WO1993023137A1 - Filter cartridge - Google Patents

Filter cartridge Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993023137A1
WO1993023137A1 PCT/US1992/004388 US9204388W WO9323137A1 WO 1993023137 A1 WO1993023137 A1 WO 1993023137A1 US 9204388 W US9204388 W US 9204388W WO 9323137 A1 WO9323137 A1 WO 9323137A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
filter
tube
cartridge
filter medium
inch
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1992/004388
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Gregory Scott Tronto
Raymond Wnenchak
Original Assignee
W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. filed Critical W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc.
Priority to AU24965/92A priority Critical patent/AU664195B2/en
Priority to CA002132702A priority patent/CA2132702C/en
Priority to JP5520160A priority patent/JPH07506532A/en
Priority to EP92918617A priority patent/EP0639103B1/en
Priority to DE69209095T priority patent/DE69209095T2/en
Publication of WO1993023137A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993023137A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/52—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filters embodying folded corrugated or wound sheet material
    • B01D46/521—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filters embodying folded corrugated or wound sheet material using folded, pleated material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
    • B01D29/111—Making filtering elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
    • B01D29/13—Supported filter elements
    • B01D29/15—Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration
    • B01D29/21—Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration with corrugated, folded or wound sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
    • B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/1692—Other shaped material, e.g. perforated or porous sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
    • B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
    • B01D46/2411—Filter cartridges
    • B01D46/2414—End caps including additional functions or special forms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/66—Regeneration of the filtering material or filter elements inside the filter
    • B01D46/70—Regeneration of the filtering material or filter elements inside the filter by acting counter-currently on the filtering surface, e.g. by flushing on the non-cake side of the filter
    • B01D46/71—Regeneration of the filtering material or filter elements inside the filter by acting counter-currently on the filtering surface, e.g. by flushing on the non-cake side of the filter with pressurised gas, e.g. pulsed air

Definitions

  • This invention relates to cartridge filters for use in filter systems designed to remove solid particles or dust from large volumes of gases, including air, in which they are suspended, such as industrial sweepers, bag houses, plenum type dust collectors, and the like.
  • Filtration systems which employ cartridge filters employ a porous filter material through which the gaseous medium passes, the solids being retained on the upstream surface of the filter medium as the gases pass through.
  • the separated solids build up on the upstream side of the filter medium with time and must be removed before the thickness of the accumulated solids layer causes excessive pressure drop.
  • the filter cake is dislodged from the filter elements by means of a pulse of compressed air admitted to the filter element, a reverse air flow, or a shaker mechanism.
  • the filter medium flexes under the force of the air pulse to dislodge the filter cake and the flow of gases being filtered is maintained while such flexing and dislodging is taking place.
  • Cartridge filters generally have a folded or pleated filter medium arranged cylindrically around a perforated cylindrical supporting member or tube.
  • the supporting tubes and filter medium are adhered to end caps which prevent leakage around the filter medium and provide support for the filter medium.
  • the porous support tube can made of a porous plastic, e.g., one having interconnecting pores from one side to the other.
  • the tube should be rigid in order to provide support to the filter media.
  • the tube can be made of porous polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylstyrene, polyamide, polyester or the like.
  • the tube will be a perforated metal tube such as steel, iron or most preferably expanded aluminum.
  • the filter media can withstand over 2 grains per cubic foot (4.5 mg per liter) of particle filled gases, and preferably over 5 grains (11.4 mg per liter).
  • the cartridges installed in the collector were 24 inch (60.96 cm) long with an outside diameter of 5.5 inch (13.97 cm) and an inside diameter of 3.5 inch (8.89 cm). They were constructed in the same manner as described in Example 1; however, the filter cores were constructed with expanded mild steel instead of expanded aluminum. Each filter contained 50 pleats, so the total filter area in the collector was 283 ft 2 (26.29 m 2 ).
  • a test was conducted for 14 hours during which the collector was run with an airflow of 400 cubic feet per minute (679 cubic meter per hour) and a dust loading greater than 10 grains per cubic feet (22.4 mg per liter) of air. Each filter was pulsed every 65 seconds at a pulse pressure of 35 pounds per square inch (2.46 Kg/cm 2 ). The presure drop measured across the filter media was 0.5 inch (1.27 cm) of water and remained at this level for the duration of the test.

