US6359994B1 - Portable computer expansion base with enhancement speaker - Google Patents
Portable computer expansion base with enhancement speaker Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6359994B1 US6359994B1 US09/086,054 US8605498A US6359994B1 US 6359994 B1 US6359994 B1 US 6359994B1 US 8605498 A US8605498 A US 8605498A US 6359994 B1 US6359994 B1 US 6359994B1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- expansion base
- speaker
- portable computer
- low
- frequency
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
- G06F1/1613—Constructional details or arrangements for portable computers
- G06F1/1615—Constructional details or arrangements for portable computers with several enclosures having relative motions, each enclosure supporting at least one I/O or computing function
- G06F1/1616—Constructional details or arrangements for portable computers with several enclosures having relative motions, each enclosure supporting at least one I/O or computing function with folding flat displays, e.g. laptop computers or notebooks having a clamshell configuration, with body parts pivoting to an open position around an axis parallel to the plane they define in closed position
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
- G06F1/1613—Constructional details or arrangements for portable computers
- G06F1/1632—External expansion units, e.g. docking stations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
- G06F1/1613—Constructional details or arrangements for portable computers
- G06F1/1633—Constructional details or arrangements of portable computers not specific to the type of enclosures covered by groups G06F1/1615 - G06F1/1626
- G06F1/1684—Constructional details or arrangements related to integrated I/O peripherals not covered by groups G06F1/1635 - G06F1/1675
- G06F1/1688—Constructional details or arrangements related to integrated I/O peripherals not covered by groups G06F1/1635 - G06F1/1675 the I/O peripheral being integrated loudspeakers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
- H04R5/02—Spatial or constructional arrangements of loudspeakers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2205/00—Details of stereophonic arrangements covered by H04R5/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2205/021—Aspects relating to docking-station type assemblies to obtain an acoustical effect, e.g. the type of connection to external loudspeakers or housings, frequency improvement
Definitions
- This application is related to audio speaker systems in portable computers.
- the design of sound reproduction systems is not only based on considerations of electrical and acoustical engineering and physics, but also requires knowledge of psychoacoustics, i.e. how sound is perceived by listeners.
- One of the parameters of psychoacoustics is spatial impression.
- the listener When a sound is generated in a room, the listener will first hear the sound via the direct path from the source. Shortly thereafter, the listener will hear the reflections of the sound off surfaces such as walls or ceilings. Human listeners will assess the size of the space they are in by listening to laterally reflected sound which accompanies a sound signal. Thus, in a loudspeaker system it is desirable to have some sound transmission paths which reach the ears of the listener with a certain amount of delay (e.g. 10-60 milliseconds) as compared with the direct transmission path.
- a certain amount of delay e.g. 10-60 milliseconds
- the ratio of laterally reflected energy to directly transmitted energy can be increased: the higher this ratio, the greater the spatial impression. (An extreme case of this is found in a symphony concert hall, where there is almost no direct sound.)
- stereo Since its introduction in the 1950's, stereo has been regarded as an essential minimum requirement of quality sound reproduction. Stereo can convey a traditional soundstage in which the sound comes from the front, such as when one attends a play or concert. However, even stereo has shortcomings when required to convey the ambience where the sound is heard from all around the listener. Stereo's lack of spatiality undermines sonic realism in, for example, a game where aircraft fly overhead from front to back, or footsteps come from off to the side. For this reason various “surround sound” schemes have been used, to provide at least some speaker output behind the listeners' positions.
- volume and power consumption Two driving constraints on the development of portable computers are volume and power consumption.
- the form factor of portable computers cannot be expanded, so that volume is a key resource. Additional functions are continually sought to be added, and many of these place new demands on available volume. Moreover, as larger display sizes become available they require more area in the lid, and hence consume more volume. Similarly, users continually demand more battery lifetime, which implies a continuous struggle to minimize power consumption.
- a conventional audio engineering technique for enhancing low-frequency reproduction is subwoofers.
