WO1995023411A1 - Procede et dispositif d'enregistrement des donnees, support d'enregistrement de donnees et procede et dispositif de reproduction des donnees - Google Patents
Procede et dispositif d'enregistrement des donnees, support d'enregistrement de donnees et procede et dispositif de reproduction des donnees Download PDFInfo
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- WO1995023411A1 WO1995023411A1 PCT/JP1995/000026 JP9500026W WO9523411A1 WO 1995023411 A1 WO1995023411 A1 WO 1995023411A1 JP 9500026 W JP9500026 W JP 9500026W WO 9523411 A1 WO9523411 A1 WO 9523411A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/79—Processing of colour television signals in connection with recording
- H04N9/80—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback
- H04N9/804—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback involving pulse code modulation of the colour picture signal components
- H04N9/8042—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback involving pulse code modulation of the colour picture signal components involving data reduction
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- G11B27/28—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording
- G11B27/30—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording on the same track as the main recording
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- G11B27/32—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording on separate auxiliary tracks of the same or an auxiliary record carrier
- G11B27/327—Table of contents
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- H03M13/35—Unequal or adaptive error protection, e.g. by providing a different level of protection according to significance of source information or by adapting the coding according to the change of transmission channel characteristics
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- G11B2020/1265—Control data, system data or management information, i.e. data used to access or process user data
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- H04N2005/91321—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection by adding a copy protection signal to the video signal the copy protection signal being a copy protection control signal, e.g. a record inhibit signal
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- H04N5/84—Television signal recording using optical recording
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- H04N9/804—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback involving pulse code modulation of the colour picture signal components
- H04N9/806—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback involving pulse code modulation of the colour picture signal components with processing of the sound signal
- H04N9/8063—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback involving pulse code modulation of the colour picture signal components with processing of the sound signal using time division multiplex of the PCM audio and PCM video signals
- H04N9/8066—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback involving pulse code modulation of the colour picture signal components with processing of the sound signal using time division multiplex of the PCM audio and PCM video signals with insertion of the PCM audio signals in the vertical blanking interval of the PCM video signal
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a data recording method and apparatus, a data recording medium, a data reproducing method and apparatus, for example, a video based on IS0111172 (MPEG1) or IS013818 (MPEG2). It can be applied to data, audio data, subtitle data, or those that record and reproduce multiple data or data produced on a computer.
- MPEG1 MPEG1
- MPEG2 IS013818
- CIRC Cross Interleaved Reed-Solomon Code
- the additional information data is different from the originally reproducible data, and requires a short time from when the data is read from the data recording medium to when it can be used.
- the error correction process is different from the error correction process.
- the most necessary additional information data for randomly accessing the data recording medium is information indicating the position of the data in the data recording medium, that is, an address.
- audio data is recorded on compact discs, etc. This is a data recording medium created for the purpose of identifying each read unit (sector) of data in the data recording medium because information is recorded at a fixed bit rate.
- the information (address) was represented by numerical values based on hours, minutes, seconds and frames, that is, information on the elapsed playback time from the beginning of the playback data (time code).
- the increase in the elapsed playback time information (time code) of the audio data on the disc increases the data recording of the data on the disc. It is proportional to the increase in the distance (address) from the start position of the medium.
- specifying each unit of reading (sector) of data on the data recording medium can be performed in hours, minutes, seconds and frames. It can be substituted by specifying the elapsed playback time.
- this address based on hours, minutes, seconds and frames is expressed as a hexadecimal number or a hexadecimal number using a hexadecimal number using the number of frames per second. It could not be used as it is as a data recording medium used in a computer system based on addressing specified by. Therefore, in the MD (Minidisk TM) standard and the like, a binary binary format is used as an address for specifying a sector. In this case, it is not possible to directly search using the elapsed playback time information (time code). However, since the information is recorded at a fixed bit rate on a mini disc, etc., a binary binder is used. The conversion from the sector address in the re-format to the elapsed playback time information (time code) can be realized by performing a proportional calculation.
- the bit rate of the information changes, it is not possible to calculate the correspondence between the playback elapsed time information expressed in the conventional hours, minutes, seconds and frames and the sector address.
