WO1986002523A1

WO1986002523A1 - Plant arrangement

Info

Publication number: WO1986002523A1
Application number: PCT/EP1985/000573
Authority: WO
Inventors: Dieter Wegerhoff
Original assignee: Dieter Wegerhoff
Priority date: 1984-10-31
Filing date: 1985-10-29
Publication date: 1986-05-09
Also published as: DE3439838A1; EP0201548A1; DE3439838C2; AU5060785A

Abstract

An arrangement of plants intended to form green surfaces comprises a supporting and fixing structure (2, 4; 6-12), one or a plurality of plant containers (20, 220) secured to the supporting structure and a grid (8) fixed to the supporting and fixing structure to sustain the plant tendrils and the plant containers. Said plant arrangement may be used particularly to cover faades with green surfaces.

Description

Planting arrangement

The invention relates to a planting arrangement and in particular to a planting arrangement for greening purposes.

Cities, especially large cities, often look ugly and bleak due to the many bare gray house walls. Since green areas and trees had to give way to the built-up area, the urban climate, especially in large cities, is unhealthy.

Older houses are often overgrown with ivy or other climbing plants. Apart from the possibility of embellishing facades that are not quite appealing, this has a number of other advantages. The leaves of the climbing plants filter exhaust gases and dust from the air, keep the heat out and store the humidity. The climate in such a green house is much healthier, and the air inside is also cleaner. Greening also saves energy. For this purpose, targeted planting can be done by deciduous on the south facades

Plants are used so that the sun can warm up the masonry in winter. On the rest

Facades, on the other hand, are made from evergreen plants that keep wind and rain out thanks to their thick layer of leaves.

A study has shown that a healthy, livable city climate could be achieved if only 5% of all walls and roofs in a city were greened. The planting of facades and walls in cities is relatively rare. There are several reasons for this. On the one hand, it is not always possible to plant plants at the foot of the house walls, which then grow upwards on the masonry. On the other hand, the arrangement of plant tubs on a wall is not unproblematic, since the tubs must be well anchored. Another problem arises from the fact that once the vegetation has been grown it is usually very difficult or cumbersome to remove the vegetation when renovating a facade. I nv e l cases, the plants are quite damaged. In addition, the plants often do damage to the masonry they cling to. Another difficulty with the greening of facades and house walls is that if vessels are attached to the ground, artificial irrigation would not have to be carried out, and the irrigation pipes occasionally have a rather unsightly effect on individually suspended containers. The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a planting arrangement or a planting system with which greening, in particular of house facades, can be carried out quickly and easily.

This object is achieved according to the invention with a planting arrangement which has a support and support arrangement, one or more plant containers attached to the support and support arrangement and a grid for plant tendrils attached to the support and support arrangement, which supports the plant containers. Advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.

The planting arrangement contains, as it were, a supporting and supporting arrangement. This is attached to a facade, wall, balcony wall or bridge pillar etc. It carries planters and a grid that serves as a climbing or climbing aid for the plant tendrils. The grid is shaped and attached so that the plants can grow on it in the desired direction and shape. Depending on the type of vegetation, it can be very dense, e.g. be designed as a mat. In addition to supporting the vegetation, it also protects it against wind and snow. It also serves as an additional support for the planters.

The support and support arrangement can have several support rods, the spacing of which results from the size of the respective element and from the planter formats. The support and support arrangement can even be formed exclusively by such support rods, which preferably form a framework. In an advantageous embodiment For example, such a framework consists of four vertical and two horizontal support bars. The grating is preferably designed to cover a framework that has just been constructed. For the planters, protruding bulges in the grille are expediently provided in the support rods, in which the planters can be arranged. They are then held on the one hand by the support and support arrangement, and on the other hand by the bulge. This can be achieved by a form-fitting design of the planter and bulge, at least by a similar shape, or by specially provided fastening elements.

The use of such basic units is simple. They can be prefabricated in the factory, whereby the grid or the preformed mat can be applied using the spot welding process. The support and support arrangement and the grille are assembled in the factory and equipped with the planters. The planting arrangements can then be greened in the factory. For this purpose, they are hung on scaffolding and planted.

The planting arrangements can be made in different dimensions. The dimensions of the support and support arrangement, the grid and also the dimensions of the planters can be varied. In the flat version, a planting arrangement as the basic unit with dimensions of approximately 2 x 5 m is preferred. In these dimensions, the basic planting unit is particularly well suited for truck transportation. About five to six such basic units can be stacked. In the lowest position, the planting tray is on top, in the next one below, ie the basic units are placed one on top of the other, so that there is a space-saving arrangement. For the transport, the planters are in Plastic films packed to avoid damage. This also prevents the potting soil from falling out during transport.

