WO1995019502A1 - Micropompe - Google Patents
Micropompe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995019502A1 WO1995019502A1 PCT/IB1995/000028 IB9500028W WO9519502A1 WO 1995019502 A1 WO1995019502 A1 WO 1995019502A1 IB 9500028 W IB9500028 W IB 9500028W WO 9519502 A1 WO9519502 A1 WO 9519502A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- micropump
- pumping chamber
- plate
- outlet
- inlet
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 22
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005459 micromachining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006332 epoxy adhesive Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical class [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B53/10—Valves; Arrangement of valves
- F04B53/1077—Flow resistance valves, e.g. without moving parts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
- A61M5/142—Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps
- A61M5/14212—Pumping with an aspiration and an expulsion action
- A61M5/14224—Diaphragm type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
- F04B43/02—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having plate-like flexible members, e.g. diaphragms
- F04B43/04—Pumps having electric drive
- F04B43/043—Micropumps
- F04B43/046—Micropumps with piezoelectric drive
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B53/10—Valves; Arrangement of valves
- F04B53/1037—Flap valves
- F04B53/1047—Flap valves the valve being formed by one or more flexible elements
- F04B53/1052—Flap valves the valve being formed by one or more flexible elements two flexible elements oscillating around a fixed point
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/02—General characteristics of the apparatus characterised by a particular materials
- A61M2205/0244—Micromachined materials, e.g. made from silicon wafers, microelectromechanical systems [MEMS] or comprising nanotechnology
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/02—General characteristics of the apparatus characterised by a particular materials
- A61M2205/0272—Electro-active or magneto-active materials
- A61M2205/0294—Piezoelectric materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a micropump comprising at least one base plate and a second plate attached to the base plate, at least one of the plates of which is machined so as to define a pumping chamber, at least one member. of fluid inlet control for connecting the pumping chamber to at least one inlet of the micropump, and at least one fluid outlet control member for connecting the pumping chamber to at least one outlet of the micropump, the chamber pump comprising a movable wall machined in one of the plates and capable of being moved in two opposite directions during the aspiration of a fluid from the inlet into the pumping chamber or during the expulsion of this fluid from the pumping chamber towards the outlet, actuation means being provided for moving said movable wall to cause a decrease and an increase periodically in the volume of the pumping chamber, the micropump com ⁇ carrying an internal volume comprising the volume of the pumping chamber, the volume of a space connecting the pumping chamber to the inlet control member and the volume of a space connecting the pumping chamber to the exit control body.
- Such pumps can be used in particular for the in situ administration of drugs, the miniaturisa ⁇ tion of the pump allowing a patient to carry it on himself, or even possibly to receive a pump directly implanted in the body. Furthermore, such pumps allow the dosing of small quantities of fluid to be injected.
- the silicon wafer is etched to form a cavity, which with one of the glass wafers defines the pumping chamber, an inlet or suction valve and at least one outlet or discharge valve putting the pumping chamber in communication with an input channel and an output channel respectively.
- the part of the plate forming a wall of the pumping chamber can be deformed by a control element constituted for example by a pellet or a piezoelectric crystal. This is equipped with two electrodes which, when they are connected to a source of electric voltage, cause deformation of the pad and, consequently, deformation of the wafer, which causes a variation in the volume of the pumping chamber. This movable or deformable wall of the pumping chamber can thus be displaced between two positions.
- the operation of the micropump is as follows. When no electrical voltage is applied to the piezoelectric grid, the inlet and outlet valves are in the closed position. When an electrical voltage is applied, an increase in pressure occurs the pumping chamber which causes the opening of the outlet valve. The fluid contained in the pumping chamber is then discharged towards the outlet channel by the displacement of the deformable wall from a first position to a second position. During this phase, the inlet valve is kept closed by the pressure prevailing in the pumping chamber.
- micropump The operation of this type of micropump is strongly influenced by the compressibility of the fluid contained in the internal volume and in fact such a micropump does not work if it contains too much air; the pumped flow is thus greatly reduced, or even reduced to zero.
- priming such pumps is complicated and requires significant equipment, such as a vacuum pump, priming enclosure or injection device. As a result, priming can only be carried out in a specialized establishment or in the factory during manufacture.
