WO1995013682A1 - Animation encoding method, animation decoding method, animation recording medium and animation encoder - Google Patents
Animation encoding method, animation decoding method, animation recording medium and animation encoder Download PDFInfo
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- WO1995013682A1 WO1995013682A1 PCT/JP1994/001868 JP9401868W WO9513682A1 WO 1995013682 A1 WO1995013682 A1 WO 1995013682A1 JP 9401868 W JP9401868 W JP 9401868W WO 9513682 A1 WO9513682 A1 WO 9513682A1
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- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 claims description 283
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/79—Processing of colour television signals in connection with recording
- H04N9/80—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback
- H04N9/804—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback involving pulse code modulation of the colour picture signal components
- H04N9/8042—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback involving pulse code modulation of the colour picture signal components involving data reduction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/124—Quantisation
- H04N19/126—Details of normalisation or weighting functions, e.g. normalisation matrices or variable uniform quantisers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
- H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
- H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
- H04N19/577—Motion compensation with bidirectional frame interpolation, i.e. using B-pictures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
- H04N19/61—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding in combination with predictive coding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/80—Details of filtering operations specially adapted for video compression, e.g. for pixel interpolation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/124—Quantisation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a moving image encoding method, a moving image decoding method, a moving image recording medium, and a moving image encoding device.
- the present invention relates to a moving picture coding method, a moving picture decoding method, a moving picture recording medium, and a moving picture coding apparatus.
- a moving picture signal is recorded on a recording medium such as an optical disc or a magnetic tape, and reproduced.
- Video signals such as videoconferencing systems, videophone systems, and broadcasting equipment from the transmitting side to the receiving side via the transmission path, and receive and display them on the receiving side. It is suitable to be applied to the case. Background art
- the line correlation of the moving image signal is used to efficiently utilize the transmission path.
- the image signal is compressed and coded by using the image data.
- the amount of information can be compressed by processing the image signal by orthogonal transformation such as discrete cosine transformation (DCT).
- DCT discrete cosine transformation
- the inter-frame correlation it is possible to further compress and encode the moving image signal.
- FIG. 17 shows an example of compression encoding of a moving image signal when the inter-frame correlation is used.
- three images shown in column A show frame images PCI, PC2, and PC3 at times t1, t2, and t3, respectively.
- Frame image PC 1 and PC 2 are generated by calculating the difference between the image signals of PC 1 and PC 2.
- PC 23 is generated by calculating the difference between the frame images PC 2 and PC 3.
- Column B shows the difference image, and the difference is shown in black for convenience.
- the images of frames that are temporally adjacent to each other do not have such a large change, and when the difference between them is calculated, the difference signal becomes a small value. Therefore, if this difference signal is encoded, the code amount can be compressed. For example, in this figure, it is sufficient to encode only the black portion of column B. However, if only the differential signal is transmitted, the original image cannot be restored if there is no correlation between the frames as in a scene change.
- the image of each frame is set to one of three types of I-pictures (intra-coded), P (forward prediction), or B (bidirectional), and the image signal is compressed. as shown in t ie 1 8 so that encode, and an image signal of 1 7 full rate arm to frame F 1 ⁇ F 1 7 and group O defenses puncture, and 1 unit of processing .
- the image signal of the first frame F1 (frame shown in black) is encoded as an I-picture
- the second frame F2 (frame shown in white) is encoded as a B-picture.
- the third frame F 3 (the frame indicated by oblique lines) is processed as a P-picture.
- the fourth and subsequent frames F4 to F17 are alternately processed as B or P victims.
- the image signal for one frame is transmitted as it is.
- a picture signal of P picture basically, as shown in A of Fig. 18, the difference from the picture signal of I picture or P picture that precedes it is transmitted.
- an image signal of the B-victure basically, as shown in B of FIG. 18, the difference from the average value of the temporally preceding frame or the succeeding frame or both is obtained. Then, the difference is encoded.
- Figure 19 shows the principle of the method for encoding a video signal in this way. ing.
- column A shows the original image
- column B shows the coded image.
- the first frame F 1 is processed as an I-picture, and is transmitted as it is to the transmission path as transmission data F 1 X (intra-coding).
- the second frame F2 is processed as a B-victory, the temporally preceding frame F1 and the temporally following frame F3 or an average thereof. The difference from the value is calculated, and the difference is transmitted as transmission data F 2 X.
- the processing as a B picture is described in more detail, and four types of processing can be selected for each macroblock.
- the first process is to transmit the data of the original frame F2 as it is as the transmission data F2X (SP1 (intra-encoding)), similar to the case of the I picture. It becomes the processing of.
- the second processing is to calculate a difference from the frame F 3 that is later in time and transmit the difference (SP 2 (backward prediction coding)).
- the third process is to transmit the difference from the temporally preceding frame F1 (SP3 (forward predictive coding)).
- SP3 forward predictive coding
- a difference between the average value of the preceding frame F1 and the average value of the following frame F3 is generated, and the difference is transmitted as transmission data F2X. (SP 4 (Bidirectional predictive coding)).
- an image by the processing method that minimizes the transmission data among these four methods is regarded as the transmission data of the macro block.
- the motion vector X 1 (the motion vector between frames F 1 and F 2) between the image of the frame for which the difference is to be calculated (predicted image) (For forward prediction)), or X2 (movement vector between frames F3 and F2 (for backward prediction)), or both X1 and X2 (bidirectional prediction) Is transmitted with force ⁇ , differential data.
- the frame F 3 of the P-victure uses the frame F 1 that precedes in time as the predicted image, and the difference signal from this frame and the motion vector X 3 perform. This is transmitted as transmission data F3X (SP3 (forward prediction coding)). Alternatively, the data of the original frame F3 is transmitted as it is as the transmission data F3X (SP1 (intra coding)). As in the case of the B picture, which method is used for transmission is selected in units of macbooks where the amount of transmitted data is smaller.
- FIG. 20 shows a specific configuration example of a device that encodes and transmits a moving image signal based on the above-described principle and decodes it.
- Numeral 1 indicates the configuration of an encoding apparatus as a whole, which encodes an input moving image signal VD and transmits it to a recording medium 3 as a transmission path.
- Numeral 2 denotes a decoding apparatus as a whole, which reproduces a signal recorded on a recording medium 3, decodes the signal, and outputs a video signal.
- the input video signal VD is input to the pre-processing circuit 11, where it is separated into a luminance signal and a chrominance signal (in this case, a color difference signal).
- AZD conversion is performed in 2 and 1/3.
- the video signal converted into a digital signal by A / D conversion by the A / D converters 12 and 13 is supplied to the frame memory 14 and written.
- the luminance signal is written to the luminance signal frame memory 15 and the chrominance signal is written to the chrominance signal frame memory 16.
- the format conversion circuit 17 converts the frame format signal written in the frame memory 14 into a block format signal c, that is, as shown in FIG.
- the image signal written in the memory 14 is frame format data in which V lines are collected in a line composed of H dots per line.
- the format conversion circuit 17 divides this one-frame signal into M slices in units of 16 lines.
- Each slice is then divided into M macroblocks.
- Each macro block is composed of luminance signals corresponding to 16 x 16 pixels (dots).
- the luminance signal is further divided into blocks Y [1] to ⁇ [4] in units of 8 ⁇ 8 dots.
- the 16 ⁇ 16 dot luminance signal corresponds to an 8 ⁇ 8 dot Cb signal and an 8 ⁇ 8 dot Cr signal of two blocks of color difference signals. DCT processing described later is performed in units of 8 ⁇ 8 dots.
