WO1994004213A1 - Electronically monitored angioplasty system - Google Patents
Electronically monitored angioplasty system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994004213A1 WO1994004213A1 PCT/US1993/006015 US9306015W WO9404213A1 WO 1994004213 A1 WO1994004213 A1 WO 1994004213A1 US 9306015 W US9306015 W US 9306015W WO 9404213 A1 WO9404213 A1 WO 9404213A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- signal
- differential
- balloon
- predetermined amount
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
- A61M25/1018—Balloon inflating or inflation-control devices
- A61M25/10184—Means for controlling or monitoring inflation or deflation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
- A61M25/1018—Balloon inflating or inflation-control devices
- A61M25/10184—Means for controlling or monitoring inflation or deflation
- A61M25/10187—Indicators for the level of inflation or deflation
- A61M25/10188—Inflation or deflation data displays
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
- A61M25/104—Balloon catheters used for angioplasty
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/50—General characteristics of the apparatus with microprocessors or computers
Definitions
- This invention relates to angioplasty systems and more particularly, to electronically monitored angioplasty systems.
- a typical system includes a syringe coupled to a balloon catheter to be placed in a patient's blocked artery or the like.
- the balloon is inserted into an artery or vein and manipulated by a physician through the vascular system until the balloon is in the vicinity of the blockage. Fluid is then forced from the syringe into the balloon to inflate the balloon and compress the material blocking the artery against the walls of the artery to unblock the blood vessel.
- the balloon is then deflated and removed from the patient.
- angioplasty balloon should not be inflated for too long a period of time or to too great a pressure.
- electronic monitors have been used with angioplasty systems that digitally display the pressure, typically in atmospheres, within the balloon as sensed by an electronic pressure transducer placed in fluid communication with the balloon.
- the electronic pressure transducer generates an electrical pressure signal corresponding to the pressure in the balloon.
- the electrical pressure signal is coupled over wires to conversion circuitry in the electronic monitor which typically compares the electric pressure signal to a reference value with the difference therebetween being representative of the actual pressure in the balloon.
- the conversion circuitry converts that difference into a numerical value for display on the digital numerical read-out.
- the present invention provides an electronically monitored angioplasty system which overcomes the above- mentioned drawbacks.
- a verifier circuit is provided which allows for testing of the conversion circuitry even while the angioplasty system is in use.
- actuation of the verifier circuit induces a predetermined offset in the difference between the electrical pressure signal from the transducer and the reference signal used to determine the actual pressure in the balloon. This offset may be brought about by switching between two selected reference values depending upon whether the verifier circuit is actuated. Because the amount of offset is thus known, actuation of the verifier circuit should cause the displayed pressure value to change by a known amount, such as ten atmospheres.
- a pleasant audible indicator such as a series of short duration beeps when the balloon has been deflated so that it becomes unnecessary for the doctor to divert attention from the patient to learn that the pressure in the balloon has gone to zero and has thus fully deflated.
- the pleasant audible indicator is activated when the electrical pressure signal rises above and then falls below a threshold pressure signal.
- the threshold pressure sign may be the sum of a signal corresponding to the ambient pressure in the room and a predetermined pressure such as approximately .5 to 1 atmosphere.
- Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of an electronically monitored angioplasty system in accordance with the principles of the present invention
- Fig. 2 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a pressure conversion circuit for the electronic monitor of the system of Fig. 1
- Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of a pressure conversion circuit for the electronic monitor of the system of Fig. 1
- Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of a pressure conversion circuit embodying the principles of the present invention
- Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the compensation circuit shown in Fig. 4;
- Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an autozero circuit used to establish the reference signal for the conversion circuit shown in Fig. 4;
- Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the display circuitry for the electronic monitor of the system in Fig. 1;
- Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the audible balloon deflated indicator circuit of the system of Fig. 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
- System 10 includes an angioplasty syringe 12 in a housing 14 for inflating and deflating a balloon 16 at the distal end of a balloon catheter 18 coupled to outlet 20 of the syringe 12.