- micropumps are also provided with a device for protection against overpressures at the inlet, which prevents priming by the application of an overpressure.
- the object of the present invention is to create a fully self-priming micropump with complete sealing from the inside of the micropump and which also functions correctly when air or another compressible gas or fluid enters the volume. internal of the micropump.
- said reduction in the volume of the pumping chamber is between 30 and 100% of said internal volume, preferably more than 50%, the volumes of said spaces connecting the pumping chamber to the inlet and outlet control members. being less than 30% of the internal volume, preferably less than 15%.
- the movable wall comprises a rigid central part surrounded by an elastic border of smaller thickness coming from a part with the rigid central part, the latter projecting with respect to the face of the wall.
- mobile which is opposite to the pumping chamber and being intended to cooperate with said actuating means.
- the micropump has at least a third plate attached to the second plate, the actuation means comprise a motor member movably mounted on the third plate, an intermediate piece being disposed between said rigid central door and the motor member. .
- This construction gives the advantage of efficient actuation. Variations in the shape and in the deformation of the drive member, preferably a piezoelectric element have no influence on the shape of the deformable wall.
- the intermediate piece com ⁇ carries a lower face intended to come into contact with said rigid central part having a surface similar to that of the rigid central part.
- the application of the actuating movement is effected over the entire width of the rigid central part which therefore does not undergo any deformation, which allows a very precise eva ⁇ cuation of the pumping chamber.
- the organs for controlling the inlet and / or outlet of the fluid are consti ⁇ killed by at least one valve comprising two membranes usi ⁇ born in the second plate so as to constitute a V-shape in the closed position of the valve, these mem ⁇ branes being capable of separating to form a central opening in the open position of the valve.
- This kind of flap or valve can be very small so that the space connecting the flap to the
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26 ⁇ pumping chamber has an extremely small volume, which greatly enhances the self-priming effect of the micropump.
- the invention also relates to a use as a micropump capable of being implanted in the body of a patient.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a first embodiment of the invention in section along the line I-I of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 2 is a view in horizontal section along line II-II of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 represents a second embodiment in section.
- Figure 4 shows a third embodiment in section.
- FIG. 5 represents a fourth embodiment in section along the line V-V of FIG. 6.
- FIG. 6 is a view in horizontal section along the line VI-VI of FIG. 5.
- Figures 7a) to 7d) illustrate a particular type of valve used, shown in cross sections and in bottom views for the open and closed positions.
- FIG. 8 represents a fifth embodiment in section along the line VIII-VIII of FIG. 9.
- FIG. 9 is a view in horizontal section along the line IX-IX in FIG. 8.
- Figures 10a and 10b show another particular type of valve used in cross section and in plan view.
- the micropump is equipped with one or more inlet valves or with a flow limiter and with an outlet valve. It should be noted, however, that the invention also applies to micropumps comprising several valves arranged between the pumping chamber and the outlet.
- the micropump can also be provided with a plurality of outputs.
- the inlet and outlet valves may be replaced by any other fluid inlet or outlet control member, such as flow limiters.
- the micropump according to the first embodiment comprises a base plate 2, preferably made of glass.
- This base plate 2 is pierced with two channels 4, 5 forming the inlet and outlet pipes of the pump.
- the inlet conduit 4 can be connected to a reservoir, not shown, in which the liquid substance to be pumped is located, for example a medicament to be administered with a precise dosage.
- the micro ⁇ pump can be worn on the patient's body, or even be established.
- the outlet conduit 5 can be connected to an injection needle (not shown) for example.
- the base plate 2 is surmounted by an intermediate plate 6 made of silicon or another material that can be machined by etching using photolithographic techniques. It is attached to the base plate 2 by known bonding techniques, such as the technique known by the English term “anodic bonding" or anodic solder comprising heating to about 300 ° C and the application of a potential difference. about 500V between the pads.
- An upper plate 8 preferably made of glass, is joined by the same techniques to the intermediate plate 6.
- the intermediate silicon wafer 6 may have a crystal orientation ⁇ 100>, in order to lend itself successfully to etching.
