WO1994003704A1

WO1994003704A1 - Gravel packing system

Info

Publication number: WO1994003704A1
Application number: PCT/US1993/007227
Authority: WO
Inventors: William T. Tapp; Marvin B. Traweek; Richard A. Mollicone
Original assignee: Baker Hughes Incorporated
Priority date: 1992-08-06
Filing date: 1993-07-29
Publication date: 1994-02-17
Also published as: DK37794A; GB2275707B; CA2120484C; AU4796893A; AU663274B2; NO941217L; CA2120484A1; DE4393821T1; US5332038A; NL9320005A; NO941217D0; NO308808B1; GB9406403D0; GB2275707A

Abstract

A gravel packing system in which the gravel screen (SCR) and attached (PKR) are anchorable in a well bore. A cross-over tool (XOV) has an indicator device which cooperates with the gravel screen to provide surface indications of the downhole tool positions and the operation of a gravel valve (GRV). A setting tool (SET) can be used with the cross-over tool (XOV) to set the packer (PKR) and is releasable by hydraulic pressure. The setting tool and packer are releasably and co-rotatively coupled permitting right hand rotation while going in the well bore. The cross-over tool has a float valve (500) which permits reverse circulation in low pressure wells. The packer has a release system for permitting retrieval of the packer.

Description

GRAVEL PACKING SYSTEM

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to well tools for use in well bores which traverse earth formations and more particularly to systems and components for downhole oil well tools for performing downhole service operations in a well bore, such as gravel packing in a horizontal well bore. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In drilling a borehole through earth formations, the borehole is never truly vertical and in many instances is deliberately deviated from a vertical by directional drilling. Recent technology has introduced a concept of curving or angling a borehole to have a horizontal or somewhat horizontal length of terminal well bore which can traverse horizontally through vertical layers of earth formations or through a production stratum. With this arrangement, greater quantities of hydrocarbons can be produced from several different layers of earth formations or a production stratum through a string of tubing to the earth's surface. As is customary in the completion of wells, a surface tubular metal casing or coupled lengths of pipe and borehole liners of coupled lengths of pipe are disposed along the length of a borehole with the annulus between the liner and/or casing being filled with cement. The liner is appropriately perforated or slotted along the hydrocarbon producing zones. In some types of oil well completions, a packer assembly is connected to a gravel packing assembly and lowered through the well bore (the liner bore) so that a packer element on the packer assembly can be located in a liner at a location above an upper hydrocarbon producing zone with the gravel packing assembly extending below the packer element and extending through the length of the production zone traversed by a well bore.

The packer element is then actuated to seal off the cross section of the well bore to prevent fluid communication relative to the packer element in the well bore except through the bore of the packer assembly which is coupled to a tubing string. A setting tool apparatus typically is located on the end of the tubing string and is releasable attached to the packer assembly by a left hand releasable threaded connection.

This requires right hand rotation for release. The setting tool apparatus has an attached internally located tubular crossover assembly that extends downwardly through the tubular outer gravel screen which is attached to the packer assembly. The gravel screen includes blank pipe sections as well as porous screen or screen sections. A liquid/gravel mixture is transferred by the cross-over tool to the annulus between the gravel screen(s) and well bore with liquid being filtered through the screen(s) and returned to the surface via the annulus between the string of tubing and the well bore above the packer assembly.

The setting tool apparatus and the crossover assembly are manipulatable by the tubing string relative to the gravel screen assembly to provide the fluid communication path between the bore of the string of tubing and gravel ports in the gravel screen below the packer assembly to flow a liquid slurry of gravel and liquid to the lower annulus between the well bore and the gravel screen. The purpose of the flow of slurry is to pack the lower annulus with gravel for retaining the integrity of the well bore and the earth formations behind the well bore liner where the well bore liner extends through a sand formation. The liquid from the slurry is returned through the gravel screens to a bypass passage in the crossover assembly and the bypass passage communicates with an upper annulus between the tubing string and the packer assembly above the packer element. After a gravel packing of a lower annulus in the well bore has been completed, the setting tool and the crossover assembly are longitudinally positioned so as to permit a reverse circulation of liquid to remove the slurry from the tubing string and to the earth's surface. After reverse circulating the slurry from the tubing string, the setting tool assembly and crossover assembly are retrieved. Thereafter, a production string of tubing is coupled to the packer assembly hydrocarbon and production from the earth formations occurs through the gravel packed annulus to the production string of tubing coupled to the packer.

In the performance of the above described operations in a deviated or horizontally drilled well bore, or for that matter in any well bore, there are a limited number of tubing string motions available to operate the downhole equipment of the setting tool and crossover assembly. Left hand turning of the tubing string is always undesirable because of the possibility of unscrewing the pipe string at some point along its length. The available motions are up and down movements of the tubing string and right or left turning of the tubing string, or a combination of these motions. The apparatus heretofore utilized for gravel packer has been more or less a one shot operation with little room for error.

Hydraulic pressure in the string of tubing and in the annulus is also commonly used to cause a shear pin release of relatively movable tool parts but is limited in application.

It is also desirable in a deviated or horizontal well bore to be capable of rotating the tubing string to the right to facilitate its entry through the well bore while being lowered into the well bore. As is obvious, if the tubing string and the tool string can be rotated to the right during entry then this motion is lost for purposes of releasing the tool from a gravel packing apparatus.

Prior art patents known to applicants include U.S. Patent No.4, 553,595 to Huang, et al. in which gravel packing is accomplished in two distinct steps. U. S. Patent No. 3,987,854 to Callahan, et al. which discloses the hydraulically operated packer on top of a screen section. A setting tool with left hand threads is connected to left hand threads on a packer and carries a crossover tool.

U. S. Patent No. 4,856,591 to Donovan, et al. discloses the use of stabilizer elements to centralize screens of a gravel pack system in a horizontal well bore. In the '591 patent a releasable right hand rotative coupling interconnection is illustrated which is hydraulically actuated to release a back-up sleeve which releases coupling collet fingers. For mechanical unthreading of the collet fingers, annulus pressure is required to actuate and release an anti-rotation coupling sleeve.

SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION The present invention involves a gravel packing system which is particularly useful for deviated and horizontal well bores. The system includes a packer and attached gravel packing screen tool which are lowered into the well bore by a releasably connected setting tool on a string of tubing with an attached cross-over assembly disposed in the gravel screen tool. The setting tool has a releasable co-rotational interlock with the packer so that the assembly can be rotated while being lowered into the borehole. The setting tool has a collet type threaded finger connection with an internal thread in the packer bore and is hydraulically releasable, as well as, alternatively mechanically releasable. The packer has packer elements and an anchor means which are actuatably by relative longitudinal motion between a central mandrel and an outer activating sleeve to move between a retracted and an extended position and are locked in an extended position. Release means on the packer can be actuated and include a release sleeve which is releasably converted to a retainer sleeve and normally holds retainer locking elements in locking relation to the central mandrel. When the release sleeve is shifted, the locking elements are released to free up the lower end of the anchor means so that an upward pull on the tubing string release a locking means on an upper expander and stretches out the packer to a contracted condition. The gravel screen is a tubular outer assembly with upper intermediate and lower restricted bore sections respectively above indicator shoulders. The assembly has a sleeve valve with indicator bore and shoulders as well as collet latching fingers for an indication of opening and closing of the sleeve valve.

The cross-over tool has a resilient indictor means at its lower end which can be resiliently passed through the restricted bores in the gravel tool assembly and gives a surface indication of the downhole positioning of the cross-over tool in the gravel screen and the opening and closing of the gravel valve. The resilient indicator permits repeated operation which can be observed at the surface before, during and after gravel packing.

The cross-over tool includes a float valve which permits reverse circulation in situations where low pressure formations would otherwise be damaged.

In the operation of the system, a gravel screen and packer are disposed in a well bore so that a cross-over tool on a string of tubing can be repeated cycled as necessary to obtain surface indications of the downhole tool position and the operation of the gravel valve. If the tool is functioning properly, a liquid gravel mixture can be transported down the tubing string to be channelled by the cross-over tool to an annulus about the gravel screen below a seal sub. The liquid returns to the earth's surface through a bypass system which extends to the annulus between the string of tubing and the well bore above the packer. In a second position of the cross-over tool, the liquid is channelled by the cross¬ over tool above the seal sub to return to the earth's surface via the annulus between the string of tubing and the well bore. In a third position of the cross-over tool, the gravel valve is closed and liquid can be circulated down the annulus between the string of tubing and the well bore and reverse circulate the mixture in the string of tubing to the earth's surface where the liquid flow is above a float valve in the cross-over tool which prevents the imposition of hydraulic pressure on the earth formation.