- the data BD converted into the block format is supplied from the format conversion circuit 17 to the encoder 18, where it is encoded (encoded).
- the details of the signal will be described later with reference to FIG. 22.
- the signal encoded by the encoder 18 is recorded on the recording medium 3 as a bit stream or output to the transmission path. You.
- the data reproduced from the recording medium 3 is supplied to the decoder 31 of the decoding device 2 and is decoded (decoded).
- the details of the decoder 31 will be described later with reference to FIG.
- the data decoded by the decoder 31 is input to the format conversion circuit 32 and converted from the book format to the frame format.
- the luminance signal of the frame format is supplied to the luminance signal frame memory 34 of the frame memory 33 and written therein, and the color difference signal is supplied to the color difference signal frame memory 35 and written therein.
- the luminance signal and the color difference signal read from the luminance signal frame memory 34 and the color difference signal frame memory 35 are D / A converted by the D / A converters 36 and 37, respectively. It is supplied to the post-processing circuit 38 and synthesized. Then, it is output and displayed on a display (not shown) such as a CRT.
- the image data BD to be coded is input to a motion vector detection circuit ( ⁇ V—Det) 50 in macroblock units.
- Ugokibeku torr detection circuit 5 0 according to a predetermined sequence which is set in advance, the image data of each frame, I picture is treated as a P-picture or B Bikucha ( It is determined in advance whether an image of each frame input sequentially is processed as an I, P, or B picture.
- a group object composed of frames F1 to F17 is processed as I, B, P, B, P, B, and P.
- the image data of the frame (for example, frame F1) processed as an I-picture is transferred from the motion vector detection circuit 50 to the front original image portion 51a of the frame memory 5I and stored.
- the image data of the frame that is processed as a B picture (for example, frame F 2) is transferred to and stored in the original image section 51 b, and is processed as a P picture.
- the image data of (for example, frame F3) is transferred to and stored in the rear original image section 5Ic.
- the signal of each victim stored in the frame memory 51 is read out therefrom, and the prediction mode switching circuit (M0de-SW) 52 performs frame prediction mode processing or field processing. Prediction mode processing is performed. Further, under the control of the prediction determination circuit 54, the calculation unit 53 performs calculation of intra-picture prediction, forward prediction, backward prediction or bidirectional prediction. Which of these processes is to be performed is determined on a macro- ⁇ basis in accordance with the prediction error signal (the difference between the reference image to be processed and the predicted image corresponding thereto). You. For this reason, the motion vector detection circuit 50 calculates the sum of absolute values (or sum of squares) of the prediction error signal used for this determination. Generated in D block units.
- the prediction mode switching circuit 52 When the frame prediction mode is set, the prediction mode switching circuit 52 outputs the four luminance blocks Y [1] to Y [4] supplied from the motion vector detection circuit 50. Is output as it is to the subsequent operation unit 53. That is, in this case, as shown in FIG. 23 (A), the data of the odd field lines and the data of the even field lines are included in each luminance block. They are mixed. In this frame prediction mode, prediction is performed in units of four luminance blocks (Mac blocks ⁇ blocks), and one motion vector is calculated for each of the four luminance blocks. Is supported.
- the prediction mode switching circuit 52 receives the signal input from the motion vector detection circuit 50 in the configuration shown in FIG. 23 ( ⁇ ).
- the luminance blocks ⁇ [] and ⁇ [2] are represented by dots of odd-numbered lines, for example.
- the other two luminance blocks ⁇ [3] and ⁇ [4] are composed of even-field line data and output to the arithmetic unit 53.
- one motion vector corresponds to two luminance blocks ⁇ [1] and ⁇ [2], and the other two luminance blocks ⁇ block ⁇ For [3] and ⁇ [4], one other motion vector is supported.
- the motion vector detection circuit 50 calculates the intra-picture coding evaluation value, the sum of the absolute values of the prediction errors in the forward, backward, and bidirectional predictions in the frame prediction mode, and the field prediction.
- the absolute value sum of the prediction errors of the forward, backward and bidirectional predictions in the mode is output to the prediction determination circuit 54.
- the prediction decision circuit 54 compares the evaluation value of the intra-picture coding and the sum of absolute values of the respective prediction errors, and determines the frame prediction mode or the file mode corresponding to the prediction mode having the smallest value.
- the prediction mode is instructed to the prediction mode switching circuit 52.
- the prediction mode switching circuit 52 performs the above-described processing on the input signal, and outputs data to the calculation unit 53.
- the field prediction mode is selected when the motion of the moving image is fast
- the frame prediction mode is selected when the motion is slow.
- the color difference signal is a mixture of odd field line data and even field line data, as shown in Fig. 23 (A). In this state, it is supplied to the arithmetic unit 53.
- the upper half (4 lines) of each of the color difference blocks Cb and Cr is a luminance block Y [1 , Y [2] are the color difference signals of the odd field, and the lower half (4 lines) is the luminance block ⁇ [3], even number corresponding to ⁇ [4].
- the motion vector detection circuit 50 is used as a color difference signal of the field.
- any of intra-picture coding, forward prediction, backward prediction, and bidirectional prediction is performed as follows.
- the absolute value sum of the prediction errors of the forward prediction the signal A ij McHenry port Bed D click of the reference image
- the absolute value of the difference A ij- B ij of the signal B ij McHenry blocks of the predicted image Find the sum — i A ij-B ij I of IA ij — B ij l.
- the absolute value sum of the prediction error between the backward prediction and the bidirectional prediction is obtained in the same manner as in the forward prediction (by changing the predicted image to a different predicted image from that in the forward prediction).
- the sum of absolute values of the prediction errors can be obtained for both the frame prediction mode and the field prediction mode.
- Prediction judgment circuit 54 indicates the smallest of the absolute values of the prediction errors of the forward prediction, backward prediction, and bidirectional prediction in the frame prediction mode, the field prediction mode, and the prediction error of the inter-prediction. Select as the sum of absolute values of. Further, the sum of the absolute value of the prediction error of the inter prediction and the evaluation value of the intra-coding are compared, and the smaller one is selected, and the mode corresponding to the selected value is determined as the prediction mode ( (P-mode). That is, if the evaluation value of the intra-picture encoding is smaller, the intra-picture encoding mode is set.
- P-mode prediction mode
- the prediction mode switching circuit 52 is configured to convert a signal of the macroblock of the reference image into a frame or a field prediction mode corresponding to the mode selected by the prediction determination circuit 54,
- the t- motion vector detection circuit 50 provided to the arithmetic unit 53 is used to calculate the motion between the predicted image corresponding to the prediction mode (P-mode) selected by the prediction determination circuit 54 and the reference image.
- the vector MV is detected and output to the variable length coding circuit (VLC) 58 and the motion compensation circuit (M-comp) 64. As the motion vector, the motion vector that minimizes the sum of the absolute values of the corresponding prediction errors is selected.
- the prediction determination circuit 54 sets the intra-picture coding mode (motion compensation mode) as the prediction mode. Mode), and switch the operation unit 53 to the contact a side. As a result, the I-victure image data is input to the DCT mode switching circuit (DCTCTL) 55.
- DCTCTL DCT mode switching circuit
- This DCT mode switching circuit 55 has four luminance blocks as shown in FIG. 24 (A) or (B). Data in the odd and even fields (frame DCT mode) or separated (field DCT mode). C) to one of the states Output to the DCT circuit 56. That is, the DCT mode switching circuit 55 compares the coding efficiency when DCT processing is performed by mixing odd and even field data with the coding efficiency when DCT processing is performed in a separated state. And select a mode with good coding efficiency. For example, as shown in Fig. 24 (A), the input signal has a configuration in which the odd and even fields are mixed, and the lines of the odd fields vertically adjacent to each other are formed.