- the inserts 2, 6 and 8 are preferably carefully polished. These plates 2, 6, and 8 are then advantageously rendered hydrophilic, in particular in the case where the substance used in the micropump is an aqueous solution. To this end, the silicon wafer 6 can be immersed in boiling HNO3.
- the thicknesses of the plates 2, 6 and 8 can respectively be around 1mm, 0.3mm and 0.8mm for a surface dimension of the plates of the order of 15 by 20 mm.
- the inlet or suction 4 and outlet or discharge 5 conduits are mainly connected by three inlet valves 12, a pumping chamber 14 and an outlet valve 16.
- the inlet valves 12 are illustrated more particularly with reference to FIGS. 7a) to 7d) and each comprise two membranes 18 machined in the silicon wafer 6 so as to form a V shape in the closed position of the valve (fig. 7c) and d)).
- the membranes 18 are capable of separating at their junction to form a central opening 20 in the open position of the valve (fig. 7a) and b)).
- This type of valve obtained by micro-machining is more particularly described by L. Smith and B. Hôk in an article entitled “A silicon self-aligned non reverse valve” published in "Transducers 91, Di- gest of Technical papers, pp. 1049.1051 IEEE catalog number 91CH2817-5, IEEE, piscataway, NJ (1991).
- valves allow a construction of very small size and require only a connecting space 22 of very small volume for the connection to the pumping chamber.
- the phenomenon of microcavitation which appears in the valves of the usual type having a valve cooperating with a seat is avoided. Indeed, in these valves of the usual type, a strong decrease in pressure is observed very locally at the level of the valve seat at the time of the separation of the valve from its seat. This reduction in pressure can give rise to the formation of micro ⁇ bubbles of gas, when the pressure at this location of the liquid becomes lower than the vapor pressure of the latter.
- This drawback cannot appear with the present type of valve 12 with V-shaped membranes because the spacing of the two membranes is done in a smooth manner.
- connection space 22 located under the three inlet valves 12 has a very small volume and is immediately connected to the pumping chamber 14.
- the latter is connected to the outlet valve 16 by a second connection space 24 which surrounds the annular rib 26 of this outlet valve 16.
- This second connection space 24 is preferably also of as small a volume as possible.
- the outlet valve 16 of the conventional type is likewise machined in the silicon wafer 6 and comprises a membrane 28 carrying the annular rib 26 coated with an oxide layer 27 giving the membrane 28 a preload stressing the top of the rib 26 against the lower plate 2 which serves as a valve seat. Oxide layers 30 applied on the other side of the mem ⁇ brane 28 reinforce this prestress.
- the rib 26 delimits a compartment 32 outside the rib 26 communicating with the outlet conduit 5.
- fluid outlet control members can also be provided, such as valves of the V-diaphragm type or, for example, flow limiters.
- the pumping chamber 14 is of substantially circular shape. Its volume is modulated by a pumping membrane page 36 constituting a movable or deformable wall of the pumping chamber 14.
- This movable wall is machined in the silicon wafer 6 and has a central part rigid 38 relatively wide compared to the total width of the pumping membrane 36.
- the diameter of this central part 38 varies between 20 and 90% of the diameter of the pumping membrane 36, preferably between 50 and 80%.
- This rigid central part 38 has a thickness much greater than the annular edge 40 of the pumping mem ⁇ brane. To fix the ideas, the edge 40 has a thickness between 10 and 100 ⁇ m, while the rigid central portion 38 has a thickness which is 10 to 50 ⁇ m less than the total thickness of the plate 6, which gives for example a thickness of 300 ⁇ m.
- This pumping membrane 36 has on its lower surface opposite the wafer 2 zones 42 provided with a thin layer of silicon oxide making it possible to avoid sticking of the membrane 36 to the wafer 2.
- a thin layer of Similar silicon oxide 44 is provided on the upper surface of the rigid central portion 38 for the same purpose.
- Layers of silicon oxide 46, 48 ap ⁇ applied on both sides of the annular edge 40 are intended to give the membrane a certain prestress (not visible) upwards in FIG. 1.
- the rigid central part 38 and the upper plate 8 with which it cooperates constitute abutment elements limiting the suction movement of the pumping membrane 36.