The operation of the packer in conjunction with the setting tool involves dropping a sealing ball and setting the packer and anchoring means. Further hydraulic pressure unlocks or releases the collet fingers from the packer by a hydraulic release operated system which retracts the collet fingers and has a lost motion operation in the release and permits the release of the co-rotational interlock.

Various details of the overall system and its components will be apparent from the description to follow.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a string of tools and partial cutaway for a packer assembly and crossover tool assembly;

FIG.2 schematically illustrates in partial longitudinal cross-section a gravel screen assembly; FIG. 3 A and 3B are illustrative of the tool in a first position after the packe

element 32 is initially set to seal off the well bore;

FIG. 4 A and 4B are illustrative of the tool in position for pumping a gravel slurr to the annulus 62 between the packing means 32 and the lower sump packer SPKR; FIG. 5 A and 5B are illustrations of the tool in a position for pumping a grav slurry to an upper screen assembly;

FIG. 6A and 6B are illustrations of the tool in a position for reverse circulatio of the gravel mixture from the tubing string.

FIG. 7 A and 7B is an enlarged illustration in partial cross-section through th

packer PKR (see FIG. 1);

FIGs. 8, 9 and 10 are enlargement of sections of the packer shown in FIG. 7 an 7B;

FIG. 11 is a view in cross-section taken along line 11-11 of FIG 10;

FIG. 12A and 12B is an illustration of a packer retrieving tool for the packe shown in FIG. 7A and 7B;

FIG. 13 is a view taken along line 13-13 of FIG. 12A;

FIG. 14A and FIG. 14B is an illustration of a setting tool for the packer show in FIG. 7A and 7B;

FIG. 15 is an enlargement view of a section of the tool shown in FIG. 14B; FIG. 16 is an enlargement view of a section of the tool shown in FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 is a view taken along line 17-17 of FIG. 16;

FIG. 18 is an illustration of the crossover tool assembly;

FIG. 19 is a view of a part of the gravel port valve in the screen assembly; FIG. 20 is an enlarged view of a part of the tool shown in FIG. 18;

FIG. 21 is a view taken along line 21-21 of FIG. 20;

FIG. 22 is a view taken along line 22-22 of FIG. 20; and

FIG. 23 is a view of the position indicator and float valve. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

General assembly

Referring now to FIG. 1 , a partial string of tools is schematically shown as attached to a tubular string of pipe TBS which extends from the earth's surface (not shown). The string of tools includes a setting tool SET, which is attached to the tubular string of tubing TBS. The setting tool SET is releasably coupled to a packer PKR.

Interconnected lugs or castellated members at 30 on the setting tool SET and the packer

PKR releasable interconnect the setting tool SET and packer PKR and permit co-rotation of the setting tool and the packer when engaged with one another. The packer PKR includes a packing element 32, slip means 34 and a lower release collar 36. The lower release collar 36 is connected by a tubular member SUB to a tubular outer gravel screen assembly 37 which is schematically shown in FIG. 2.

Referring to FIG.2, the tubular outer gravel screen assembly 37 includes a tubular gravel valve GRV having gravel ports 38 which are shown in an open position with respect to internal sliding sleeve valve member 40. One of the features of the invention is that the gravel valve GRV can be selectively open or closed by manipulation of the setting tool and provide a surface indication of the valve operation. Between the packer

PKR and the sub SUB is a downwardly facing internal shoulder C3. The packer PKR has an internal sealing bore 42 located above the shoulder C3. Below the gravel valve GRV is a tubular sealing bore sub SBS with an internal sealing bore 44. At the lower end of the sealing bore 44 is a downwardly facing internal shoulder C2. Spaced downwardly from the shoulder C2 is an internal flange section 46 with a bore 47 which forms a downwardly facing shoulder Cl. Below the shoulder Cl are blank pipes and/or screens SCR. The lowermost screen SCR is attached to a sealing sub SSS which has an internal sealing bore 48 with an internal seal packing. Below the sealing sub SSS is another screen member SCR-1. Typically, the screen member SCR-1 is located below the perforations in the well casing.

Referring back again to FIG. 1 , the setting tool SET is connected by a tubular member (not shown in FIG. 1) extending through the packer PKR to a tubular crossover tool XOV which extends into the tubular outer screen assembly 37 below the packer PKR (See FIG. 2). The crossover tool XOV has longitudinally spaced upper, exterior sealing means 50 along its length and longitudinally spaced lower exterior sealing means 52 along its length. The sealing means 50 and 52 are located above and below radial crossover ports 56 in the crossover tool XOV. The sealing means 50 and 52 are adapted to be received in the respective sealing bore 42 of the packer PKR and the bore 44 of the sealing bore sub SBS (see FIG. 2) so that the crossover ports 56 in the crossover tool XOV can communicate with the gravel ports 38 in the gravel valve GRV. Again referring to FIG. 1 , below the lower seal member 52 on the crossover tool XOV is a tubular tail pipe TLP and an indicator collar IND. The indicator collar IND has resilient arm members 58 which are adapted to be compressed radially inward toward the central axis of the indicator collar in response to compression within a restricted or smaller diameter bores 47,44 and 42 located above each of the shoulders Cl , C2 or C3. The arm members 58 are compressed inwardly in response to a pulling or strain force on the tubing string TBS until a predetermined pulling force value is reached which causes the arm members 58 to be compressed in one of the bores 47, 44 or 42 and to slide through such bore. The entry of the arm members 58 into one of the bores 47,44 or 42 provides a quick upward movement or release for the tension in the tubing string TBS. The upward movement is easily observed and indicates to the surface operator that a position

Cl, C2 or C3 was located by the indicator collar. The reverse action occurs when the string of tubing is moved downwardly from the C3 position to the Cl position. Thus, the operator can determine that the tool is functioning properly and can recycle this operation as many times as desired to obtain surface indications of operation and location.

Also indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2 are references to other figures for further details of the particular components and assemblies.

GRAVEL PACKING Referring now to FIGS. 3-6, the schematic drawings are illustrative of the fundamentals of a gravel pack operation utilizing the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3A and 3B, the setting tool SET, the packer PKR and the crossover tool XOV are partially illustrated in an assembly position after insertion through a well pipe WEP in a well bore and after setting of the packer element 32 of the packer PKR. The lower end of the screen assembly 37 is slidably and sealingly received in a conventional sump packer SPKR which has previously been set in the well bore. In the going-in position of the assembly, the tubular sleeve valve member 40 in the screen assembly 37 is located below the gravel ports 38 in the gravel valve while the sealing means 50 engage the seal bore 42 in the packer PKR and sealing means 52 engage the seal bore 44 in the seal bore sub SBS. The indicator collar IND on the crossover tool XOV is located below the shoulder Cl on the flange section 46. The lower end of the tail pipe TLP is sealingly received in the bore 48 of the sealing sub SSS (FIG 3B) and the tail pipe TLP opens to the bore below the sealing sub SSS to the interior of the screen SCR-1. The setting tool SET has left handed threads 60 in releasable threaded engagement with left handed threads in the bore of the packer PKR. Because of the interconnected fingers at 30, right hand rotation will not release the setting tool from the packer.