For mounting on the housewares. The façade and support arrangement / fastening devices for detachable fastening advantageously have the facades and the like. These are preferably designed as T-pieces, the longitudinal legs of which can be plugged onto or in the bolts provided in the wall to be planted and can be locked in the inserted position. In this way, the assembly of the planting arrangements on the areas to be landscaped is relatively simple. The planting arrangements only need to be lifted against the wall, which can be done by crane from the car or from neighboring flat roofs. The attachment can then be carried out, for example, by a gondola from the roof or also by Gadel wagons, as used for cleaning lanterns. The invention therefore makes it possible to carry out greening within one day.

The planting arrangement according to the invention is suitable both for use in a single arrangement and in combination. Several planting arrangements can be put together to form larger areas, which in turn can be combined with one another, and patterns can also be put together. Another possible variation for the formation of surface patterns results from the fact that a three-dimensional green design of surfaces is possible by means of grid-like shaped elements. Forming the grid is also conceivable, but a larger-scale design is only possible with separate larger shaped elements. These can be provided in the units, but also adjacent to them, above, below or next to them. They can be used to design a surface arrangement, but can also be provided as connecting elements between several surfaces. For example, the formation of such a shape is aesthetically appealing elements to treetops. Due to the special size of such shaped elements, they themselves again have a support and support arrangement, preferably in the form of a rod, and, if appropriate, planters. Other form elements have the shape of a cut-out spherical element, an ellipsoid element and the like. In this way it is possible, for example, to arrange trees on house walls in the form of green planting. Further possibilities result from the fact that the plant arrangement elements themselves or in their combination receive a desired surface shaping. It is also appealing to use different types of evergreen for planting.

An irrigation line is expediently provided, in particular if the walls of high-rise buildings are to be greened, since in this case manual watering is out of the question. The irrigation pipes are expediently installed in the planting arrangements from the factory. They can either be attached to the support and holding arrangement or to the grid. It is also possible to attach the lines to the planters, preferably at an elevated point on the rear wall, so that sprinkling from above is possible. The irrigation lines are preferably designed as hose lines or copper lines.

For the connection between individual plant arrangements or for the connection to the supply lines elements / couplings are preferably made of flexible

Material, e.g. made of plastic tubing.

When installing on the facades, only the irrigation pipes of the individual need

Elements to be connected to the respective supply or discharge. Such arrangements can then be irrigated centrally from one location. It is also possible to fertilize the plants using such an irrigation system. Of course it is with this Irrigation system in winter, ie when there is a risk of frost, it is necessary to drain the water in order to avoid damage to the pipe system. However, with certain arrangements it is also possible to do without an irrigation system. In such a case, cheaper planters can also be used because, for example, there is no need to hold the lines on the planters.

The invention is explained below with reference to several preferred exemplary embodiments and the drawing. The drawing shows:

FIG. 1 shows a planter attached to two supporting bars with planting and an irrigation line,

FIG. 2 shows a planting arrangement,

3a and 3b a fastening device designed as a T-piece and the mounting bolt for the wall,

FIG. 4 shows a surface arrangement of several plant arrangements, FIG. 5 shows a plant arrangement for a wall with a molded element suspended,

FIGS. 6a to 6c examples of such shaped elements,

FIG. 7a illustrates a combination of surface elements and a large shaped element that has been put together to form a tree,

FIG. 7b illustrates the support of the large molded element used in FIG. 7a, FIG. 8 shows the design of a house wall with the combination of a number of plant arrangements according to the invention,

FIG. 9a schematically shows a section of a planting arrangement for a balcony parapet,

FIG. 9b shows a front view of two plant arrangements according to FIG. 9a suspended next to one another,

FIG. 10 shows a carrying and supporting arrangement with an alternative fastening device,

Figures 11a to 11c details of the support and support arrangement of FIG. 10 in enlarged views of the areas designated by XI, and

Figure 12 shows another embodiment of a planter.

In Figure 1, two support rods 2, 4 of the support and support arrangement of a planting arrangement according to the invention are shown. A planter 20 is attached to these support rods. The planter 20 has a substantially flat rear wall 22, which is somewhat widened at the upper end and curved forward and has a recess 26 on the front of this widened region 24, in which a section 40 of an irrigation line is arranged. The planter has a forwardly curved front wall 28, which tapers downwards towards the rear wall 22, and two side walls 30, 32. The side walls 30, 32 and the front wall 28 are not as high as the rear wall. The interior of the planter is filled with soil, etc., and vegetation 70 is indicated. There are drainage openings 34 at the bottom of the planter.