Abstract

A pleated filter cartridge for removing particles or dust from a gas stream is described. The cartridge is made of a perforated support tube, a pleated filter medium around said tube, and end caps into which the ends of the filter medium, and the tube are sealed, wherein the pleated filter medium has less than seven pleats per inch and comprises a laminate of a nonwoven or felt backing and an expanded porous polytetrafluoroethylene.

Description

TITLE OF THE INVENTION
FILTER CARTRIDGE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to cartridge filters for use in filter systems designed to remove solid particles or dust from large volumes of gases, including air, in which they are suspended, such as industrial sweepers, bag houses, plenum type dust collectors, and the like.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Filtration systems which employ cartridge filters employ a porous filter material through which the gaseous medium passes, the solids being retained on the upstream surface of the filter medium as the gases pass through. The separated solids build up on the upstream side of the filter medium with time and must be removed before the thickness of the accumulated solids layer causes excessive pressure drop. In current practice, the filter cake is dislodged from the filter elements by means of a pulse of compressed air admitted to the filter element, a reverse air flow, or a shaker mechanism. The filter medium flexes under the force of the air pulse to dislodge the filter cake and the flow of gases being filtered is maintained while such flexing and dislodging is taking place.
Cartridge filters generally have a folded or pleated filter medium arranged cylindrically around a perforated cylindrical supporting member or tube. The supporting tubes and filter medium are adhered to end caps which prevent leakage around the filter medium and provide support for the filter medium.
For the most part, felts and fabrics have been used as the filter media with the addition of paper and other nonwoven backings. Cartridges of these types typically pack pleats very close together, e.g. 7-12 pleats per inch, for two reasons: (1) to maximize filter media surface area, and (2) to improve physical strength of the thin filter media where each pleat is unsupported to the cartridge during operation and cleaning.
An example is found in USP 4,878,930 to Manniso, et al . which uses an expanded porous polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane laminated to a felt or fabric and which is supported by a wire backing. The pleat spacing is greater than typically used with other filter media due to the fact that ePTFE membranes are more easily cleaned. On the cleaning cycle, it is important to leave enough space to allow dust (dirt, product, etc.) to exit the pleat space. This is the reason why ePTFE membrane filter cartridges are ruggedly supported, to allow the spacing for efficient cleaning while supporting the relatively open pleat that could not be supported by conventional means. It was, therefore, felt that a lightweight media would have to have tightly packed pleats to obtain support during cleaning and thereby avoid blow-out failure. The tight pleat needed to support such a cartridge is very ineficient in the cleaning cycle; thus, this leads to product build-up and high pressure drops. A more open pleat does not work well because high pressure pulsed air needed to clean that filter would blow out the cartridge.
It was previously believed that the use of ePTFE laminated to a nonwoven would have to be manufactured in the conventional way to give support to the media in the form of stays or the like. It was further reasoned that a tight pleat was needed for support would minimize the effectiveness of the cleanable ePTFE laminate.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention involves the surprising finding that ePTFE membrane laminated to a nonwoven or felt fabric backing can be used in a high grain loading, high pressure environment found in industrial baghouses with open pleat spacings of less than seven pleats per inch, and wthout any external support. Thus, the invention can be described as: A pleated filter cartridge comprising: a) a porous support tube, b) a pleated filter media around said tube, comprising a composite laminate of porous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene and a nonwoven or felt textile backing, c) end caps into which the ends of the filter media and the tube are sealed, wherein the pleated filter media has less than seven pleats per inch (2.54 cm).
By porous is meant that gases can pass through.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a perforated support tube K) having perforations 11.
Figure 2 is a perspective view of pleated cylindrical filter media 12.
Figure 3 is a view of support tube 10 having the filter media 12 around a portion of it.
Figure 4 depicts a cut-a-way view of cartridge 15 having filter media 12. embedded in end cap member 13.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The porous support tube can made of a porous plastic, e.g., one having interconnecting pores from one side to the other. The tube should be rigid in order to provide support to the filter media. The tube can be made of porous polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylstyrene, polyamide, polyester or the like. Preferably, the tube will be a perforated metal tube such as steel, iron or most preferably expanded aluminum.