- an electronic pressure transducer 22 mounted within the housing 14 to be in fluid communication with the syringe 12 and the catheter 18 is an electronic pressure transducer 22 for providing an electronic pressure signal 24 (see, e.g., Fig. 2) corresponding to the pressure in the catheter 18 and hence the balloon 16.
- the electronic pressure signal 24 is coupled by cable 26 to conversion circuitry 28, 28' and 28" (see Figs. 2, 3 and 4, respectively) within electronic monitor module 30 that converts the electrical pressure signal 24 to numerical values for display on digital read-out 32 of module 30.
- the numerical values displayed on the read-out 32 are in units of atmospheres.
- Module 30 includes a second digital readout display 40 to display the elapsed time for each angioplasty procedure, a plurality of switches (power on/off switch 42, auto zero switch 44, timer reset switch 46, and pressure test switch 48), and a pair of indicator LEDs (balloon deflated LED 50 and low battery LED 52) , all for purposes to be described.
- switches power on/off switch 42, auto zero switch 44, timer reset switch 46, and pressure test switch 48
- a pair of indicator LEDs balloon deflated LED 50 and low battery LED 52
- the pressure signal 24 from the pressure transducer 22 is coupled to the positive input 54 of an analog-to- digital (A/D) converter 56.
- the reference input 58 of the A/D converter 56 is coupled to a verifier circuit 60 that supplies one of two reference signals through the pressure test switch 48.
- the digital value output by the converter 56 is coupled to a display circuit 62 that drives the digital read-out 32 to display the numerical value corresponding to the digital value from the converter 56.
- the pressure test switch 48 normally couples an electrical ground to the reference input 58 of the converter 56 so the digital value corresponds to the difference between the electrical pressure signal 24 and electrical ground.
- the displayed numerical value corresponding to this digital value also corresponds to the pressure sensed in the balloon.
- the pressure test switch 48 is moved to the second position which couples the reference input 58 of the A/D converter 56 to a second reference signal +V from verifier circuit 60.
- the A/D converter 56 produces a digital value that corresponds to the electrical pressure signal 24 offset by the level of the second reference signal +V.
- Display circuit 62 uses the offset digital value from the converter 56 to display a numerical pressure value offset by a predetermined amount that corresponds to the difference between the second reference signal +V and electrical ground.
- the reference signal +V source has a voltage magnitude relative ground such that the predetermined amount corresponds to a displayed ' numerical value of 10 plus or minus .5 atmospheres.
- Conversion circuit 28' is similar to conversion circuit 28 but further includes a differential amplifier 64 that couples the verifier circuit 60 to the electrical pressure signal 24.
- the output of the differential amplifier 64 is coupled to the positive input 54 of the A/D converter 56 for conversion to a digital value that is used by the display circuit 62 to generate the numerical value displayed on the digital read-out 32.
- the reference input 58 of the converter 56 remains coupled to electrical ground in the conversion circuit 28'.
- the verifier circuit 60 is as described previously.
- the pressure test switch 48 is normally in the position shown in Fig. 3 to connect electrical ground to one input of the differential amplifier 64. In this position, the differential amplifier 64 passes the electrical pressure signal 24 to the A/D converter 56 without change so the converter 56 produces a digital value that corresponds to the pressure in the balloon 14.
- the pressure test switch 48 is moved so the second reference signal is coupled to the differential amplifier 64.
- the differential amplifier 64 shifts the electrical pressure signal by the difference between electrical ground and the second reference signal.
- the shifted electrical pressure signal is coupled to the A/D converter 56 which produces a digital value that is used by the display circuit 62 to display a numerical value that corresponds to the pressure in the balloon offset by the predetermined amount.
- the second reference signal +V has a voltage magnitude relative to ground so that the predetermined amount corresponds to a displayed numerical value of 10 plus or minus .5 atmospheres.
- a still further embodiment of a pressure conversion circuit 28" is shown in Fig. 4 and includes a verifier circuit 72, differential amplifiers 74, 76, the A/D converter 56, the display circuit 62 and the digital read-out 32.
- This embodiment also includes a transducer driver circuit 78 for electrically activating a resistor bridge transducer 80 which is preferably manufactured by Sensyn, Inc. of Sunnyvale, CA and is designated Part No. SCC500AH.
