WO1987007588A1 - Closure applying apparatus - Google Patents

Closure applying apparatus Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1987007588A1
WO1987007588A1 PCT/EP1987/000099 EP8700099W WO8707588A1 WO 1987007588 A1 WO1987007588 A1 WO 1987007588A1 EP 8700099 W EP8700099 W EP 8700099W WO 8707588 A1 WO8707588 A1 WO 8707588A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
capsule
skirt portion
container
capping
jaw
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1987/000099
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Mario Margaria
Original Assignee
Alplast S.N.C. Dei Fratelli Francesco E Renato Gor
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alplast S.N.C. Dei Fratelli Francesco E Renato Gor filed Critical Alplast S.N.C. Dei Fratelli Francesco E Renato Gor
Priority to BR8707714A priority Critical patent/BR8707714A/en
Publication of WO1987007588A1 publication Critical patent/WO1987007588A1/en
Priority to KR1019880700111A priority patent/KR880701683A/en
Priority to DK055388A priority patent/DK55388A/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67B—APPLYING CLOSURE MEMBERS TO BOTTLES JARS, OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; OPENING CLOSED CONTAINERS
    • B67B3/00—Closing bottles, jars or similar containers by applying caps
    • B67B3/20—Closing bottles, jars or similar containers by applying caps by applying and rotating preformed threaded caps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67B—APPLYING CLOSURE MEMBERS TO BOTTLES JARS, OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; OPENING CLOSED CONTAINERS
    • B67B3/00—Closing bottles, jars or similar containers by applying caps
    • B67B3/20—Closing bottles, jars or similar containers by applying caps by applying and rotating preformed threaded caps
    • B67B3/2066—Details of capping heads