A sheet of filter medium of the same length as the support tube is folded or pleated and formed into a pleated cylindrical filter. The filter material for use in this invention is a composite sheet of porous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene film bonded to a nonwoven or felt textile backing material. The porous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene film is prepared in accordance with one or more of U.S. Patent Nos. 4,187,390; 4,110,392; 4,096,227; 3,962,153; 3,953,566; and 4,025,679. The non-sticking properties of the polytetrafluoroethylene surfaces of such composites minimize the sticking and consequent build-up of particles being filtered from the gas stream to the filter and also facilitate periodic removal of any filter cake build-up by pulse jet or other cleaning method.
It has been found that less than seven pleats per inch is effective in this invention. It has also been found that the filter media can withstand over 2 grains per cubic foot (4.5 mg per liter) of particle filled gases, and preferably over 5 grains (11.4 mg per liter).
To make the cartridges of this invention a porous support tube of appropriate length and diameter obtained. Then the filter medi is selected and pleated with less than seven pleats per inch, but usually at least two, and is constructed of a diameter that fits closely around the tube.
After sliding the pleated filter media tube over the support tube,the ends of the filter media and the support tube are then sealed to end caps, such as, by using adhesives or imbedding in rubbers, thermoplastic resins, plastisols, or the like. In one embodiment, a contoured end cap with the contour following or approximating in shape that of the pleats in the filter medium can be used. The end caps can be a metal or plastic cap or the molded thermoplastic resin and its imbedded components can serve as the end cap. This can be made by imbedding or potting the ends of the filter assembly in the requisite potting material, letting it harden sufficiently to hold its shape, removing the mold, and allowing the potting material to continue to cure to a hard completely cured end cap.
Surprisingly, the pressure needed to clean the structure of this invention is so low that there is no need to attach the filter media to any support other than the support tube or the potting at the ends. However, inner or outer ring supports may be added for extra support in very high pressure applications. EXAMPLES
The following examples illustrate the effectiveness of this type of filter cartridge.
Example 1
Two filer cartridges were constructed, starting with an expanded porous polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane laminated to a 6 ounce polyester nonwoven backing material. The membrane laminate was slit to a width of 26 inches (66.04 cm) and folded into 1.0 inch (2.54 cm) pleats on a pleating machine. The first filter was made with 50 pleats (2.9 pleats per inch) (18 ft2 (1.67 m2) filter media) and the second filter was made with 60 pleats (3.5 pleats per inch) (22 ft2 or 2.04 m2 filter media). The pleated filter media was formed into a cylindrical shape and the two end pleats were glued together with a polyamide hot melt. The ePTFE membrane was scraped off the area to be glued prior to applying the hot melt to improve adhesion.
The filter support tubes were constructed by cutting sheets of 26 gauge (.046 cm) expanded aluminum which were 26 inch (66.04 cm) long by 12 inch (30.48 cm) wide. These were formed into cylindrical tubes with an inside diameter of 3.5 inch (8.89 cm). The edges of the metal sheets were overlapped in the tube approximately 1.0 inch (2.54 cm). The tubes were held in place using strands of 18 gauge (.121 cm) wire until they were spot welded. The filter cartridges were assembled by sliding the expanded aluminum into the center of the pleated filter media, which had been glued to form a cylindrical tube. This construction was then potted into a galvanized steel end cap with an outside diameter of 5.5 inch (13.97 cm) and an inside diameter of 3.5 inch (8.89 cm) and 0.375 inch (.9525 cm) deep. The end cap contained a potting material consisting of a heat-curable polyvinylchloride. The curing of the potting compound was completed in 20 minutes on a hot plate at 385°F (196°C). The bottom of the filter was then potted in the same manner with another galvanized end cap with an outside diameter of 5.5 inch (13.97 cm) and no center hole; this cap was also 0.375 inch (.9525 cm) deep.
Example 2
Seventeen cartridge filters were retrofitted into a dust collector filter system. This dust collector, which was build by Allied Industries (Houston, TX), was designed to utilize 17 filter bag cartridges.
The cartridges installed in the collector were 24 inch (60.96 cm) long with an outside diameter of 5.5 inch (13.97 cm) and an inside diameter of 3.5 inch (8.89 cm). They were constructed in the same manner as described in Example 1; however, the filter cores were constructed with expanded mild steel instead of expanded aluminum. Each filter contained 50 pleats, so the total filter area in the collector was 283 ft2 (26.29 m2). A test was conducted for 14 hours during which the collector was run with an airflow of 400 cubic feet per minute (679 cubic meter per hour) and a dust loading greater than 10 grains per cubic feet (22.4 mg per liter) of air. Each filter was pulsed every 65 seconds at a pulse pressure of 35 pounds per square inch (2.46 Kg/cm2). The presure drop measured across the filter media was 0.5 inch (1.27 cm) of water and remained at this level for the duration of the test.
The collector was opened after the test to examine the conduction of the filters. The surface of the filter media was extremely clean. No measurable dust cake was present on the membrane surface and no dust was present between the pleats. None of the pleats were damaged by the air pulse, despite the fact that no external supports were holding the pleats to the metal core.

