WO1993011316A1

WO1993011316A1 - A structure

Info

Publication number: WO1993011316A1
Application number: PCT/SE1992/000800
Authority: WO
Inventors: Bo Karlsson
Original assignee: Bo Karlsson
Priority date: 1991-11-26
Filing date: 1992-11-25
Publication date: 1993-06-10
Also published as: SE9201319D0; SE9201319L; SE504528C2; AU3099292A

Abstract

A building comprising a roof construction (5), a wall construction (3) and a base construction has got the wall construction formed by a heat insulating layer (4) consisting of prefabricated wall elements comprising a foam plastic material. The wall construction additionally comprises an outer covering (12), which is implemented in a fire resistant material and is power-transmittingly connected, on one hand, to the roof construction and, on the other hand, to the base construction, said wall construction being strength-dimensioned to be capable of supporting the roof construction (5) relative to the base construction without assistance from the foam plastic material in the wall construction (3).

Description

A S T RUC T U RE

Technical field of the invention and prior art

This invention relates to a building. Particularly buildings of sta¬ tionary sort are intended, but it ought to be observed that also mobile buildings or buildings dismountable for transfer purposes are included within the limits of the invention. As "mobile" buildings are here included caravans supplied with wheels as well as such constructional works that are transportable by means of special loading devices, for example those being used during container handling.

The invention primarily occupies itself with a building of the sort that comprises a roof construction, a wall construction and a base construction, the wall construction comprising a heat insulating layer formed by prefabricated wall elements comprising a foam plastic material.

Prefabricated wall elements of such a foam plastic material results in the important advantage that the heat insulation becomes su¬ perb. One problem however is the lack of fire resistance of the foam plastic material. "Fire resistance" is here referred to as the capability of resisting either high temperatures or fire, or both of them. A disadvantage of known buildings of the related sort, is that the risk that the building collapses during fire is considerable. This has to do with the stability of the building being dependent on the strength of the prefabricated wall elements. When however the foam plastic material melts or carbonizes under the influence of high temperature or fire, the carrying capacity of the wall elements is also reduced so that said risk of collapse can arise.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is primarily to reduce the above related disadvantages with prior art. Thus the invention thereby in¬ tends to indicate alternatives to set right the stability adveπturous- ness, related to the usage of wall elements with foam plastic ma¬ terial, in a, from a constructive point of view, easy and relatively inexpensive way so that advantage accordingly can be taken of the excellent heat insulating capacities of this material.

This primary object of the invention is fulfilled by the wall construc¬ tion also comprising an outer covering, which is formed by a fire resistant material and is power transmitting ly connected to, on one hand, the roof construction and, on the other hand, the base con¬ struction, said wall construction being strength-dimensioned to be capable of supporting the roof construction in relation to the base construction, without assistance from the foam plastic material.

Thanks to this configuration, the outer covering will consequently work as a bearing link between the base construction and the roof construction in the case that, as a consequence of fire, the carrying capacity of the prefabricated roof elements would fully or partly disappear.

Further advantageous characteristics of the invention are defined in the dependent claims. Brief description of the drawings

Below will, with reference to the following drawings, follow a closer description of the preferred embodiments of the invention.

In the drawings are:

fig 1 a vertical cut through an upper part of a building in the area of an external wall of said building,

fig 2 a vertical cut illustrating a lower section of the external wall of the building and elements included in the base construc¬ tion of the building, it being observed that fig 1 and fig 2 are showing directly coherent respectively upper and lower parts of the building,

fig 3 a cross sectional view somewhat similar to fig 1 but illus¬ trating an alternative embodiment,

fig 4 a view corresponding to fig 3 but illustrating a larger part of the building,

fig 5 a cross sectional view similar to fig 1 but showing one fur¬ ther embodiment,

fig 6 a horizontal cut illustrating a detailed solution of the build¬ ing and,

fig 7 a perspective and exploded detail view illustrating eie- ments being parts of the base construction of the building.