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a closure apply ⁇ ing apparatus suitable for use in capping machines for placing on a container having a threaded neck portion and an annular collar below said neck portion a one- piece tamper-evident screw-type capsule made of rigid plastic material, said capsule including a horizontal end wall and a longitudinal side wall which comprises an upper internally threaded skirt portion, a lower skirt portion which is provided with an inwardly pro- jecting bead for snap engaging beneath said annular collar as a result of screwing of the capsule on the container and a plurality of thin frangible bridge por ⁇ tions connecting said upper and lower skirt portions.
  • Said capsules are useful in various applications, including soda bottles and containers which are main ⁇ tained under significant pressure.
  • Unscrewing of said capsules after the capping ope- ration provides visible evidence that the container be ⁇ tween opened due to fracture of the bridges and separa ⁇ tion of the lower skirt portion from the capsule.
  • US-A-3,031,822 describes a closure applying appa- ratus for use in capping machines for placing screw-ty ⁇ pe caps on containers, which comprises a rotary, verti ⁇ cally reciprocable capping chuck having a plurality of jaws for gripping the cap. each jaw being pivotally mo ⁇ vable between an open and a closed position and includ- ing an inwardly extending projection which, in the jaw- closed position, rests on the top of the cap and an ar ⁇ cuate portion which engages the cylindrical side wall of the cap.
  • Said apparatus could not be used for applying a tamper-evident capsule of the above mentioned type to a container, because such a use would imply a very high risk of fracture of the bridges during the capping ope- ration.
  • the inner flanges of the jaws of the capping chuck form an abutment surface for the lower skirt portion, which absorbs the forces produced during movement of the in ⁇ wardly projecting bead over the collar of the contain ⁇ er, thus preventing fracture of the bridges during the capping operation.
  • fig.l is a vertical sectional view of a closure applying apparatus according to the invention
  • fig.2 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the capping chuck of the apparatus illustrated in fig. 1, the chuck being shown in its open position before it closes on a tamper-evident capsule resting on the mouth of a container
  • fig.3 is a view similar to fig.2, the chuck being shown in its closed position at the end of the capping operation.
  • a closure applying apparatus which is suitable for use in capping machines for plac ⁇ ing screw-type capsules onto containers is generally indicated 1.
  • the upper part of the apparatus is of conventional type whereby only the lower part, which includes a ro ⁇ tary, vertically reciprocable capping chuck 2, will be described in detail.
  • Chuck 2 comprises a bell-shaped driving member 3 and a plurality of jaws 4 having recesses 4a at the up ⁇ per ends of their inner surfaces, in which the flange 5 of a tubular element 6 slidable centrally within the bell 3 is engaged with play.
  • a ring 7 against which bears a helical spring 8 which acts against the bell 3 at its other end.
  • each jaw 4 has a toroi ⁇ dal bead 9 which bears against the inner surface of the bell 3.
  • the central part of each jaw 4 has a recess 10 in which a drive pin 11 screwed into the bell 3 is engag ⁇ ed.
  • each jaw 4 To the inner lower end of each jaw 4 is connected by screws 13 a part 12 having a plurality of vertical serrations 12a and a radially-inwardly-projecting flan ⁇ ge 14 at its lower end.
  • a rod 15 is slidable in the tubular element 6 and, at its lower end, has an enlarged foot 15a with a cy ⁇ lindrical part 16, a conical part 17, and a cylindrical end part 18.
  • each jaw 4 has a tooth-shaped projection 44 with a conical upper surface 19, a conical side surface 20 and a flat lower surface 4b, having a distance from the flange 14 which substantially corresponds to the height of the capsules to be places on a container.
  • the chuck illustrated in fig.2 is moving downward- ly in the direction indicated by the arrow F towards a capsule, generally indicated A, resting on the mouth of a container B.
  • the capsule A is a one-piece tamper-evident screw- type capsule made from a rigid plastics material, such as polypropylene with a suitable filler, and is suita ⁇ ble for various applications, including soda bottles and containers which are maintained under significant pressure.
  • the capsule A comprises a horizontal end wall 21 and an upper skirt portion 22 having a plurality of vertical serrations 23.
  • the inner surface of wall 21 is provided with a sealing ring 24 constituted by a plastic mastic.
  • the upper skirt portion 22 has internal threading 25 for engaging the external threading 26 of the neck of container B.
  • the capsule A has a lower integral skirt portion 27 connected to the upper skirt portion 22 by a plura ⁇ lity of thin frangible bridge portions 28.
  • the lower skirt portion 27 has an inwardly projec ⁇ ting bead 29 for snap-engaging beneath an annular col ⁇ lar 30 carried by the neck of the container B below the threaded portion 26.
  • the internal diameter of the annular projection 29 is greater than the outer diameter of the threading 26 of the container B whereby the lower end of the capsule threading 25 rests on the upper end of the container threading 26 in the position illustrated in fig.2, that is before the capping operation is started.
  • the lower surface of th bead 29 on the lower skirt portion 27 comes into contact with the collar 30 of the container, the thin bridges 28 collapse and the upper and lower skirt portions 22, 27 come into contact with each other.
  • the lower skirt portion 27 is therefore subjected to a compressive * stress before the bead 29 snaps over the container col ⁇ lar 30.
  • the thin bridges 28 connecting the two skirt portions 22,27 of the capsule cannot be stretched beyond their original lenght, thus preventing fracture of said bridges during the capping operation.
  • a rod 31 of the ap ⁇ paratus illustrated in fig.l descends and lowers the rod 15, the foot 15a of which is brought into the posi ⁇ tion illustrated in fig.2, causing the jaws 4 to open.

Abstract

A closure applying apparatus (1) suitable for use in capping machines for placing on a container (B) having a threaded neck portion (26) and an annular collar (30) below said neck portion a tamper-evident screw-type capsule (A) made of rigid plastic material and having a lower skirt portion (27) which is connected by a plurality of thin frangible bridge portions (28) to an upper internally threaded skirt portion (22) and is provided with an inwardly projecting bead (29) for snap engaging beneath said annular collar (30) as a result of screwing of the capsule (A) on the container (B). The apparatus comprises a rotary, vertically reciprocable capping chuck having a plurality of jaws (4) for gripping the capsule (A), each jaw (4) being provided at its lower end with an inner flange (14) which engages from below the edge of the lower skirt portion (27). The flanges (14) of the jaws (4) form an abutment surface for the lower skirt portion (27), which absorbs the forces produced during snap movement of the inwardly projecting head (29) over the collar (30) of the container (B), thus preventing fracture of the bridges (28) during the capping operation.