- the electrical pressure signal from the transducer 80 has two components 82, 84 of which electrical pressure signal component 82 is coupled to one input of the differential amplifier 74 and the other electrical pressure signal component 84 is coupled to one input of the differential amplifier 76.
- Verifier circuit 72 is coupled to the other input of the differential amplifier 74 and the output of amplifier 74 is coupled to the remaining input of the amplifier 76.
- the second reference signal of the verifier 72 is preferably produced by dropping the return current from the transducer 80 across a resistor 88.
- the resistor 88 is preferably sized to produce a reference signal at its high potential end that corresponds to a pressure of 10 atmospheres.
- the output of the differential amplifier 74 becomes the electrical pressure signal component 82 offset by the second reference signal.
- the electrical pressure signal component 82 offset by the second reference signal causes the differential amplifier 76 to also change by an amount corresponding to the second reference signal.
- the digital value converted from the offset electrical pressure signal output from the differential amplifier 76 produces an offset in the displayed numerical value on read-out 32 that corresponds to the second reference signal when the conversion circuit 28" is working properly.
- a change of 10 ⁇ .5 atmospheres in the displayed value on the read-out 32 verifies that the conversion circuit 28" is properly working.
- switch 48' is permitted to return to its normally open position which re-couples electrical ground to the input of the differential amplifier 74.
- the output of the differential amplifier 76 is compensated by a compensation circuit 90 that ensures the electrical pressure signal converted by the A/D converter 56 remains positive over the operational range of pressures sensed by the pressure transducer 80.
- a compensation circuit used to practice the invention with the preferred pressure transducer 80 is shown in Fig. 5. Such circuits are well known in the art.
- the potentiometers 92,94 in the compensation circuit 90 are adjusted in the electronics module 30 at the point of assembly for the particular pressure transducer 80 installed in the housing 14.
- the reference input 58 of the A/D converter 56 is coupled to an autozero circuit 96 such as the one shown in Fig. 6.
- the auto ⁇ zero switch 44 selectively couples electrical ground to the set input of a R-S flip-flop 100.
- the Q output of the flip-flop 100 is coupled to the input of a D flip- flop 102 and to an enable input of a binary counter 104.
- the Q output of the D flip flop 102 is coupled to one input of a dual input AND gate 106 that has its other input tied to a clock signal, which is preferably 2048 Hz.
- Outputs Q0-Q9 are tied to a common point 108 through resistors tied to these outputs.
- the common point 108 supplies a voltage to a voltage divider 110 having its output coupled to the non-inverting input of an operational amplifier 112.
- the output of the operational amplifier 112 is coupled to the reference input 58 of the A/D converter 56 and back to the inverting input of the operational amplifier 112.
- the output of the operational amplifier 112 is also coupled to an input of a comparator 114 having its other input coupled to the electrical pressure signal from amplifier 76 to be converted by the A/D converter 56.
- the output of the comparator 114 is tied to the reset input of the D flipflop 102.
- the Q output of the R-S flip ⁇ flop goes to a logic high state which enables the binary counter 104 to count pulses and also transitions the input of the D flip-flop 102 to set the Q output of the D flip-flop 102 to a logic high.
- the logic high on the Q output of the D flip-flop 102 enables the AND gate 106 to couple the clock pulses on its other input to the binary counter 104.
- the counter 104 provides a sequential binary count on its outputs Q0-Q9 in response to the input of the clock signal from AND gate 106.
- the binary count on Q0-Q9 selectively varies the resistive load and corresponding signal level at the common point 108.
- the output of the voltage divider 110 that is coupled through the operational amplifier 112 to the reference input 58 of the A/D converter 56.
- the output of the operational amplifier 112 is also coupled to one of the inputs of the comparator 114 along with the electrical pressure signal to be converted on the other input of the comparator 114.
- the output of the comparator 114 remains a logic low.
- the output of the comparator goes to a logic high to reset the D flip-flop 102. Resetting the D flip-flop 102 causes its Q output to go low which disables the AND gate 106 from passing the clock pulses through to the counter 104.