- the input signal has a configuration in which the lines of the odd and even fields are separated, and the lines of the odd fields that are vertically adjacent to each other are connected to each other. Calculates the difference between the signals of the even field and the signal of the even field, and calculates the sum (or sum of squares) of their absolute values.
- the brightness book The data structure in each mode is substantially the same.
- the frame prediction mode is selected in the prediction mode switching circuit 52, there is a high possibility that the frame DC mode is also selected in the DC mode switching circuit 55.
- the file is also generated in the DCT mode switching circuit 55.
- C The DCT mode is likely to be selected. However, this is not always the case, and the prediction mode switching circuit 52 (in this case, the mode is determined such that the sum of absolute values of the prediction errors is small. In the switching circuit 55, the mode is determined so that the coding efficiency is improved.
- the I-picture image data output from the DCT mode switching circuit 55 is input to the DC ⁇ circuit 56, subjected to DC ⁇ (discrete cosine transform) processing, and converted into DCT coefficients.
- This DC ⁇ coefficient is input to a quantization circuit (Q) 57 and is quantized in a quantization step corresponding to the data storage amount (buffer storage amount (B-full)) of the transmission buffer (Buffer) 59. After that, it is input to the variable length coding circuit 58.
- the variable length coding circuit 58 corresponds to the quantization step (scale (QS)) supplied from the quantization circuit 57.
- the image data supplied from the quantization circuit 57 (in this case, the I-picture ) Is converted into a variable-length code such as a Huffman code, and is output to the transmission buffer 59.
- the variable length coding circuit 58 also has a quantization step (scale (QS)) from the quantization circuit 57 and a prediction mode (intra-picture prediction, forward prediction, backward prediction or bidirectional prediction) from the prediction decision circuit 54.
- the mode (P-mode) that indicates which is set, the motion vector MV from the motion vector detection circuit 50, and the prediction flag (frame prediction mode or The footage (P-FLG) that indicates which of the field prediction modes has been set, and the DCT flag output by the DCT mode switching circuit 55 (frame DCT mode or field DCT mode)
- the flag (DCT-FLG) that indicates which one of these has been set is input, and these are also variable-length coded.
- the transmission buffer 59 temporarily stores the input data and outputs data corresponding to the storage amount to the quantization circuit 57. Transmit buffer 59 stores the data
- the quantization scale of the quantization circuit 57 is increased by the quantization control signal (B-full), thereby reducing the data amount of the quantized data.
- the transmission buffer 59 reduces the quantization scale of the quantization circuit 57 by the quantization control signal (B-full). As a result, the data amount of the quantized data is increased. In this way, overflow or underflow of the transmission buffer 59 is prevented.
- the data stored in the transmission buffer 59 is read out at a predetermined timing, output to a transmission path, or recorded on the recording medium 3.
- the I-victure data output from the quantization circuit 57 is input to the inverse quantization circuit (IQ) 60 and corresponds to the quantization step supplied from the quantization circuit (QS) 57. Dequantized.
- the output of the inverse quantization circuit 60 is input to the inverse DCT (IDCT) circuit 61 and subjected to inverse DCT processing.
- the block is rearranged by the block rearrangement circuit (B 1 0 ck Change) 65. Books are sorted according to each DCT mode (frame / field).
- the output signal of the book rearrangement circuit 65 is supplied to the forward prediction image section (FP) 63 a of the frame memory 63 via the arithmetic unit 62 and stored therein.
- FP forward prediction image section
- the motion vector detection circuit 50 first processes image data of each sequentially input frame as, for example, I, B, P, B, P, and B pictures. After processing the image data of the input frame as an I-picture, before processing the image of the next input frame as a B-picture, the next input frame Process the image data as P-victure. This is because a B picture involves backward prediction and cannot be decoded unless a P picture as a backward prediction image is prepared beforehand.
- the motion vector detection circuit 50 after processing the I picture, Processing of the P-victory image data stored in the original image section 51c is started. Then, as in the case described above, the sum of the absolute values of the differences (prediction errors) between the frames or between the fields in units of Mac n blocks is calculated by the motion vector detection circuit 50. Is supplied to the prediction judgment circuit 54.
- the prediction decision circuit 54 performs a prediction mode of frame / field prediction mode and intra-picture coding or forward prediction in accordance with the sum of absolute values of the prediction errors of the macroblock of the P-picture. Set.
- the operation unit 53 switches the switch to the contact a side as described above. Therefore, this data is transmitted via the DCT mode switching circuit 55, the DCT circuit 56-the quantization circuit 57, the variable-length coding circuit 58, and the transmission buffer 59 as in the case of the I-victure data. Transmitted to the road.
- This data is passed through the inverse quantization circuit 60, the inverse DCT circuit 61, the block rearrangement circuit 65, and the arithmetic unit 62, and the backward prediction image portion (B-P ) 6 3b is supplied and stored.
- the switch In the forward prediction mode, the switch is switched to the contact b, and the image data (in this case, the I-picture image) stored in the forward prediction image section 63 a of the frame memory 63 is read out.
- the motion compensation is performed by the motion compensation circuit 64 in accordance with the motion vector output from the motion vector detection circuit 50. That is, when the setting of the forward prediction mode is instructed by the prediction determination circuit 54, the motion compensation circuit 64 converts the read address of the forward prediction image section 63a into the motion vector detection circuit 50. Then, the data is read out from the position corresponding to the position of the currently output macroblock by the amount corresponding to the motion vector, and predicted image data is generated.
- the predicted image data output from the motion compensation circuit 64 is supplied to a computing unit 53a.
- the arithmetic unit 53a corresponds to the macroblock supplied from the motion compensation circuit 64 from the data of the macroblock of the reference image supplied from the prediction mode switching circuit 52.
- the predicted image data to be subtracted Outputs the difference (prediction error).
- the difference data is transmitted to the transmission path via the DCT mode switching circuit 55, the DCT circuit 56, the quantization circuit 57, the variable length code north circuit 58, and the transmission buffer 59.
- the difference data is locally decoded by the inverse quantization circuit 60 and the inverse DCT circuit 61, and is input to the arithmetic unit 62 via the block rearrangement circuit 65.
- the same data as the predicted image data supplied to the computing unit 53 a is also supplied to the computing unit 62.
- the arithmetic unit 62 adds the prediction image data output from the motion compensation circuit 64 to the difference data output from the inverse DCT circuit 61. As a result, the image data of the original (decoded) P picture is obtained.
- the image data of the P victim is supplied to and stored in the rear prediction image section 63b of the frame memory 63.
- the prediction judgment circuit 54 is configured to calculate the difference between frames or the difference between fields (prediction error) in units of macroblocks.
- the frame no-field mode is set according to the magnitude of the absolute value sum of, and the prediction mode is set to intra-frame prediction mode, forward prediction mode, backward prediction mode, or bidirectional prediction mode.
- the switch is switched to the contact a or b in the intra-frame prediction mode or the forward prediction mode. At this time, the same processing as in the case of P picture is performed and the data is transmitted.
- the switch is switched to the contact c or d, respectively.
- the image data in this case, the image of the P-picture
- the motion compensation circuit 64 The motion is compensated according to the motion vector output by the motion vector detection circuit 50. That is, the motion compensation circuit 6 4
- the macroblock that outputs the read address of the backward prediction image section 63b is output from the motion vector detection circuit 50. Data is read out from the position corresponding to the motion vector by the amount corresponding to the motion vector, and predicted image data is generated.