Detailed description of preferred embodiments

The building illustrated in fig 1 and 2 comprises an upper system of joists 1 , a lower system of joists 2 and a wall construction 3 that comprises a layer 4 with good heat insulating characteristics. It is preferred that the heat insulating layer 4 is built up by prefabricated wall elements comprising a well insulating foam plastic core, for example of polystyrene, and relatively rigid surface layers, for ex¬ ample of metal sheet, arranged on both sides of said core. These elements connect preferably with each other through tongue and groove joints and are in the present case thought to be oriented with their longitudinal directions generally vertically, i. e. stand side by side, but could of course also be oriented with their longitudinal directions horizontally, i. e. lie on each other.

A roof construction of the building is indicated with 5.

The upper 1 and lower 2 system of joists are also suitably built up by insulating elements 6 similar to the ones already described for the roof construction and indicated with 4. Between the interior of the building and the roof construction 5 a protecting layer 7 of fire resistant material is arranged. The layer 7 is suitably formed by plates, e.g. of a cement-based type. The protecting layer 7 is ar¬ ranged between the upper system of joists 1 and the above lying roof construction, 5.

The wall construction 3 is implemented so that outside the heat in¬ sulating layer 4 a layer 8 that suitably has got good sound insulat¬ ing as well as fire resistance qualities is arranged. With good sound insulating qualities it is intended that the layer 8 per thick- ness unit advantageously has a better sound insulating capacity than the heat insulating layer 4, but this of course does not prevent that the layer 8 also might have relatively good heat insulating qualities. The layer 8 could for example be formed by mineral fi¬ bres of relatively high density. The layer 8 is suitably formed by specific plates.

The layer 8 is held in place by means of holding elements 9 lo¬ cated outside the layer 8 (see also fig 6). The holding elements 9 are longish and generally vertically oriented.

In the example it is preferred that the holding elements extend from the area of the lower system of joists 2 to the area of the upper systems of joists 1 and are fixed, in relation to the building, in the area of said upper and lower system of joists 1 , 2, to the respec¬ tively lower 10 and upper 11 ends of the holding elements 9. The layer 8 is advantageously arranged between the heat insulating layer 4 and an outer covering 12. Thereby the holding elements 9 are suitably arranged between the layer 8 and the outer covering 12. The outer covering is implemented in a fire resistant material, for example of plates which might consist of cement based mate¬ rial.

As specially appears from fig 6 the layer 8 is formed by plates 8a and 8b, joints 13 between two adjacent plates being generally ver¬ tical. A particular holding element 9 is mounted along such a joint 13 so that it keeps the plates 8a and 8b, located at both sides of the joint, in place.

As mentioned also the outer covering 12 is suitably formed by plates, joints between two adjacent plates being generally vertical. The plates 12a and 12b located on both sides of such a joint are, in a way that appears from fig 6, by means of fixing means 15 such as screws, nails, rivets or the like, mounted to one and the same holding element 9, located behind the joint.

The holding elements 9 are arranged to hold the layer 8 in place without being fastened to the latter.

From fig 1 and 2 appears that the heat insulating layer 4 is mounted on the lower system of joists 2 and that also at least one plate part 15 can be mounted along the edge of said lower system of joists 2, said plate part being thought to be of fire resistant and/or well sound insulating material. At the transition between the wall construction 3 and the lower system of joists 2 cross-section- wise generally Z-shaped profile elements 16 are suitably mounted, said profile elements forming a support for the plates forming the layer 8. This profile element is by means of suitable fixing means 17 fastened in relation to the heat insulating layer 4, i. e. the pre¬ fabricated elements forming said layer. The layer 8 on the other hand, is thought to bear on the heat insulating layer 4, preferably with intermediate mounting of elastic, sound transfer dampening inserts or bands 18 in such a way that the plates in the sound insu¬ lating layer 8 are not, by any fixing means, fastened to the heat insulating layer or the elements 4, but are held "generally loose" outside the heat insulting layer 4 by the holding elements 9.

When the profile element 16 as in the example is Z-shaped, the sound insulating layer 8 can suitably rest on the rib of it. The outer shank of the profile element suitably engages the already men¬ tioned plates 8 exteriorly thereof.