- outputs Q0-Q9 of the counter 104 remain at the state corresponding to the last counted pulse and the signal at the common point 108 and the voltage divider 110 remains unchanged.
- the output of the operational amplifier 112 remains unchanged so the reference signal to the reference input 58 of the A/D converter 56 remains the same.
- auto-zero circuit 96 causes the signal at the reference input 58 to reach a value where it equals the pressure signal to be converted. Because the difference between the reference input 58 and the pressure signal at 54 is zero, the digital value from the A/D converter 56 is displayed as a numerical pressure value of zero on the digital read-out 32.
- the reference signal from the autozero circuit 96 to the reference input 58 is set to a value corresponding to the ambient pressure in the room.
- the balloon pressure is measured with reference to the ambient pressure in the room which corresponds to a numerical read-out of zero atmospheres.
- the display circuitry 62 is shown in Fig. 7 and includes a programmable read-only memory (PROM) 116, a segment display driver 118, and the digital read-out 32.
- PROM programmable read-only memory
- segment display driver 118 the digital read-out 32.
- digital read-out 32 has three segmented digits and a sign segment.
- Address lines A--A,, of the PROM 116 are coupled to the digital output of the A/D converter 56 and the two least significant address bits A o , A, are coupled to clock signals CLK1, CLK2.
- Four of the data outputs, D 3 -D 6 , of the PROM 116 are coupled to segment display driver 118.
- the data from PROM 116 on these four outputs correspond to the binary-coded decimal (BCD) digits to be displayed on the read-out 32.
- Data outputs D 0 , D,, D 2 are coupled to the base of three bipolar transistors 120, 122, 124, respectively.
- the transistors 120, 122, and 124 are used to select the digit in the digital read-out 32 to be illuminated.
- the polarity output 126 of the A/D converter 56 is coupled to a fourth bipolar transistor 128 through a triple input AND gate 130 to control the sign segment of the read-out 32. All of the collectors of the transistor 120, 122, 124, 126 are coupled to the digital read-out 32 and the emitters of the transistors are coupled to electrical ground. To display pressure data, the digital output of the A/D converter 56 and the two clock signals coupled to the least significant address bits define an address and the data stored at the address is output to the display driver 118 and the transistors 120, 122, and 124.
- the two least significant bits of the address lines An, A, of the PROM 116 change in accordance with the clock signals CK1, CLK2 the selected memory locations corresponding to the data on address lines A o -A,, provide BCD data on D 3 -D 6 for each of the digits and the proper control bits on D 0 -D 2 to select the corresponding digit for the pressure sensed in the balloon for illumination in the read-out 32.
- the sign segment of the read-out 32 is driven by the polarity bit 126 from the A/D converter 56 which is either a blank or minus sign.
- the clock signals coupled to the other two inputs of the AND gate 130 are used to "blink" the minus sign when it is activated.
- the most significant bit D 7 of the data stored within the PROM is a logic low for pressure values within the operational range of the system 10 which is preferably -1 atmosphere to +30 atmospheres.
- data stored in the PROM 116 corresponding to these higher pressures drives the most significant data bit D 7 output by the PROM 116 to a logic high.
- This bit is coupled to a dual input AND gate 134 which has its remaining input tied to a clock signal CLK3, which is preferably 2 Hz.
- the output of the gate 134 is the blanking input of the display driver 118. Because the BCD value stored in the PROM 116 for the three digits preferably corresponds to an "8", the display preferably provides a blinking "888" indication that the pressure in the balloon has exceeded the maximum limit.
- FIG. 8 An embodiment of the audible balloon deflation indicator circuit 140 of the present invention is shown in Fig. 8.
- the output of a voltage divider 142 provided at node 144 is coupled through a resistor 146 to an input of an operational amplifier 148.
- the node 144 is also coupled through a resistor 150 to the reference signal output from the auto-zero circuit 96.
- the other input of the operational amplifier 148 is coupled to electrical ground through a resistor 152.
- the output of the operational amplifier 148 is coupled through a resistor 154 to one input of a comparator 156 which has its other input tied through a signal conditioning amplifier 155 to the electrical pressure signal from differential amplifier 76.