When the packer PKR is set, as shown in FIG. 3, slip members 61 in the slip means 34 are in engagement with the wall of the well pipe WEP and the elastomer packing element 32 is expanded to close off fluid communication in the annulus 62 located between the well packer PKR and the well pipe WEP below the packing element 32. The packer slip members 61 are set in anchoring engagement by dropping a sealing ball 63 to seat on a tubular valve seat 64 located in the bore of the setting tool SET. The valve seat 64 has ports 65 which permit fluid bypass while the tool is run in the well bore. The sealing ball 63 closes off the ports 65. The valve seat 64 is shear pinned to the crossover tool XOV and, in the position shown, with the sealing ball 63 closes off crossover ports 58 in the cross over tool XOV. Hydraulic fluid pressure in the string of tubing TBS then is used to actuate a hydraulic setting tool to set the slip elements 61 and the packer element 32 and to separate the interconnected lugs at 30 from one another. After the packer element 32 is expanded to a set condition, the left hand threads 60 of the setting tool SET are released from the threaded bore in the packer PKR by applying hydraulic pressure. When the threads 60 are released, an upstrain is taken on the string

of tubing TBS so that the indicator collar IND can successively engage the shoulders Cl, C2 and C3. At each of the engagements with the shoulders Cl, C2, and C3, the rig load indicator (not shown) at the earth's surface will provide an and indication when a predetermined load is obtained by the indicator collar IND engaging a shoulder. The indicator collar IND is designed to collapse or compress when the predetermined load is exceeded so that the indicator collar IND can pass through the smaller bore section located above a shoulder. If the operator observes the rig load indicator responses for each of the interactions of the indicator collar IND with the respective shoulders Cl, C2 and C3, then the operator is assured that the setting tool set is released and is movable between three operating positions, Cl , C2 and C3. This checking can be repeated. When the indicator collar IND engages the sleeve valve member 40 on upward movement, the valve member 40 is moved upwardly to close off the gravel valve ports 38 before the collar IND passes through. On a downward stroke where the collar IND is above the sleeve member 40, the collar IND will move the valve member 40 down and open the ports 38. Thus, the valve ports 38 are selectively opened and closed. Should the hydraulic release fail to operate, the setting tool can be alternatively released by right hand rotation.

In any event, after checking the tool operation, the tubing string TBS is then lowered so the indicator collar IND again opens the gravel valve ports 38 by sliding the valve sleeve 40 downwardly and the indicator collar IND is returned to a position in engagement with the shoulder Cl (See FIG. 4B). In this condition, the tail pipe TLP on the lower end of the crossover tool is in sealing engagement with the bore 48 of the sealing sub SSS and the setting too! set is disengaged from the packer PKR. Referring now to FIG.4 A and 4B for the next sequence of operation, the hydrauli pressure in the tubing string TBS is increased to a second and higher level which i sufficient pressure on the ball 63 to cause a shear pin (not shown) to shear and to permi the valve seat 64 to move downwardly and thereby open the crossover ports 58 in th crossover tool to the interior of the string of tubing. The crossover tool XOV at th location of the radial crossover ports 58 has longitudinally extending bypass passages 6 which are located in circumferential locations about a longitudinal axis and ar circumferentially spaced at locations between the radial crossover ports 58. The bypas passages 66 (shown in dashed line in FIG. 4B) extend upwardly into an annular spac which has exit ports 80 in the setting tool SET which open to the exterior of the bypas tool XOV. In the position of the tool shown, the exit ports 80 communicate with a annulus 73 between the well pipe and the tubing string and which is located above th packing element 32.

As illustrated in FIG. 4B, the earth formations 68 have eroded and formed cavity 69 behind the well pipe WEP.

As shown by the outline arrows 71 in FIGs. 4 A & 4B, a liquid and gravel mixtur or slurry can be pumped down under pressure through the bore of the string of tubin TBS (Arrow 71a) to pass through the crossover ports 58 (Arrow 71b) into an annulus 7 between the crossover tool and the well screen assembly. The mixture then passe through the gravel ports 38 (Arrow 71c) into the annulus 62 between the screen assembl and the well bore. The mixture flows downward to the lower end of the annulus 62. Th bottom end of the screen assembly SCR-1 is typically located just above the bottom o the well bore or above a sump packer SPKR (See FIG. 3B) and just below th perforations. In any event, gravel from the liquid slurry or mixture is transmitted via the perforations into the earth cavity 69 behind the well pipe WEP and is also retained within the annulus 62 while the liquid from the mixture is passed through the porous screens

SCR and SCR-1. Because the tail pipe TLP is sealed in the bore 48 of the seal sub SSS, the fluid return (as shown by the line arrows 7 Id) is through the screen SCR-1 to the central bore of the tail pipe to and through a float valve FLV to the bypass passages 66

(Arrow 71e)to an annulus 78 between the setting tool and cross-over tool to the exit ports

80 which are located above the packer element. The liquid then returns to the earth's surface via the annulus 73 between the tubing string TBS and the well pipe WEP. In this position of the crossover tool, the indicator member IND is in engagement with the shoulder Cl .

After gravel has been packed into the portion of the annulus 62 located below the seal sub SSS, the tubing string TBS is raised to engage the indicator collar IND with the shoulder C2 (See FIG.5B). The operation can detect this location at the earth's surface. In this position, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the open end of the tail pipe TLP is located above the bore 48 of the seal sub SSS so that liquid can be returned through the porus screen SCR which is located along the perforations. At this time the cavity 69 is packed with gravel. The passage of the slurry and return of liquid through the tool is otherwise as explained with respect to FIGS 4A and 4B. This permits packing of gravel in the perforations and the formations adjacent to the screens.

After completing this step of the operations, the tubing string TBS is raised to engage the indicator collar IND with the shoulder C3 as shown in FIG. 6A and 6B. The operator can detect this location at the earth's surface. In this position, both the crossover ports 58 and the gravel ports 38 are located above the packer element 32. Mud or othe control liquid can be pumped down the annulus 73 to reverse the flow of gravel liquid mixture to the ground surface (see Arrows 75) through the tubing string TBS.

During the above operations the various seals and seal bores maintain fluid continuity of the tubing string and the crossover tool with the packer and the grave screens.

PACKER

Referring now to FIG. 7A and 7B (and to FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 for enlarge illustrations) the packer PKR of the present invention has circumferentially arranged slip members 61 in a tubular slip cage 89 where the slip members 61 are radially movable fo gripping engagement with the wall of a pipe for preventing movement in either direction relative to the pipe. The elastomer packing elements 32 are radially expandable from a retracted condition to an extended condition to sealingly engage the wall of the pipe and to effectively block or packoff the annulus between the pipe and the well tool. The slip members 61 and the packing elements 32 are actuatable in response to a longitudina setting motion of an outer tubular member or setting sleeve 92 relative to an inner tubula member or mandrel 100. The relative longitudinal motion first actuates the slip members 61 to move from a retracted position to a wall engaging position and then moves th packing elements 32 from a retracted to an expanded wall engaging condition. The inne mandrel 100 and outer member 92 are locked to one another by a one way ratchet system to maintain the packer in a set position. A release system 95 (See FIG. 10) is selectively actuatable to release the packing elements 32 and the slip members 61 from the set position and enabling the packing elements and the slip members to return to a retracted condition.

The construction of the packer includes the tubular central mandrel 100. The tubular mandrel 100 includes a member of interconnected elements including a top sub

100a, a central mandrel section 100b, and a segment retainer 100c. The upper end of the top sub 100a has a internal left hand thread 102 which is adapted to cooperate with a left hand threaded device 60 on the setting tool. This left handed threaded connection provides a secondary release mechanism to release the setting tool from the central mandrel by right-hand rotation. As will be explained hereafter, the primary release mechanism for the setting tool threads is hydraulically actuated to release the threaded connection.

The packer and anchor assembly which includes the packing means 32 and the anchoring means 34 are disposed on the central mandrel 100. Beginning at the lower end of the packer and anchor assembly (FIG. 7B), a tubular sub element 116 has a threaded end 117 for threaded attachment to the outer gravel screen assembly. The upper end of the sub 116 is connected to a tubular slip connector sleeve 112. The connector sleeve 112 is slidably disposed on the segment retainer 100c and extends upwardly to a connection with a lower slip cone 1 14 (FIG. 7A) located in the slip assembly 34. shown in FIG. 7B, FIGS. 10 and 11 , the segment retainer 100c (see also FIGS. 10 and 11) has an internal annular recess or counterbore 119 which slidably and sealingly receives a tubular release sleeve 118. The release sleeve 118 is releasable coupled to the segment retainer 100c by a shear pin 120. The segment retainer 100c has circumferentially located windows or rectangularly shaped openings 122 (See FIG. 1 and 11) which respectively receive solid arcuately shaped lock segments 124. The loc segments 124 have external screw threaded portions 126 which threadedly engage an internal threaded bore section 128 in the connector sleeve 112. The tubular release sleeve 118 has an internal bore diameter similar to th diameter of the bore 130 of the mandrel section 100b. The lock segments 124 are each provided with an internal, horizontal located, release groove 132 to define a spaced apart upper tab element 132a and lower tab element 132b. In the position of the release sleev 118 illustrated in FIG. 10, there are two annular grooves 118a, 118b in the release sleev 118 which are spaced from one another and which have widths which are sized so tha if the release sleeve 118 is shifted upwardly an appropriate distance, the upper and lowe end tab elements 132a, 132b of the lock segments 132 will be received in the upper and lower annular grooves 118a, 118b and will release the lock segments 132 for movemen inwardly toward the central axis of the tool. When the lock segments 132 mov inwardly, the threaded engagements of the threaded portions 126 with the connecto sleeve thread 128 are released and thus the slip connector 112 is released fro interconnection with the lower segment retainer 100c.

