullonephthalein available from Merck under such names as Phoenol Red, Sodium Golf or Reagent ACS Indicator.
  • the present invention is effective with all known animal litters, among them being various clays, such as those based upon clay minerals kaoline, illite, attapulgite and the like.
  • the litmus agent or material, available in granular form may be finely ground into a powder and well mixed with the liquid absorbent aggregate to coat the surfaces of the aggregate granules.
  • the litmus granules are melted at temperatures of about 212 degrees F. to form a liquid which is sprayed upon the aggregate to coat the surfaces of the granules.
  • the litmus coated granules react to the alkalinity of the cat urine change color to indicate the presence and the severity of a urinary tract infection.
  • the color changes related to the PH of the urine is as follows:
  • Ph factor of 7.0 color is pink
  • Ph factor of 8.0 color is blood red
  • the preferred litter is that described and claimed in co-pending application Ser. No. 08/678,240 filed Jul. 11, 1996 for Animal Control.
  • the preferred litter incorporating features of the present invention comprises an expanded light weight aggregate, a clumping agent, a surfactant and an odor control agent.
  • the composition is dust free, light weight and entirely organic. When the time comes a bio-clumped mass is scooped from the dry litter and flushed down the commode.
  • the light weight aggregate is selected from the class consisting of perlite, vermiculite, herculite, rice hulls and zeolite.
  • Perlite is the preferred aggregate. It may initially be obtained from Harborlite Corporation, 1950 East “W” Ave, Vicksburg, Mich. 49097-0100 in grade ( ⁇ 6+16 millimeters). The perlite is then expanded to provide porous surfaces by heating the perlite to 1800 degrees F.
  • the clumping agent is a polymeric viscosity modifier available from Rhone-Poulenc, Prospect Plains Road, Cranbury, N.J. 0851-7600 and sold under the trade name AgRho DR-2000.
  • the clumping agent is mixed with the litter composition, preferably in an amount ranging from about 1 percent to about 10 percent by weight of the litter composition.
  • the surfactant preferably, is an alkylphenol ethoxylate sold under the trade name CHEMPRO S-100 by Chemorse, Ltd. of 4685 Merie Hay Road, Des Moines, Iowa 50322.
  • the surfactant adds the property of anti-tracking to the composition thus preventing the carrying of portions of the composition from the litter box to other areas of the household.
  • the odor control agent is proprietary to the supplier who maintains it as a trade secret. It is available under the tradename D-ODOR from Enviro Chare America, Inc. P. O. Box 2226, Great Falls, Mont. 59403-2226.
  • the agent is colorless and odor free. It performs the function of odor elimination, not as a coverup, such as a fragrance, which can be repulsive to cats, but prevents the formation of the ammoniacal odors.
  • a preferred formulation of the animal control litter of the present invention is as follows:
  • the composition is prepared by mixing the above components in the percentages given in apparatus which causes the odor control agent, the surfactant and the clumping agent to enter and to fill the pore in the expanded aggregate.
  • the apparatus is a Continental Roto Mixer, Model V5, drum type roto. It rotates at 4 RPM. Every revolution provides 6 folds in the mixing action to assure that each particle of expanded aggregate is uniformly coated.
  • a liquified litmus is sprayed upon the mixed components in lieu of using crushed litmus granules the resulting powder of which is mixed with the other components in the blender or mixer.
  • composition is packaged or shipment in sealed bags which have been placed in cardboard shipping containers or pails so that the vibrations encountered in shipping do not cause the components to separate or to dry out any component.