- the output of the comparator 156 is coupled to a set input of a D flip-flop 158 which has its Q output 160 coupled to a reset input of another D flip-flop 162 used for the timer.
- the output of the comparator 156 in Fig. 8 is also inverted by an inverter 164 and its output is coupled to a set input of a D flip-flop 166.
- the Q output of the D flip-flop 166 is coupled to one input of a dual input AND gate 168 that has its other input tied to an enable signal from the system timer circuit.
- the output of the gate 168 is inverted by inverter 170 and is used to reset D flip-flop 166 and enable timer flip-flop 162.
- Timer reset switch 46 is used to reset the timer count and clear the timer read-out 40 through the timer counter and display driver 174.
- the output of flip-flop 166 is also used to activate a onostable vibrator 180.
- the output of the monostable vibrator 180 is coupled to one input of a three input AND gate 182 and the remaining two inputs of the AND gate 182 are coupled to clock signals CKL4, CLK5 which have different time periods.
- the output of the triple input AND gate 182 is provided through a resistor 184 to a base of an NPN transistor 186 having its collector tied to a cathode of the lamp LED 36.
- the anode of the LED 36 is tied to a +V voltage source through a resistor 188.
- the output of the AND gate 182 is also coupled through a resistor 190 to a base of another NPN transistor 192 having its collector tied to a power voltage through an audio annunciator 194.
- the audio annunciator 194 is preferably designated by Part No. AT11K and is produced by Products Unlimited of Dayton, Ohio.
- the signal present at the input of the operational amplifier 148 from the voltage divider 142 and the auto-zero circuit 96 constitutes a threshold signal to the operational amplifier 148.
- This threshold signal is the sum of the fixed value from the voltage divider 142 and the reference signal provided by the auto-zero circuit 96 as previously discussed.
- the threshold signal is preferably a signal indicative of the ambient pressure in the angioplasty procedure room plus a predetermined voltage.
- the predetermined voltage from the voltage divider 142 corresponds to a numerical pressure value of 0.5-1 atmosphere.
- the output of the operational amplifier 148 couples the threshold voltage to the comparator 156 so the output of the comparator 156 goes to a logic high when the electrical pressure signal to be converted exceeds the threshold voltage.
- This logic high sets the D flip-flop 158 which in turn sets the D flip-flops 166, 162 which permit the clock pulses to be passed by flip- flop 162 so they may be counted by the timer counter and display driver 174.
- the timer clock signal is passed to the timer counter and display driver 174 so an elapsed time count is initiated and the elapsed time of balloon inflation is displayed on the timer read-out 40, preferably in seconds.
- the output of the comparator 156 goes to a logic low which resets the Q output 160 of the flip-flop 158.
- the Q output of the D flip-flop 158 resets the timer flip-flop 162 to disable the passing of the system clock pulses.
- the output of the comparator 156 is also inverted by the inverter 164 to a logic high which resets the D flip-flop 166.
- the output of the D flip- flop 166 activates the monostable vibrator 180 which provides a logic high pulse for a predetermined period of time to the triple input AND gate 182.
- the AND gate 182 provides a signal that varies in accordance with clock signals CLK4, CLK5 which intermittently turn on the transistors 186 and 192. This intermittent activation of the two transistors 186 and 192 causes the LED 36 and the audio annunciator 194 to be intermittently driven.
- the LED 36 provides a flashing indication that the balloon inflation/deflation cycle is complete while the audio annunciator circuit 194 is intermittently driven to produce a series of pleasant audible beeps to indicate the end of the balloon inflation/deflation cycle.
- the physician Prior to operation, the physician connects the module 30 to a calibrator which includes a fixed resistor bridge network and a precision resistor in parallel connection.
- the precision resistor is selectively connected to ground through a calibration switch. When the switch is depressed the grounding of the precision resistor unbalances the bridge by a precise amount which is preferably indicated by a read ⁇ out of 20 atmospheres on the read-out 32.
- Such calibration techniques are well-known.
