US7675462B2 - Method and system for the alignment of an earth station antenna with a satellite antenna - Google Patents
Method and system for the alignment of an earth station antenna with a satellite antenna Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US7675462B2 US7675462B2 US11/884,061 US88406105A US7675462B2 US 7675462 B2 US7675462 B2 US 7675462B2 US 88406105 A US88406105 A US 88406105A US 7675462 B2 US7675462 B2 US 7675462B2
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- earth station
- reference signal
- satellite
- alignment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18513—Transmission in a satellite or space-based system
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the alignment of an earth station antenna with a satellite antenna and a system for putting into practice said method.
- operators of earth station terminals are requested to perform a pre-transmission alignment (line-up) when accessing a satellite for the first time.
- the initial line-up phase focuses on the effective isotropic radiated power EIRP, on frequency and antenna alignment, in order to ensure correct and interference free access to the satellite.
- the antenna of an earth station terminal must both be pointed correctly at the antenna of the respective satellite and, in the case of linear polarization, it must also be oriented about its axis to maximize reception of the linearly polarized signal.
- an antenna for linear polarized signals must be set up with particular care.
- the antenna transmits both with the required polarization and with the perpendicular polarization, which causes interference to other services. Consequently, standards generally require an earth station transmitting with linear polarization to satisfy a minimum polarization discrimination requirement.
- one of the problems of installing low cost small earth station terminals is that for the initial antenna alignment and terminal configuration a service technician is required which needs to be trained to install bi-directional satellite communication systems. Consequently the deployment of a telecommunication system in which a geostationary satellite communicates with a plurality of ground stations consumes a lot of time and money (traveling costs, expenses, etc.).
- this object is realized with a method for the alignment of an earth station antenna with a satellite antenna, wherein a reference signal, emitted by the earth station antenna is analyzed in a monitoring station and the reference signal is used as a carrier for authentication information about the earth station terminal.
- the present invention provides a simple solution for the need to send information about the earth station terminal.
- a so called CW signal Continuous Wave signal
- a sinus signal is used as reference signal.
- the information is modulated on this signal by on-off keying the CW signal.
- this is a form of digital modulation of the signal.
- the on-off keying is done with a very slow bitrate (eg 2 bits/sec.), so the bandwidth of the modulated signal is very low.
- the expression on-off keying will be used in the following preferably.
- the CW signal may be modulated with different levels of amplitude instead of applying pure on-off keying.
- the object of the invention is also realized with a System comprising:
- FIG. 1 shows exemplary a typical two-way satellite communication system.
- the system according to FIG. 1 comprises a satellite, an earth station terminal comprising an indoor-unit IDU and an outdoor-unit ODU, a monitoring station AMMS, and a central earth station HUB.
- the central earth station HUB is used for the connection of the satellite system to a communication network, for example the internet.
- the central earth station HUB comprises means IF, FLS, RLS for the communication via satellite to the earth station terminal IDU, ODU.
- the expression “forward-link” will be used for the signals from the central earth station HUB to the earth station terminal IDU, ODU, while “return-link” will denote signals in the other direction.
- One of the elements of such a system is the so called antenna misalignment monitoring station AMMS with interface components RF INT, NI, components for the measurement of antenna and transmission characteristics as the signal level and the co-polar and cross-polar components of the signal SA 2 /VSA, SA 3 , Cal. Syst., and a component SA 1 for the detection and identification of Line Up requests of the earth station terminal IDU.
- the different tasks associated with SA 1 , SA 2 /VSA and SA 3 may be implemented by a single device, depending on the performance and redundancy requested.
- terminal IDU In the present example only one terminal IDU, ODU is shown, because it is sufficient for the understanding of the invention, whereas in real satellite systems, the number of terminals IDU, ODU is not limited.
- the earth station terminal includes a personal computer which is connected to the indoor-unit IDU.
- a dedicated SW application ELU is installed, which guides the client through the installation, configuration and line-up process.
- the dedicated SW application may be implemented as part of the IDU and, on the other hand, the IDU tasks itself may be implemented in terms of an extension module belonging to the PC (e.g. PCI card).
- This SW-application may also provide relevant help functionality for supporting the customer with solutions for possibly appearing problems.
- the customer needs to select the installed HW and relevant terminal capabilities (antenna model, transmitter model, LNB frequency shift, serial cable installed, etc.);
- the terminal After the installation process, the terminal will act as a regular subscriber in the communication network, the Internet, to which the satellite system is connected by means of the Central earth station HUB. So the corresponding IP addresses, subnet masks and routing tables (e.g. derived from the terminal MAC address) have to be configured.
- the customer needs to configure the relevant receive parameters (e.g. frequency and symbol rate).
- the relevant receive parameters e.g. frequency and symbol rate.
- the service provider should give this information to the customer.