- the inlet or outlet valves 12 and 16 are all arranged on the same side of a fictitious median sur ⁇ face 49 of the wafer 6; the pumping chamber 14 is on the same side of this median surface.
- a device 1 for actuating the pumping membrane 50 on page 36 comprises a motor member in the form of a piezoelectric element 52 provided with electrodes 54, 56 connected to a generator 58 intended to supply an alternating voltage.
- This element may be that sold by the Philips company under the name PXE-52. It is fixed by any suitable means such as bonding or welding, on an elastic blade 60 made of metal, silicon or plas ⁇ tic material.
- This blade 60 is mounted by means of a spacer 62 on the upper plate 8.
- This spacer 62 may be constituted by a support ring made of plastic, metal or silicon. It could also be formed by a predetermined thickness of glue or by glass coming in one piece with the plate 8.
- An intermediate piece 64 in the shape of a pushpin can be made integral by its flat head 66 by any suitable means, such as bonding or welding, of the elastic blade 62. It acts on the rigid central part 38 of the pumping membrane 36 by virtue of its vertical rod 68 passing through the upper plate by a bore 69. There may moreover be a slight clearance or a mechanical stress between the vertical rod 68 and the pumping membrane 36, when the pump is at rest.
- the actuating device 50 comprising a piezoelectric element 52 and an elastic blade 60, may also be replaced by a device comprising two or several contiguous piezoelectric plates or combined piezoceramic and metal discs.
- the piezoelectric element 52 is independent of the pumping membrane 36.
- Hysteresis effects of the piezoelectric element 52 ("piezocreep") or variations or deterioration of this element have no influence on the shape of the pumping membrane 36 considering that the latter is independent of the piezoelectric element 52 and set in motion thanks to the intermediate part 64.
- This construction makes it possible to obtain a large volume of fluid displaced for a diameter given the pumping mem ⁇ brane, considering that the rigid central part 38 acts like a piston.
- the usi ⁇ born parts of the micropump can be further miniaturized while retaining an actuation device of any size, relatively large. This miniaturization of the machined parts makes it possible to lower the production costs.
- the micropump described comprises an internal volume (Vi) comprising the volume (Vp) of the pumping chamber 14, the volume (Ve) of the connection space 22 delimited on one side by the inlet valves 12 and connected the other side to the pumping chamber 14, and the volume (Vs) of the connection space 24 towards the outlet valve, including its annular part surrounding the annular rib 26.
- the actuating means 50 move the wall mobile 26 to cause a periodic variation (_ p), decrease then increase in the volume (Vp) of the pumping chamber 14.
- the decrease in the internal volume (Vi) of the micropump due to the decrease in volume (Vp ) of the pumping chamber is such as a gas, for example air, or any other compressible fluid contained in the internal volume of the micropump is compressed at least to a pressure sufficient to cause the opening of the outlet valve 16 so that this air can be driven from the micropump which is then self-priming.
- the variation or reduction ( ⁇ Vp) of the volume of the pumping chamber 14, caused by the movement of the movable wall 36 is not much lower than the volume (Vp) of the pumping chamber.
- the volume (Ve and Vs) of the connection spaces 22 and 24 must be as small as possible, which can be obtained by micro-machining.
- the variation or decrease ( ⁇ Vp) is between 30 and 100% of the internal volume (Vi), preferably more than 50%.
- the volume (Ve and Vs) of the two connecting spaces 22 and 24 together is advantageously less than 30% of the internal volume (Vi) and preferably less than 15% of this internal volume.
- the embodiment may present a movable wall 36 with a diameter of 7 mm with a rigid central part with a diameter of 5 mm and a vertical displacement of 10 micrometers.
- the variation or decrease in volume ( ⁇ Vp) of the pumping chamber 14 will then be approximately 0.28 mm 3 .
- the volume (Vp) of the pumping chamber being 0.38 mm 3 , that (Ve) of the connection space to the inlet valves 22 of 0.015 mm 3 , that (Vs) of the space 24 to the 0.03 mm outlet valve 3 .
- the internal volume (Vi) will be approxima- 0.43 mm 3 .
- the pressure generated inside the micropump is more than sufficient to make the latter fully self-priming. Thanks to the rigid central part 38 with a large diameter functioning in the manner of a piston and to the very small connecting spaces 22 and 24, it is possible to obtain sufficient pressures inside the micropump to allow a self-priming.