Upper and lower seal means on the release sleeve 118 (FIG. 10)provide for sealin the release sleeve 118 relative to the lower segment retainer 100c. In the lower end o the release sleeve 1 18 is a counterbore 134 which defines a downwardly facing latchin shoulder 135 and latching recess. The latching shoulder 135 is engageable by a releas tool (to be described hereinafter) for shifting the release sleeve 118 upwardly and fo obtaining release of the lock segments 124 to release the connector sleeve 112. When th connector sleeve 112 is released from the lower segment retainer 124, the lower expande cone 114 and the slip connector sleeve 112 (See FIG. 7) are slidable longitudinall relative to the segment retainer 100c. Longitudinal slots 140 in the lower slip connecto

112 and guide pins 142 in the lower segment retainer 100c (FIG. 7B) permit relativ longitudinal movement but otherwise co-rotatively couple the connector sleeve 112 to th segment retainer 100c.

As shown in FIG. 7A, the slip connector 112 is connected to the tubular lowe cone member 114 which has an upwardly facing inclined or frusto-conical expande surface 137 which is engageable with expander surfaces on double inclined slip elements 61. A number of slip elements 61 are circumferentially arranged and located in elongated slots in tubular slip cage 89 which is disposed about the circumference of the tool. The slip members 61 at their lower ends, are located within the slip cage 89 and the cone member 114 has radial pins 141 (FIG. 7A) which are longitudinally slidable in longitudinal slots 141a in the slip cage 89. This permits relative longitudinal movement between the lower cone member 1 14 and the slip elements 61 for moving the slip elements 61 from a retracted position shown to an extended position where the oute serrated edges of the slip elements grip the wall of a pipe.

The upper cone member 144 has a downwardly facing inclined surface which engages each upper internal end of a slip member 61 and similarly the cone member 144 is connected by pins 145 to a longitudinal movement slot 146 in the slip cage 89. The upper cone member 144 has an internal annular clutch recess 148 (see FIG. 9) which contains a one-way clutch or ratchet member 149. The ratchet member 149 has internal serrated teeth which engage a serrated outer surface of the mandrel 100b when the cone member 144 moves downwardly. The ratchet member 149 prevents return movement of the upper cone member 144 relative to the central mandrel 100b and thus holds the slips in a set position by preventing the slip 144 form moving upward relative to the mandrel.

The upper cone member 144 is connected by a tubular extension 150 to a lower gauge ring 150a and to a tubular support sleeve 150b. The support sleeve 150b is slidably mounted on the mandrel 100b. The lower gauge ring 150a forms the bottom support for an end element of an elastomer packing means 32. The packing means 32 is a three piece packer element construction consisting of a lower element, a center

element and an upper element constructed of elastomer material. The tubular element support sleeve 150b supports the inner surface of the elastomer elements and permits the movement of the mandrel relative to the packing elements. Above the upper packer element is an upper gauge ring 156. The upper gauge ring 156 is connected to a lock ring support 157 (see FIG. 8). The lock ring support 157 is connected to the support sleeve 150b and to the tubular external setting sleeve 92 which extends upwardly beyond the end of the central mandrel 100a. The setting sleeve 158 is releasable connected to the mandrel 100a by a shear pin 160.

The lock ring support 157 has an internal annular space 162 with respect to the tubular mandrel 100b, which receives a "C" shaped locking element 164 (See FIG. 8). The locking element 164 has inner and outer interacting serrated teeth arranged with respect to the lock ring support 157 and an inner gripping serration 166 on the mandrel 100b so that when the mandrel 100b and the lock ring support 157 are moved relative to one another, the teeth provide a one way ratchet locking action. The gripping serration 166 on the mandrel 100b extends along the mandrel surface a sufficient distance for one way ratcheting of the locking element 164 when the ring support 157 is moved relative to the central tubular member 100b. It should be appreciated that the pitch on the inner and outer serrated teeth of the locking element 164 are different and such that an upward force on the ring support 157 permits movement upwardly with respect to the mandrel 100b.

The setting tool (which will be explained hereafter) is releasable attached to the central mandrel 100 by the left-hand thread 102 so that a downward force can be applied to the setting sleeve 92 to move the setting sleeve 92 downwardly with respect to the mandrel 100. After shearing the pin 160, downward motion of the setting sleeve 158 drives the upper gauge ring 156 downwardly and the stiffness of the packing elements 32 does not permit their initial expansion so that the downward motion is imparted to the upper cone member 144 and to the slip elements 61 in the slip cage 89. The lower cone element 114 is held fixed relative to the tubular mandrel 100 by the lock segments 124 in the segment retainer 100c (See FIGS. 10, 11). The lower end of the slip elements 61 move up the inclined ramp 137 on the lower expander cone member 114 and extend radially outward until they engage the wall of the well bore whereupon continued force is applied by the upper expander cone member 144 to the upper end of the slip members 61. The ratchet member 149 prevents return movement of the cone member 144 (See FIG. 9). The continued downward force on the setting sleeve 92 then expands the packing elements 32 with the support sleeve 150b sliding relative to the upper cone member 1 14 until the packing elements 32 are in sealing engagement with the wall of the pipe. The sliding motion is permitted by a pin 170 and slot 171 coupling. The ratchet body lock ring 164 retains the ring support 157 in a fixed position with the packing elements 32 expanded and the slip elements 61 expanded into contact with the wall of the well bore.

The packer is released by use of a packer release tool (to be explained hereafter) where the release tool extends through the central mandrel 100 and has a latch mechanism which engages the downwardly facing shoulder 135 in the release sleeve 118 (See FIG.

10). Upward movement of the packer release tool then applies an upward force sufficient to shear the shear pin 120 so that the annular grooves 118a, 118b in the release sleeve

118 are registered with the end tab portions 132a, 132b of the lock segments 132 releasing the connector sleeve 112 and lower cone member 114. When the lower connector sleeve 112 and the cone member 114 are released, the mandrel 100 can be moved upwardly until an upwardly facing shoulder 180 (FIG. 7A) on the mandrel 100b engages a downwardly facing shoulder 181 in the upper ring support 157. This engagement permits the upper ring support 157 to be moved upwardly (by ratcheting of the ring 164) thus releasing the force on the packer element and permitting the expander elements 32 to retract. The expander elements 32 retract until the pin 170 engages the upper end of the slot 171 and pulls the upper cone upwardly. In turn, the upper cone element engages a shoulder in the cage element 143 whereupon the cage 143 is pulled upwardly to release the slip elements and the windows in the slip cage pull the slips up which in turn, pulls the slip elements from the lower cone element 137. The system is then released and can be retrieved from the well bore. PACKER RETRIEVING TOOL

The packer retrieving tool 200, as shown in FIG. 12A and 12B of the drawings, includes a tubular top sub 201 adapted to be coupled to a string of tubing. The top sub

201 is coupled to a tubular upper mandrel 202. The upper mandrel 202 has a section 202a with a non-circular cross section (See

FIG. 13) which is slidably and non-rotatably received in a non circular bore of a tubular latch retainer 204. The latch retainer 204 has a tubular lower extension 205 which supports a latch ring 207 with collet fingers 209. The collet fingers 209 are externally threaded with left-hand threads matching the threads 102 in the packer (See FIG. 7). The collet fingers 209 are keyed by longitudinal key members on the tubular extension 205 so as to co-rotate with rotation of the mandrel 202.

When the tubular extension 205 is inserted in the upper open end of a packer (See FIG. 7A) the collet fingers 209 resiliently move inwardly and a downwardly facing shoulder 210 is brought into engagement with an upwardly facing shoulder 212 in the packer. Thereafter, an upward strain on the tubing string causes an upwardly facing surface 21 1 on the retainer 204 to engage the ends of the collet fingers 209 to move the collet fingers radially outward so as to lock the collet fingers 209 in the threads 102 of the packer mandrel 100.