From fig 1 and 2 appears that the holding elements 9 might have a greater width in the thickness direction of the wall construction 3 in the area between the ends 10, 11 of the holding elements than at said ends. The holding elements in the example have the shape of profiles with foot sections 21 (fig 6), intended to bear on the layer 8 to hold that one in place. Those foot sections are suitably removed in the area of the ends 10, 11 of the holding elements so that just outer sections of holding elements are remaining, by which the holding elements are fixed in relation to the lower and upper sys¬ tem of joists, preferably by means of fixing means 22, protruding through the end sections 10, 11 and penetrating into the systems of joists, respectively 1 and 2. As will appear more in detail from the following, at least one plate part 23, corresponding to the one al¬ ready described and indicated with 15, can also be arranged at the edge of the upper system of joists 1 , While interpreting the concept of the invention, these plate parts 15,23 can be looked upon as being part of the systems of joists 1, 2 as well as being auxiliary parts thereto.

The fixing means 22 protruding through the end sections 10, 11 of the holding elements 9 are intended to penetrate into the system of joists 1, 2, for fixing purposes and then suitably into the building elements 6 forming the systems of joists. In the example the holding elements 9 have the character of paral¬ lel trapezoid profiled elements with the plate-shaped foot sections 21 located at the ends of the flanges (fig 6). The end sections 10 and 11 of the holding elements are in the example obtained through cutting away of the foot sections 21 and the flanges so that the rib sections of the profiles remain.

Also in the area of the upper system of joists 1 (fig 1) a cross sectionwise Z-shaped profile element 24 is arranged, which by means of the fixing means 25 is fastened to the heat insulating layer 4 of the wall construction and/or an adjacent end surface of said system of joists 1. The rib of this profile element 24 supports the already described plate part 23 at the edge of the building elements forming the system of joists 1.

A roof covering 26 being a part of the roof construction 5 is suitably supported by a profile element 27 arranged at the upper edge of the connection area between the upper system of joists 1 and the wall construction 3. This profile element 27 has suitably a gener- ally horizontal shank resting against the layer 7, a generally ver¬ tical shank 19 protruding downwards from the profile element and a generally vertical shank protruding upwards from the horizontal one, the last mentioned vertical shank merging into a section 28 forming a support area for the roof covering 26. In the nearness of the downwards protruding vertical shank 19 the profile element comprises another support area 20 for the roof covering. The latter is suitably, by means of fixing means 29 protruding through the roof covering and the sections 20, 28, fixed to the profile element 27. The profile element 27 itself is suitably connected to the building construction by means of fixing means 30 protruding through the horizontal shank and into the layer 7 and possibly also the ele¬ ments 6. From fig 1 appears that the downwards protruding vertical shank 19 is thought to be located interiorly of the outer covering 12 at the upper end of said covering. The fixing means 31 connect in a powertransmitting manner the profile element 27 in relation to the outer covering 12. The means 31 can also fix the outer covering 12 and/or the profile element 27 in relation to the plate part 23 and/or the upper system of joists 1.

Between the outer covering 12 and the holding elements 9 sound transfer reducing inserts of elastic type can be arranged.

The base construction appearing from fig 2 and 7 comprises plinths or foundations 33 and beams 34 arranged thereon. In the example the plinths or the foundations 33 are formed by rodlike elements that are rammed into the subsoil in necessary numbers. The beams 34 are formed by cross-sectionwise Z-shaped beams; at least the beams located along the outer sides of the building are formed by such Z-beams. On the plinths 33 bearing elements 35 are mounted that comprise casings 36 that are put on the upper ends of the plinths 33.^" To this casing 36 a support construction 37 with a Z- shaped cross-section is fastened. This support construction 37 is shaped to support from below the upper 38 and lower 39 flanges of the Z-beam in a way that best appears from fig 2. The Z-beam 34 can be fixed to the support construction 37 by means of bolts pro- truding through the rib of the support construction 37 and the rib 40 of the Z-beam 34. A beam 34a (fig 7) adjoining perpendicularly to a Z-beam 34 extending along the outer side of the building can suitably be connected to the bearing element 35 by bolt joints through the rib of the beam 34a and a plate-like attachment 41 on the bearing element.