- micropumps which generally include a space of a fairly consi ⁇ able volume on the inside of the inlet valve.
- the internal volume is generally of the order of 3 mm 3
- the variation in volume due to the pumping movement is approximately 0.1 mm 3 with a conventional pumping membrane with a diameter 7 mm.
- Such a micropump cannot in this case operate as soon as a gas partially fills its internal volume entirely. This major drawback of operation and initiation is entirely avoided thanks to the present invention.
- the increase in the internal volume (Vi) of the micropump due to the increase in the volume (Vp) of the pumping chamber 14 is such that the gas, namely the air remaining in the internal volume of the micropump after closing the outlet valve 16 is decompressed to a sufficiently low pressure to cause the opening of the inlet valve (s) 12.
- the thicker rigid central part 36 intended to come into contact with the upper plate 8, forms a stop element opposite to the stop elements constituted by the zones with silicon oxides 42 coming into contact with the base plate 2.
- the suction and expulsion movements of the pumping mem ⁇ brane 36 are thus mechanically controlled on the upper and lower side. This makes it possible to obtain a very precise quantity of substance pumped at each round trip from the membrane.
- the rigid central part 38 is comparable to a piston whose movement is well defined. Since the annular edge 40 of the pumping membrane 36 has a relatively small surface compared to the total surface of the pumping membrane 36, differences in pressure in the pumping chamber 14 cause only slight changes in volume under the pumping membrane 36.
- the oxide zones 42 avoid a bonding effect of the pumping membrane 36 during the anodic welding or a suction effect of this membrane, when the latter moves from its lowest position towards the high.
- Electrical contacts or electrodes not illustrated can be arranged opposite one another on the rigid central part 38 and on the lower surface of the upper plate 8. These contacts are then extended towards the outside of the pump. and connected to an electric circuit not illustrated making it possible to control the operation of the pumping membrane 36 and the aspiration of the fluid. Adequate circuits are for example described in European patent application No. 0.498.863.
- the micropump in accordance with the present invention therefore makes it possible to obtain safe and reliable self-priming.
- the micropump has a very precise dosage at each alternative movement, a dosage which is practically independent of the pressure prevailing in the inlet and outlet conduits, of the performance of the piezoelectric element and of the deteriorations. and known hysteresis phenomena for this kind of actuation device.
- the movement of the pumping membrane is precisely controlled as much by the rigid intermediate piece 38 as the oxide zones 42.
- the flow rate is therefore defined by the machining characteristics of the pumping membrane 36 and by the frequency of the actuator.
- This type of pump allows the use of piezoelectric elements having fairly wide variations in their characteristics. In addition, it is not necessary to calibrate the pumps for each element used.
- valves and the arrangement of valves and outlet and inlet conduits, as well as the pumping chamber can be very different.
- the outlet valve can also be of the type with two V-shaped members.
- the pumping chamber and these valves or fluid control members can also be placed in part or in whole on the base plate, if that seems preferable.
- the valves or control members are then arranged on the side of the plate on which they are machined which is closest to the pumping chamber, the inlet valves 12 opening towards the outside of the plate on which they are located, while the outlet valves 16 open towards the interior of the plate on which they are located.
- the distribution of the oxide zones can be adapted to the desired prestresses for the valves and pumping.
- the actuating device may have a motor member of another type than a piezoelectric element.
- the intermediate piece 64 could have come in one piece with the elastic blade 60 or even with the piezoelectric element. It could also be freely placed between the elastic blade and the pumping membrane.
- the pump may also have one or more screws passing through the upper plate 8 and cooperating at their ends with the rigid central part 38. These screws thus constitute adjustable stop elements allowing the adjustment of the amplitude of the suction movement. .
- Adjustment screws may also be mounted on the blade 60. In addition, it would be possible to mount adjustment screws in the flat head 66 of the intermediate part.
- the second embodiment illustrated in Figure 3 differs from the first embodiment only by the constitution of the actuating device. As a result, elements analogous to the two embodiments bear the same reference numbers and will no longer be described in detail.