The mandrel 202 is also connected by a sub 213 (FIG. 12B) to a lower mandrel 214 which carries a latching mechanism for operating the release sleeve 118 (FIG. 10). The packer release prepares the packer for retrieval. The latching mechanism includes a tubular catch sleeve 220 which is biased to a downward position by a spring member 222 disposed between the sub 213 and a ring part 224 on the catch sleeve 220. The catch sleeve 220 has lower collet type fingers 225 with external latch projections 226 for engaging the latching shoulder 135 (FIG. 10) in the release sleeve 118 of the packer. The spring member 222 normally biases the catch sleeve fingers 225 into engagement with a cone surface 228 on a mandrel part 230. In moving downwardly through the bore 130, when the catch sleeve fingers engage the bore 130 of the packer, the catch sleeve fingers 225 and ring 224 are moved upwardly against the force of the spring member 222 to retract the catch sleeve fingers

225 toward a recess 232 on the lower mandrel 214 and enable passage through the bore of the packer. When the catch sleeve fingers reach the latching shoulder 135 in the release sleeve in the packer, the catch sleeve fingers spring outwardly into engagement with the latching shoulder 135 and are held outwardly by engagement with the shoulder 135 by subsequent engagement with the cone surface 228.

When the pulling tool is latched into the packer, a strain can be taken on the tubing string which is applied to the release sleeve 118 to release the packer mandrel 100 from the lower slip connector sleeve 112. When the sleeve 118 engages an internal shoulder 234 in the mandrel 100, the cone surface 211 on the pulling tool has brought the collet fingers 209 into engagement with the threads 102 on the packer mandrel. Furthe upward strain moves the central mandrel 100 of the packer upwardly to release the packer as described above. In the event the packer is stuck, a shear pin release 235, 237 is used to disable the retrieving tool and permit its retrieval. THE SETTING TOOL

The setting tool assembly, as shown in FIG. 14A and 14B, includes a top sub 300 which is connected to a tubular central mandrel 302. The lower end of the central mandrel 302 connects to a setting tool mandrel 304 by a tubular coupling 305. The lower end of the setting tool mandrel 304 is threadedly coupled to a tubular central crossover mandrel 306 (FIG. 14B). In the upper end of the tool (FIG. 14A) are annular hydraulic pressure chambers 308a and 308b which are between the central mandrel 302 and tubular outer housing member 310. The housing member 310 is coaxially connected to the top sub 300 and the first upper hydraulic chamber 308a is defined between the central mandrel 302 and the inner wall of the outer housing member 310. The chamber 308a extends to a lower flange ring 311 on the outer member 310. A piston 313, which includes a piston head and tubular extension, is slidably mounted on the central mandrel

302 where the tubular extension 313a is slidable through the lower flange ring 311. The piston 313 is adapted to be initially positioned in an upper location, as shown in the drawing. In the upper chamber 308a, an access port 315 in the central mandrel 302 accesses hydraulic pressure from the interior of the tubing string to one side of the piston head 313b while the other side of the piston head 313b is accessed by a port 317 in the outer member 310 to the pressure in the annulus located exterior to the outer member

310. The tubular extension 313a has a shoulder 320 located along its length which limits the downward travel of the extension 313a relative to the lower flange ring 311.

Below the upper chamber 308a is another chamber 308b which similarly has a piston 322 with a tubular extension 322a. Hydraulic pressure of liquid is accessed from the interior of the central mandrel 302 through an access port 326 and the chamber 308b has a port 328 at its lower end to the exterior of the outer member 310.

A flange ring 329 in the outer member 310 slidably receives the tubular extension

322a. Below the flange ring 329 is another chamber 330. The lower chamber 330 is formed between the walls of the central mandrel 302 and the outer member 310 and contains a piston member 332. One side of the piston 332 is accessed to hydraulic pressure by a port 333 in the central mandrel 302. The other side of the piston 332 is accessed to the exterior of the tool by an access port 335. (FIG. 14B). The piston member 332 is threadedly attached to a tubular actuating sleeve 334 (FIG. 14B) which slidably extends over the tubular coupling 305. The tubular actuating sleeve 334 is also slidably received within the bore 336 of a tubular clutch sleeve 338. The clutch sleeve 338 is attached to the outer member 310.

The actuating sleeve 334 is provided with circumferentially spaced lug members 345 (lug connection 30 of FIG. 1) at its lower end which are adapted to co-rotatively engage with lug slots 342 in the upper end of the packer actuating sleeve 334 (See FIG. 7A). The clutch sleeve 338 has guide pins 340 which are located in longitudinal slots 347 in the actuating sleeve 334 to permit sliding but non-rotative relationship between the clutch sleeve 338 and the actuating sleeve 334.

The setting tool mandrel 304 which is attached by a coupling 305 to the lower end of the central mandrel 302has an upper reduced diameter section 344 (See FIG. 15) forming an upwardly facing shoulder 346. A counterbored tubular release sleeve 348 is slidably and sealably received on the setting tool mandrel 304. An access port 350 in the setting tool mandrel 304 opens to a location between seals on the different diametered wall surfaces 344 and 352 on the mandrel 304. The differential pressure area permits pressure in the interior of the setting tool mandrel 304 to act through the port 350 to move the release sleeve 348 upwardly. The release sleeve 348 is releasable held in its initial condition by a shear pin 354. The release sleeve 348 also has a one-way ratchet mechanism 356 disposed in a recess for preventing return travel once the release sleeve

348 is moved upwardly. (See FIG. 15).

At the lower end of the release sleeve 348 (See FIG. 16) is a counterbore 358 and an intermediate recess 360 which form an upwardly facing internal shoulder 362. A collet finger support sleeve 364 has an upwardly extending tubular extension with a outwardly extending flange 366 where the flange 366 is disposed in the intermediate recess 360 so as to provide a spacing or lost motion interconnection of the collet finger support sleeve 364 relative to the release sleeve 348. The collet finger support sleeve 364 has longitudinal slots 367 circumferentially arranged to receive longitudinal guide lugs 368 on the central mandrel 304. The outer surface of the lower end of the collet finger support sleeve 364 has a stepped diameter portion forming an upper support surface 376a and a linear support surface 378a.

A collet finger connector 370 includes a ring section and depending collet fingers 372 which are disposed on the support sleeve 364 where the collet fingers 372 have external left handed threads 374 for engagement with the left handed threaded bore 102 of the packer. The collet fingers 372 have offset inner surfaces 376, 378 to respectively engage the surfaces 376a, 378a on the finger support sleeve 364.

In operation, internal hydraulic pressure in the tubing string acts through the access bore 350 (See FIG. 16) and moves the release sleeve 348 upwardly breaking the shear pin 354 (See FIG. 15). The lost motion is taken up with respect to the collet finger support sleeve 364 whereupon the collet finger support sleeve 364 is moved upwardly and moves the underlying support surfaces 376a, 378a from supporting engagement with the undersurfaces 376, 378 of the collet fingers 372. In operation of the setting tool, hydraulic pressure is developed to a first predetermined value in the string of tubing and acts through the access ports 315, 326,

333 on the pistons 313, 322, 332 (See FIG. 14) in the setting tool to move the setting sleeve 334 downwardly while the collet fingers 274 in the threaded bore 102 retain the packer fixed relative to the setting tool mandrel. The relative movement produces a downward motion of the setting tool actuating setting sleeve 334 on the packer and the packer is set and locked in position as described hereabove. At the same time the lugs 345 are disengaged from the packer.

To release the setting tool after the packer is set, hydraulic pressure at a higher pressure value than the hydraulic pressure required to set the packer acts through the access bores 350 (See FIG. 15, 16) to shear the pin 354 and actuate the release mechanism for the threaded collet members 374 to release from the packer bore 102. Thus, the threaded collet members 274 are hydraulically released from engagement with the packer.

CROSSOVER TOOL The crossover assembly, as shown in FIG. 18 of the drawings includes an upper seal sub 400 which is coupled to the setting tool mandrel 306. The lower end of the seal sub 400 connects to concentrically arranged tubular inner member 401 and tubular outer member 402. The inner member 401 has a central bore 404 smaller than the bore 405 of the seal sub 400 to define an upper ball seat 406. The seal sub 400 has external seal means 407 (Seal 40,42 in FIG. 1) disposed along its length at various location for sealing in the bore of the screen assembly. At the upper end of the outer member 402 is a bypass exit port 408 (port 80 in FIG. 4A) which is in fluid communication with an annular bypass passage 409 (annulus 78 in FIG. 5 A) located between the inner member 401 and the outer member 402. The number of seal means 407 spaced longitudinally along the outer member 402 are as necessary to maintain a sealing continuity of the outer member 402 with respect to the seal bores in the screen assembly.

