WO1992022840A1 - Optical interconnections - Google Patents
Optical interconnections Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1992022840A1 WO1992022840A1 PCT/US1992/003761 US9203761W WO9222840A1 WO 1992022840 A1 WO1992022840 A1 WO 1992022840A1 US 9203761 W US9203761 W US 9203761W WO 9222840 A1 WO9222840 A1 WO 9222840A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- optical
- fibers
- sleeve
- interconnection
- optical fibers
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4248—Feed-through connections for the hermetical passage of fibres through a package wall
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3801—Permanent connections, i.e. wherein fibres are kept aligned by mechanical means
- G02B6/3803—Adjustment or alignment devices for alignment prior to splicing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/43—Arrangements comprising a plurality of opto-electronic elements and associated optical interconnections
Definitions
- the present invention relates in general to interconnections for connecting interactive components of electronic devices. More particularly, the present invention relates to apparatus and methods for optically interconnecting printed circuit boards by connecting optical fibers having one end embedded in the printed circuit boards.
- Optical fibers are finding increased utility within the electronics and communications industry as a means for transferring data. Additionally, optical fibers are used extensively for directly sensing temperature and pressure in a wide range of applications. In this capacity, the ability of optical fibers to attenuate transmitted radiation in response to changes in temperature and pressure is exploited to fabricate temperature and pressure sensors.
- the optical fiber sensors are suitable for use in virtually any application in which temperature and pressure sensors are utilized. Such applications range from analytical instrumentation requiring temperature and pressure control to automotive and aerospace use.
- One emerging aerospace use for optical fiber sensors is in the field of "smart skins". In this application, optical fiber sensors are placed in an array along aircraft wing skins to sense pressure variations at specific wing locations.
- optical fibers Based upon the pressure sensed at these locations, feedback mechanisms which are electronically connected to the optical fiber sensors control aircraft wing configuration parameters.
- This application and other similar uses of optical fibers frequently require large numbers of printed circuit boards which are functionally interactive.
- individual optical fibers typically have one end embedded in one of the printed circuit boards and the opposite end is connected to another optical fiber which in turn has one end embedded in a printed circuit board. It is not unusual for a single system to have an extremely large number of optical interconnections between optical fibers.
- optical interconnectors which are currently used in the industry generally provide low loss connections. However, many of these interconnectors require a large amount of space.
- One such connector is the standard snap-in type. These are configured much like a mechanical pencil and require bulky packaging to effectively fabricate an interconnection which is integral with the optical fiber system and which is also easy to connect and disconnect.
- optical interconnector Another type of optical interconnector consists of grooves which are etched in a silicon wafer with the optical fibers held in place in the grooves with epoxy adhesive. This configuration can also require a large amount of space and the fibers are not well secured, which can cause a loss in the integrity of the interconnection.
- a third type of currently utilized optical interconnection is prepared by simply butting the ends of two or more glass fibers and melting the ends together to form a permanent connection. Fibers which are connected using this technique are not easily disconnected and then reconnected. Additionally, these interconnections provide no means for protecting the optical fibers at the connecting location.
- an optical interconnection which has low loss and occupies a small amount of space, while maintaining a flat profile. Additionally, the optical interconnection of the present invention allows for conveniently disconnecting and reconnecting connected optical fibers which remain well aligned and functionally reliable while connected.
- optical interconnections are provided for connecting optical fibers having an end surface and a termination portion adjacent to the end surface.
- the interconnection comprises a sleeve having an inner surface which defines an optical fiber connection zone for housing the termination portion of the optical fibers.
- the optical fiber end surfaces are abutted together within the optical fiber connection zone.
- a means for securing the optical fiber termination portions within the optical fiber connection zone is also provided.
- the optical fibers utilized in the present invention are metal coated glass fibers having a solderable metal surface coating on the termination portion.
- the securing means is accomplished by a tack solder between the termination portion of the optical fiber and the sleeve.
- the optical interconnection can further include a support means for securing the sleeve and the adhered optical fiber termination portion.