- the predicted image data output from the motion compensation circuit 64 is supplied to a computing unit 53b.
- This difference data is transmitted to the transmission line via the DCT mode switching circuit 55, the DCT circuit 56, the quantization circuit 57, the variable length coding circuit 58, the transmission buffer 59, and the switch contacts.
- the image (in this case, the image of the P picture) data is read out and subjected to motion compensation by the motion compensation circuit 64 in accordance with the motion vector output by the motion vector detection circuit 50. It is.
- the motion compensation circuit 64 changes the read addresses of the forward prediction image section 63a and the backward prediction image section 63b.
- the motion vector from the position corresponding to the position of the macroblock that the motion vector detection circuit 50 is currently outputting (the motion vector in this case is for the forward prediction image and for the backward prediction image).
- the data is read out with a shift corresponding to (the two for predicted images) and predicted image data is generated.
- the predicted image data output from the motion compensation circuit 64 is supplied to a calculator 53c.
- the arithmetic unit 53 c is supplied by the motion compensation circuit 64 from the macroblock data of the reference image supplied from the motion vector detection circuit 50.
- the average value of the predicted image data obtained is subtracted, and the difference is output.
- This difference data is transmitted to the transmission line via the DCT mode switching circuits 55, 0 (: the chopping circuit 56, the quantization circuit 57, the variable length coding circuit 58, and the transmission buffer 59).
- the B-victure image is not stored in the frame memory 63 because it is not regarded as a predicted image of another image.
- the forward predictive image section 63a and the backward predictive image section 63b are switched between banks as necessary, and are switched to one or the other with respect to a predetermined reference image.
- the stored image can be switched and output as a forward prediction image or a backward prediction image.
- the chrominance block is similarly processed using the macro ⁇ block shown in FIGS. 23 and 24 as a unit.
- the motion base click preparative Le when processing color difference block is the corresponding luminance Bed 1 alpha click motion base click preparative Le vertical and horizontal, those respectively 1 Zeta 2 is used.
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an example of the decoder 31 of FIG.
- the image data supplied via the transmission path or the recording medium is received by a receiving circuit (not shown) or reproduced by a reproducing device, and is temporarily stored in a receiving buffer (Bufffer) 81. After that, it is supplied to the variable length decoding circuit (IVLC) 82 of the decoding circuit 90.
- IVLC variable length decoding circuit
- the variable-length decoding circuit (IVLC) 82 performs variable-length decoding of the data supplied from the reception buffer 81, and performs motion vector (MV), prediction mode (P-mode) and The prediction flag (P-FLG) is supplied to the motion compensation circuit (M-comp) 87.
- the DCT flag (DCT-FLG) is output to the inverse block reordering circuit (B10ck Change) 88 and the quantization step (QS) is output to the inverse quantization circuit (IQ) 83. And outputs the decoded image data to the inverse quantization circuit 83.
- the inverse quantization circuit 83 inversely quantizes the image data supplied from the variable length decoding circuit 82 in the same manner according to the quantization step supplied from the variable length decoding circuit 82, and Output to DCT circuit 84.
- the data (DCT coefficient) output from the inverse quantization circuit 83 is subjected to inverse DCT processing in the inverse DCT circuit 84 and supplied to the computing unit 85.
- the data supplied from the inverse DCT circuit 84 is I-picture data
- the data is output from the arithmetic unit 85 and the image data (P or B
- the data is supplied to and stored in the forward predicted image section (FP) 86 a of the frame memory 86 for generating predicted image data of the data. This data is output to the format conversion circuit 32 (FIG. 20).
- the frame memory is used.
- the arithmetic unit 85 adds the image data (difference data) supplied from the inverse DCT circuit 84 and outputs the result.
- the added data that is, the decoded P-picture data, is used to generate frame image memory 8 for generating predicted image data of image data (B-picture or P-picture data) input later to the arithmetic unit 85. It is supplied to and stored in the backward prediction image part (B-P) 86b of No. 6.
- the data in the intra prediction mode is stored in the backward prediction image section 86 b without any special processing in the arithmetic unit 85 like the I-picture data. Since this P-picture is the image to be displayed next to the next B-picture, it is still the format conversion Not output to road 32. That is, as described above, the P picture input after the B picture is processed and transmitted before the B picture.
- the forward prediction image of the frame memory 86 is corresponding to the prediction mode supplied from the variable length decoding circuit 82.
- I-picture image data stored in section 86a for forward prediction mode
- P-picture image data stored in backward prediction image section 86b for backward prediction mode
- both image data in the case of bidirectional prediction mode
- the motion compensation circuit 87 performs motion compensation corresponding to the motion vector output from the variable length decoding circuit 82.
- a predicted image is generated.
- motion compensation is not required, that is, in the case of the intra prediction mode, a predicted image is not generated.
- the data subjected to the motion compensation by the motion compensation circuit 87 in this way is added to the output of the inverse DCT circuit 84 in the arithmetic unit 85.
- This addition output is output to the format conversion circuit 32.
- the added output is B-victure data, and is not stored in the frame memory 86 because it is not used for generating a predicted image of another image.
- the image data of the P-picture stored in the backward prediction image section 86b is read and supplied to the arithmetic unit 85 through the motion compensation circuit 87. However, no motion compensation is performed at this time.
- the motion vector used is one for the luminance signal, which is reduced by 1 in the vertical and horizontal directions.
- the transform coding in the above-described image coding makes it possible to compress the amount of information by concentrating the signal power on a specific coordinate axis by using the correlation of the input signal.
- DCT is a transform method used for such transform coding. This is one example of orthogonal transformation.
- the DCT uses the two-dimensional correlation of the image signal to concentrate signal power on a specific frequency component, and encodes only the concentratedly distributed coefficients to enable compression of the amount of information. For example, in a part where the picture is flat and the autocorrelation of the image signal is high, the DCT coefficients are concentrated and distributed to low frequency components, and other components have small values. Therefore, in this case, it is possible to compress the amount of information by coding only the coefficients concentratedly distributed in the low frequency band.
- the DCT coefficient is widely dispersed from low to high frequency components. Then, in order to accurately represent a discontinuous point of a signal such as a contour with a DCT coefficient, an extremely large number of coefficients are required, and coding efficiency is reduced. At this time, if the quantization characteristics of the coefficients are made coarser or the coefficients of the high-frequency components are truncated to compress the image as in the past, the deterioration of the image signal becomes noticeable, for example, fluctuations around the contour. Such distortion (such as connect effect or mosquito noise, hereinafter simply referred to as noise) occurs.
- noise such as connect effect or mosquito noise
- Pre-filter and post-filter are used to solve this problem. For example, by using a one-pass filter as the pre-filter and improving the coding efficiency, it is possible to suppress the generation of noise. Also, as a post-filter, it is used to remove the generated noise inconspicuously using a one-pass filter. As such a post-filter, there is, for example, an ⁇ -filter / media-filter.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and provides a moving picture coding method and a moving picture coding method capable of minimizing the reduction of information on fine pattern of an image while reducing noise even in a signal band having a poor SN ratio.
- An image decoding method, a moving image recording medium, and a moving image encoding apparatus are proposed.
- the image signal encoding method generates at least one signal band of a predetermined image signal based on non-linear characteristics to generate an I-th quantized coefficient.
- a predetermined conversion process is performed to generate a conversion coefficient, the conversion coefficient is quantized to generate a second quantization coefficient, and the second quantization coefficient is generated. Is variable-length coded.
- the image signal decoding method of the present invention includes the step of performing variable length decoding of a received encoded image signal, performing first inverse quantization on the variable length decoded signal, and performing the first inverse quantization.