- This second embodiment also includes a base plate 2 pierced with inlet conduits 4 and outlet 5 and an upper plate 8. Between these plates 2 and 8 is interposed the intermediate plate 6 in silicon machined by photolitographic techniques to obtain one or more inlet 12 and outlet 16 valves and a pumping chamber 14.
- Thin oxide layers 27, 30, 46, 48 make it possible to obtain predetermined prestresses in the mem- machined silicon brane.
- the pumping chamber 14 is of substantially circular shape and connected by two connecting spaces 22, 24 to the inlet and outlet valves.
- the pumping membrane 36 in the form of a movable, deformable wall comprises a thicker rigid central part 38.
- the actuating device 150 has an elastic metal blade 160 having curved edges 162 forming spacing elements glued to the upper surface of the wafer 8.
- a motor member in the form of a piezoelectric element 152 is fixed by welding or gluing to the blade 160. It acts thanks to an intermediate part 164 on the rigid central part 38 of the pumping membrane 36.
- This intermediate part 164 has a cross section and a lower surface similar to that of the part rigid central unit 38 and is fixed to the latter by any suitable means, such as anodic welding or bonding. Thanks to this intermediate piece 164 of considerable diameter, the pumping membrane 36 is moved vertically without causing deformation over most of its surface. The evacuation of the pumping chamber 14 is therefore particularly effective, which further reinforces the self-priming effect of the microvalve for a given geometry of the internal volume (Vi). In addition, construction and assembly are simple, which lowers the cost price of the micropump.
- the third embodiment shown in Figure 4 differs from the first and second main embodiment- ment by the constitution of the outlet valve 216 and the actuating device 250. Therefore, elements similar to the three embodiments carry the same reference numerals and will no longer be described in detail.
- This third embodiment also includes a base plate 2 provided with inlet conduit 4 and outlet 5 and an upper plate 8. Between these plates 2 and 8 is interposed the intermediate plate 6 in silicon machined by photolitographic techniques to obtain one or more inlet 12 and outlet 216 valves and a pumping chamber 14. Thin layers of oxide 227, 230, 46 and 48 make it possible to obtain predetermined pre ⁇ stresses in the membrane machined silicon.
- the pumping chamber is also of circular shape and connected by connection spaces 22 and 24 to the inlet and outlet valves.
- the upper plate 208 made of glass is in this embodiment of a small thickness of the order of 0.2 mm so that it can be elastically deformed by the piezoelectric element 252, which is fixed by gluing to its upper surface. .
- the piezoelectric element 252 acts by elastic defor ⁇ mation of the glass plate on the rigid central part 38 to obtain the pumping movement.
- This construction does not require drilling the glass plate, therefore faster and easier assembly.
- the outlet valve 216 comprises a non-perforated membrane 228 having an annular rib 226 disposed around the outlet channel 5 and covered with a thin layer of silicon oxide 227.
- This embodiment further comprises a chamber 229 disposed between the membrane 228 and the upper plate 208.
- This chamber 229 can be connected to the inlet conduit 4 and provide protection against overpres ⁇ sion at the entrance to the microvalve closing the outlet conduit 5 in the event of overpressure. It can also be connected to organs for detecting the operation of the valve. Finally, it can also be sealed or re ⁇ linked to the ambient air. This construction requires very good alignment between the annular rib 226 and the outlet conduit 5 which must have a small diameter.
- the fourth embodiment shown in Figures 5 and 6 comprises a base plate 2 having inlet 4 and outlet 5 conduits and a plate 6 of machined silicon, attached to the base plate.
- the inlet conduit 4 is provided with a connector 311 connected to a pipe 313 itself connected to a reservoir 315 in which the substance to be pumped is located.
- the réser ⁇ voir 315 is closed by a pierced cap 317.
- a movable piston 319 isolates the useful volume of the reservoir 315 from the outside.
- the outlet conduit 5 has a connector 321 which can be connected to an injection needle (not shown) by means of a pipe 323.
- this embodiment presents as a control device for the inlet fluid, a flow limiter 312 formed by a duct of very small section connecting the inlet duct 4 directly to the pumping chamber 14.
- the connection space between these two elements therefore has a very small volume here, which is particularly favorable for self-priming.