- a display of 20 ⁇ .5 atmospheres on the digital read-out 32 verifies that the electronic module 30 is in calibration. If the display does not verify the calibration of the module 30 then the module should be discarded.
- the pressure test switch 48 may be depressed while the calibration switch is depressed and if the calibration reading increases by the predetermined amount, say 10 atmospheres, the operation of the module has been verified for a higher range of pressure.
- the physician connects the cable 26 between the housing 14 and the module 30 and turns on power by pressing the power on/off button 42. Following a warm-up period, a stopcock at the outlet 20 is turned to vent the syringe 12 and balloon catheter 18 to the atmosphere in the angioplasty room and the autozero switch 44 is depressed. Once the pressure display 32 settles to a zero pressure reading, the button 32 is released and the stopcock is closed. The doctor may also depress and temporarily hold the timer re-set switch 46 to reset the elapsed time display to zero seconds.
- the outlet 20 onto which the catheter 18 is later fitted is inserted into a container of the contrast media.
- the media is pulled into the syringe.
- the plunger portion may be locked to hold the media within the syringe by releasing the trigger on the housing 14.
- the syringe is then turned upright and the plunger incrementally advanced by rotating the plunger knob to purge air from the syringe 12. This procedure may be repeated if additional media is desired.
- the doctor may depress the pressure test switch 48 and observe the pressure value displayed on the read-out 32. If the displayed value increases by 10 atmospheres while the button 48 is depressed, the physician knows the pressure conversion circuit is working correctly. Otherwise, the doctor knows the module 30 or cable 26 is defective and may discard the module and wire.
- the balloon 16 and catheter 18 may be injected into the vascular system of the patient and manipulated to the blockage site. The balloon may then be inflated by expelling the fluid from within the syringe.
- the timer counter/display driver 174 begins counting clock pulses and the timer display 40 shows an elapsed time while the pressure value displayed on the pressure readout 32 begins to increase from zero.
- the doctor at any time, may stop the expulsion of the fluid from the syringe to stabilize the pressure displayed and depress the pressure test switch 48.
- the button 48 After confirming that the displayed pressure value increases by 10 atmospheres, the button 48 may be released so the displayed pressure returns to the previous reading and the balloon inflation resumed.
- the balloon may be deflated by withdrawing the fluid into the syringe 12. Again at any time, the doctor may verify the operation of the pressure conversion circuit by depressing the pressure test switch 48. When the pressure within the balloon approximately reaches zero atmospheres, the audible balloon deflation indicator circuit 140 sounds a pleasant audible indicator for a short duration to inform the doctor that the balloon is fully deflated without disturbing the doctor or diverting her attention. The elapsed time may be observed on the time display 40. To initiate another angioplasty procedure, the doctor clears the elapsed time by depressing and temporarily holding the timer reset switch 46 and begins another inflation cycle.
- the A/D converter 56 may be replaced with a frequency to voltage converter.
- a frequency counter could be preset with a known number that corresponds to a known pressure amount. It is intended that all such changes and modifications obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art be covered by the appended claims.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP93916716A EP0655931A1 (en) | 1992-08-20 | 1993-06-23 | Electronically monitored angioplasty system |
JP6506240A JPH08500266A (en) | 1992-08-20 | 1993-06-23 | Electronic surveillance angioplasty system |
AU46480/93A AU4648093A (en) | 1992-08-20 | 1993-06-23 | Electronically monitored angioplasty system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/932,645 | 1992-08-20 | ||
US07/932,645 US5383855A (en) | 1992-08-20 | 1992-08-20 | Electronically monitored angioplasty system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994004213A1 true WO1994004213A1 (en) | 1994-03-03 |
Family
ID=25462653
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1993/006015 WO1994004213A1 (en) | 1992-08-20 | 1993-06-23 | Electronically monitored angioplasty system |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5383855A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0655931A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH08500266A (en) |
AU (1) | AU4648093A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2140338A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994004213A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU4648093A (en) | 1994-03-15 |
CA2140338A1 (en) | 1994-03-03 |
EP0655931A1 (en) | 1995-06-07 |
JPH08500266A (en) | 1996-01-16 |
US5383855A (en) | 1995-01-24 |
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