The lower ends of the inner member 401 and outer member 402 are connected to a crossover sub 410. The crossover sub 410 is tubular with a thick wall. Circumferentially spaced axial bypass passages 412 (passages 66 in FIG. 4B) extend through the length of the sub 410 (See FIGS 20-22). Intermediate of the bypass passages 412 are radial gravel ports 414 (ports 58 in FIG >43) which extend from the central bore 415 of the sub 410 to the exterior wall 416 of the sub.

The crossover sub 410 is connected to a tubular lower outer member 421 (FIG. 20). The outer member 421 has seal means 407 disposed along its length which cooperate with the lower seal bore in the screen assembly for maintaining sealing continuity of the tool. An inner tubular member 423 has radial outwardly extended lugs 424 (See FIG. 22) which engage with an annular recess 425 in the outer member 421. An inner annular ring member 426 on the tubular member 423 defines an upwardly facing stop shoulder 427 above a smaller diameter bore 430 of the inner member 423.

The gravel port valve 435 (member 64 in FIG.3A) is slidably received in the bore 430 of the inner member 423 and has flange 442 to limit downward travel to engagement with the stop shoulder 427. The valve 435 has a solid cross section located below an upper tubular section with radial ports 432 (ports 65 in FIG. 3A) where the ports align with the gravel ports 414 (ports 58 in FIG. 3A) in the crossover sub 421. The upper end of the tubular section forms a ball seat 440. A set of shear pins 450 retain the valve 435 in an open position. A ball member 63 is seated on the seat 440 at an appropriate time to permit hydraulic actuation of the packer. Thereafter, a higher pressure can be used to shear the pins 450 and permit downward movement of the plug member 435 relative to the inner member 423 so that the ball is located below the ports 438.

THE INDICATOR

The lower end of the outer member of the crossover tool is coupled to a conventional float valve 500 (See FIG.23). The float valve 500 is conventional in design and includes a spring biased valve member 501 which engages an upwardly facing valve seat 502. The valve has bypass ports 504 and permits fluid flow upwardly but not downwardly.

The float valve 500 is connected to a tubular indicator body 505 which has an upper flange 506 and a lower flange 507 and a central outer recess 508. A tubular collet indicator IND is formed from a tubular member 509 with longitudinally extending slots 510 and centrally located external flanges 512. The flanges 512 are, in effect, centrally located on flexible metal beams where the beams can be resiliently compressed upon entering a smaller bore diameter and resume their original configuration upon entering a larger bore diameter from a smaller bore section. The lower end of the body 505 has a tail pipe sub 512 which couples to a polished tail pipe (not shown in FIG. 23) which is slidably and sealingly receivable in a seal sub. THEGRAVELSCREENVALVE

Referring now to FIG. 19, the gravel valve GRV includes interconnected pipe

sections 600, 601 and 602 in the sub SUB. An internal annular recess 605 is formed between facing stop shoulders 606 and 607. A tubular slide valve member 610 (valve 40 in FIG.2) is slidably mounted in the recess 605 and shown in an open position where the gravel ports 38 communicate the interior bore to the exterior of the tool while the valve member 610 is in a lower position and engages the stop shoulder 607.

The valve member 610 has an upper tubular section 610a with spaced apart seals

61 1 which straddle the ports 38 where the valve member is in an upper position. Below the tubular section 610a is windowed tubular member 610b which has collet type fingers 615 biased resiliently inwardly to define a bore diameter 616 less than the O.D. diameter of the flanges on the indicator IND. The collet fingers 615 are attached to a ring base 617 which has an internal shoulder 618 with a bore diameter less than the O.D. diameter of the flanges on the indicator IND. When the indicator IND is passed downwardly and engages the shoulder 618, the valve member 610 is moved to the position, as shown in the drawing. When the indicator IND is moved upwardly from a location below the valve member 610, it engages the shoulder 618 and moves the valve member 610 upwardly into engagement with the stop shoulder 606. At this time the fingers 615 are disposed adjacent to an annular recess 620 in the pipe section 601 and latch into the recess 620 and enlarge the diameter of the bore for the fingers. Thus, when the indicator IND is moved downwardly it engages the shoulder 618 to move the valve member 610 to an open position. OPERATIONS

As described above, the system includes a hydraulic set packer with tubular gravel screen extensions and a hydraulic setting and crossover tool. It should be appreciated that the packer and screen assembly can be run in and set with a wireline tool with the crossover tool subsequently run in on a string of tubing.

The system as discussed above is designed to perform a gravel pack operation with a single trip of the string of tubing. The position indicator IND makes the system ideal for deep and deviated/horizontal wells in that the operator can determine the setting release and the movement required for the tool operations from surface indications. The tool operations are repeatable (as contrasted to one-shot) so that the operation can be repeatedly confirmed. No rotation is required to operate the tool; all operations are achieved through pressure and vertical movement. Rotation, however, can be safely used during transmission of the tool to the downhole location. The system has a backup for each of the operations of the service tool in the event a primary function should fail. In the operation, the hydraulic set packer PKR and gravel screens SCR are run into the hole with the attached setting tool set and crossover tool XOV to the location depth. The bore of the tool and the gravel packer ports are open to bypass fluid while going in the hole. The sealing ball 63 is dropped when the packer reaches the proper depth and seats on the valve seat 64. The packer and tubing are pressure tested for leaks. The setting tool is then operated by use of a higher second tubing pressure which sets the slips 61 and packer elements 32 and locks them in a set position. A further increase in pressure hydraulic releases the setting tool from the packer (See FIG. 16). Next, the crossover ports are opened with a higher third tubing pressure. The gravel pack slurry is then pumped down the tubing string and crossed over to the screen/casing annulus below the setting tool. The gravel is packed into the annulus and perforated well bore. After completing the gravel pack, the excess gravel is reversed out and the setting tool retrieved leaving the packer in the hole as a retrievable production packer. A convention seal assembly (not shown) is run on a production tubing seals in the packer bore to complete the well.

The packer can be retrieved from the well bore by means of a retrieving tool.

Rotation is available as a backup system release mechanism. The setting tool and crossover tool are not sensitive to low bottom hole pressures and a check valve assembly 500 (FIG.23) is run below the ball seat 440. The setting tool has a dual operated sealing ball valve. The primary system is to shift the sealing ball valve by applying tubing pressure. If this is not possible due to debris or tubing pressure ratings, the seating ball seat can be shifted by applying annulus pressure. This is accomplished by applying annulus pressure which will act upon the ball. The setting tool and crossover tool are positioned by vertical tubing string movements. There are four positions; a squeeze position (FIG. 3A and 3B) where fluid is not returned to the surface, a lower circulation position (FIG.4A and 4B) where fluid is returned through a lower screen only and an upper circulation position (FIG. 5A and 5B) where fluid returns through the main screens, and a reverse circulation position (FIG. 6A and 6B) where fluid flows from the annulus to the tubing string.

The indicator collar IND provides a positive weight indicator position of the crossover tool in the upper, lower and reverse circulating positions. The setting tool is

mechanically interlocked to allow right-hand torque and rotation of the packer while going in the hole. The tool cannot accidentally be backed off of the packer. The mechanical interlock is disengaged after the packer is set.

The assembly is initially set up by installing the setting tool and crossover assembly into the gravel pack packer with the left-hand thread 374 on the setting tool threadedly engaged with the matching thread 102 on the top sub 100a of the packer PKR.

The screens SCR, SCR-1 and blank pipe (FIG. 2) are added to the assembly at the rig site. While running in the hole, fluid in the well bore is bypassed by the tubing string through the ports 38,56.