- the outlet valve 316 is similar to that of the third embodiment and comprises a non-pierced membrane 328 with an annular rib 326 surrounding the outlet duct 5.
- the annular rib 326 is covered with a thin layer 327 of silicon oxide intended to induce a prestress in the membrane 328 urging the annular rib 326 against the base plate 2 which serves as its valve seat.
- the actuating device 350 is constituted by a piezoelectric element 352 bonded directly to the pumping mem ⁇ 336 and connected to a generator 58 intended to supply an alternating voltage.
- the piezoelectric element 352 urges the pumping membrane 336 in direction of the upper surface of the base plate 2 to obtain rapid compression of the fluid or gas contained in the pumping chamber 14 and therefore rapid elevation. sufficient pressure to open the outlet valve and to expel this fluid or gas through the outlet channel 5.
- the operating frequency of the piezoelectric element is in this embodiment with a higher flow limiter, namely between 10 and 100 Hertz instead of 1 to 10 Hertz for the embodiments with valves of Entrance.
- a self-priming current is installed which can evacuate the gas contained in the internal volume (Vi) of the micropump. the outlet duct.
- the variation ( ⁇ Vp) of the volume of the pumping chamber 14 must not be much smaller than the volume (Vp) of the pumping chamber and the internal volume (Vi ) of the micropump.
- the volumes (Ve and Vs) of the connection spaces 322 and 324 to the limiter and to the outlet valve 316 must be as low as possible to obtain effective self-priming.
- the fifth embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 to 10 comprises, like the first embodiment, a base plate 2 made of glass with inlet and outlet conduits 5, an intermediate plate 6 made of silicon machined by etching and an upper plate 8 preferably made of glass.
- This embodiment is provided with two inlet valves 412 which are of the type described in the article by Shoji Sh. Et al., Technical Digest of the 7th Sensor Symposium, 1988, pages 217 to 220.
- these polycrystalline silicon valves are obtained by surface microusining techniques. They comprise an annular structure 418 attached to the plate 6 and connected by four arms 419 to a central piece of obtura ⁇ tion 420 intended to cooperate with a hole 421 provided in the plate 6.
- the outlet valve 16 is of the same type as that described with reference to FIG. 1.
- the pumping membrane 436 has here, however in the rest position, an upwardly curved shape and has a central portion 438 of smaller diameter . Its lower surface directed towards the pumping chamber 14 is provided with a plurality of circular zones 442 of silicon oxide intended for pre- come a bonding or a suction of the membrane 436.
- the broken line 437 indicates the limit of contact between the membrane 436 and the base plate 2.
- This membrane 436 further comprises a recess 439 connecting the connection space 422 to the connecting space 424. This recess 439 is also intended to avoid suction of the membrane 436. It could of course also be provided in the base plate 2.
- the actuating device 450 comprises a piezoelectric element 452 of annular shape attached to the mem ⁇ brane 436 around its central part 438.
- Two electrodes 454 and 456 are connected by wires 457 to an alternating voltage generator.
- the openings 459 in the plate 8 are hermetically closed, for example by means of an epoxy adhesive or a weld.
- the membrane 436 moves downwards in FIG. 8 to have an almost flat shape, which makes it possible to obtain an excellent compression ratio of the pumping chamber page 1 which then has a very small residual volume.
- the height of the bending of the pumping membrane 436 therefore corresponds substantially to the pumping displacement of this membrane.
- This domed shape of the membrane 436 can be obtained by putting under pressure the chamber 460 located above the hermetically closed membrane. It could also be obtained by applying to its upper surface an oxide layer inducing an adequate pre-stress of deformation. It should be noted that a membrane thus curved upwards could also be very advantageous in the other four embodiments described above.
- the polycrystalline silicon valves 412 could also be used in the context of the other four embodiments and as an outlet valve. Micro-machining of these valves could also be obtained with other materials, such as silicon nitride or metals used in electroplating.
- the central piece 438 serving as an opening stop could also be missing, but in the present case it is useful for increasing pumping precision and as a safety element to prevent rupture of the pumping membrane 436 during overpressure in the inlet channel 4.