- a conventional subwoofer is an additional speaker which is designed to produce deep bass (and only bass).
- the design specifications for a subwoofer typically cover only a limited range of frequencies (typically 3 octaves or less), so the subwoofer can be optimized for efficiency and power-handling in this range.
- Low-pass filtering is typically used to prevent the subwoofer from exposure to midrange signals, so midrange distortion (which can be caused e.g. by cone breakup with large cone diameters) is not a concern.
- subwoofers in component systems commonly use large cone diameters, such as 12 inches or more.
- the cabinets of conventional subwoofers are often designed with tuned-port resonances which will optimize efficiency at low frequencies.
- a bass guitar's low E has a wavelength of about 27 feet, and human ears are too close together for directional hearing at such wavelengths.
- the listener's ears are fooled into “hearing” all of the sound, including the bass, coming from the satellites.
- a good quality subwoofer operates in frequency down to 35 Hz or lower. Over 150 Hz, it will start interfering with the stereo effect of the satellite speakers.
- subwoofers have also been used in volume-limited audio systems, such as automotive systems. Such “subwoofers” are not of the same dimensions as those in component systems, but still serve to extend the range of the total speaker system. For example, in a portable computer system which has small primary left and right speakers whose response rolls off below 300 Hz or so, a subwoofer in an expansion base would typically have an upper frequency of 500 Hz or so.
- the present application discloses the use of a portable computer expansion base with an added low-frequency-capable speaker which is not merely a subwoofer.
- the response of this added speaker not only provides subwoofer effects, but also is extended above the subwoofer range to provide other functions. Specifically, the response is extended high enough to provide directionality, and the direction of acoustic emission is primarily toward the rear of the unit, away from the listener. This rearward emission provides multiple benefits, at frequencies above the subwoofer range, which in various embodiments may include some or all of the following:
- FIGS. 1A and 1B schematically show a sample embodiment of speaker placement in a portable computer which is docked in an expansion base with the enhancement speaker
- FIG. 1C shows a computer being docked to a thin enhancement base.
- FIG. 2 shows a reflected sound wave path emitted from the expansion speaker of the docking station.
- FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of the audio circuit of the preferred embodiment.
- FIG. 4 shows a plot of the expansion speaker frequency response.
- FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of a portable computer system when docked in the expansion base, and according to the preferred embodiment.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B show preferred embodiments of an expansion base incorporating a low-frequency speaker.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B schematically show a sample embodiment of speaker placement in a portable computer which is docked in an expansion base with the enhancement speaker.
- the expansion base 100 accepts a portable computer 108 with a display 103 .
- the computer 108 may comprise a first set of forward-firing voiceband/high-frequency speakers 106 located in the display 103 , and/or a second set of forward-firing speakers 104 located in the main body 102 of computer 108 .
- a low-frequency-capable rear-firing enhancement speaker 107 may be located in the rear of the main body 102 of the computer 108 .
- the enhancement speaker 107 emits acoustic energy through the gap beneath the computer, and a significant fraction of this energy will escape toward the rear. If acoustically reflective surfaces happen to be near the speaker system (as is likely), then this rear-directed emission can be reflected back to the listener's position.
- the low-frequency enhancement speaker 107 is positioned in the expansion base in such a way that acoustic energy from the speaker 107 is emitted in a downward direction toward the surface upon which the expansion base 100 is sitting.
- the expansion speaker has approximately 18 cubic inches of volume.
- the speaker 107 may be positioned anywhere (for example, at location 109 ) in the expansion base 100 to provide optimal low-frequency acoustical energy radiation.
- FIG. 1C shows the mechanical relations involved in docking a computer 108 to a thin enhancement base 100 .
- the thin enhancement base 100 may also comprise a CD-ROM drive 110 as an add-on peripheral.
- the enhancement base 100 may also comprise forward speakers 114 to enhance audio fidelity and spatial impression to the listener.