Abstract

An animal litter comprised of a liquid absorbent aggregate impregnated with a litmus agent for indicating a urinary tract infection in cats.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 08/686,309, filed Jul. 25, 1996, U.S. Pat. No. 6,101,978, issued Aug. 15, 2000, which is a Continuation in Part of application Ser. No. 08/678,240 filed Jul. 11, 1996, U.S. Pat. No. 5,655,480, issued Aug. 12, 1997.
This is a continuation-in-part of co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 08/678,240 filed Jul. 11, 1996 for ANIMAL CONTROL LITTER.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to animal litter in which a liquid absorbent aggregate acts as a carrier of an agent for detecting urinary infection in cats.
2. Brief Description of Related Art
Because of the growing number of domestic animals, particularly cats, used as house pets, there is an increasing need for a simple means to inform the pet owner of the presence of urinary infections so that curative steps can be taken to avoid serious illness in the animal.
To the extent I am aware, the only procedure available today for detecting urinary infection in cats is to take the animal to a vet who makes an appropriate test. The test usually involves the taking of a urine sample and testing it for the presence of infection. Cats are not always cooperative in the sample gathering procedure and therefore there is a need for a simple technique for determining the presence of urinary infection that avoids the need for obtaining urine samples.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an animal litter that is impregnated with an agent for indicating the presence of infection.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an animal litter containing an agent sensitive to the alkalinity of cat urine to indicate a measure of urinary infection.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an animal litter that enables a pet owner to immediately determine the presence of a urinary infection without the need to take the animal to a vet.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the present invention there is provided an animal litter comprised of a liquid absorbent aggregate that has been treated with an agent to visually indicate the presence of urinary infection in cats. The presence and the degree of infection is represented by the degree of alkalinity of the urine. Thus by impregnating the litter with a litmus-like material, such for example as phenolsgullonephthalein, a pet owner can, by observing the coloration of clumped litter containing the urine, immediately determine whether or not the pet has a urinary infection. If so, the pet may then be taken to a vet for treatment.
The litmus material is available from Merck under such names as Phenol Red, Sodium Golf or Reagent ACS Indicator.
The present invention is effective with all known animal litters, among them being various clays, such as those based upon clay minerals kaoline, illite, attapulgite and the like. The litmus material, available in granule form may be finely ground into a powder and well mixed with the liquid absorbent aggregate to coat the surfaces of the aggregate granules. Preferably the litmus granules are melted at temperatures about 212 Degees F. to form a liquid which is sprayed upon the aggregate.
While the invention is effective with clay based litters, the preferred litter is that described and claimed in co-pending application Ser. No. 08/678,240 filed Jul. 11, 1996 for Animal Control Litter.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The animal litter of the present invention is a composition comprised of a liquid absorbent aggregate impregnated with an agent for detecting urinary tract infection in cats. The agent is a litmus material which reacts to the alkalinity of the cat urine to change the color of the litter where the cat has voided to indicate to the pet owner the presence and degree of a urinary tract infection. The litmus material is a Phenolsgullonephthalein available from Merck under such names as Phoenol Red, Sodium Golf or Reagent ACS Indicator.
The present invention is effective with all known animal litters, among them being various clays, such as those based upon clay minerals kaoline, illite, attapulgite and the like. The litmus agent or material, available in granular form may be finely ground into a powder and well mixed with the liquid absorbent aggregate to coat the surfaces of the aggregate granules. Preferably the litmus granules are melted at temperatures of about 212 degrees F. to form a liquid which is sprayed upon the aggregate to coat the surfaces of the granules.
The litmus coated granules react to the alkalinity of the cat urine change color to indicate the presence and the severity of a urinary tract infection. The color changes related to the PH of the urine is as follows:
Ph factor of 7.0, color is pink
Ph factor of 7.5, color is red
Ph factor of 8.0, color is blood red
All colors indicate the presence of a urinary tract infection. Should the blood red color be observed the pet owner should immediately take steps to cure the condition. In fact the presence of any of the colors should give rise to visit a vet for treatment to the animal.
While the invention is effective with clay based litters, the preferred litter is that described and claimed in co-pending application Ser. No. 08/678,240 filed Jul. 11, 1996 for Animal Control. The preferred litter incorporating features of the present invention comprises an expanded light weight aggregate, a clumping agent, a surfactant and an odor control agent. The composition is dust free, light weight and entirely organic. When the time comes a bio-clumped mass is scooped from the dry litter and flushed down the commode.
The light weight aggregate is selected from the class consisting of perlite, vermiculite, herculite, rice hulls and zeolite. Perlite is the preferred aggregate. It may initially be obtained from Harborlite Corporation, 1950 East “W” Ave, Vicksburg, Mich. 49097-0100 in grade (−6+16 millimeters). The perlite is then expanded to provide porous surfaces by heating the perlite to 1800 degrees F.
The clumping agent is a polymeric viscosity modifier available from Rhone-Poulenc, Prospect Plains Road, Cranbury, N.J. 0851-7600 and sold under the trade name AgRho DR-2000. In order to enable the litter composition to agglomerate into a mass upon contact with animal urine the clumping agent is mixed with the litter composition, preferably in an amount ranging from about 1 percent to about 10 percent by weight of the litter composition.
The surfactant, preferably, is an alkylphenol ethoxylate sold under the trade name CHEMPRO S-100 by Chemorse, Ltd. of 4685 Merie Hay Road, Des Moines, Iowa 50322. The surfactant adds the property of anti-tracking to the composition thus preventing the carrying of portions of the composition from the litter box to other areas of the household.
The odor control agent is proprietary to the supplier who maintains it as a trade secret. It is available under the tradename D-ODOR from Enviro Chare America, Inc. P. O. Box 2226, Great Falls, Mont. 59403-2226. The agent is colorless and odor free. It performs the function of odor elimination, not as a coverup, such as a fragrance, which can be repulsive to cats, but prevents the formation of the ammoniacal odors.
A preferred formulation of the animal control litter of the present invention is as follows:
89.1 percent by weight of expanded aggregate
00.4 percent by weight of odor control agent
07.0 percent by weight of clumping agent
03.0 percent by weight of surfactant
00.5 percent by weight of phenolsgullonephthalein
The composition is prepared by mixing the above components in the percentages given in apparatus which causes the odor control agent, the surfactant and the clumping agent to enter and to fill the pore in the expanded aggregate. The apparatus is a Continental Roto Mixer, Model V5, drum type roto. It rotates at 4 RPM. Every revolution provides 6 folds in the mixing action to assure that each particle of expanded aggregate is uniformly coated.
In the alternative a liquified litmus is sprayed upon the mixed components in lieu of using crushed litmus granules the resulting powder of which is mixed with the other components in the blender or mixer.
The composition is packaged or shipment in sealed bags which have been placed in cardboard shipping containers or pails so that the vibrations encountered in shipping do not cause the components to separate or to dry out any component.
Now that the invention has been described, modifications will occur to those skilled in the art and it is intended to cover such modifications which fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (5)