- the terminal and/or SW application could be delivered in a preconfigured condition according the information from the service provider or the application could offer to perform a blind frequency scanning, which automatically tries to find forward link services for customer selection purpose.
- the application checks the receive level (e.g. SNR>7 dB) and if the terminal has successfully achieved the synchronization status;
- the default CW transmit frequency configuration should be regularly broadcasted via forward link to all terminals (e.g. via PID filtering). This enables the SW-application to automatically configure the correct frequency.
- the CW transmit frequency parameter can be configured manually according the information from the service provider;
- the terminal In order to enable the terminal to compensate for the difference in transmission times, depending on the geographical location of the terminal with respect to the satellite, it needs to be configured with its local GPS coordinates.
- the SW application may provide some kind of graphical presentation for customer self-checking purpose (e.g. position indication in a map).
- the system may support to configure the GPS coordinates in an automatic way at a later time with the help of the antenna misalignment monitoring station AMMS.
- the customer may initiate a line-up request.
- the terminal starts to transmit the relevant authentication information (e.g. MAC address, IP address, PID filter, installation ID, time slot information, etc.) according to the invention by on-off keying the CW Signal at the center frequency.
- relevant authentication information e.g. MAC address, IP address, PID filter, installation ID, time slot information, etc.
- the terminal IDU, ODU may transmit a line-up request at any time what requires the antenna misalignment monitoring station AMMS to permanently scan the relevant frequency range to detect and decode the pulsed CW signal.
- the system In case of linear polarized signals the system simultaneously scans the co-polar and cross-polar component of the signal and takes the maximum for authentication purpose.
- the applied protocol In order to support multiple, not synchronized, initial line-up requests the applied protocol shall be pure ALOHA.
- the application of this protocol maximizes the use of network resources, taking into account that the probability of an initial line-up request from a single terminal is usually low.
- pure ALOHA is a practical access method, as it results in a use of network resources in the order of 20%.
- terminal ID the relevant information for addressing the terminal via the forward link
- terminal ID the relevant information for addressing the terminal via the forward link
- Bits including redundancy, coding and encryption
- the system will support random frequency divided multiple access.
- the terminal transmits the pulsed CW signal at a random frequency channel adjacent to the default CW frequency.
- the application will support 15 frequency channels to serve authentication of approximately 200 terminals per hour (provided that not more than 200 terminals per hour are requesting).
- ODU In case a terminal is not successfully identified after a certain amount of randomly delayed repetitions it will not receive an acknowledgement from the monitoring station (via the forward link) and consequently the terminal IDU, ODU will be disabled for transmission. This mechanism avoids the risk of generating permanent interference to existing services.
- the SW application will offer to unlock the terminal IDU, ODU via an activation code, which the customer may request from the service hotline, where also manual assistance is provided.
- the ALOHA principle may be applied in that way that the terminal transmits information (CW On-Off keying) which indicates a time slot when it accepts information broadcasted from the monitoring station via the forward link.
- information CW On-Off keying
- the relevant information may be transmitted to the terminal by applying push data mechanisms (e.g. IP multicasting).
- the terminal authentication process may be supported by allocating a dedicated frequency channel for each client (provided that no client initiates line-up requests from several terminals simultaneously).
- the monitoring station AMMS After the requesting terminal IDU, ODU is identified, the monitoring station AMMS commands the terminal via the FW link to transmit a CW-signal at a dedicated frequency point, which is outside the ‘pure ALOHA identification’ frequency range.
- the system takes care that a frequency channel is selected, which is not already occupied by an other terminal, which is currently in the alignment phase.
- This mechanism allows serving several terminals simultaneously with relevant antenna misalignment information, measured at the monitoring station AMMS and communicated via the forward-link F 1 .
- the SW application provides the absolute polarization error in a graphical and acoustical way.
- the system offers to indicate if the feed needs to be rotated clockwise or counterclockwise to achieve ideal polarization alignment.
- the component for the measurement of antenna and transmission characteristics SA 2 /VSA is related to the amplitude measurements of the co-polar and cross-polar components for absolute polarization error calculation and provides the orientation information derived from the phase relationship measurements between the co-polar and cross-polar components.
- the customer needs to adjust the polarization angle in order to minimize the cross-polarization signal (nulling).
- This method is much more accurate than an adjustment based on maximizing the required polarization (co-polarization) because the gradient of the variation is known to be very steep.
- the SW application presents the relevant error information indicating when the adjustment of the orientation of the antenna is sufficiently accurate (i.e. the isolation exceeds a predetermined threshold).
- the alignment method described so far requires the existence of a cross-polar transponder in the same frequency range as the co-polar transponder.
- this frequency range is not within the planned regular service frequency range (e.g. at the start/stop frequency of the same or different transponders) the rotation error of the polarization angle may be taken into account by applying an appropriate model describing the atmospheric influence.
