US8587248B2 - Method for controlling a polyphase converter with distributed energy stores at low output frequencies - Google Patents
Method for controlling a polyphase converter with distributed energy stores at low output frequencies Download PDFInfo
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- US8587248B2 US8587248B2 US12/933,179 US93317908A US8587248B2 US 8587248 B2 US8587248 B2 US 8587248B2 US 93317908 A US93317908 A US 93317908A US 8587248 B2 US8587248 B2 US 8587248B2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for controlling a converter with at least two phase modules having an upper and a lower valve branch having in each case two two-pole subsystems connected in series at low output frequencies.
- Such a converter with distributed energy stores is known from the publication “Modulares Stromrichterbuch für Netzkupplungsanengine bei (2017) (2017)”, by Rainer Marquardt, Anton Lesnicar and Wegml urgen Hildinger” [Modular Converter Concept for System Coupling Application at High Voltages], printed in the conference proceedings of the ETG Conference 2002.
- such a converter is used for a system-side and load-side converter, with these two converters being coupled to one another with distributed energy stores on the DC-voltage side.
- FIG. 1 shows in more detail such a converter with distributed energy stores.
- this known converter circuit has three phase modules, which are each denoted by 100 .
- These phase modules 100 are connected electrically conductively on the DC-voltage side in each case to a connection P or N with a positive or negative DC voltage busbar P 0 or N 0 .
- a DC voltage U d is present between these two DC voltage busbars P 0 and N 0 .
- Each phase module 100 has an upper and a lower valve branch T 1 or T 3 or T 5 and 12 or T 4 or T 6 .
- Each of these valve branches T 1 to T 6 has a number of two-pole subsystems 10 which are connected electrically in series.
- valve branch T 1 . . . , T 6 .
- Each node between two valve branches T 1 and T 2 or T 3 and T 4 or T 5 and T 6 of a phase module 100 forms a connection L 1 or L 2 or L 3 of this phase module 100 on the AC-voltage side.
- FIG. 2 shows in more detail an embodiment of a known two-pole subsystem 10 .
- the circuit arrangement shown in FIG. 3 represents a functional equivalent variant.
- These two subsystems 10 and 11 are described in more detail in DE 101 03 031 A1, which laid-open specification also describes the way in which said subsystems operate.
- FIG. 4 A further embodiment of a two-pole subsystem 20 is shown in more detail in FIG. 4 .
- This embodiment of the two-pole subsystem 20 is known from DE 10 2005 041 087 A1.
- the design of this two-pole subsystem 20 and the way in which it operates are described in detail in this laid-open specification, and therefore no explanation in relation to this is necessary at this juncture.
- the voltages u 1 (t), . . . , u 6 (t) at the valve branches T 1 , . . . , T 6 also referred to as valve branch voltage u 1 (t), . . . , u(t), comprise a DC variable 1 ⁇ 2U d and an AC voltage variable u 10 (t), u 20 (t), u 30 (t).
- This AC voltage variable u 10 (t) or u 20 (t) or u 30 (t) has, firstly a frequency and an amplitude of a desired output voltage of the converter.
- AC variables u 10 (t), u 20 (t) and u 30 (t) are related to a fictitious mid-point 0 between the two DC voltage busbars P 0 and N 0 , as shown in FIG. 1 .
- the voltage u 1 (t) or u 2 (t) or u 3 (t) or u 4 (t) or u 5 (t) or u 6 (t) of a valve branch T 1 or T 2 or T 3 or T 4 or T 5 or T 6 must therefore always be positive since all of the two-pole subsystems 10 of a valve branch T 1 , . . . , T 6 which are connected in series can generate only a short circuit or a positive voltage at the output terminals X 1 and X 2 of each two-pole subsystem 10 , irrespective of the valve branch current direction in all switching states. Owing to the structure of these two-pole subsystems 10 , 11 and 20 , negative voltages are not possible.
- valve voltage u 1 (t) or u 2 (t) or u 3 (t) or u 4 (t) or u 5 (t) or u 6 (t) of each valve branch T 1 or T 2 or 13 or T 4 or 15 or 16 can vary between zero and n times a capacitor voltage U c of the n independent energy stores 9 and, respectively, 29 , 30 .
- FIG. 5 shows a characteristic of the valve branch voltage u 1 (t) and of the valve branch current i 1 (t) of the valve branch T 1 of the phase module 100 of the polyphase converter shown in FIG. 1 in a graph over time t. If the two characteristics are multiplied by one another, the time characteristic of an instantaneous power P T1 (t) of this valve branch T 1 is produced, which is illustrated in a graph over time t in FIG. 6 . If this instantaneous power P T1 (t) of the valve branch T 1 is integrated over a period of the valve branch voltage u 1 (t) (corresponds to the areas below the curved sections of the curve of the instantaneous power P T1 (t)), in the steady state the value zero is always reached.
- each energy store 9 of each valve branch T 1 , . . . , T 6 of the polyphase converter shown in FIG. 1 and therefore of this polyphase converter is constant in the steady state.