- the support means is preferably a thick metal foil having elongated grooves for receiving the sleeve.
- optical interconnections of the present invention are advantageously useful for connecting large numbers of optical fibers in a small amount of space.
- large numbers of sleeves housing optical fibers can be positioned on a single metal foil and several printed circuit boards having embedded optical fibers can be connected without the use of bulky connector packages.
- optical interconnectors can be prepared by providing optical fibers having an end surface and a termination portion adjacent to the end surface. The next steps include positioning the optical fiber termination portions within a connection zone of a sleeve so that the optical fiber end surfaces are abutted together, and then adhering the termination portions to the sleeve.
- Fig. 1 is a representation of an optical interconnection in accordance with the present invention showing two optical fiber end surfaces abutted together and housed in a sleeve.
- Fig. 2 is a representation of an optical interconnection in accordance with the present invention showing optical fibers embedded in a printed circuit board and optically connected within a sleeve supported on a metal foil support.
- Fig. 3 is a representation of a method for preparing an optical interconnection according to the present invention.
- the present invention provides optical interconnections for reliably connecting optical fibers without the use of bulky packaging. Because the optical interconnections of the present invention lie flat and require little space, they are primarily intended for connecting large numbers of optical fibers which are embedded in a number of printed circuit boards. Those skilled in the art will appreciate, however, that the optical interconnections of the present invention can be used in any application in which optical fibers are connected together.
- Fig. 1 illustrates an exemplary optical interconnection 10 according to the present invention.
- the optical interconnection 10 includes a first optical fiber 12, having at least one end surface 14 and a termination portion 16 adjacent to the end surface 14.
- the optical interconnection 10 further includes a second optical fiber
- a sleeve 24 has an outer surface 26 and an inner surface 28, the inner surface 28 defines an optical fiber connection zone 30 wherein the termination portions 16 and 22 of the first and second optical fibers,respectively, are housed.
- the first and second optical fiber end surfaces 14 and 20 are abutted together within the optical fiber connection zone 30.
- Adhesive or solder 32 provides a means for securing the optical fiber termination portions 16 and 22 within the optical fiber connection zone 30.
- optical fiber Any type of optical fiber can be utilized in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
- Suitable polymeric fibers include polyacrylate optical fibers and fibers prepared from polyvinyls such as polypropylene and polyethylene.
- the optical fibers are located in environments in which they are exposed to extremes in temperature, humidity, and possibly high doses of ultraviolet radiation. Accordingly, the fibers must be capable of withstanding these environmental extremes and remain reliably functional.
- the preferred optical fibers utilized in the practice of the present invention are metal coated glass fibers, in which the core and the clad of the fiber comprise quartz. The metal coating provides a high degree of ruggedness and physical protection and the glass is able to withstand temperature extremes without melting or experiencing other transitions which affect their functionality.
- the diameters of the fibers utilized in the interconnections of the present invention are not critical to the function of the interconnection, and fibers of any diameter are suitable. Typically, the fibers have diameters of from approximately 50 micrometers to approximately 400 micrometers. Similarly, the lengths of the optical fibers is not crucial and they can range from 1 to 12 inches (2.54 to 30.5 cm).
- termination portions of the metal-coated optical fibers have a solderable metal coating. As discussed further below, the solderable metal coating provides a surface for tack soldering the sleeve to the optical fibers. When metal coated glass optical fibers are utilized, the solderable metal coating can be applied directly to the outer metal coating.
- the type of metal which is applied to form the solderable metal coating depends upon the type of solder which is utilized to form the adhesive bond. Suitable metals include copper, gold, or copper alloys. Gold is the preferred solderable metal. Methods known in the art for applying thin metal coatings can be utilized to form the solderable metal coating. Suitable methods include sputtering techniques, electroplating techniques, spraying methods, and dipping and wiping techniques. Since only very thin layers of solderable metal need be applied, typically on the order of 5 micrometers, electroplating the metal is particularly advantageous. Additionally, electroplating gold, the preferred coating material, is an easily used technique and produces thin uniform coatings.