The upper of the flanges 38 of the beams 34 is arranged to bear the system of joists 1 while the lower 39 of the flanges is support- ingly connected to an element 44 defining the base 42 of the building, said element suitably being shaped as plates. These plates are, on one hand, to a considerable extent power transmit¬ ting and, on the other hand, fire resistant and can as an example be of cement-based type. Inside these plates 44 further plates 43, in the first place suitably heat insulating, can be arranged. The baseplate 44 is fixed by means of fixing means 45 protruding through the plate and a section directed upwards at the outer end of the lower flange 39 of the beam 34, as well as further fixing means 46 through the plate and a profile element 47, in the example generally U-shaped with its flanges extending downwards. The fixing mean 46 can extend through the plate and the inner one of the downwards directed flanges of the element 47. The outer covering 12 is fixed to the outer flange of the profile element 47 by means of fixing means 48.

The base 42 is naturally realised so that surrounding ground layer generally will be at or just over the lower edge of the base 42.

As it appears from the above mentioned, the outer covering 12 is power transmittingly connected to, on one hand, the roof construc¬ tion 5 and, on the other hand, the base construction and further¬ more said outer covering is strength-dimensioned to be capable of bearing the roof construction 5 in relation to the base construction without help from the foam plastic material in the wall construction 3. Expressed in other words this means that also at general or even total elimination of carrying capacity of the prefabricated ele¬ ments forming the layer 4 the bearing of the roof construction 5 will be possible to carry out via the outer covering 12 so that the build¬ ing doesn't risk to fall down just because the prefabricated foam plastic elements are being destroyed by fire. In practise the power transmission occurs from the roof construction 5 via the profile element 27, the outer covering 12, the profile element 47, the base plate 44 and the Z-beam 34 and the bearing element 35 to the founding means of the base construction, i. e. the plinths 33 in the example. The profile elements 27 and 47 consist of metal or some other strong and fire resistant material. It should be put into the context that the outer covering 12 at its lower end could be fixed di- rectly to the base plate 44 while omitting the profile element 47, or possibly directly to other parts of the base construction, provided that the connection becomes sufficiently firm to make possible a bearing of the roof construction 5 via the outer covering 12.

From fig 1 appears that the roof construction 5 comprises further bearing and possibly roof truss-like elements 49 that are arranged so that the bearing forces are transferred, possibly partly via the roof covering 26, to the profile element 27, from which in its turn power transmission occurs to the outer covering 12. Because of the fire resistant layer 7 being located between the inside of the build¬ ing and the roof construction 5, the layer will protect the latter from influence by a possible fire inside the building, which means that the carrying capacity of the roof construction is maintained also in the case that the roof elements forming the system of joists 1 would have lost their own inherent carrying capacity.

It should be observed that the roof construction 5 should be imple¬ mented in such a way that it doesn't rely on any support function of the fire resistant layer 7, i. e. the roof construction 5 shall keep its carrying capacity even if the roof elements 6 no longer contribute with any bearing.

The variant in fig 3 and 4 differs from the one in fig 1 and 2 through the roof construction 5 and the upper systems of joists 1 here being formed by the same elements, namely prefabricated roof elements, suitably having a foam plastic core and rigid surface layers, prefer- ably out of sheet metal. These roof elements 50 are meant to be oriented with their lengthwise directions in the direction of the pitch and two adjacent roof elements have their upper sheet layers seamed to each other so as to obtain a tight upper sheet metal layer. In these seams fastening bands 51 can thereby be a part, said bands extending down into the joint between two adjacent roof elements to the profile element 27, where the band 51 is fastened in relation to the profile element 27 by means of fixing means 52. The profile element 27 can also be fixed in relation to the roof ele¬ ments via a support section 53 and by means of fixing means 54.The wall construction 3 consists, as before, of a heat insulating layer 4 formed by prefabricated wall elements. Further the layer 8, the holding elements 9 and the outer covering 12 are parts of the wall construction 3. The outer covering 12 is fastened in relation to a Z-shaped profile part 56 via fixing means 55, said profile part in its turn being fastened in relation to the profile element 27 and also the wall elements 4 by means of fixing means 57. On top of the wall elements 4 a plate 58 made of fire resistant material is suit- ably located. To protect the foam plastic material in the roof ele¬ ments 50 from the influence of fire within the building, one or sev¬ eral layers or plates 59 of fire resistant material are mounted be¬ tween said inside and said roof elements 50. The plate or the plates 59 can be mounted in relation to the profile element 27 or the wall elements 4 by means of an L-shaped bearing element 60.