When the packer is at the selected depth in the well, an appropriate sealing ball 63 is dropped down the tubing and it lands on the ball seat 440 in the crossover valve (FIG. 20) providing a seal when pressure is applied to the string of tubing. As pressure in the tubing string increases relative to pressure in the well bore, the pistons 313, 323, and 332 in the setting tool produce a relative movement between the mandrel 100 of the packer and the actuating sleeve 158. The actuating sleeve 334 of the setting tool moves the actuating sleeve 158 of the packer. The load on the actuating sleeve 158 increases until the shear screws 150 connecting the actuating sleeve 158 and the top sub 100a shear. This action allows the outside tubular assembly of the packer assembly to be shifted relative to the mandrel 100. As the packer assembly moves down, the packer body lock ring 164 begins ratcheting down the mandrel 100b. The body lock ring 161 maintains/captures any downward displacement between the upper portion of the packer exterior and the mandrel. As the packer exterior continues to move down, the tip of the upper slip cone 144 engages the slip elements 61 which are held in a retracted position by slip springs. The steep angle on the nose of the upper slip cone 144 forces all of the slips to become aligned and start moving up the ramp surface 137 of the lower slip cone

114 together. As the slip elements move down onto the lower slip cone 114 they are forced radially outward. The upper cone 144 continues down until the slip element 61 engage the casing. At this point, the load on the actuating sleeve 158 increases forcing the wickers of the slip elements to penetrate the wall of the casing and to apply a compressive load on the rubber elements 32. As the load increases, the length of the rubber elements 32 decreases and their diameter increases. This movement continues until the rubber elements 32 are tightly pressed against the wall of the casing.

To confirm the integrity of the packer setting, tension and compressive loads are applied to the tubing string, pressure is applied to the annulus above the packer to determine that the packer is anchored in the well bore and holds pressure.

If the primary sealing ball 63 leaks and will not hold pressure, a backup system is provided. A second ball (not shown) with a large diameter is dropped down the tubing and comes to rest on the secondary ball seat 406. These parts provide a backup seal for tubing setting pressure for the packer and release of the setting tool. Operation of the packer and the setting tool as described above will remain the same but another trip will then be required to utilize a crossover tool.

After the packer has been set, the setting tool is released from the packer. There are two options to release the setting tool from the packer. The primary method of release is with tubing pressure. The secondary method is to mechanically rotate out of the packer.

The primary release is by applying pressure to the tubing so that the hydraulic release piston 348 (FIG. 15) is energized and loads the shear screws 354. When the tubing pressure reaches a predetermined value the shear screws 354 are sheared and allow the release piston 348 to move upwardly. As the release piston 348 moves upwardly it engages the support sleeve 364. As the release piston 348 continues to move upward it pulls the support sleeve 364 out from under the collet fingers 372 and releases the setting tool from the packer.

The secondary release is to mechanically rotate out o the packer. The tubing string tension is adjusted to a neutral point and right-hand torque is applied to the string of tubing to unscrew the left-hand lead thread which connects the collet fingers 372 packer top sub 100b. Approximately ten turns at the packer are required to release the setting tool from the packer.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made in the invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof and therefore the invention is not limited by that which is disclosed in the drawings and specifications but only as indicated in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for determining the downhole operation of a packer and a connected tubular gravel packing screen tool in a well bore comprising the steps of: running the packer and the gravel packing screen tool into the well bore with a setting tool connected to the gravel packing screen tool where said gravel packing screen tool has upper, intermediate, and lower bore sections forming downwardly facing shoulders for deriving position indications and has an open valve between said upper and intermediate bore sections, an upper screen between said intermediate and lower bore sections and a lower screen below said lower bore section; at a desired location in the well bore, actuating the setting tool to set the packer in the well bore for anchoring said packer and said gravel screen tool in said well bore with the gravel screen tool and well bore defining a lower well annulus; disposing a crossover tool on a string of tubing within the gravel screen tool for operating with said screen tool to selectively provide liquid flow paths between the string of tubing and the crossover tool to the lower well annulus between the screen tool and the well bore below the packer and to an upper well annulus between the string of tubing and the well bore above the packer; said crossover tool having an elongated bore section which is closed off at an intermediate first location which is disposed below an axial gravel port and having a second longitudinal flow passage extending from a second location below said first location to an exit port at a third location positioned above said first location and further having a resilient indicator means along its length sized relative to said upper, intermediate, and lower bore sections in said gravel screen tool so that such indicator means provides a surface indication at a predetermined force required to pass said indicator means through a bore section; positioning said indicator means in a first position where said axial gravel port can be in fluid communication from the string of tubing to said valve and said lower well annulus and said lower screen is in fluid communication with said longitudinal flow passage and fluid can exit at the third location above said packer to the upper well annulus between the string of tubing and the well bore; applying a pulling force to the string of tubing in excess of the predetermined force to move said indicator means from said first position to a second position and obtaining a surface indication that the crossover tool is positioned where said axial port can be in fluid communication with said valve and said upper screen can be in fluid communication with said longitudinal passage and fluid can exit at said third location above said packer to the upper well annulus between the string of tubing and the well bore; applying a pulling force to the string of tubing in excess of the predetermined force to close the valve and to move said indicator means from said second position to a third position and obtaining a surface indication that the crossover tool is positioned where the axial port can be in fluid communication with the said longitudinal passage.

2. The method as set forth in Claim 1 and further including a shoulder in a bore portion of the valve which is responsive to a pulling force exceeding said predetermined force when said valve is closed and the step of applying the pulling force to the string of tubing in excess of the predetermined force when closing the valve and obtaining a surface indication that the valve is closed.

3. The method as set forth in Claim 1 and further including the steps of slacking off on the string of tubing to apply a force in excess of said predetermined force to move said indicator means through said bore sections and obtaining a surface indication of passage of said indicator means through said bore sections and to return said indicator means to said first position.

4. The method as set forth in Claim 2 and further including the steps of slacking off on the string of tubing to apply a force in excess of said predetermined force to move said indicator means through said bore sections and obtaining a surface indication of passage of said indicator means through said bore sections and obtaining an indication that the valve is open and to return said indicator means to said first position.

5. The method as set forth in Claim 3 and further including the steps of supplying a liquid mixture of gravel and liquid through said string of tubing while said indicator means is in said first position and depositing gravel in said lower well annulus while returning liquid to the earth's surface via the upper well annulus, supplying a liquid mixture of gravel and liquid through said string of tubing while said indicator means is in said second position and depositing gravel in said lower well annulus between said lower and intermediate bore sections while returning liquid to the earth's surface via the upper well annulus, supplying a control liquid through said upper well annulus while said indicator means is in said third position for reverse circulating of said mixture of gravel and liquid to the earth's surface via the string of tubing.

6. The method as set forth in Claim 4 and further including the steps of supplying a liquid mixture of gravel and liquid through said string of tubing while said indicator means is in said first position and depositing gravel in said lower well annulus while returning liquid to the earth's surface via the upper well annulus, supplying a liquid mixture of gravel and liquid through said string of tubing while said indicator means is in said second position and depositing gravel in said lower well annulus between said lower and intermediate bore sections while returning liquid to the earth's surface via the upper well annulus, supplying a control liquid through said upper well annulus while said indicator means is in said third position for reverse circulating of said mixture of gravel and liquid to the earth's surface via the string of tubing.

7. An apparatus for determining the downhole operation of a packer and a connected tubular gravel packing screen tool in a well bore and including: a packer and the gravel packing screen tool sized for reception in a well bore with the setting tool connected to the gravel packing screen tool, said gravel packing screen tool having upper, intermediate, and lower bore sections forming downwardly facing shoulders for deriving position indications and having an open valve between said upper and intermediate bore sections, an upper screen between said intermediate and lower bore sections and a lower screen below said lower bore section; said packer having anchoring means and sealing means for location in a well bore with the gravel screen tool and well bore defining a lower well annulus below the packing means; a crossover tool for use with a string of tubing and receivable within the gravel screen tool for operating with said gravel screen tool to selectively provide liquid flow paths between the string of tubing and the crossover tool to the lower well annulus between the screen tool and the well bore below the packer and to an upper well annulus between the string of tubing and the well bore above the packer; said crossover tool having an elongated bore section which is closed off at an intermediate first location which is disposed below an axial gravel port and having a second longitudinal flow passage extending from a second location below said first location to an exit port at a third location positioned above said first location and further having a resilient indicator means along its length sized relative to said upper, intermediate, and lower bore sections in said gravel screen tool so that such indicator means provides a surface indication at a predetermined force required to pass said indicator means through a bore section; said indicator means in a first position locating said axial gravel port in fluid communication with the string of tubing and said valve and said lower well annulus and placing said lower screen in fluid communication with said longitudinal flow passage so that fluid can exit at the third location above said packer element to the upper well annulus between the string of tubing and the well bore; said indicator means requiring a pulling force the string of tubing in excess of the predetermined force to move said indicator means from said first position to a second position and to obtain a surface indication that the crossover tool is positioned where said axial port is in fluid communication with said valve and said upper screen is in fluid communication with said longitudinal passage and fluid can exit at said third location above said packer to the upper well annulus between the string of tubing and the well bore and to close the valve and to move said indicator means from said second position to a third position and to obtain a surface indication that the crossover tool is positioned where the axial port can be in fluid communication with the said longitudinal passage.