- the sleeve can be any shaped conduit-type structure which can be utilized to house the optical fibers.
- a particularly suitable sleeve is a capillary tubing. These are readily available in a number of different diameters and thus require no special fabrication considerations.
- the diameter of the sleeve depends on the diameter of the optical fibers which are being housed in the sleeve. Typical sleeve diameters range from about 55 micrometers to about 410 micrometers.
- the preferred sleeve is a quartz capillary tubing having a metal coating.
- metal-coated quartz capillary tubing provides a rugged protection for the optical fibers.
- the diameter of the sleeve is selected so that the termination portion of the optical fibers fits very snugly within the optical fiber connection zone.
- the sleeve and the optical fibers preferably have similar coefficients of thermal expansion. This eliminates or minimizes damage to the interconnection caused by dissimilar shrinkage and expansion with temperature change.
- the adhesive or solder 32 which provides the means for securing the termination portions of the optical fibers within the sleeve can be any suitable organic adhesive, metal solder adhesive, or solder bond.
- One suitable class of adhesives consists of epoxy type adhesives which form strong bonds between a variety of' materials.
- epoxies will degrade at high temperatures and their coefficients of thermal expansion are significantly different from that of metal-coated capillary tubings and metal coated optical fibers, their use is somewhat limited.
- the preferred means for securing the termination portions of the optical fibers within the sleeve consists of tack soldering.
- Tack soldering is used herein in its accepted meaning to indicate a method for joining two metal substrates in which the two substrates are placed in contact and pressure and heat are applied to form a metal connection (i.e. solder bond) between the two substrates.
- Tack soldering is especially useful for noble metals and metals which have surface oxides, and has the added advantage that the metal surface does not have to be pre-tinned.
- the outer surface of the sleeve preferably has a solderable metal coating to provide a surface for effectively forming a solder bond between the two surfaces.
- the solderable metal coatings and methods for applying the coating can be any of those described above.
- the coating is gold.
- conventional solder such as a lead-tin solder, may be used as the securing means in accordance with the present invention. In this case, the surfaces to be joined are pre-tinned before the solder operation.
- Fig. 2 is a representation of an optical interconnection in accordance with the present invention showing optical fibers embedded in printed circuits boards which are interconnected by means of the connected optical fibers.
- the optical interconnection 40 shown in Fig. 2 includes a plurality of optical fibers 42, each of the fibers having a first end 44, a second end surface 46, and a termination portion 47 adjacent to the second end surface 46.
- the optical interconnection further includes a plurality of sleeves 48, each of the sleeves having an outer surface 50 and an inner surface 52.
- the inner surface 52 defines an optical fiber connection zone 54 where the termination portion 47 of at least two optical fibers are housed.
- the end surfaces 46 of the at least two optical fibers are abutted together within the optical fiber connection zone 54.
- the optical interconnection 40 of the present invention shown in Fig. 2 further includes solder as the means for securing the optical fiber termination portion 47.
- the first end 44 of each of the optical fibers is embedded in a printed circuit board 56.
- interconnections are provided in which a number of printed circuit boards can interconnected.
- the optical interconnection 40 further includes a foil sheet 58 which provides means for supporting the plurality of sleeves 48.
- a foil sheet 58 which provides means for supporting the plurality of sleeves 48.
- thick metal foil having a thickness on the order of 5 to 20 mils (0.013 to 0.05 cm) provides a particularly advantageous means for supporting the plurality of sleeves.
- the foil further has a plurality of elongated grooves 60 for receiving the plurality of sleeves 48.
- the optical interconnection 40 further includes tack solder or other adhesive 62 as a means for securing the plurality of sleeves 48.
- the preferred method for securing the plurality of sleeves 48 is tack soldering.
- the metal foil can support a large number of sleeves in a flat configuration which is on the order of 1 to 5 inches (2.54 to 12.7 cm) wide.
- a particularly suitable metal foil for supporting the plurality of sleeves is copper foil.