- a predetermined inverse transform process is performed on the quantized signal in a predetermined block unit, and a second inverse transform is performed on the signal subjected to the predetermined inverse transform based on the nonlinear characteristic. Perform quantization.
- the image recording medium of the present invention at least a part of the signal band of the predetermined image signal is quantized based on the non-linear characteristic to generate a first quantization coefficient, and an I-th quantization coefficient , A predetermined conversion process is performed for each predetermined block unit to generate a conversion coefficient, the conversion coefficient is quantized to generate a second quantization coefficient, and a second quantization coefficient Is variable-length encoded, and the variable-length encoded signal is recorded on a recording medium.
- the image signal encoding apparatus includes a first quantization unit that quantizes at least a part of a predetermined image signal based on a nonlinear characteristic to generate a first quantization coefficient.
- a second quantization means 57 for generating two quantization coefficients and a variable length coding means 58 for performing variable length coding on the second quantization coefficient are provided.
- the image signal decoding apparatus of the present invention includes a variable length decoding unit 82 for performing variable length decoding on the received encoded image signal, and a first inverse quantum unit for the variable length decoded signal.
- Second inverse quantization means 71 for performing a second inverse quantization based on the non-linear characteristic with respect to the signal on which the predetermined inverse transformation has been performed.
- FIG. 1A is a block diagram showing a configuration of an embodiment of an image signal encoding device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1B is a block diagram showing the configuration of another embodiment of the image signal encoding device according to the present invention.
- Figures 2 ( ⁇ ) and 2 ( ⁇ ) are block diagrams showing the configuration of the nonlinear quantization circuit.
- FIG. 3 is a characteristic curve diagram for explaining the nonlinear quantization characteristic.
- FIGS. 4 ( ⁇ ⁇ ) and 4 ( ⁇ ) are block diagrams showing the configuration of the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit.
- FIG. 5 is a characteristic curve diagram for explaining the nonlinear quantization characteristic.
- FIG. 6 is a signal waveform diagram for explaining a change in a signal in the nonlinear quantization circuit.
- FIG. 7 is a characteristic curve diagram for explaining the nonlinear quantization characteristic.
- FIG. 8 is a signal waveform diagram for explaining a signal change in the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit.
- FIG. 9 is a characteristic curve diagram for explaining the nonlinear inverse quantization characteristic.
- FIG. 10 ( ⁇ ) is a block diagram showing the configuration of an embodiment of the moving picture decoding apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10 ( ⁇ ) is a block diagram showing the configuration of another embodiment of the video decoding device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the nonlinear quantization circuit in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit according to the second embodiment.
- FIGS. 13 ( ⁇ ) and 13 ( ⁇ ) are characteristic curves for explaining the quantization characteristics of the nonlinear quantization circuit.
- FIGS. 14 ( ⁇ ) and 14 ( ⁇ ) are characteristic curves for explaining the inverse quantization characteristics of the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit.
- FIG. 15 (A) shows the configuration of a moving picture coding apparatus according to the fourth embodiment. It is a block diagram.
- FIG. 15 ( ⁇ ) is a block diagram showing the configuration of the moving picture coding apparatus according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 16 ( ⁇ ) is a block diagram showing a configuration of a moving picture decoding apparatus according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 16 ( ⁇ ) is a block diagram showing the configuration of the moving picture decoding apparatus according to the sixth embodiment.
- Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram for explaining the principle of compression encoding of a moving image signal when the inter-frame correlation is used.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram for explaining a type of a picture when image data is compressed.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram for explaining the principle of encoding a moving image signal.
- FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an image signal encoding device and an image signal decoding device.
- FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram for explaining the format conversion operation of the format conversion circuit in FIG.
- FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the encoder in FIG.
- FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram for explaining the operation of the prediction mode switching circuit in FIG.
- FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram for explaining the operation of the DC mode switching circuit in FIG. ⁇
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the decoder of FIG. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 1 ( ⁇ ) shows the first embodiment of the present invention as a whole.
- a nonlinear quantization circuit (NLQ) 70 and a nonlinear inverse quantization circuit (NLQ) are used. Except for NLIQ) 71, the configuration is the same as that of the conventional video encoding device shown in FIG. 22 described above.
- the nonlinear quantization circuit 70 will be described with reference to FIG. That is, the pixel value of the current image in the case of the intra-encoded macroblock, and the inter-frame or inter-field encoded macroblock n In the case of a block, the difference value between frames or between fields after motion compensation is supplied to the input terminal 200 in block units, that is, in units of 8 ⁇ 8 pixels. You.
- the image signal S 201 supplied to the input terminal 200 is input to a low-pass filter (LPF) 201 and an adder 202.
- LPF low-pass filter
- the one-pass filter 201 the low frequency component of the input image signal S201 is extracted for each block.
- ⁇ The output of the pass filter 201 is output to the adders 202 and 204.
- the difference between the input image signal S201 and the output value S202 of the D-pass filter 210 is calculated and output for each pixel of each block (S2 0 3). Since the output value S202 of the low pass filter 201 is a low frequency component of the image signal, the output S203 of the adder 202 is a signal indicating the amplitude of the high frequency component of the image.
- the signal S203 is input to a non-linear quantization circuit 203 for a high-frequency signal.
- the nonlinear quantization circuit 203 for the ⁇ frequency signal performs nonlinear quantization using the nonlinear characteristics shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis in the figure is the value (amplitude value) of the input image signal S203, and the vertical axis is the value (amplitude value) of the output signal S204.
- the negative side is the origin target.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of the non-linear characteristics as NC, but some non-linear quantization characteristics are possible. Therefore, in the case of the characteristic shown in FIG. 3, a value larger than the input signal S 203 is output as S 204.
- the output signal S 204 of the nonlinear quantization circuit 203 for the high-frequency signal is input to the adder 204.
- the adder 204 adds the signal S204 and the output signal S202 of the n-pass filter 201 to the corresponding pixel of each pick and outputs the sum (S2 0 5).
- S 202 is a low-frequency component of the image signal S 201 input to the nonlinear quantization circuit 70
- S 204 is a high-frequency component of the S 210 after nonlinear quantization. Therefore, the output S 205 of the nonlinear quantization circuit 70 becomes a signal in which the ⁇ frequency component of the input signal S 210 is emphasized.
- the image signal whose high frequency has been emphasized by the nonlinear quantization circuit 70 is input to the DCT circuit 56.
- the DCT circuit 56 performs DC ⁇ conversion for each block of 8 ⁇ 8 pixels, inputs the converted value to the quantization circuit 57, and the quantized value is variable-length coded. Input to circuit 58.
- the output of the quantization circuit 57 is also input to the inverse quantization circuit 60.
- the inverse quantization circuit 60 performs the reverse operation of the quantization circuit 57.
- the inverse DC ⁇ circuit 61 performs an inverse DCT transform on the output value of the inverse quantization circuit 60, and then inputs the restored signal to the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit 71.
- the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit 71 is configured as shown in FIG. 4 ( ⁇ ), and performs the inverse operation of the nonlinear quantization circuit 70.
- the block unit signal S401 input from the input terminal 400 of the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit 71 is input to the ⁇ -pass filter 410 and the adder 402.
- ⁇ The path filter 401 extracts the low frequency component of the signal S401.
- u The output signal S402 of the path filter 401 is input to the adders 402 and 404.
- the adder 402 the difference between the signals S401 and S402 is obtained for each corresponding pixel of each block ⁇ and output (S403).
- the signal S402 represents the low frequency component of the signal S401
- the signal S403 represents the high frequency component of the signal S401.