Description

Closure applying apparatus
The present invention relates to a closure apply¬ ing apparatus suitable for use in capping machines for placing on a container having a threaded neck portion and an annular collar below said neck portion a one- piece tamper-evident screw-type capsule made of rigid plastic material, said capsule including a horizontal end wall and a longitudinal side wall which comprises an upper internally threaded skirt portion, a lower skirt portion which is provided with an inwardly pro- jecting bead for snap engaging beneath said annular collar as a result of screwing of the capsule on the container and a plurality of thin frangible bridge por¬ tions connecting said upper and lower skirt portions.
Said capsules are useful in various applications, including soda bottles and containers which are main¬ tained under significant pressure.
Unscrewing of said capsules after the capping ope- ration provides visible evidence that the container be¬ tween opened due to fracture of the bridges and separa¬ tion of the lower skirt portion from the capsule.
US-A-3,031,822 describes a closure applying appa- ratus for use in capping machines for placing screw-ty¬ pe caps on containers, which comprises a rotary, verti¬ cally reciprocable capping chuck having a plurality of jaws for gripping the cap. each jaw being pivotally mo¬ vable between an open and a closed position and includ- ing an inwardly extending projection which, in the jaw- closed position, rests on the top of the cap and an ar¬ cuate portion which engages the cylindrical side wall of the cap. Said apparatus could not be used for applying a tamper-evident capsule of the above mentioned type to a container, because such a use would imply a very high risk of fracture of the bridges during the capping ope- ration.
As a matter of fact, when during the capping ope¬ ration, the lower surface of the bead on the lower skirt portion of the capsule comes into contact with the collar of the container, the thin bridges collapse and the upper and lower skirt portions of the capsule come into contact with each other. The lower skirt por¬ tion is therefore subjected to a compressive stress be¬ fore the bead snaps beneath the container collar. Dur- ing said snap movement the sudden release of said com¬ pression stress in the lower skirt portion would cause an elongation of the bridges beyond their original length and a fracture of said bridges due to tensile stress would thereby occur.
The invention as claimed is intended to remove this drawback.
The advantages offered by the invention are that the inner flanges of the jaws of the capping chuck form an abutment surface for the lower skirt portion, which absorbs the forces produced during movement of the in¬ wardly projecting bead over the collar of the contain¬ er, thus preventing fracture of the bridges during the capping operation.
One way of carrying out the invention is described in detail below with reference to the annexed drawings which illustrate in detail only one specific embodi- ment, in which: fig.l is a vertical sectional view of a closure applying apparatus according to the invention, fig.2 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the capping chuck of the apparatus illustrated in fig. 1, the chuck being shown in its open position before it closes on a tamper-evident capsule resting on the mouth of a container, and fig.3 is a view similar to fig.2, the chuck being shown in its closed position at the end of the capping operation.
In the drawings, a closure applying apparatus which is suitable for use in capping machines for plac¬ ing screw-type capsules onto containers is generally indicated 1.
The upper part of the apparatus is of conventional type whereby only the lower part, which includes a ro¬ tary, vertically reciprocable capping chuck 2, will be described in detail.
Chuck 2 comprises a bell-shaped driving member 3 and a plurality of jaws 4 having recesses 4a at the up¬ per ends of their inner surfaces, in which the flange 5 of a tubular element 6 slidable centrally within the bell 3 is engaged with play.
To the upper end of the tubular element 6 is screwed a ring 7 against which bears a helical spring 8 which acts against the bell 3 at its other end.
The upper external part of each jaw 4 has a toroi¬ dal bead 9 which bears against the inner surface of the bell 3. The central part of each jaw 4 has a recess 10 in which a drive pin 11 screwed into the bell 3 is engag¬ ed.