- Copper foil is readily available, is very pliable, has a suitable surface for tack soldering, and can be easily etched to form elongated grooves for receiving the individual sleeves.
- Many commercial chemical etching systems are available for controllably providing grooves in the foil. Among these are systems based upon ferric chloride for etching copper.
- Optical fibers and sleeves which are suitable for use in the embodiment represented in Fig. 2 are the same as those described for Fig. 1 above. Additionally, the preferred optical fibers are metal coated glass fibers having a solderable metal coating and the preferred sleeve is metal coated glass capillary tubing having an outer surface with a solderable metal coating and an inner surface with a solderable metal coating.
- the optical interconnections of the present invention can be formed using known assembly techniques for handling optical fibers.
- An exemplary method for preparing optical interconnections according to the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 3 and includes first providing optical fibers 70, and sleeves 80, each of the optical fibers having an end surface 72 and a termination portion 74 adjacent to the end surface 72.
- Each of the sleeves 80 has an inner surface defining a connection zone 78.
- the next step includes inserting the termination portion 74 of the optical fibers 70 into the connection zone 78 of the sleeve 80. The insertion is performed so that the end surfaces 72 of the optical fibers 70 are abutted together.
- the next step involves securing the termination portions 74 of the optical fibers 70 within the connection zone of the sleeve.
- the preferred securing means is an adhesive, solder, or solder bond.
- a preferred method for preparing the optica interconnections of the present invention further include providing metal foil 82 as a means for supporting th sleeve 80, and positioning the sleeve 80 on the means fo supporting 82 prior to inserting the termination portion 7 of the optical fibers 70. In accordance with the presen invention it is also preferable to etch elongated groove 84 in the metal foil 82 to receive the sleeve 80.
- preferred optical fibers are meta coated glass fibers and the termination portion has solderable metal coating.
- the sleeve is preferably metal-coated quartz capillary tubing and the outer surfac has a solderable metal coating. Inserting the metal-coate optical fibers into the capillary tubing can b accomplished using methods and tools for handling micro an small sized components.
- metal foil 82 such as coppe foil having etched elongated grooves
- the capillary tubing can be positioned within elongate grooves before inserting the optical fibers into th capillary tubing. This provides a stable support for th capillary tubing sleeves and aids in inserting the optical fibers into the sleeves.
- the next step includes securing the capillary tubes to the foil support. This step can be accomplished using those methods described above for securing the optical fiber within the capillar tubing including applying organic polymeric adhesives or solder, or tack soldering. When copper foil is the means for supporting metal coated optical fibers having a solderable metal coating, tack soldering is particularly suitable.
- Securing the termination portions of the optical fibers to the sleeves is also accomplished utilizing suitable adhesives or tack soldering.
- suitable adhesives or tack soldering Techniques for applying organic polymeric adhesives and for tack soldering small and micro components are well known in the art and can be utilized in the practice of this invention.
- tack soldering is preferred because the solder bond provides excellent adhesive bonds and can withstand extremes in temperature and humidity. This is a particularly desirable characteristic when the interconnections of the present invention are utilized in aerospace applications such as on aircraft wings and space vehicles.
- the outer surface of the sleeve or capillary tubing and the termination portions of the optical fiber are electroplated with a layer of gold having a thickness of approximately 5 micrometers, prior to preparing the optical interconnections.
- Gold provides an excellent surface for tack soldering reliable bonds; however, other metals, such as copper, platinum and copper alloys can also be used.
- printed circuit boards are interconnected in accordance with the present invention, they are preferably tack soldered to the metal foil support, e.g. copper foil, to provide additional support and stress relief to the interconnection.
- Sleeves preferably in the form of capillary tubing, are central to the optical interconnections of the present invention. These sleeves provide a means to simply and accurately align and connect optical fibers. The interconnections lie flat and require very little space.
- optical fibers having one end embedded in a printed circuit board can be connected to interconnect arrays of circuit boards without using bulky interconnect packaging.