What is claimed is:
1. Animal litter comprised of a liquid absorbent aggregate impregnated with a litmus agent to indicate the presence of urinary tract infection in cats in which the component parts are present in the following amount,
89.1 percent by weight of an expanded aggregate,
00.4 percent by weight of an odor control agent,
07.0 percent by weight of a clumping agent,
03.0 percent by weight of a surfactant.
00.5 percent by weight of said litmus agent.
2. The animal litter of claim 1 in which said aggregate is a clay mineral selected from the class consisting of kaoline, illite, and attapulgite.
3. The animal litter of claim 1 in which the aggregate is an expanded aggregate selected from the class consisting of perlite, vermiculite, herculite, rice hulls and zeolite.
4. The animal litter of claim 1 in which the litmus agent is a phenolsgullonephthalein.
5. The animal control litter of claim 1 in which the surfactant is an alkylphenol ethoxylate, the clumping agent is a polymeric viscosity modifier and the litmus material is a phenolsgullonephthalein.
US09/636,330 1996-07-11 2000-08-10 Animal litter having the property of detecting urinary infection in felines Expired - Fee Related US6308658B1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/678,240 US5655480A (en) 1996-07-11 1996-07-11 Animal control litter
US08/686,309 US6101978A (en) 1996-07-11 1996-07-25 Animal litter having the property of detecting urinary infection in cats
US09/636,330 US6308658B1 (en) 1996-07-11 2000-08-10 Animal litter having the property of detecting urinary infection in felines

Related Parent Applications (1)

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US08/686,309 Continuation US6101978A (en) 1996-07-11 1996-07-25 Animal litter having the property of detecting urinary infection in cats

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US09/636,330 Expired - Fee Related US6308658B1 (en) 1996-07-11 2000-08-10 Animal litter having the property of detecting urinary infection in felines