In fig 4 is illustrated that the plate or the plates 59 of fire resistant material can be borne, in the area of the middle of the building, by a partition wall 61 or another bearing construction.

From that stated appears that also here the load from the roof con¬ struction 5 will be transferred to the outer covering 12 via the pro¬ file element 27 and the Z-profile 56 and via said covering down- wards to the base construction of the building so that the bearing of the roof construction will be obtained even if the wall elements 4 would loose their carrying capacity. It is observed that the plates 58 and 59 co-operates for, as far as possible, total screening of the roof elements 50 from the interior of the building by means of fire resistant material.

The variant illustrated in fig 5 can be said to be some kind of a compromise between the variants in fig 1 and 3. In fig 5 roof ele¬ ments 50 of the principal sort that has been discussed on the basis of fig 3 and 4 are consequently illustrated, while else the embodi¬ ment as regards the wall construction 3 rather resembles the one in fig 1. In comparison to fig 1 the difference exists that the system of joists 1 here is thought to be without considerable heat insulating capacity as the latter is obtained by the roof elements 50. The system of joists 1 can here consequently be of any conventional, suitable type. In fig 5 is suggested that the building exhibits a dwelling room 62 above the system of joists 1. In a way that has in principle already been discussed, according to the invention, a fire resistant protecting layer ought to be present between the inside of the building and the roof elements 50 containing the foam plastic material, and in the example this is realised through the different plates indicated with 63, 64 and 65 in fig 5. These are by means of suitable connection elements 66 fastened to the profile element 27 and the roof elements 50. Besides, a plate 67 delimiting the dwell¬ ing room 62 can likewise consist of fire resistant material.

It is obvious that the described constructions of the building can be modified in several ways within the limits of the concept of the in¬ vention. As an example it should be observed that at such a mobile embodiment of the building as discussed by way of introduction, the base construction of the building will be implemented in a cor- responding way, i.e. for example with wheels or the like. The con¬ cept "base construction" comprises consequently all sorts of con¬ structions suitable for bearing relative to the ground or other exist¬ ing subsoil.

As is suggested in fig 1 the profile element 27 can be stiffened by means of transversal stiffening elements 27a in the area of the power transmission from the roof truss elements 49 to the profile element 27.

Claims

1. A building comprising a roof construction (5), a wall construction (3) and a base construction, the wall construction (3) comprising a heat insulating layer (4), which is formed by prefabricated wall ele¬ ments comprising a foam plastic material, characterised in that the wall construction (3) in addition comprises an outer covering (12) realised by a fire resistant material and power transmittingly con¬ nected to, on one hand, the roof construction (5) and, on the other hand, the base construction, said wall construction being strength- dimensioned to be capable of supporting the roof construction in relation to the base construction without assistance from the foam plastic material in the wall construction.

2. A building according to claim 1 , characterised in that the outer covering (12) is formed by plates or the like.

3. A building according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that a pro¬ tecting layer (7;58, 59; 63, 64, 65) of a fire resistant material is ar- ranged between the interior of said building and the roof construc¬ tion.

4. A building according to claim 3, characterised in that it com¬ prises an upper system of joists (1) and that said protecting layer (7) is arranged between said system of joists and the above lying roof construction (5).

5. A building according to claim 3, characterised in that said roof construction (5) comprises prefabricated roof elements (50) com- prising a foam plastic material and that the protecting layer (58, 59; 63, 64, 65) is arranged between said roof elements (50) and the in¬ terior of the building.

6. A building according to any of the preceding claims, character- ised in that in the area above the wall construction (3) there is at¬ tached a profile element (27), which is connected to, on one hand, the outer covering (12) and, on the other hand, the roof construe- tion (5) and is arranged to transfer forces from the latter to said outer covering.

7. A building according to any of the preceding claims, character- ised in that said outer covering (12) is connected to the base con¬ struction by way of elements (44) defining the base (42) of the building,

8. A building according to claim 7, characterised in that it com- prises a lower system of joists (2), that the base construction com¬ prises beams (34) arranged on plinths (33) or other foundations, said beams being cross-sectionwise generally Z-shaped, that one (38) of the flanges of the beams is arranged to bear said lower system of joists (2) and that the other (39) of the flanges of the beams is supportingly connected to the element (44) defining the base.