- these two-pole subsystems 10 and 11 and 20 also do not require an active power feed to the respective DC voltage connections of the energy stores 9 and 29 , 30 , respectively.
- each energy content of each energy store 9 or 29 , 30 of the two-pole subsystems 10 , 11 and 20 , respectively, of each valve branch T 1 , . . . , T 6 is advantageously dimensioned in accordance with the maximum required energy deviation. It is necessary here to take into account the fact that the voltage ripple ⁇ U which is superimposed on the steady-state voltage mean value in the energy stores 9 and 29 , 30 should not overshoot a maximum predetermined limit value. This maximum voltage is determined by the dielectric strength of the semiconductor switches and energy stores 9 and 29 , 30 which can be switched off and are used in the two-pole subsystems 10 , 11 and 20 , respectively, and also by means of regulation technology.
- a decisive factor in the dimensioning of the energy stores 9 and 29 , 30 is the output frequency of the polyphase converter shown in FIG. 1 .
- This relationship between the voltage ripple ⁇ U and the output frequency f of the polyphase converter shown in FIG. 1 is illustrated in a graph shown in FIG. 7 .
- This graph shows a hyperbolic curve A for the voltage ripple of an energy store (continuous line) and a hyperbolic curve B for the voltage ripple when using three partial energy stores in parallel per energy store 9 or 29 , 30 , i.e. three times the intermediate-circuit capacitance (dashed line).
- the value of an energy store 9 or 29 , 30 of a two-pole subsystem 10 , 11 or 20 must be a multiple greater.
- the energy store 9 or 29 , of the two-pole subsystems 10 , 11 or 20 would need to be dimensioned to be a factor of 25 greater.
- the invention is now based on the object of specifying a method for controlling a polyphase converter with distributed energy stores, which enables operation at low output frequencies up to the DC operating mode.
- a method for controlling a polyphase converter at a low output frequency comprising at least two phase modules, each phase module having an upper and a lower valve branch, with each of the upper and a lower valve branches each comprising at least two two-pole subsystems connected in series, the method comprising superimposing a common-mode voltage on a setpoint value of a voltage of the upper and lower valve branches such that a sum of the voltages of the upper and lower valve branch of each phase module is equal to an intermediate circuit voltage of the polyphase converter.
- a common mode voltage is superimposed on a setpoint value of all of the valve branch voltages of the polyphase converter with distributed energy stores. Since this superimposed AC voltage simultaneously alters the potentials of all three connections, on the AC-voltage side, of the polyphase converter with distributed energy stores in comparison with the potentials of the DC voltage busbars thereof, this modulated AC voltage is referred to as the common mode voltage.
- the superimposed common mode voltage ensures that the line-to-line output voltages of the polyphase converter with distributed energy stores remain unaffected.
- the common mode voltage is predefined in such a way that the voltage ripple of all of the energy stores 9 and 29 , 30 does not overshoot a predetermined maximum value.
- the maximum voltage at the energy stores likewise remains below a predetermined maximum value, which is selected in accordance with the dielectric strength of the semiconductors and energy stores.
- the common mode voltage is predefined in such a way that in each case a predetermined maximum value for the valve branch currents is not overshot.
- the amplitude of the common mode voltage is inversely proportional to the rise in the output frequency. This means that this common mode voltage is only effective in a frequency band below a rated frequency.
- FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a known three-phase converter with distributed energy stores
- FIGS. 2 to 4 each show an equivalent circuit diagram of a two-pole subsystem of the converter shown in FIG. 1 ,
- FIG. 5 illustrates a graph over time t of a valve branch voltage and an associated valve branch current
- FIG. 6 illustrates a graph over time t of an instantaneous power corresponding to the valve branch voltage and valve branch current shown in FIG. 5 over time t
- FIG. 7 shows a graph of the voltage ripple as a function of the output frequency of the converter shown in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 8 shows a graph over time t of a valve branch voltage of the converter shown in FIG. 1 at an output frequency of 50 Hz and 5 Hz,
- FIG. 9 shows a graph over time t of associated instantaneous powers
- FIG. 11 shows a graph over time t of three valve branch voltages of the converter shown in FIG. 1 , in each case with a common mode voltage which is not equal to zero, and
- FIG. 12 shows an advantageous embodiment of the three-phase converter shown in FIG. 1 .
- each valve branch T 1 , . . . , T 6 at each time always produces half the DC voltage U d between the DC voltage busbars P 0 and N 0 which are common to all of the phase modules 100 .
- a sinusoidal component with a predetermined frequency and a desired amplitude of a converter output voltage u 10 (t), u 20 (t) or u 30 (t), which is related to a fictitious mid-point between the voltage busbars P 0 and N 0 is generally superimposed on this direct current variable.
- a common mode voltage u CM (t) is superimposed on these valve branch voltages u 1 (t), . . . , u 6 (t) in such a way that the line-to-line output voltages continue to be excluded thereby.