- the antenna alignment may be performed in terms of maximizing the CW-signal.
- the feed may be aligned to minimize the signal before it is rotated back by 90 degrees.
- the customer may initiate the regular terminal logon procedure (signaling, acquisition, synchronization) for establishing the two-way communication link.
- This step may be performed following the antenna alignment phase.
- the terminal communicates the relevant HW configuration to the monitoring station, again via CW on-off keying.
- the monitoring station After measuring the transmission curve, the monitoring station commands the terminal (via the forward link FL) to set the EIRP level accordingly. Therefore the monitoring station takes into account the terminal, transponder and hub saturation limits.
- GPS coordinates cannot be provided by the customer during the configuration phase, they may be automatically configured following the antenna alignment or EIRP adjustment phase.
- the monitoring station AMMS has access to a transmitter location system (TLS) or the postal address (zip code, city, street, street number) of the place where the terminal is located has to be communicated via on-off keying of the Cw signal to the monitoring station AMMS, where the system performs an automatic lookup in a database to find out the GPS coordinates according to the postal address.
- TLS transmitter location system
- the postal address zip code, city, street, street number
- the database may be provided by a standard GPS navigation system.
- the monitoring station AMMS After the monitoring station AMMS has determined the GPS coordinates, they are communicated to the terminal via the forward link.
- the SW application will provide a graphical presentation of the installation place by indicating the position in a map image.
- the system may offer a trial period.
- the monitoring station will support automatic configuration of the relevant authentication and authorization data in the hub's database (e.g. user profile, IP addressing, etc.). Information that is not available at the monitoring station but required to successfully complete this task will be communicated from the terminal to the monitoring station via CW on-off keying.
- relevant authentication and authorization data e.g. user profile, IP addressing, etc.
- the SW application will provide information where to find the registration service (e.g. website) for enabling the customer to enter into a contract with the service provider after the trial period.
- the registration service e.g. website
- this task may also be supported by the automatic configuration functionality.
- the system supports initial line-up requests from 200 terminals per hour. For this purpose, it is necessary to provide 15 permanent channels for authentication and 100 permanent channels for antenna alignment purpose.
- the terminal maximum frequency error according ETSI TR 101 790, V 1.2.1 (2003-01) is +/ ⁇ 765 Hz @ 12.75 GHz.
- a channel spacing of min. 2 kHz shall be applied what results in a co-polar and cross-polar frequency occupation of 230 kHz.
- the system periodically (e.g. once per day) asks the terminals via the FW link communication to transmit a CW signal at a predefined power level and frequency for a predefined time frame.
- the antenna misalignment monitoring station to measure the level of polarization discrimination. In case the discrimination falls below a predefined threshold the customer will be asked to repeat the antenna alignment procedure (step 0 ) within a certain time frame.
- the terminal In case the polarization discrimination does not meet the standard of the service and/or satellite provider the terminal automatically will be disabled for transmission and the customer needs to perform again the steps described in section 0 or may call the service hotline for manual support.
- the system provides remote access to a spectrum analyzer (SA 3 ) in the antenna misalignment monitoring station AMMS.
- SA 3 spectrum analyzer
- IDU and/or ODU anomalies e.g. frequency instabilities
Abstract
Description
-
- an earth station terminal with an antenna and with means for generating the modulated reference signal
- a Monitoring Station with means for the detection and identification of line-up requests and means for monitoring the co-polar and cross-polar components of the signal transmitted from the earth station.
-
- mechanical installation of the terminal antenna;
- mounting of the Out-Door-Unit (Transmitter, OMT, LNB);
- cabling between ODU and IDU;
- Satellite acquisition, that is to say, the axis of the antenna must be pointed correctly towards the relevant satellite and, in the case of linear polarization, its orientation about its axis must maximize the level of the received signal (at least up to a level which provides successful acquisition of the forward-link signal). This step is similar to the antenna alignment activity required for receiving direct to home (DTH) satellites (e.g. satellite television). The same equipment (test receiver, level meter, etc.) may be applied and optionally the customer could be advised with relevant help functionality provided by the SW application (e.g. installation and alignment tutorial, satellite channel allocation tables, transponder allocation tables, beacon frequencies, etc.).