To the inner lower end of each jaw 4 is connected by screws 13 a part 12 having a plurality of vertical serrations 12a and a radially-inwardly-projecting flan¬ ge 14 at its lower end.
A rod 15 is slidable in the tubular element 6 and, at its lower end, has an enlarged foot 15a with a cy¬ lindrical part 16, a conical part 17, and a cylindrical end part 18.
In correspondence with the foot 15a, the inner surface of each jaw 4 has a tooth-shaped projection 44 with a conical upper surface 19, a conical side surface 20 and a flat lower surface 4b, having a distance from the flange 14 which substantially corresponds to the height of the capsules to be places on a container.
In the open position of the chuck 2 illustrated in fig.2, the cylindrical surface 16 of the foot 15a of rod 15 engages the conical surface 20 of each jaw, which thus assumes an inclined position with its ful¬ crum of rotation 4c resting on the flange 5 of the tu¬ bular element 6.
The chuck illustrated in fig.2 is moving downward- ly in the direction indicated by the arrow F towards a capsule, generally indicated A, resting on the mouth of a container B.
The capsule A is a one-piece tamper-evident screw- type capsule made from a rigid plastics material, such as polypropylene with a suitable filler, and is suita¬ ble for various applications, including soda bottles and containers which are maintained under significant pressure.
The capsule A comprises a horizontal end wall 21 and an upper skirt portion 22 having a plurality of vertical serrations 23.
The inner surface of wall 21 is provided with a sealing ring 24 constituted by a plastic mastic.
The upper skirt portion 22 has internal threading 25 for engaging the external threading 26 of the neck of container B.
The capsule A has a lower integral skirt portion 27 connected to the upper skirt portion 22 by a plura¬ lity of thin frangible bridge portions 28.
The lower skirt portion 27 has an inwardly projec¬ ting bead 29 for snap-engaging beneath an annular col¬ lar 30 carried by the neck of the container B below the threaded portion 26.
The internal diameter of the annular projection 29 is greater than the outer diameter of the threading 26 of the container B whereby the lower end of the capsule threading 25 rests on the upper end of the container threading 26 in the position illustrated in fig.2, that is before the capping operation is started.
The descent of the chuck 2 from the position shown in fig.2 brings the cylindrical part 18 of the foot 15a of rod 15 into contact with the horizontal end wall 21 of the capsule so that the furtehr descent of the chuck causes relative axial movement between the jaws 4 of the chuck and the foot 15a.
As a result of this relative displacement, the cy¬ lindrical part 16 is disengaged from the conical part 20 and the conical part 17 is brought into contact with the conical part 19, as illustrated in fig.3, thus al¬ lowing the jaws 4 to close on the capsule A.
In this closed position, the flat lower surfaces 4b of the haws 4 engage the horizontal end wall 21 of the capsule A, the serrations 12a engage the serrations 23 of the upper skirt portion of the capsule to rotate it, and the flanges 14 of the jaws 4 engage from below the lower edge of the lower skirt portion 27.
As the capsule A gripped by the chuck 2 is thread¬ ed onto the container B, the lower surface of th bead 29 on the lower skirt portion 27 comes into contact with the collar 30 of the container, the thin bridges 28 collapse and the upper and lower skirt portions 22, 27 come into contact with each other. The lower skirt portion 27 is therefore subjected to a compressive * stress before the bead 29 snaps over the container col¬ lar 30.
The snap downward movement of the lower skirt por¬ tion 27 with respect to the upper skirt portion 22 cau- sed by the sudden release of said compressive stress is limited by the flanges 14 of the jaws 4, which form an abutment for the lower edge of the lower skirt portion 27.
Therefore, the thin bridges 28 connecting the two skirt portions 22,27 of the capsule cannot be stretched beyond their original lenght, thus preventing fracture of said bridges during the capping operation.
At the end of the capping operation, that is in the position illustrated in fig.3, a rod 31 of the ap¬ paratus illustrated in fig.l descends and lowers the rod 15, the foot 15a of which is brought into the posi¬ tion illustrated in fig.2, causing the jaws 4 to open.