- the signal S 403 is input to a high-frequency signal nonlinear inverse quantization circuit 403.
- the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit 403 of the high-frequency signal performs nonlinear quantization using the nonlinear characteristic I ⁇ C shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 5 is the value (amplitude value) of the input image signal S 403, and the vertical axis is the value (amplitude value) of the output signal S 404.
- the inverse quantization characteristic used in the linear inverse quantization circuit for high-frequency signals 403 must be the inverse quantization characteristic that performs the inverse operation of the quantization characteristics used in the nonlinear quantization circuit 203 for high-frequency signals.
- the output of the non-linear inverse quantization circuit for high frequency signal 403 is input to the adder 404.
- the adder 404 adds the signal S404 and the signal S402 to each corresponding pixel of each block and outputs the result (S405).
- the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit ⁇ 1 performs an operation of restoring the high-frequency component emphasized by the nonlinear quantization circuit 70 (such a nonlinear quantization operation is generated by transform coding.
- Fig. 6 shows how the signal changes in the nonlinear quantization circuit 70 of Fig. 2 (A). 20.
- the signal of (a) is a low-frequency component as shown in (b) extracted by the mouth-pass filter 201. This is the signal S202.
- the difference between S 2 0 I and S 2 0 2 is obtained by the adder 20 2, and the signal is output as a signal S 203 as a high-frequency component (d).
- the difference between the maximum value of the signal and the flat part at this time is A!
- the high-frequency component is emphasized by nonlinear quantization.
- (E) shows the output S204 of the nonlinear quantization circuit 203 of the high-frequency signal.
- the difference between the maximum value and the flat portion of the time signal is A 2 (A 2> A ⁇ ).
- the adder 204 calculates the signal S202 and the signal S204.
- the addition results in an output signal S 205 (f).
- Figure 7 shows the nonlinear quantization characteristics.
- the horizontal axis is the value of the input signal, and the vertical axis is the value of the output signal. Here, only the positive side characteristics are shown. The negative side is the origin target.
- the maximum value of the distortion and noise components generated during the transform coding has a value of 509, which is the maximum value of the signal input to the transform circuit (the DCT circuit in this embodiment). That is, it has a linear relationship with the maximum value of the input to the conversion circuit.
- the maximum value of the input signal is. Without nonlinear quantization, the maximum distortion caused by transform coding is N! (Fig. 7).
- FIG. 8 shows how the signal changes in the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit 71 of FIG. 4 (A).
- A) is obtained by processing the signal of (f) in FIG. 6 by the DCT conversion circuit 56, the quantization circuit 57, the inverse quantization circuit 60, and the inverse DCT circuit 61.
- the signal S401 input to the circuit 71 is shown.
- B) shows the c signal S402 from which the low-frequency component S402 is extracted by the signal S401 from the n-path filter 40].
- the adder 402 extracts the high-frequency component S403 by taking the difference between the signal S401 and the signal S402.
- S 403 is shown in (d).
- the signal shown in (d) is added with distortion caused by transform coding.
- the maximum value of the signal is A 2 ′ and the maximum value of distortion is N 2 ′.
- (E) shows the output S 403 of the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit 403 of the high-frequency signal.
- Figure 9 shows the inverse quantization characteristics.
- the maximum value of the distortion at this time is that Do and N 3.
- the maximum value of distortion when non-linear inverse quantization is not performed is N 2 ′ Z a. Compared to the case without nonlinear quantization,-only distortion It can be seen that the maximum value has decreased.
- this nonlinear quantization operation is performed in units of blocks input to the conversion circuit (DCT conversion circuit in this embodiment). This is because the degradation caused by transform coding is closed in the book. This will prevent you from losing information unnecessarily across the book.
- FIG. 10 (A) shows a moving picture decoding apparatus according to the first embodiment. Except for the non-linear inverse quantization circuit (NLIQ) 91, the configuration is the same as the conventional one, so that the description of the parts already described in the conventional example is omitted.
- the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit 91 is similar to the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit 71 described above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 4 (A). This is for performing the reverse operation of the circuit 70.
- the nonlinear quantization characteristic of the nonlinear quantization circuit 70 and the nonlinear inverse quantization characteristic of the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit 91 have mutually opposite characteristics.
- the nonlinear quantization circuit is provided immediately before the DCT circuit, and the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit is provided immediately after the inverse DCT circuit, so that the image signal encoding device and the image signal decoding device can be connected. Consistency can be maintained. Also, with the method in this embodiment, it is possible to reproduce a minimum number of images even when the image signal decoding device does not have a nonlinear inverse quantization circuit.
- the image signal decoding device does not have the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit, a signal in which the high frequency component is emphasized is decoded and displayed.
- the image signal decoding device in this case is the same as the conventional example.
- the inverse quantization characteristic of the nonlinear inverse quantizer 91 and the quantization characteristic of the nonlinear quantizer 70 need not necessarily be the exact opposite characteristics.
- the dequantization of the inverse quantization characteristic is larger than the emphasis of the quantization characteristic, the effect of applying a one-pass filter to the decoded image is obtained, and the opposite field is obtained. In this case, the effect of applying contour enhancement to the decoded image is obtained.
- the SN ratio can be effectively improved by performing pre-processing and post-processing having non-linear characteristics in cooperation with a signal band in which the SN ratio tends to deteriorate due to encoding.
- the mosquito noise can be reduced, but the reduction of the fine pattern information of the image can be suppressed, making it difficult to distinguish the distortion of the conventional image from the fine pattern of the image.
- the second embodiment is a modification of the first embodiment, except for the nonlinear quantizer (NLQ) 70 and the non-linear inverse quantizers ( ⁇ 1113 ⁇ 4) 71, 91 described above except for the I-th embodiment.
- the configuration is the same as that of the embodiment. That is, FIG. 11 shows the internal configuration of the nonlinear quantization circuit 70 in the second embodiment.
- the image signal S 110 input to the non-linear quantization circuit 70 is expressed in band ⁇ units in bandpass filter 1 (1 1 0 1) to bandpass filter ⁇ (1 1 On ).
- Node-pass filters 1 (1I0I) to bandpass filters n (1110n) are filters having different passbands.
- Bandpass filter 1 (110) is the filter with the lowest passband (single-pass filter), and bandpass filter n (1) On is the best.
- the bandpass filter output signals S1101 to S110n are sent to the first nonlinear quantizer (1112) to the nth nonlinear quantizer (112n). Each is entered. For each frequency component of the input signal S110, nonlinear quantization with different quantization characteristics is performed according to the frequency.
- Figure 13 (A) shows an example of the quantization characteristics of each nonlinear quantization circuit shown in Fig. 11.
- the frequency characteristic of the first nonlinear quantizer (1 1 2 1) is characteristic 1 in FIG. 13 (A), and the quantization characteristic of the n-th nonlinear quantizer (1 1 2 ⁇ ) is characteristic n It is.
- Output signals S 1 1 2 1 to S 1 1 2 n from the non-linear quantization circuit are input to the adder 1 1 3 0.
- the adder 110 adds the frequency components after the nonlinear quantization and outputs the result (S110).
- FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram of the nonlinear inverse quantization circuits 71 and 91. That is, the output signal S1200 from the inverse DCT circuit is input to the first band-pass filter (1 201) to the ⁇ -th band-pass filter (120 ⁇ ).
- the first band-pass filter (1201) to the ⁇ -th band-pass filter ⁇ (120- ⁇ ) are filters having different passbands.