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050175577A1 (en) * 2004-02-06 2005-08-11 The Clorox Company Absorbent composition with improved odor control
US7059273B2 (en) 2001-10-16 2006-06-13 The Iams Company Absorbent composition and extended use pet litter
WO2008024862A2 (en) * 2006-08-22 2008-02-28 Pet Ecology Brands, Inc. Animal litter having the property of detecting diabetes in felines
US20090255478A1 (en) * 2006-11-20 2009-10-15 Wadams Robert C Clump recognition animal litter
US20140005030A1 (en) * 2010-04-14 2014-01-02 Nch Corporation Absorbent Polymer Composition with Hazard Indicator
US20150208606A1 (en) * 2012-08-27 2015-07-30 The All Natural Pet Litter Company Pty Ltd Odour controller
US9253961B2 (en) 2003-07-11 2016-02-09 The Clorox Company Composite absorbent particles
US9283540B2 (en) 2003-07-11 2016-03-15 The Clorox Company Composite absorbent particles
US9795112B2 (en) 2013-02-20 2017-10-24 Healthy Happy Pets, Llc Animal litter having light-weight composition
US9908799B2 (en) 2014-05-23 2018-03-06 Nch Corporation Method for improving quality of aquaculture pond water
US9986714B2 (en) 2012-12-26 2018-06-05 Nestec Sa Low density coated animal litter compositions
US10071363B2 (en) 2009-11-24 2018-09-11 The Clorox Company Non-visible activated carbon in absorbent materials
US10150821B2 (en) 2016-07-29 2018-12-11 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Heterocyclic amido transition metal complexes, production and use thereof
US10477833B2 (en) 2015-10-23 2019-11-19 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. Low density pet litters and methods of making such pet litters
US10653729B2 (en) 2013-10-25 2020-05-19 Nch Corporation Delivery system and probiotic composition for animals and plants
US10660301B1 (en) * 2015-08-07 2020-05-26 Pretty Litter, Inc. Health monitoring cat litter
US10766799B2 (en) 2014-05-23 2020-09-08 Nch Corporation Method for improving quality of aquaculture pond water using a nutrient germinant composition and spore incubation method
US11401500B2 (en) 2018-08-29 2022-08-02 Nch Corporation System, method, and composition for incubating spores for use in aquaculture, agriculture, wastewater, and environmental remediation applications
US11918969B2 (en) 2019-12-06 2024-03-05 The Clorox Company Low dusting, small clumping highly absorptive animal litter

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JPH0827942B2 (en) * 1987-11-30 1996-03-21 コニカ株式会社 Method of manufacturing magnetic recording medium
US6298598B1 (en) * 1999-08-17 2001-10-09 Sylvan America, Inc. Materials for mycoculture
NL1015640C2 (en) * 2000-07-06 2002-01-08 Univ Delft Tech Device and method for determining the shape and / or size of small particles.
US20140230739A1 (en) * 2013-02-20 2014-08-21 James Norman Goff Animal litter having light-weight composition and a property of detecting animal health conditions from contact with animal urine

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US5371054A (en) * 1993-08-13 1994-12-06 Engelhard Corporation Compositions for use as diagnostic animal litter and methods for their preparation
US5830765A (en) * 1993-09-22 1998-11-03 Ranpak Corp. Feline urinary tract disease-detecting paper cat litter and method

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US4326481A (en) * 1980-11-03 1982-04-27 Gruss John E Urine collection procedure for cats and apparatus therefor
US5359960A (en) * 1986-07-15 1994-11-01 Patrick Yananton Diagnostic system for use with small animals
US5143023A (en) * 1990-10-16 1992-09-01 Kleanheart, Inc. Animal litter with chemically bound chemical indicators
US5267532A (en) * 1992-05-05 1993-12-07 Anitox Corporation pH-indicating material and cat litter containing same
US5303676A (en) * 1993-05-03 1994-04-19 Church & Dwight Co., Inc. Animal litters containing a deodorizing additive
US5371054A (en) * 1993-08-13 1994-12-06 Engelhard Corporation Compositions for use as diagnostic animal litter and methods for their preparation
US5830765A (en) * 1993-09-22 1998-11-03 Ranpak Corp. Feline urinary tract disease-detecting paper cat litter and method