Claims

CLAIM
Closure applying apparatus suitable for use in capping machines for placing on a container having a threaded neck portion and an annular collar below said neck portion a one-piece tamper-evident screw-type cap- sule made of rigid plastic material, said capsule in¬ cluding a horizontal end wall and a cylindrical side wall which comprises an upper internally threaded skirt portion, a lower skirt portion which is provided with an inwardly projection bead for snap engaging beneath said annular collar as a result of screwing of the cap¬ sule on the container and a plurality of thin frangible bridges connecting said upper skirt portions, said ap¬ paratus comprising a rotary, vertically reciprocable capping chuck having a plurality of jaws for gripping the upper skirt portion to the capsule, each jaw being pivotally movable between an open and closed position and including an inwardly extending projection which, in the jaw-closed position, rests on the top of the capsule and an arcuate portion which engages the upper skirt portion of the capsule, characterised in that each jaw (4) of the chuck (2) is provided at its lower end with an inner flange (14), the distance between said inner flanges (14) and said inwardly extending projection (44) substantially corresponding to the height of the capsule (A), whereby said flanges (14) form an abutment surface for the lower skirt portion (27) which prevents fracture of the bridges (28) during the capping operation.
PCT/EP1987/000099 1986-06-04 1987-02-23 Closure applying apparatus WO1987007588A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR8707714A BR8707714A (en) 1986-06-04 1987-02-23 CLOSING APPLIANCE
KR1019880700111A KR880701683A (en) 1986-06-04 1988-02-02 Closing device
DK055388A DK55388A (en) 1986-06-04 1988-02-03 Capsule APPLICATION APPLIANCE

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT67462A/86 1986-06-04
IT67462/86A IT1189689B (en) 1986-06-04 1986-06-04 TOOL USED IN CAPSULATING MACHINES FOR SCREWING ON PLASTIC SCREW CAPS CONTAINERS OF A GUARANTEE SEAL

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1987007588A1 true WO1987007588A1 (en) 1987-12-17

Family

ID=11302587

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1987/000099 WO1987007588A1 (en) 1986-06-04 1987-02-23 Closure applying apparatus

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US4905447A (en)
EP (2) EP0308399A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH01502899A (en)
KR (1) KR880701683A (en)
AT (1) ATE59181T1 (en)
AU (1) AU604688B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8707714A (en)
DE (1) DE3766756D1 (en)
DK (1) DK55388A (en)
ES (1) ES2019309B3 (en)
GR (1) GR3001218T3 (en)
IT (1) IT1189689B (en)
SU (1) SU1623566A3 (en)
WO (1) WO1987007588A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU584220B2 (en) * 1985-07-05 1989-05-18 New Product Engineering Pty. Ltd. Container closure handling mechanism
CN103303849A (en) * 2013-06-04 2013-09-18 上海东富龙科技股份有限公司 Claw-type vial capping cutter mechanism