- the five described embodiments allow, thanks to a self-priming effect, to evacuate the air entering the pump by observing only a temporary decrease in the pumping rate until the all of the air has been drawn to the outlet of the micropump.
- the embodiments described are particularly suitable for the administration of drugs and for implantation in the body of a patient.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP51893695A JP3948493B2 (ja) | 1994-01-14 | 1995-01-12 | マイクロポンプ |
EP95904674A EP0739451B1 (fr) | 1994-01-14 | 1995-01-12 | Micropompe |
CA002181084A CA2181084C (fr) | 1994-01-14 | 1995-01-12 | Micropompe |
US08/676,146 US5759014A (en) | 1994-01-14 | 1995-01-12 | Micropump |
DE69500529T DE69500529T2 (de) | 1994-01-14 | 1995-01-12 | Mikropumpe |
AU13263/95A AU679311B2 (en) | 1994-01-14 | 1995-01-12 | Micropump |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH117/94-1 | 1994-01-14 | ||
CH00117/94A CH689836A5 (fr) | 1994-01-14 | 1994-01-14 | Micropompe. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1995019502A1 true WO1995019502A1 (fr) | 1995-07-20 |
Family
ID=4179641
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB1995/000028 WO1995019502A1 (fr) | 1994-01-14 | 1995-01-12 | Micropompe |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5759014A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0739451B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP3948493B2 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU679311B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2181084C (fr) |
CH (1) | CH689836A5 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69500529T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2107908T3 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1995019502A1 (fr) |
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- 1995-01-12 CA CA002181084A patent/CA2181084C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-01-12 EP EP95904674A patent/EP0739451B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-12 JP JP51893695A patent/JP3948493B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-01-12 DE DE69500529T patent/DE69500529T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (12)
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WO1997029283A1 (fr) * | 1996-02-09 | 1997-08-14 | Westonbridge International Limited | Filtre micro-usine pour micropompe |
US5997263A (en) * | 1996-02-09 | 1999-12-07 | Westonbridge International Limited | Micromachined filter for a micropump |
CN1118628C (zh) * | 1996-02-09 | 2003-08-20 | 威斯顿布里奇国际有限公司 | 用于微型泵的微加工过滤器 |
WO1998014707A1 (fr) * | 1996-10-03 | 1998-04-09 | Westonbridge International Limited | Dispositif fluidique micro-usine et procede de fabrication |
US6237619B1 (en) | 1996-10-03 | 2001-05-29 | Westonbridge International Limited | Micro-machined device for fluids and method of manufacture |
FR2757906A1 (fr) * | 1996-12-31 | 1998-07-03 | Westonbridge Int Ltd | Micropompe avec piece intermediaire integree |
WO1998029661A1 (fr) * | 1996-12-31 | 1998-07-09 | Westonbridge International Limited | Micropompe avec piece intermediaire integree |
US6309189B1 (en) | 1996-12-31 | 2001-10-30 | Westonbridge International Limited | Micropump with a built-in intermediate part |
WO1999009321A1 (fr) * | 1997-08-20 | 1999-02-25 | Westonbridge International Limited | Micropompe comprenant un organe de controle d'entree permettant son auto-amorcage |
US7645383B2 (en) | 1997-09-26 | 2010-01-12 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Microstructured filter |
US7204961B2 (en) * | 1998-03-04 | 2007-04-17 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Liquid feed apparatus and automatic analyzing apparatus |
DE102004011726A1 (de) * | 2004-03-05 | 2005-09-22 | Ing. Erich Pfeiffer Gmbh | Dosiervorrichtung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5759014A (en) | 1998-06-02 |
AU1326395A (en) | 1995-08-01 |
AU679311B2 (en) | 1997-06-26 |
CA2181084C (fr) | 2004-09-14 |
ES2107908T3 (es) | 1997-12-01 |
CA2181084A1 (fr) | 1995-07-20 |
EP0739451A1 (fr) | 1996-10-30 |
DE69500529D1 (de) | 1997-09-11 |
CH689836A5 (fr) | 1999-12-15 |
JPH09512075A (ja) | 1997-12-02 |
DE69500529T2 (de) | 1998-03-12 |
JP3948493B2 (ja) | 2007-07-25 |
EP0739451B1 (fr) | 1997-08-06 |
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