- the following equations then apply to the time characteristics of these valve branch voltages u 1 (t), . . . , u 6 (t).
- output converter currents i L1 (t), i L2 (t) and i L3 (t), also referred to as load currents i L1 (t), i L2 (t) and i L3 (t), and therefore also the valve branch powers P T1 (t), . . . , P T6 (t) of each valve branch T 1 , . . . , T 6 during operation at a low output frequency f up to an output frequency f 0 (DC operating mode) in the time characteristic now only have very few zero points, or no zero points at all ( FIG. 9 ), the balancing of the energy stores 9 within a voltage branch T 1 , . . .
- the energy stores 9 and 29 , 30 of the subsystems 10 , 11 and 20 , respectively of the upper valve branches T 1 , T 3 and T 5 adjust their energy content to one another.
- the common mode voltage u CM (t) can be used irrespective of the type of energy compensation (passive or active). It is only possible to limit the energy deviation of the energy stores by compensating currents in such a way that the level of these compensating currents does not result in unfavorable overdimensioning of the semiconductors by virtue of a simultaneous shift, as a result of a common mode voltage u CM (t), in the potentials of the converter output voltages u 10 (t), u 20 (t) and u 30 (t).
- the additional valve branch current results in increased on-state losses and switching losses in the semiconductor switches which can be disconnected of the two-pole subsystems 10 , 11 and 20 used.
- more favorable dimensioning of the energy stores of the subsystems 10 , 11 and 20 used is achieved, i.e., this disadvantage is considered to be insignificant in comparison with the advantage (more favorable energy store dimensions).
- the converter known from the conference proceedings relating to the ETG Conference 2002 which converter has a three-phase converter with distributed energy stores as shown in FIG. 1 on the system and load side, can be used as a drive converter which can be run up from standstill.
- the energy stores 9 and 29 , 30 of the subsystems 10 , 11 and 20 used can be dimensioned in optimum fashion.
Abstract
Description
u1(t)˜½·Ud−u10(t),
u2(t)˜½·Ud+u10(t),
u3(t)˜½·Ud−u20(t),
u4(t)˜½·Ud+u20(t),
u5(t)˜½·Ud−u30(t),
u6(t)˜½·Ud+u30(t).
u1(t)˜½·Ud−u10(t)+uCM(t),
u2(t)˜½·Ud+u10(t)−uCM(t),
u3(t)˜½·Ud−u20(t)+uCM(t),
u4(t)˜½·Ud+u20(t)−uCM(t),
u5(t)˜½·Ud−u30(t)+uCM(t),
u6(t)˜½·Ud+u30(t)−uCM(t).
0<u 1(t)<U d
-
- Advantageously, the maximum rate of change
-
- of the superimposed common mode voltage uCM(t) is selected such that it is not necessary for a plurality of
energy stores subsystems - The longer the potentials in the vicinity of the connections of the DC voltage busbar P0 or N0 of the polyphase converter shown in
FIG. 1 are kept, the better the energy contents of theenergy stores submodules - The common mode voltage uCM(t) is to be dimensioned such that the resultant valve branch currents do not overshoot maximum values to be predefined.
- The common mode voltage uCM(t) needs to be dimensioned such that the resultant voltage ripple ΔU in the
energy stores subsystems
- of the superimposed common mode voltage uCM(t) is selected such that it is not necessary for a plurality of
where UM: rms value of the line-to-line motor voltage.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102008014898.9 | 2008-03-19 | ||
DE102008014898.9A DE102008014898B4 (en) | 2008-03-19 | 2008-03-19 | Method for controlling a multiphase power converter with distributed energy stores at low output frequencies |
DE102008014898 | 2008-03-19 | ||
PCT/EP2008/065270 WO2009115141A1 (en) | 2008-03-19 | 2008-11-11 | Method for controlling a multi-phase power converter having distributed energy accumulator at low output frequencies |
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US20110018481A1 US20110018481A1 (en) | 2011-01-27 |
US8587248B2 true US8587248B2 (en) | 2013-11-19 |
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US12/933,179 Active 2030-03-28 US8587248B2 (en) | 2008-03-19 | 2008-11-11 | Method for controlling a polyphase converter with distributed energy stores at low output frequencies |
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US (1) | US8587248B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2255434B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101971475B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102008014898B4 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2255434T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2664494T3 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2487458C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009115141A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
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CN101971475A (en) | 2011-02-09 |
RU2487458C2 (en) | 2013-07-10 |
DE102008014898A1 (en) | 2009-09-24 |
WO2009115141A1 (en) | 2009-09-24 |
EP2255434A1 (en) | 2010-12-01 |
RU2010142502A (en) | 2012-04-27 |
ES2664494T3 (en) | 2018-04-19 |
DE102008014898B4 (en) | 2018-09-27 |
US20110018481A1 (en) | 2011-01-27 |
CN101971475B (en) | 2015-04-29 |
DK2255434T3 (en) | 2018-03-12 |
EP2255434B1 (en) | 2018-01-03 |
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