Families Citing this family (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5437139A (en) * 1991-11-04 1995-08-01 Anderson-Martin Machine Co. Capping machine head with cap aligning chuck
US5327697A (en) * 1993-03-12 1994-07-12 Stolberger Inc. Chuck for capping machine
US6044626A (en) * 1998-11-06 2000-04-04 Pneumatic Scale Corporation Chuck for capping machine
US6076330A (en) * 1999-02-02 2000-06-20 Thomas; Glenn E. Powered crimping tool to secure a cap onto a bottle or vial
US6382440B1 (en) * 2000-03-10 2002-05-07 Alcoa Closure Systems International Closure having raised sidewall display elements
US6941724B2 (en) * 2001-06-07 2005-09-13 Klockner Khs, Inc. Screw capping head
US20030155320A1 (en) * 2002-02-19 2003-08-21 Fci, Inc., An Ohio Corporation Plastic water bottle
US6698160B2 (en) * 2002-02-19 2004-03-02 Fci, Inc. Apparatus and method to prevent bottle rotation
DE10232846A1 (en) * 2002-07-19 2004-02-12 Alcoa Deutschland Gmbh Verpackungswerke Closing cone
US7028857B2 (en) 2003-05-28 2006-04-18 Fci, Inc. Plastic water bottle and apparatus and method to convey the bottle and prevent bottle rotation
US6945011B2 (en) * 2003-05-29 2005-09-20 Blackhawk Molding Co., Inc. Container closure system
ITTO20060583A1 (en) * 2006-08-07 2008-02-08 Arol Spa "DEVICE FOR TAKING CAPSULES FOR A CAPPING MACHINE"
ITTO20060706A1 (en) * 2006-10-02 2008-04-03 Arol Spa "HEAD OF SCREWING AND ROLLING FOR THE APPLICATION OF PRE-THREADED CAPS"
ITBO20070546A1 (en) * 2007-08-02 2009-02-03 Acma Spa SOCKET EQUIPMENT FOR CAPPERS GROUPS IN MACHINES FOR PACKAGING CONTAINERS.
IT1392715B1 (en) 2009-01-13 2012-03-16 Gruppo Bertolaso Spa CAPPING HEAD FOR APPLICATION OF CAPS ON CONTAINERS
DE102013103111A1 (en) * 2013-03-26 2014-10-02 George Robert Collins Holder for a container receptacle and container receptacle
US20160208844A1 (en) * 2015-01-15 2016-07-21 Maclean-Fogg Company Crimped capped fastener
CN107098301A (en) * 2016-02-22 2017-08-29 温州市友联机械制造有限公司 It is a kind of the Cao rotating head of lid to be captured by orientation and with the pushing cover device for hanging lid boss
DE102016107167A1 (en) * 2016-04-18 2017-10-19 Krones Ag Closing head for closing a container with a container closure
IT201600085761A1 (en) * 2016-08-17 2018-02-17 Arol Spa "Self-adjusting capping spindle to apply closing elements on containers"

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3031822A (en) * 1961-02-21 1962-05-01 Cons Packaging Machinery Corp Chuck for capping machines
FR2420505A1 (en) * 1978-03-22 1979-10-19 Metal Closures Group Ltd IMPROVEMENTS RELATED TO CAPSULING MACHINES
EP0103567A2 (en) * 1982-09-14 1984-03-21 Elisabeth Schütt Plastic screw cap and apparatus for closing a container with such a cap

Family Cites Families (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2819577A (en) * 1956-06-07 1958-01-14 Cons Packaging Machinery Corp Spindle arrester for capping machines
US4178733A (en) * 1978-02-03 1979-12-18 The Upjohn Company Torque open capping chuck improvement
US4674263A (en) * 1985-10-29 1987-06-23 Aluminum Company Of America Finger assembly for a screwcapping head
US4696144A (en) * 1986-10-29 1987-09-29 New England Machinery, Inc. Container capper and torque tester

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3031822A (en) * 1961-02-21 1962-05-01 Cons Packaging Machinery Corp Chuck for capping machines
FR2420505A1 (en) * 1978-03-22 1979-10-19 Metal Closures Group Ltd IMPROVEMENTS RELATED TO CAPSULING MACHINES
EP0103567A2 (en) * 1982-09-14 1984-03-21 Elisabeth Schütt Plastic screw cap and apparatus for closing a container with such a cap

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU584220B2 (en) * 1985-07-05 1989-05-18 New Product Engineering Pty. Ltd. Container closure handling mechanism
CN103303849A (en) * 2013-06-04 2013-09-18 上海东富龙科技股份有限公司 Claw-type vial capping cutter mechanism

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK55388D0 (en) 1988-02-03
EP0308399A1 (en) 1989-03-29
BR8707714A (en) 1989-08-15
DK55388A (en) 1988-02-03
IT1189689B (en) 1988-02-04
IT8667462A0 (en) 1986-06-04
US4905447A (en) 1990-03-06
AU7089987A (en) 1988-01-11
GR3001218T3 (en) 1992-07-30
SU1623566A3 (en) 1991-01-23
AU604688B2 (en) 1991-01-03
KR880701683A (en) 1988-11-04
JPH01502899A (en) 1989-10-05
ATE59181T1 (en) 1991-01-15
EP0248145A1 (en) 1987-12-09
EP0248145B1 (en) 1990-12-19
DE3766756D1 (en) 1991-01-31
ES2019309B3 (en) 1991-06-16

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