FIG. 2 schematically shows a sectional view of a planting arrangement for greening the facade.

The parts that are the same as the parts shown in FIG. 1 are provided with the same reference numerals and they are only described again to the extent that it is necessary to understand this exemplary embodiment. The planter 20 is shaped essentially similar to the planter shown in FIG. 1, it is only bulged, that is to say bulged out at the front. This sectional view illustrates the structure of the filling and the arrangement of such a planter. At the bottom in the very tapered area, filter gravel 36 is arranged a few centimeters high. There is planting soil 38 on which the plants are rooted. The planter is lined with a glass mat 39. It is placed between filter gravel and earth to prevent the two materials from mixing. The planter is preferably made of plastic. This enables a desired shape and significantly reduces the weight compared to other materials. A grid 80 is arranged on the support rod 2 and on other support rods (not shown). The grid extends essentially over the entire surface of the support and support arrangement and is fastened to the support and support arrangement by means of screws 82, pins or the like. The planter 20 is also held on the support and support arrangement, but is also also positively held in the grid and additionally fastened to it by further fastening elements 82. The growth in the arrangement shown takes place from the earth of the container upwards through the grating and along the grating, which serves as an aid to the creeper. In addition, plants 70 'grow from below, which over time combine with the higher-grown plants to form a layer of plants.

The planter in the embodiment shown does not extend far out, namely about 25 to 35 cm. Excessive drying out of the earth is prevented by the irrigation system by means of the hose 40 built into the vessel. The outlet openings 34, which are preferably arranged every 25 cm, provide for the drainage. Evergreen climbing plants, which grow up to 3 m high, are particularly suitable for vegetation. B. Radicanus, Vegatus, Coloratus, Gracilis, Emerald'm Gold.

In Figure 3, an embodiment of a fastening device is illustrated in more detail. As Figure 3a shows, it is designed as a T-piece 102, which is inserted into the support rods 2, 4, etc. The T-piece 102 is fastened to the supporting rods by means of clamps 104. The middle, long leg 106 of the

T-piece is at least partially hollow on the inside and, when attached, is attached to a bolt 108 which is anchored in the wall and preferably has a thread. A recess 110 is provided in the bolt toward the outer end region, into which a recess is inserted after the respective T-piece has been fitted

Fastening element 112, for example a screw engages. Figure 3b shows the bolt 108 enlarged. The thread 114 is only indicated. At the outer end, the bolt 108 has a slot 116, by means of which it can easily be screwed into the masonry. The design of the bolt which is tapered towards the front end is favorable.

A plant arrangement according to the invention, such as the arrangement shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, expediently has six fastening points, and it can be fitted and removed very quickly. For the assembly, only the T-pieces need to be plugged onto the corresponding bolts and then the fastening element 112 for fixing in the recess 110 of the bolt. To dismantle the planting arrangement, these steps are carried out in reverse. The acceptance of the planting of facades etc. is thus simple, and green wall surfaces can also be painted or modified in some other way with little effort.

FIG. 4 shows the areal arrangement of several plant arrangements. These are arranged side by side and one above the other so that the planters 20 each form a horizontal row, and in particular the size of the planting arrangements is the same in each case. The planters 20 can be one piece or several pieces for each element. With such an arrangement, larger areas can be greened in connection, and there is a certain appealing effect due to the bulges of the planters 20.

In order to achieve spatial effects in the area of planting, special shaped elements 120 are preferably provided, which are strongly bulged forward. They can simply be attached to an existing planting arrangement and then additionally tobogganed. Further attachment options times are z. B. welding or screwing. The spherical shaped element 120 in FIG. 5 is merely suspended. Apart from the aesthetic effect, such shaped elements serve as nesting spaces for birds and thus to enliven the environment due to the spatial design of a green wall.

6a, b and c show exemplary embodiments of such shaped elements 120. Because of their task, all form elements have a lattice structure so that plants can grow along them and they serve as climbing aids. The shaped element of FIG. 6a is spherical or round. A bay-like design is shown in FIG. 6b. The shaped element in FIG. 6c, however, is an ellipsoid cutout. Of course, many other shaped element designs are possible. Dimensions of the shaped elements are, for example, about 1/2 to 2 m lengthwise or crosswise and about 0.2 to 1 m deep.