Claims (19)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2005/051119 WO2006094558A1 (en) | 2005-03-11 | 2005-03-11 | Method and system for the alignment of an earth station antenna with a satellite antenna |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20080143600A1 US20080143600A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
US7675462B2 true US7675462B2 (en) | 2010-03-09 |
Family
ID=34961808
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/884,061 Active 2025-10-22 US7675462B2 (en) | 2005-03-11 | 2005-03-11 | Method and system for the alignment of an earth station antenna with a satellite antenna |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7675462B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1856817B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE414355T1 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0520120A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2600634A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602005011057D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2317207T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006094558A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20130260671A1 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-03 | Alan Frost | Remote satellite terminal with antenna polarization alignment enforcement and associated methods |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9735859B1 (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2017-08-15 | Vt Idirect, Inc. | Method and apparatus for distributing addresses of communication devices within a satellite network |
US11831392B1 (en) * | 2014-03-15 | 2023-11-28 | Micro Mobio Corporation | Terrestrial and satellite radio frequency transmission system and method |
JP2016217859A (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2016-12-22 | Necエンジニアリング株式会社 | Bidirectional radio communication system, control station, earth station, and method for adjusting antenna angle at earth station |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4688250A (en) * | 1986-01-29 | 1987-08-18 | Rca Corporation | Apparatus and method for effecting a key change via a cryptographically protected link |
US4860352A (en) * | 1985-05-20 | 1989-08-22 | Satellite Financial Systems Corporation | Satellite communication system and method with message authentication suitable for use in financial institutions |
EP0361885A2 (en) | 1988-09-28 | 1990-04-04 | Gi Corporation | Satellite antenna alignment system |
US5589837A (en) * | 1995-02-06 | 1996-12-31 | Hughes Electronics | Apparatus for positioning an antenna in a remote ground terminal |
US5950114A (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 1999-09-07 | Ericsson Inc. | Apparatus and method for deriving a random reference number from paging and originating signals |
US6268826B1 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 2001-07-31 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for determining antenna pointing parameters in a satellite receiver |
US6337658B1 (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2002-01-08 | Nortel Networks Limited | Transmit antenna alignment peak search method and apparatus |
US20030048222A1 (en) | 2001-09-10 | 2003-03-13 | John Schmid | Calibration of an earth station antenna using data provided by a satellite |
DE10212625A1 (en) | 2002-03-21 | 2003-10-09 | Kathrein Werke Kg | Method and device for tracking an antenna |
US6707425B2 (en) * | 2002-03-21 | 2004-03-16 | Nokia Corporation | Method and system for aligning a point-to-multipoint access terminal |
-
2005
- 2005-03-11 WO PCT/EP2005/051119 patent/WO2006094558A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-03-11 US US11/884,061 patent/US7675462B2/en active Active
- 2005-03-11 DE DE602005011057T patent/DE602005011057D1/en active Active
- 2005-03-11 ES ES05717012T patent/ES2317207T3/en active Active
- 2005-03-11 BR BRPI0520120-9A patent/BRPI0520120A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-03-11 EP EP05717012A patent/EP1856817B1/en active Active
- 2005-03-11 AT AT05717012T patent/ATE414355T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-03-11 CA CA002600634A patent/CA2600634A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4860352A (en) * | 1985-05-20 | 1989-08-22 | Satellite Financial Systems Corporation | Satellite communication system and method with message authentication suitable for use in financial institutions |
US4688250A (en) * | 1986-01-29 | 1987-08-18 | Rca Corporation | Apparatus and method for effecting a key change via a cryptographically protected link |
EP0361885A2 (en) | 1988-09-28 | 1990-04-04 | Gi Corporation | Satellite antenna alignment system |
US5589837A (en) * | 1995-02-06 | 1996-12-31 | Hughes Electronics | Apparatus for positioning an antenna in a remote ground terminal |
US5950114A (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 1999-09-07 | Ericsson Inc. | Apparatus and method for deriving a random reference number from paging and originating signals |
US6268826B1 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 2001-07-31 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for determining antenna pointing parameters in a satellite receiver |
US6337658B1 (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2002-01-08 | Nortel Networks Limited | Transmit antenna alignment peak search method and apparatus |
US20030048222A1 (en) | 2001-09-10 | 2003-03-13 | John Schmid | Calibration of an earth station antenna using data provided by a satellite |
DE10212625A1 (en) | 2002-03-21 | 2003-10-09 | Kathrein Werke Kg | Method and device for tracking an antenna |
US6707425B2 (en) * | 2002-03-21 | 2004-03-16 | Nokia Corporation | Method and system for aligning a point-to-multipoint access terminal |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20130260671A1 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-03 | Alan Frost | Remote satellite terminal with antenna polarization alignment enforcement and associated methods |
US8768242B2 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2014-07-01 | Harris Corporation | Remote satellite terminal with antenna polarization alignment enforcement and associated methods |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2006094558A1 (en) | 2006-09-14 |
BRPI0520120A2 (en) | 2009-04-22 |
CA2600634A1 (en) | 2006-09-14 |
EP1856817B1 (en) | 2008-11-12 |
EP1856817A1 (en) | 2007-11-21 |
ATE414355T1 (en) | 2008-11-15 |
DE602005011057D1 (en) | 2008-12-24 |
US20080143600A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
ES2317207T3 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
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