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7475655B2 (en) 2001-10-16 2009-01-13 The Iams Company Absorbent composition and extended use pet litter
US7059273B2 (en) 2001-10-16 2006-06-13 The Iams Company Absorbent composition and extended use pet litter
US20060124069A1 (en) * 2001-10-16 2006-06-15 Wong Vincent Y Absorbent composition and extended use pet litter
US9283540B2 (en) 2003-07-11 2016-03-15 The Clorox Company Composite absorbent particles
US9253961B2 (en) 2003-07-11 2016-02-09 The Clorox Company Composite absorbent particles
US20050175577A1 (en) * 2004-02-06 2005-08-11 The Clorox Company Absorbent composition with improved odor control
US7533630B2 (en) * 2006-08-22 2009-05-19 Pet Ecology Brands, Inc. Animal litter having the property of detecting diabetes in felines
US20080087226A1 (en) * 2006-08-22 2008-04-17 Pet Ecology Brands, Inc. Animal litter having the property of detecting diabetes in felines
WO2008024862A2 (en) * 2006-08-22 2008-02-28 Pet Ecology Brands, Inc. Animal litter having the property of detecting diabetes in felines
WO2008024862A3 (en) * 2006-08-22 2008-12-04 Pet Ecology Brands Inc Animal litter having the property of detecting diabetes in felines
US20090255478A1 (en) * 2006-11-20 2009-10-15 Wadams Robert C Clump recognition animal litter
US8156896B2 (en) * 2006-11-20 2012-04-17 Church & Dwight Co., Inc. Clump recognition animal litter
US10071363B2 (en) 2009-11-24 2018-09-11 The Clorox Company Non-visible activated carbon in absorbent materials
US20140005030A1 (en) * 2010-04-14 2014-01-02 Nch Corporation Absorbent Polymer Composition with Hazard Indicator
US8961820B2 (en) * 2010-04-14 2015-02-24 Nch Corporation Absorbent polymer composition with hazard indicator
US20150208606A1 (en) * 2012-08-27 2015-07-30 The All Natural Pet Litter Company Pty Ltd Odour controller
US11109563B2 (en) 2012-12-26 2021-09-07 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. Low density coated animal litter compositions
US9986714B2 (en) 2012-12-26 2018-06-05 Nestec Sa Low density coated animal litter compositions
US10531636B2 (en) 2012-12-26 2020-01-14 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. Low density coated animal litter compositions
US9795112B2 (en) 2013-02-20 2017-10-24 Healthy Happy Pets, Llc Animal litter having light-weight composition
US10653729B2 (en) 2013-10-25 2020-05-19 Nch Corporation Delivery system and probiotic composition for animals and plants
US9908799B2 (en) 2014-05-23 2018-03-06 Nch Corporation Method for improving quality of aquaculture pond water
US10766799B2 (en) 2014-05-23 2020-09-08 Nch Corporation Method for improving quality of aquaculture pond water using a nutrient germinant composition and spore incubation method
US11076577B1 (en) * 2015-08-07 2021-08-03 Pretty Litter, Inc. Health monitoring cat litter
US10660301B1 (en) * 2015-08-07 2020-05-26 Pretty Litter, Inc. Health monitoring cat litter
US10881077B2 (en) 2015-10-23 2021-01-05 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. Low density pet litters and methods of making such pet litters
US10477833B2 (en) 2015-10-23 2019-11-19 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. Low density pet litters and methods of making such pet litters
US11457606B2 (en) 2015-10-23 2022-10-04 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. Low density pet litters and methods of making and using such pet litters
US10150821B2 (en) 2016-07-29 2018-12-11 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Heterocyclic amido transition metal complexes, production and use thereof
US11401500B2 (en) 2018-08-29 2022-08-02 Nch Corporation System, method, and composition for incubating spores for use in aquaculture, agriculture, wastewater, and environmental remediation applications
US11918969B2 (en) 2019-12-06 2024-03-05 The Clorox Company Low dusting, small clumping highly absorptive animal litter

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