In order to achieve particularly pronounced plastic effects, particularly large shaped elements are used, some of which are multi-part. This happens, for example, if trees or other surface elements with dome designs are to be depicted or represented with several plant arrangements according to the invention. This is illustrated in FIG. 7a, in which several elements are put together to form a tree. Two rectangular plant arrangement elements 130, 132 oriented longitudinally in the vertical direction represent the trunk or the base of the crown. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the shaped elements are designed as complete additional elements with plant containers 20, and several such additional elements are used. Figure 7b illustrates the support rod arrangement of these additional elements. One or more support rods 6 which are level in the horizontal, ie plane, support the additional element on the wall. The forward curvature is achieved by several curved support rods 8, 10 and 12. Other supporting rods are not shown in this schematic view. The arrangement is fastened as with the other planting arrangements, and the fastening elements sit as close to the edge as possible.

FIG. 8 illustrates the design of a wall using such shaped elements shown in FIG. 7. In addition, specially shaped surface elements can also be used for the planting arrangement. Planting with different types of evergreen is attractive.

FIG. 9a schematically shows a sectional view of a planting arrangement for a balcony parapet 119 (scale about 1:20). The grid 80 and the support rods of the support arrangement are formed together. The upper end region of the support and support arrangement is bent backwards, so that the planting arrangement can easily be hung on the parapet. At the other end, the support and support arrangement is forward and then upward again, ie bent in a U-shape, and carries a planter 20, which can be, for example, a conventional balcony box. In the support and support arrangement or the grid 80 are in the flat, the balcony parapet Abs Absandhalter 19 incorporated, which avoid vertical alignment of the area and in wind against striking the planting on the masonry. For the purpose of complete greening, Plants 70 growing at the top and plants that grow down, ie hanging 70 ".

FIG. 9b illustrates the combination of two such plant arrangements for the complete greening of one

Balcony parapet. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the two plant arrangements have simply been hung close together. It is therefore e.g. possible to keep the planting arrangements in stock in certain common dimensions and then in the desired one

Compile width, which can significantly reduce costs. With the attachable planting arrangements, of course, only balcony parapets can be densely planted, but also other masonry. For example, they are useful for walls that delimit small plots and in front of which low-growing plants or bushes have been placed.

FIG. 10 shows a support and support arrangement which consists of vertical support bars 202 and a horizontal support bars 204 forming a framework 200. The support rods 202, 204 are expediently welded square tubes. According to the invention, the framework 200 has, in the corner regions formed by the support rods 202, 204, tubular spacer files 206, which are connected, in particular welded, to the framework works 200 in a perpendicular arrangement to the plane thereof. Advantageously, the hollow spacer profiles 206 are square tube pieces, the end faces of which are turned away from the wall 118 are open.

As can be seen in particular from FIG. 11, according to the invention, at least two spacers are hollow on the upper of the horizontal support rods 204 of the framework 200 Profiles 206 arranged, which are connected to each other by a horizontal, which the wall 118 facing end faces of the Abstandshnhlprofile 206 closing rail 208. The other hollow spacer profiles 206 are advantageously closed on their end faces facing the wall by means of individual plates 210. The suspension rail 208 and the plates 210 have bores 212, the center points of which are arranged on the central axes of the spacer hollow profiles 206.

This configuration according to the invention simplifies the mounting of the support and support arrangement on the wall 118 in such a way that for preassembly only two hooks are initially attached in the wall 118, on which the framework 200 can be suspended by means of the suspension rail 208 and aligned in position . The actual fastening holes can subsequently be drilled into the wall 118 through the advantageous spacer hollow profiles 206, the bores 212 of the suspension rail 208 and the plates 210 serving as a drilling template. Finally, the attachment is carried out by means of appropriate dowels and by means of screws 212 (not shown) which pass through the bores 212 and which are well known by means of known socket wrenches

Spacer profiles 206 can be tightened through.

12 shows an alternative embodiment of a planter 220, with a rear wall 222 and a front wall 228. In this planter 220, according to the invention, there is initially a layer of expanded clay stones 230, as used in hydroponics, and a layer covering the expanded clay stones 230 Glass fleece mat 239 arranged. The glass fleece mat 239 prevents mixing of the expanded clay stones 230 with planting earth. According to the invention, drainage openings 240 are arranged in the rear wall 222 of the planter 220 directly above the glass fleece mat 239. As a result of this advantageous embodiment, the lower area of the planter 220 filled with expanded clay stones 230 forms a water overflow reservoir. The water present in the reservoir rises through capillary action through the glass tile mat 239 into the potting soil, whereby the plants are always supplied with water. Overflow cannot occur through the drainage openings 240 since these represent an overflow. It is expedient if the height h of the layer of expanded clay stones 230 is approximately 10 cm, the distance a of the drainage openings 240 from each other is approximately 25 cm and the diameter of the drainage openings 240 is approximately 5 mm. As a result, so much water can be stored that drying times of about 2 weeks can be bridged, so that an irrigation system is unnecessary in most cases. In this case, to fertilize the plants, the soil could be inoculated with microorganisms that automatically produce fertilizers, especially nitrogen.