- the connected optical fibers can be easily disconnected by removing the solder or adhesive in a nondestructive manner. This allows optical fibers and printed circuit boards to be easily interchanged in the field without destroying board components or optical fibers. This is particularly applicable in "smart skin” technology where large panels embedded with optical fibers and sensors are interconnected.
- the following non-limiting example illustrates a method for fabricating an optical interconnection in accordance with the present invention.
- the copper foil was tack soldered to four different sites on each printed circuit board.
- the present invention is not so limited. Rather, the present invention may be used to interconnect optical fibers which are embedded in any type of structure which may or may not incorporate electronic circuitry, including, but not limited to, flexible panels, cables, and circuits.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US712,765 | 1991-06-10 | ||
US07/712,765 US5134470A (en) | 1991-06-10 | 1991-06-10 | Optical fiber interconnections and method of forming same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1992022840A1 true WO1992022840A1 (en) | 1992-12-23 |
Family
ID=24863473
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1992/003761 WO1992022840A1 (en) | 1991-06-10 | 1992-05-08 | Optical interconnections |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5134470A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0542957A1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL101823A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1992022840A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (17)
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GB2256285B (en) * | 1991-06-01 | 1995-02-01 | Northern Telecom Ltd | Underwater cable joints |
US5469522A (en) * | 1993-12-02 | 1995-11-21 | Litecom, Inc. | Optical fiber splice interconnection and usage method |
CA2116934C (en) * | 1994-03-03 | 2000-08-01 | Murray R. Harman | Method for controlling the contact of optical fibers |
US5717813A (en) * | 1994-06-27 | 1998-02-10 | Fiberlign A Division Of Preformed Line Products (Canada) Ltd. | Fusion splice element for use in splicing optical fibers |
US5481640A (en) * | 1994-06-27 | 1996-01-02 | Fiberlign Division Of Preformed Line Products (Canada) Ltd. | Tool for fusing optical fibers |
US5740301A (en) * | 1994-06-27 | 1998-04-14 | Fiberlign Division Of Preformed Line Products Ltd. | Fusion splicing block with electrodes disposed on planar surface |
US5560760A (en) * | 1994-10-12 | 1996-10-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Method for optical and mechanically coupling optical fibers |
US5933564A (en) * | 1995-11-22 | 1999-08-03 | Litton Systems, Inc. | Optical interconnection apparatus |
US5902435A (en) * | 1996-12-31 | 1999-05-11 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Flexible optical circuit appliques |
CA2210843A1 (en) * | 1997-07-17 | 1999-01-17 | Litton Systems, Inc. | Optical interconnection apparatus |
US6260389B1 (en) * | 1998-07-20 | 2001-07-17 | Corning Incorporated | Method of prethreading a fiber draw process |
US6266472B1 (en) | 1999-09-03 | 2001-07-24 | Corning Incorporated | Polymer gripping elements for optical fiber splicing |
US6813416B2 (en) * | 2002-02-20 | 2004-11-02 | Lightwaves 2020, Inc. | Miniature fiberoptic filter and method of manufacture therefor |
US20040086255A1 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2004-05-06 | Botet Alfred D. | Stacked optical fiber arrays |
US7130498B2 (en) * | 2003-10-16 | 2006-10-31 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Multi-layer optical circuit and method for making |
US7121739B1 (en) | 2004-09-21 | 2006-10-17 | Mehl Ronii C | Fiber optic cable with connector |
US8135247B2 (en) * | 2009-03-30 | 2012-03-13 | General Electric Company | Packaged sensors and harsh environment systems with packaged sensors |
Citations (2)
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DE3445982A1 (en) * | 1984-12-17 | 1986-06-19 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Glass fibre for an optical telecommunications line |