- the enhancement base 100 speakers 114 may be designed to work in concert with the portable computer speakers 104 .
- the portable computer 108 may also comprise a removable hard drive 112 data portability and easy upgrading.
- FIG. 6A illustrates one implementation of the low-frequency-capable enhancement speaker in an expansion base.
- the enhancement speaker 600 is positioned in a rear corner 605 of the expansion base 601 .
- the cut-away portion of the base 601 provides an opening, exposing the speaker grill 603 , to allow acoustical energy to pass freely from the base unit 601 to a reflecting surface 604 on which the computer sits.
- Expansion base pads 602 provide low-frequency vibration mitigation between the surface 604 and the expansion base 601 during, for example, high volume excursions.
- an open channel in the bottom surface of the base can be used to provide additional acoustic loading for low frequencies.
- FIG. 6B illustrates an alternative embodiment where the enhancement speaker 600 is centered in the rear of the expansion base 601 .
- the position of the speaker may be in a variety of locations based on a number of constraints, including design and sound quality.
- FIG. 2 shows a reflected sound wave path of sound emitted from the expansion speaker of the docking station.
- a listener 200 is seated in front of the computer 108 positioned in expansion base 100 .
- Listener 200 senses sound waves 201 from the rear-firing low-frequency enhancement speaker 107 when the sounds are reflected off surfaces 202 .
- forward-firing speakers 104 provide the high-frequency audio component to the listener 200 .
- FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of the audio circuit of the preferred embodiment.
- Left channel input 326 receives an audio signal for processing to the left channel speaker 300 .
- the signal is fed through a left channel equalizer 306 to amplifier 320 to drive speaker 300 .
- the signal path discussion is similar for the right channel.
- the audio signal left and right channel (mono) components are added in summer 314 before being filtered.
- a low-pass filter circuit 310 comprises a filter that passes low-frequency components (up to approximately 800 Hz) to the amplifier 324 for driving the expansion speaker 304 .
- the low-pass filter circuit 310 preferably also comprises an equalizer.
- the left and right channel signal components are subtracted in circuit 316 prior to filtering.
- the surround sound effects are obtained by way of the channel comprising circuit 316 and band-pass filter 312 .
- the band-pass filter circuit 312 also comprises an equalizer, and the filter permits desired signal frequencies to be passed to the amplifier 324 , after an optional time delay 318 .
- the expansion speaker has bandpass filtering which extends the upper roll-off point beyond that which is typical for conventional subwoofer systems.
- the expansion speaker's response curve 450 is based on a three-stage filter, and has a lower ⁇ 3 dB point (Point A) of around 100 Hz, and an upper ⁇ 3 dB point (Point B) of around 600 to 800 Hz. (By contrast, an upper ⁇ 3 dB point for a small subwoofer would more typically be in the neighborhood of 300 to 400 Hz.)
- the frequency response curve 452 is developed using a 5-stage equalizer which extends the upper frequency range.
- FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of a portable computer when docked in an expansion base, and according to the presently preferred embodiment.
- the expansion base 501 comprises an interface connection 503 for connecting to the portable computer 500 .
- the expansion base 501 comprises a expansion speaker system 508 for generating the low bass sounds.
- additional speakers 504 and 505 may be added into the base 501 for the high frequency stereo component.
- a sound circuit 509 provides interfacing to the speakers which are in the base 501 .
- Other optional features of the base 501 are a PCMCIA card slot 506 for using cardbus devices, and a device slot 507 for inserting CD drives, or perhaps hard drives.
- the interface circuitry 502 provides general interfacing to many of the functions provide in the base 501 .