8. The apparatus as set forth in Claim 7 wherein said valve has a shoulder and a bore portion which is responsive to force exceeding the predetermined force for providing a surface indication of the operation of the valve.

9. The apparatus as set forth in Claim 8 wherein said valve further has resilient collet members biased inwardly and moveable outwardly to cooperate with a locking recess in said valve means in a closed position of said valve to retain the valve in a closed condition until said predetermined force is exceeded.

10. Apparatus for setting a packer and a connected tubular gravel packing screen tool in a well bore and including: a packer and the gravel packing screen tool sized for reception in a well bore a setting tool connected to a string of tubing and releasably connected to the packer and the gravel packing screen tool, said gravel packing screen tool having upper, intermediate, and lower bore sections and having normally open valve means between said upper and intermediate bore sections, an upper screen between said intermediate and lower bore sections and a lower screen below said lower bore section; said packer having anchoring means and packer elements for location in a well bore with the gravel screen tool and well bore defining a lower well annulus below the packing means; a crossover tool for use with a string of tubing and receivable within the gravel screen tool for operating with said gravel screen tool to selectively provide liquid flow paths between the string of tubing and the crossover tool to the lower well annulus between the screen tool and the well bore below the packer and to an upper well annulus between the string of tubing and the well bore above the packer; said crossover tool having an elongated bore section which can be closed off at an intermediate first location which is disposed below an axial gravel port and having a second longitudinal flow passage extending from a second location below said first location to an exit port at a third location positioned above said first location; said setting tool and said packer having releasable threaded interconnecting means where the threaded means on said setting tool include external threaded collet fingers overlaid on a release sleeve means and where the sleeve means is slidable on a central mandrel, said sleeve means being hydraulically actuatable for displacement from a supporting relationship to said collet fingers and providing a recess area to allow disengagement of said collet fingers from said packer; lug interlock means releasable interconnecting said setting tool and said packer for co-rotation while said setting tool is releasably connected to said packer and releasable upon release of said release sleeve means for permitting relative rotation after the release sleeve means are operated.

11. The apparatus as set forth in Claim 10 wherein said release sleeve means has a lost motion connection.

12. The apparatus as set forth in Claim 11 wherein one way lock means are disposed between said sleeve means and said central mandrel for preventing reactuation of said collet fingers after release.

13. The apparatus as set forth in Claim 12 wherein spring means are disposed between said collet fingers and said central mandrel for resiliently urging said collet fingers longitudinally of said central mandrel.

14. A setting tool apparatus for setting a packer in a well bore and including: a packer sized for reception in a well bore and having a central mandrel with an internal latching threaded portion and an outer tubular assembly releasably connected to said central mandrel; said packer having anchoring means and packer elements in said outer tubular assembly said setting tool having releasable threaded interconnecting means for threaded interconnection with said central mandrel where the threaded means on said setting tool include external threaded collet fingers overlaid on a release sleeve means and where the sleeve means is slidable on a central mandrel, said sleeve means being hydraulically actuatable for displacement from a supporting relationship to said collet fingers and providing a recess area to allow disengagement of said collet fingers from said packer; lug interlock means releasable interconnecting said setting tool and said packer for co-rotation while said setting tool is releasably connected to said packer and releasable upon release of said release sleeve means for permitting relative rotation after the release sleeve means are operated.

15. The apparatus as set forth in Claim 14 wherein said release sleeve means has a lost motion connection.

16. The apparatus as set forth in Claim 15 wherein one way lock means are disposed between said sleeve means and said central mandrel for preventing reactuation of said collet fingers after release.

17. The apparatus as set forth in Claim 16 wherein spring means are disposed between said collet fingers and said central mandrel for resiliently urging said collet fingers longitudinally of said central mandrel.

18. A packer system for use in a well bore comprising an elongated tubular supporting mandrel having an internal thread for coupling to a setting tool; tubular actuating means slidably disposed on said supporting mandrel, said actuating means having a depending tubular support sleeve; elastomer packing means disposed on said tubular support sleeve for movement between a retracted position and an radially extended in sealing engagement with a well bore; anchoring means disposed on said supporting mandrel for movement between a retracted position on an extended position in gripping engagement with a well bore; releasable collar means releasably connected to said supporting mandrel below said anchoring means; first means for releasably coupling said upper tubular actuating means to said supporting mandrel in a first position where said packing means and anchoring means are in retracted conditions and releasable to permit said anchoring means to move to extended positions and to permit said packing means to move to its expanded position. second means for releasably coupling said tubular actuating means to said supporting mandrel in a second position where said packing means and anchoring means

are in extended positions; releasable connecting means for interconnecting aid releasable collar means to said supporting mandrel, said releasable connecting means including rigid locking members disposed in openings in said supporting mandrel where said locking members having external locking surfaces in engagement with said releasable collar means and including a tubular retainer sleeve in the bore of said supporting mandrel for retaining said lock members in engagement with said releasable collar means; said retainer sleeve being longitudinally movable to release said locking members from said releasable collar means to permit movement of said lower releasable collar means relative to said supporting mandrel for moving said anchor means to a retracted position and said packing means from an extended position to a retracted position.

19. The apparatus as set forth in Claim 18 wherein said external locking surfaces are threads and said locking members have spaced part inner support elements separated by a groove, said retainer sleeve having spaced apart recesses for receiving said support elements upon longitudinal movement of said retainer sleeve.

20. The apparatus as set forth in Claim 19 and further including release pin means releasably interconnecting said retainer sleeve to said supporting mandrel.

21. The apparatus as set forth in Claim 18 including means for co-rotatively coupling said tubular actuating means and said anchoring means to said supporting mandrel.

22. The apparatus as set forth in Claim 18 wherein said second means includes a resilient ratchet member disposed between a first threaded engagement with the supporting mandrel and a second threaded engagement with the tubular support sleeve, said supporting mandrel having an upwardly facing shoulder arranged to engage said support sleeve for release of said second means upon retrieval of the packer.

23. The apparatus as set forth in Claim 7 and further including a setting tool releasably connected to said packer, said setting tool and said packer having releasable threaded interconnecting means where the threaded means on said setting tool include external threaded collet fingers overlaid on a release sleeve means and where the sleeve means is slidable on a central mandrel, said sleeve means being hydraulically actuatable for displacement from a supporting relationship to said collet fingers and providing a recess area to allow disengagement of said collet fingers from said packer and where lug interlock means releasable interconnecting said setting tool and said packer for co-rotation while said setting tool is releasably connected to said packer and releasable upon release of said release sleeve means for permitting relative rotation after the release sleeve means are operated.

24. The apparatus as set forth in Claim 23 wherein said packer includes an elongated tubular supporting mandrel having an internal thread for

coupling to a setting tool; tubular actuating means slidably disposed on said supporting mandrel, said actuating means having a depending tubular support sleeve; elastomer packing means disposed on said tubular support sleeve for movement between a retracted position and an radially extended in sealing engagement with a well bore; anchoring means disposed on said supporting mandrel for movement between a retracted position on an extended position in gripping engagement with a well bore; releasable collar means releasably connected to said supporting mandrel below said anchoring means; first means for releasably coupling said upper tubular actuating means to said supporting mandrel in a first position where said packing means and anchoring means are in retracted conditions and releasable to permit said anchoring means to move to extended positions and to permit said packing means to move to its expanded position. second means for releasably coupling said tubular actuating means to said supporting mandrel in a second position where said packing means and anchoring means are in extended positions; releasable connecting means for interconnecting aid releasable collar means to said supporting mandrel, said releasable connecting means including rigid locking members disposed in openings in said supporting mandrel where said locking members having external locking surfaces in engagement with said releasable collar means and including a tubular retainer sleeve in the bore of said supporting mandrel for retaining said lock members in engagement with said releasable collar means; said retainer sleeve being longitudinally movable to release said locking members from said releasable collar means to permit movement of said lower releasable collar means relative to said supporting mandrel for moving said anchor means to a retracted position and said packing means from an extended position to a retracted position.

25. The method as set forth in Claim 5 wherein the cross-over tool has a float valve located below the axial port for preventing hydraulic pressure from being applied to the earth formations.

26. The apparatus as set forth in Claim 7 and further including float valve means in said cross-over tool at a location below said axial port for limiting flow in one direction in said cross-over tool below said axial port.