The planters 20, 220 are advantageously made of stainless steel, glass fiber reinforced plastic, PVC, concrete or lightweight concrete.

Of course, there are many other embodiments of the planting arrangement according to the invention differently designed support and support arrangements and very different connecting elements with lattice construction possible. The planting arrangement according to the invention can therefore be used in almost any shape for any desired greening, be it two- or three-dimensional.

Claims

Claims:

1. Planting arrangement, characterized by a support and support arrangement (2, 4; 6-12), one or more planters (20) attached to the support and support arrangement and a grid (80) attached to the support and support arrangement for plant tendrils that supports the planters.

2. Planting arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the support and support arrangement (2, 4; 612) consists of several support rods, that the grid (80) is fastened to the support rods and at least one bulge pointing outwards from the support rods and that one or more planters (20) are arranged in the bulge.

3. Planting arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the planters (20) are held in the bulge.

4. Planting arrangement according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the supporting rods (2, 4; 6-12) form a framework.

5. Planting arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the grid (80) extends over the supporting and supporting arrangement (2, 4; 6-12).

6. Planting arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the carrying and supporting arrangement (2, 4; 6-12) has fastening devices for detachable fastening to a wall (118).

7. Planting arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that the fastening devices are T-pieces (102), the longitudinal legs (106) on or in the wall (118) attached bolts (108) can be inserted and locked in the inserted position.

8. Planting arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the rear wall (22) of the planters (20) is straight and that the other walls (28, 30, 32) are lower than the rear wall.

9. Planting arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the front wall (28) of the planters is bulged.

10. Planting arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the planters (20)

Have drainage openings (34).

11. Planting arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the planters (20) consist of plastic.

12. Planting arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 11, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the planters have an irrigation line (40).

13. Planting device according to one of claims 1 to 12, that the irrigation line (40) is fastened to the grid (80).

14. Planting arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 13, so that the irrigation lines (40) of the individual plant arrangements are combined to form an irrigation system and flexible intermediate pieces are provided for the connection between the individual irrigation lines.

15. planting arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 14, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the support and support arrangement (2, 4; 6-12) and the grid (80) are integrally formed.

16. Planting arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 15, that the supporting and supporting arrangement (2, 4) is bent in a bow-like manner at the upper end region for hanging on a parapet.

17. Planting arrangement according to claim 16, characterized in that the support and support arrangement (2, 4) is bent U-shaped upward at the other end region.

18. Planting arrangement according to claim 16 or 17, d ad u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that spacers (19) are provided in the area adjacent to the parapet surface.

19. Planting arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the support and support arrangement consists of a framework (200) forming vertical support rods (202) and horizontal support rods (204) and in those formed by the support rods (202, 204) Has corner areas tubular spacer hollow profiles (206) which are connected to the framework (200) in a vertical arrangement to the plane of the framework (200), in particular welded.

20. Planting arrangement according to claim 19, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the spacer hollow profiles (206) are square tube pieces, the end faces remote from the wall (118) are open.

21. Planting arrangement according to claim 19 or 20, d urcharged that at the top of the horizontal support rods (204) of the framework (200) at least two spacer hollow profiles (206) are arranged by a horizontal, the wall (118) facing end faces the suspension rails (208) closing the spacer hollow profiles (206) are connected to one another.

22. Planting arrangement according to one of claims 19 to 21, so that the other spacer hollow profiles (206) are closed on their end faces facing the wall by means of individual plates (210).

23. Planting arrangement according to claim 21 or 22, so that the suspension rail (208) and the plates (210) have bores (212), the center points of which are arranged on the central axes of the hollow spacer profiles (206).

24. Planting arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in the planters (220) below a layer of expanded clay stones (230) and thereon a expanded clay stones (230) covering glass fleece mat (239) is arranged, and that in the rear wall (222) immediately above the glass mat (239) drainage openings (240) are arranged.

25. Planting arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 10 and 24, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c hn e t that the planters (20, 220) consist of stainless steel, glass fiber reinforced plastic, PVC, concrete or lightweight concrete.