- the portable computer system 500 comprises, in this example:
- user input devices e.g. keyboard 535 and mouse 540 ;
- At least one microprocessor 525 which is operatively connected to receive inputs from said input device, through an interface manager chip 530 (which also provides an interface to the various ports);
- a memory e.g. flash or non-volatile memory 555 and RAM 560 , which is accessible by the microprocessor;
- a data output device e.g. display 550 and video display adapter card 545 ) which is connected to output data generated by the microprocessor 525 ;
- a magnetic disk drive 570 which is read-write accessible, through an interface unit 565 , by the microprocessor 525 :
- a sound system comprising a sound circuit 595 driving a speaker system 597 .
- the portable computer may also include a CD-ROM drive 580 and floppy disk drive (“FDD”) 575 which may interface to the disk interface controller 565 .
- FDD floppy disk drive
- L 2 cache 585 may be added to speed data access from the disk drives to the microprocessor, and a PCMCIA 590 slot accommodates peripheral enhancements.
- the upper range of the low-pass filter is not limited to 800 Hz, but may be extended through the voice band (e.g. to 10 kHz) to enhance the mid-range projection of the system.
- a portable computer expansion base system comprising: an interface for interfacing to a portable computer which includes a plurality of computer speakers; and at least one expansion base speaker mounted in said expansion base, and connected to be driven, together with said computer speakers of said portable computer docked in said expansion base, by an audio signal; wherein said expansion base speaker is predominantly rearward-firing, and operates at frequencies below 200 Hz and above 500 Hz; whereby acoustical energy emitted from said expansion base speaker can be reflected from ambient structures to a listener, and, in combination with sound emitted from said computer speakers, provides an enhanced psychoacoustic effect for the listener.
- a portable computer expansion base system comprising: an interface for interfacing to a portable computer which includes a plurality of computer speakers; device slots for accepting compatible devices into said expansion base; and at least one expansion base speaker mounted in said expansion base to emit acoustic energy in a predominantly rearward and/or sideways direction; wherein said expansion base speaker is driven to more than 700 Hertz at the upper ⁇ 3 dB point, and to less than 200 Hz at a lower ⁇ 3 dB point.
- a portable computer expansion base system comprising: a portable computer which includes a plurality of computer speakers and at least one audio signal generation circuit which is operatively connected to drive said computer speakers with a multi-channel audio signal; an expansion base, including an interface for interfacing to said portable computer; at least one enhancement speaker mounted in said expansion base, and mechanically positioned to be predominantly rearward-firing; and a driver circuit which is operatively connected to drive said enhancement speaker in accordance with said audio signal, over a frequency range which extends from frequencies below 200 Hz to frequencies above 500 Hz.
- a method for providing low-frequency audio in a portable computer expansion base comprising the steps of: operating one or more low-frequency-capable speakers, which are located in the back of said expansion base, in concert with computer speakers of a portable computer docked in said expansion base; wherein said computer speakers of said portable computer docked in said expansion base also emit voiceband audio signals in concert with low-frequency audio signals of said low-frequency speaker to produce an enhanced psychoacoustic effect; wherein sound generated from said low-frequency speaker is reflected back to a listener seated in front of said expansion base.
- a method for providing low-frequency audio in a portable computer expansion base comprising the steps of: (a.) interfacing to a portable computer with a plurality of computer speakers; (b.) transmitting an audio signal from said portable computer to at least one expansion base speaker mounted in said expansion base; wherein said audio signal comprises at least first and second component signals; and (c.) driving said expansion base speaker with a driver circuit, said driver circuit comprising both a low-pass filter for filtering said first signal component, and a band-pass filter for filtering said second signal component; a driver circuit which is operatively connected to drive said expansion base speaker in accordance with said audio signal, over a frequency range which extends from frequencies below 200 Hz to frequencies above 500 Hz; whereby said expansion base speaker enhances psychoacoustic effects.
Abstract
Description
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US09/086,054 US6359994B1 (en) | 1998-05-28 | 1998-05-28 | Portable computer expansion base with enhancement speaker |
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US09/086,054 US6359994B1 (en) | 1998-05-28 | 1998-05-28 | Portable computer expansion base with enhancement speaker |
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