Claims

WE CLAIM:
1. A pleated filter cartridge consisting essentially of: a) a perforated support tube, b) a pleated filter medium around said tube, comprising a laminate of a nonwoven or felt backing and an expanded porous polytetraf1uoroethylene, c) end caps into which the ends of the filter medium, and the tube is sealed, wherein the pleated filter medium has less than seven pleats per inch.
2. The cartridge of Claim 1 wherein the cartridge can withstand a grain loading of at least 2 grains per cubic foot (4.5 mg per liter).
PCT/US1992/004388 1992-05-08 1992-05-26 Filter cartridge WO1993023137A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU24965/92A AU664195B2 (en) 1992-05-08 1992-05-26 Filter cartridge
CA002132702A CA2132702C (en) 1992-05-08 1992-05-26 Filter cartridge
JP5520160A JPH07506532A (en) 1992-05-08 1992-05-26 filter cartridge
EP92918617A EP0639103B1 (en) 1992-05-08 1992-05-26 Filter cartridge
DE69209095T DE69209095T2 (en) 1992-05-08 1992-05-26 FILTER CARTRIDGE

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US880,810 1992-05-08
US07880810 US5207812B1 (en) 1992-05-08 1992-05-08 Filter cartridge

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993023137A1 true WO1993023137A1 (en) 1993-11-25

Family

ID=25377152

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1992/004388 WO1993023137A1 (en) 1992-05-08 1992-05-26 Filter cartridge

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5207812B1 (en)
EP (1) EP0639103B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH07506532A (en)
AU (1) AU664195B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2132702C (en)
DE (1) DE69209095T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2690853A1 (en)
IT (1) ITTO930317A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1993023137A1 (en)

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Title
Dialog Information Services, File 351, World Patent Index 81-92, Dialog accession no. 007816581, WPI accession no. 89-081693/11, KURABO IND KK: "Heated tubular filter element - comprises filter membrane with porous support on both sides and end caps sealed with reinforced ends", JP 1034403, A, 890203, 8911 (Basic) *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6336948B1 (en) 1996-08-09 2002-01-08 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Fire-retardant filter medium and air filter unit
US6027553A (en) * 1997-04-11 2000-02-22 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Air filter unit and method for manufacturing the same
US8523974B2 (en) 2011-08-18 2013-09-03 General Electric Company Filter core for use with pleated filter cartridges
WO2015089353A1 (en) * 2013-12-13 2015-06-18 Bha Altair, Llc Manufacturing molded pleated filter cartridge with no horizontal extending ledges

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69209095D1 (en) 1996-04-18
AU2496592A (en) 1993-12-13
CA2132702A1 (en) 1993-11-25
EP0639103B1 (en) 1996-03-13
FR2690853A1 (en) 1993-11-12
EP0639103A1 (en) 1995-02-22
DE69209095T2 (en) 1996-10-02
ITTO930317A0 (en) 1993-05-07
CA2132702C (en) 1999-09-21
US5207812B1 (en) 1996-10-01
AU664195B2 (en) 1995-11-09
US5207812A (en) 1993-05-04
JPH07506532A (en) 1995-07-20
ITTO930317A1 (en) 1993-11-08

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