- the second bandpass filter (1 201) is the filter with the lowest passband (one-pass filter), and the ⁇ th bandpass filter (1 2 On) Is the filter with the highest passband (high-bass filter).
- the output signals S 12 0 1 to S 12 0 ⁇ from the NAND bus filters (12 0 I to I 20 ⁇ ) are output from the first nonlinear inverse quantization circuits (12 21) to ⁇ is input to the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit (122 ⁇ ). For each frequency component of the signal S 1 200 from the inverse DCT circuit, a different inverse amount according to the frequency Performs non-linear inverse quantization of child characteristics.
- Fig. 14 (A) An example of the inverse quantization characteristics of each nonlinear inverse quantization circuit shown in Fig. 12 is shown in Fig. 14 (A).
- the frequency characteristic of the first nonlinear inverse quantizer (1 2 2 1) is characteristic 1 in FIG. 14 (A), and the quantization characteristic of the n-th nonlinear inverse quantizer (1 2 2 ⁇ ) is Is the characteristic ⁇ .
- each inverse quantization characteristic must be a characteristic that performs the inverse operation of the quantization characteristic.
- Output signals S 1 2 2 1 to S 1 2 2 n from the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit are input to an adder 1 2 3 0.
- the adder 1230 adds each frequency component after the nonlinear quantization and outputs the result (S1231).
- the high-frequency components emphasized by the nonlinear inverse quantization circuits 71 and 91 are returned to the original levels.
- the second embodiment is characterized in that nonlinear quantization and nonlinear inverse quantization are performed with nonlinear quantization characteristics that differ depending on the frequency component of the input image signal as described above. As described above, in the case of the second embodiment, the SN ratio can be further improved by making the quantization characteristics different according to the frequency component of the input signal. Visual impression can be improved.
- the third embodiment is also a modification of the first embodiment, and is the same as the first embodiment except for a linear quantization circuit 70, a nonlinear inverse quantization circuit 71, and a variable length coding circuit 58. .
- the overall configuration of the image encoding device according to the third embodiment has the configuration shown in FIG.
- the configuration of the nonlinear quantization circuit 70 is given in FIG. 2 (B).
- the controller 206 of the quantization circuit determines the quantization characteristics used in the nonlinear quantization circuit 203 of the high-frequency signal. Switch adaptively on a per-block basis.
- the controller 206 of the quantization circuit examines the characteristics of the input image signal S 201 or the high-frequency signal S 203 for each block, and determines a quantization characteristic to be used according to the characteristics. .
- the signal QL indicating the quantization characteristic to be used is output to the nonlinear quantization circuit 203 for the high frequency signal.
- the quantization characteristic group is given, for example, in FIG. 13 (B).
- the characteristic of the input image signal is, for example, edge information, is, for example, amplitude information of the input signal, and is, for example, a correlation between luminance and a color difference signal.
- a quantization characteristic that emphasizes the edge that is, a non-linear quantization characteristic corresponding to a large value of n in FIG. 13 (B).
- a quantization characteristic that emphasizes the edge that is, a non-linear quantization characteristic corresponding to a large value of n in FIG. 13 (B).
- the nonlinear quantization characteristic corresponding to the larger value of n in FIG. 13 (B) is selected.
- the luminance value is low and the corresponding color difference Cb or Cr is one of the values ⁇ ⁇
- non-linear processing makes the noise of the original image more conspicuous.
- the linear quantization characteristic (characteristic 0) in Fig. 13 ( ⁇ ) is selected.
- the signal QL indicating the quantization characteristic is also output to the variable length coding circuit 58.
- the variable length coding circuit 58 performs variable length coding on the signal QL indicating the quantization characteristic and transmits the signal QL.
- the overall configuration of the image decoding apparatus is the same as that of the first embodiment except for the variable length decoding circuit 82 and the inverse quantization circuit 9], and is given in FIG. 10 ( ⁇ ).
- the configuration of the nonlinear inverse quantization circuits 71 and 91 is given in FIG.
- the controller 406 of the inverse quantization circuit adaptively switches the inverse quantization characteristics used in the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit 403 of the high-frequency signal on a block basis.
- the signal QL indicating the quantization characteristic transmitted from the image signal encoding device is decoded by the variable length decoding circuit 82 and output to the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit 91 as a signal QL ′ indicating the inverse quantization characteristic. Is done.
- the controller 4 06 of the inverse quantization circuit follows the signal QL 'indicating the inverse quantization characteristic. Then, the inverse quantization characteristic is determined for each block and output to the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit 403 for the high-frequency signal.
- the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit 403 for the high-frequency signal switches the inverse quantization characteristics in units of blocks according to the signal QL ′ indicating the inverse quantization characteristics.
- the inverse quantization characteristic is given, for example, in FIG. 14 ( ⁇ ).
- the S-ratio and the visual impression are further improved by adaptively switching the quantization characteristics according to the characteristics of the input image signal. can do.
- the inverse quantization characteristic is adaptively switched by the transmitted QL '.
- the QL' Irrespective of this, it is also possible to adaptively control the inverse quantization characteristic according to the decoded image signal S401 or the high-frequency component S403 of the decoded image signal.
- the fourth embodiment is an effective embodiment when the nonlinear quantization circuit and the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit cannot be installed before and after the transformation circuit (DCT and IDCT circuits in this embodiment). is there.
- a configuration diagram of an image signal encoding device according to the fourth embodiment is shown in FIG. The difference from the first embodiment is that the non-linear quantization circuit 70 is placed at the head of the encoding device. In Figure I5 ( ⁇ ), the non-linear quantization circuit 70 is placed before the motion vector detection circuit 50, but after the motion vector detection circuit 50, that is, the motion vector It may be between the detection circuit 50 and the prediction mode switching circuit 52.
- the configuration of the nonlinear quantization circuit 70 is the same as that of the first embodiment, and is shown in FIG.
- the signal input to the DCT circuit cannot be processed.
- Non-linear quantization enters the transform circuit (DCT circuit) as in the first embodiment. This is done on a block-by-block basis. In this case, when the interframe or interfield coding is not performed, that is, in the case of the intra coded macro ⁇ , the same result as in the first embodiment can be obtained. I can do it.
- the configuration of the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit 91 is the same as that of the first embodiment, and is given in FIG.
- the operation of the non-linear inverse quantization circuit 91 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the non-linear quantization circuit is located before the motion compensation circuit. Consistency is not always obtained between the non-linear quantization and the non-linear inverse quantization between the encoder and the decoder. According to the same principle as the principle shown in the first embodiment, distortion caused by transform coding can be removed. As described above, in the case of the fourth embodiment, even when the nonlinear quantization circuit and the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit cannot be provided immediately before and immediately after the conversion circuit, the forefront part of the encoding apparatus and the decoding can be performed. By providing a linear quantization and non-linear inverse quantization circuit at the end of the device, it is possible to reduce mosquito noise and prevent the loss of fine image information in signal bands where the S S ratio is poor. be able to.
- the fifth embodiment is a modification of the fourth and second embodiments.
- the fourth embodiment is the same as the fourth embodiment except for the nonlinear quantization circuit and the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit.
- the overall configuration of the image signal encoding circuit and the image signal decoding device according to the fifth embodiment is the same as that of the fourth embodiment, and has the configuration shown in FIGS. 15 and 16.
- the configuration of the non-linear quantization circuit 70 in the fifth embodiment is the same as that of the second embodiment and is given in FIG. Also, the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit in the fifth embodiment is used.
- the configuration of the route 7] is similar to that of the second embodiment and is given in FIG.
- the fifth embodiment is an embodiment in which the fourth embodiment is modified to perform nonlinear quantization processing with different nonlinear quantization characteristics depending on the frequency component of the input image signal, as in the second embodiment. is there.