EP0382511A2 (en) * | 1989-02-10 | 1990-08-16 | Nippon Electric Glass Company., Ltd. | Array splice for ribbon-like multi-core optical fibers |
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US3674914A (en) * | 1968-02-09 | 1972-07-04 | Photocircuits Corp | Wire scribed circuit boards and method of manufacture |
US3768146A (en) * | 1972-02-22 | 1973-10-30 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Method of splicing optical fibers |
US3919037A (en) * | 1974-11-07 | 1975-11-11 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Optical fiber splicing apparatus |
US4033668A (en) * | 1976-04-08 | 1977-07-05 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Solderable glass splices, terminations and hermetic seals |
US4964689A (en) * | 1978-11-07 | 1990-10-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Connector for splicing optical fibers |
US4290668A (en) * | 1978-11-29 | 1981-09-22 | Raychem Corporation | Fiber optic waveguide termination and method of forming same |
US4261644A (en) * | 1978-11-30 | 1981-04-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Method and article of manufacturing an optical fiber connector |
GB2087585B (en) * | 1980-11-14 | 1984-03-21 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Replacing optical fibre sheathing after fusion splicing |
US4746189A (en) * | 1983-02-08 | 1988-05-24 | Raychem Corporation | Optical fiber adhesive joint tube |
GB8310131D0 (en) * | 1983-04-14 | 1983-05-18 | British Telecomm | Sealing assembly |
US4580874A (en) * | 1983-06-27 | 1986-04-08 | Olin Corporation | Optical fiber cable repair and joining technique and kit for performing the same |
US4702547A (en) * | 1986-07-28 | 1987-10-27 | Tektronix, Inc. | Method for attaching an optical fiber to a substrate to form an optical fiber package |
DE3714525A1 (en) * | 1987-04-30 | 1988-11-17 | Siemens Ag | HERMETICALLY DENSITY FASTENING OF A FIBERGLASS IN A TUBE, ESPECIALLY FOR LIGHT-WAVE CONDUCTING COMPONENTS, AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
US4807959A (en) * | 1987-08-07 | 1989-02-28 | Corning Glass Works | Method of splicing fibers |
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JPH0237307A (en) * | 1988-07-27 | 1990-02-07 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | Permanent optical fiber connector |
DE3842904A1 (en) * | 1988-12-16 | 1990-06-21 | Siemens Ag | ARRANGEMENT WITH SEVERAL SPLICE MODULES |
US4921323A (en) * | 1988-12-22 | 1990-05-01 | Kingston Technologies, L.P. | Memory polymer optical fiber splicer and methods |
JPH06100696B2 (en) * | 1988-12-23 | 1994-12-12 | 日本電気株式会社 | Optical connector ferrule |
US4919510A (en) * | 1989-05-04 | 1990-04-24 | Corning Incorporated | Optical fiber connector and method |
US5000537A (en) * | 1989-05-25 | 1991-03-19 | Kabushiki Kaisha Nippon Optolonics Kenkyusho | Sleeve for an optical fiber connector and fabricating method therefor |
-
1991
- 1991-06-10 US US07/712,765 patent/US5134470A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-05-08 WO PCT/US1992/003761 patent/WO1992022840A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-05-08 EP EP92911179A patent/EP0542957A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1992-05-10 IL IL10182392A patent/IL101823A/en unknown
Patent Citations (2)
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DE3445982A1 (en) * | 1984-12-17 | 1986-06-19 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Glass fibre for an optical telecommunications line |
EP0382511A2 (en) * | 1989-02-10 | 1990-08-16 | Nippon Electric Glass Company., Ltd. | Array splice for ribbon-like multi-core optical fibers |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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COMPUTER DESIGN. vol. 27, no. 19, 15 October 1988, LITTLETON, MASSACHUSETTS US pages 38 - 41; D. LIEBERMAN: 'Hybrid board scheme bridges optical and electrical circuitry' * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 3, no. 96 (E-130)15 August 1979 & JP,A,54 074 453 ( SUMITOMO ) 14 June 1979 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL101823A0 (en) | 1992-12-30 |
IL101823A (en) | 1994-01-25 |
EP0542957A1 (en) | 1993-05-26 |
US5134470A (en) | 1992-07-28 |
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