- the sixth embodiment is a modification of the fourth and third embodiments.
- the fourth embodiment is the same as the fourth embodiment except for a non-linear quantization circuit, a variable length coding circuit, a variable length decoding circuit and a non-linear inverse quantization circuit.
- the overall configuration of the image signal encoding circuit and the image signal decoding device in the sixth embodiment has the configuration shown in FIGS. 15 (B) and 16 (B).
- the configuration of the nonlinear quantization circuit 70 in the sixth embodiment is the same as that of the third embodiment and is given in FIG.
- the configuration of the nonlinear inverse quantization circuit 71 in the sixth embodiment is the same as that of the third embodiment and is given in FIG. 4 (B).
- the sixth embodiment is a modification of the fourth embodiment, in which the nonlinear quantization characteristics can be adaptively switched on a per-book basis depending on the characteristics of the input image signal, similarly to the third embodiment. This is an example.
- the signal indicating the used non-linear quantization characteristic is variable-length coded and transmitted to the image signal decoding device.
- the image signal decoding device determines the nonlinear inverse quantization characteristic from the transmitted signal indicating the nonlinear quantization characteristic.
- pre-processing and post-processing having non-linear characteristics are performed in cooperation with a signal band in which the S / N ratio tends to worsen due to encoding, thereby effectively improving the S / N ratio Can be improved.
- the signal band where the SN ratio is poor the mosquito noise can be reduced, but the reduction of the fine pattern information of the image can be suppressed, which results in the distortion of the conventional image and the fine pattern of the image.
- Even if it is difficult to distinguish between the two it is possible to suppress the reduction of the pattern in the flat part of the image signal, so that the S / N ratio can be improved and the visual impression can be improved.
- Moving image recording medium and moving image code Device can be realized.
- the distortion in the transform coding is generated by closing in the block used for the transform, the above-described pre-processing and post-processing operations are performed by closing the block for each transform coding.
- propagation of mosquito noise in the time direction can be reduced.
- the conventional motion-compensated prediction is used, noise fluctuations caused by the propagation of distortion noise in the time direction are reduced, and video coding that can improve the visual impression
- a method, a moving image decoding method, a moving image recording medium, and a moving image encoding device can be realized.
- the image signal encoding method and the image signal encoding device of the present invention can be used for a video software creating device for compressing a digital video signal and recording the compressed digital video signal on a recording medium such as a disk or a tape. Further, the image signal encoding method and the image signal encoding device of the present invention are designed to compress digital video signals in systems such as CATV, satellite broadcasting, video conferencing, video telephony, and video on demand. It can be used as a distribution device for sending out to a wired or wireless transmission path.
- the recording medium of the present invention can be used as a digital video disc for general consumers and a digital video disc for rental companies.
- the image signal decoding method and the image signal decoding device of the present invention can be used for a reproducing device for reproducing a disk or a tape on which a compressed video signal is recorded. Further, the image signal decoding method and the image signal decoding apparatus according to the present invention provide a receiving apparatus for reproducing a transmitted compressed video signal in a system such as CATV, satellite broadcasting, video conference, video phone, and video demand. Can be used.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019950702855A KR960700609A (ko) | 1993-11-08 | 1994-11-07 | 동화상 부호화 방법, 동화상 복호화 방법, 동화상 기록 매체 및 동화상 부호화 장치(Animation encoding method, animation decoding method, animation recording medium and animation encoder) |
BR9406469A BR9406469A (pt) | 1993-11-08 | 1994-11-07 | Processo e aparelho para codificar/decodificar sinais de imagem e suporte para gravação de sinais de imagem |
AT94931688T ATE204690T1 (de) | 1993-11-08 | 1994-11-07 | Bildsignalkodierung und -dekodierung |
PL94310055A PL175445B1 (pl) | 1993-11-08 | 1994-11-07 | Sposób i urządzenie do kodowania sygnału wizyjnego |
DE69428034T DE69428034T2 (de) | 1993-11-08 | 1994-11-07 | Bildsignalkodierung und -dekodierung |
US08/481,395 US5748243A (en) | 1993-11-08 | 1994-11-07 | Method for encoding and decoding motion picture as a function of its non-linear characteristic |
EP94931688A EP0679031B1 (en) | 1993-11-08 | 1994-11-07 | Encoding and decoding picture signals |
AU80672/94A AU687915B2 (en) | 1993-11-08 | 1994-11-07 | Animation encoding method, animation decoding method, animation recording medium and animation encoder |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP30356593 | 1993-11-08 | ||
JP5/303565 | 1993-11-08 |
Publications (1)
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WO1995013682A1 true WO1995013682A1 (en) | 1995-05-18 |
Family
ID=17922543
Family Applications (1)
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PCT/JP1994/001868 WO1995013682A1 (en) | 1993-11-08 | 1994-11-07 | Animation encoding method, animation decoding method, animation recording medium and animation encoder |
Country Status (12)
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US (1) | US5748243A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0679031B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR960700609A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1076934C (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE204690T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU687915B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR9406469A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2153407A1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69428034T2 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2159575T3 (ja) |
PL (1) | PL175445B1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1995013682A1 (ja) |
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JP4150730B2 (ja) * | 2005-02-14 | 2008-09-17 | 株式会社東芝 | 画像符号化装置、および画像符号化方法 |
CN100380952C (zh) * | 2005-06-06 | 2008-04-09 | 威盛电子股份有限公司 | 数字影像解码装置及其方法 |
CN100380953C (zh) * | 2005-06-06 | 2008-04-09 | 威盛电子股份有限公司 | 数字影像解码装置及其方法 |
CN100384246C (zh) * | 2005-06-06 | 2008-04-23 | 威盛电子股份有限公司 | 数字影像解码装置及其方法 |
JP4987322B2 (ja) * | 2006-02-28 | 2012-07-25 | 株式会社東芝 | 動画像復号装置及び動画像復号方法 |
CN101098473B (zh) * | 2006-06-30 | 2012-05-09 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | 一种图像编码方法及装置 |
WO2015076140A1 (ja) * | 2013-11-20 | 2015-05-28 | 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 | 画像圧縮伸張装置および画像形成装置 |
JP6669622B2 (ja) * | 2016-09-21 | 2020-03-18 | Kddi株式会社 | 動画像復号装置、動画像復号方法、動画像符号化装置、動画像符号化方法及びコンピュータ可読記録媒体 |
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- 1994-11-07 DE DE69428034T patent/DE69428034T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1994-11-07 US US08/481,395 patent/US5748243A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-11-07 EP EP94931688A patent/EP0679031B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1994-11-07 PL PL94310055A patent/PL175445B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69428034D1 (de) | 2001-09-27 |
EP0679031B1 (en) | 2001-08-22 |
US5748243A (en) | 1998-05-05 |
DE69428034T2 (de) | 2002-04-18 |
BR9406469A (pt) | 1996-01-23 |
ATE204690T1 (de) | 2001-09-15 |
EP0679031A4 (en) | 1999-01-20 |
PL175445B1 (pl) | 1998-12-31 |
PL310055A1 (en) | 1995-11-13 |
CN1076934C (zh) | 2001-12-26 |
CA2153407A1 (en) | 1995-05-18 |
ES2159575T3 (es) | 2001-10-16 |
AU8067294A (en) | 1995-05-29 |
AU687915B2 (en) | 1998-03-05 |
KR960700609A (ko) | 1996-01-20 |
EP0679031A1 (en) | 1995-10-25 |
CN1116480A (zh) | 1996-02-07 |
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