- the bit rate of the information changes, even if the time code is used as the sector address, the elapsed playback time information (data) is displayed at the high and low bit rates.
- the rate of increase in the time code changes, and there are two or more sectors with the same elapsed time information (time code) or the elapsed time information (time code) of two adjacent sectors. May not always be the next number, so specify the position of the data on the data storage medium. There was a problem that it was inappropriate as a sector address.
- video data to be recorded on a data recording medium is defined by IS 0 1 1 1 7 2-2 (MPEG 1 Video) or IS 0 1 3 1 8-2 (MPEG 2 Video). Conformance may be recorded.
- decoding from an arbitrary position in the bit stream is not always possible and decoding must be performed from the I-victory.
- data reading is started from an arbitrary position by performing a search or the like on a data recording medium, data reading does not always start from the start position of the I-picture. There is a problem that data cannot be used until the picture reaches the I picture, and decoding cannot be started during that time.
- the picture header of the video data includes a temporano reference that indicates the display order. Is described. There was no specific way to allow users to search by specifying a temporary reference number.
- management information on the handling of duplication such as copyrights, that is, information that prohibits or permits duplication of data on data recording media
- copyrights that is, information that prohibits or permits duplication of data on data recording media
- Only bits have been written. Therefore, there are only two ways to determine whether copying is prohibited or permitted. Therefore, whether copying is possible after conversion to analog data, whether copying is possible with digital data,
- coby light management or limit the generation of coby by combining multiple conditions such as whether data output to user equipment was possible and whether audio data was output to audio-visual equipment other than computers.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and provides a data recording method and apparatus, a data recording medium, and a data reproducing apparatus which can solve the conventional problems at once and can greatly improve the usability as a whole. It proposes a method and a device.
- a method for reproducing data as a subcode separately from data for each sector is provided. Recorded additional information.
- a data recording device for recording data on a data recording medium in units of sectors, separately from data to be recorded for each sector, additional data for data reproduction may be used.
- a sub-code generating means for generating a sub-code and a sub-code adding means for recording data and sub-code for each sector are provided.
- a subcode as additional information for data reproduction is recorded separately from data for each sector. I made it.
- a data recording medium in which sub-codes as additional information for data reproduction are recorded separately from the data for each sector.
- the sub-code recorded for each sector is reproduced separately from the reproduction of the data recorded for each sector, and the data reproduction is controlled.
- Main data reproducing means for reproducing data recorded for each sector in a data reproducing apparatus for reproducing a data recording medium on which a subcode as additional information for data reproduction is recorded separately from data for each data
- Sub-code reproducing means for reproducing the sub-code recorded for each sector, and controlling the reproduction of data by the main data reproducing means based on the sub-code reproduced by the sub-code reproducing means.
- a control means is provided.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an embodiment of a data recording apparatus according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an embodiment of a data reproducing apparatus according to the present invention
- FIG. FIG. 3 is a chart for explaining a sector structure as an embodiment of a data recording format according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining user data in the sector structure of the data recording format of FIG.
- Fig. 5 is a chart for explaining the synchronization pattern in the sector structure of the data recording format of Fig. 3.
- FIG. 6 is a chart showing a structure in which a time code is added to a subcode in the sector structure of the data recording format of FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a table showing a structure in which element report information is added to a subcode in the sector structure of the data recording format of FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a table showing a structure in which picture header information is added to a subcode in the sector structure of the data recording format of FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a table showing a structure for adding a reference to a subcode in the sector structure of the data recording format of FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a chart showing a structure in which copy write management information is added to subcodes in the sector structure of the data recording format of FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a chart showing the contents of the time code added as a subcode of FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a chart showing the contents of the time code added as a subcode of FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a chart showing the contents of the time code added as a subcode of FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a chart showing the contents of picture header information added as a subcode in FIG.
- FIG. 15 is a chart showing the contents of the picture header information added as a subcode of FIG.
- FIG. 16 is a chart showing the contents of the victim header information added as a subcode of FIG.
- FIG. 17 is a chart showing picture types as the picture header information in FIGS. 15 and 16.
- FIG. I8 is a chart showing another structure of the subcode in the sector structure of the data recording format of FIG.
- FIG. 19 is a table showing the contents of copy-write information added as a subcode of FIG.
- FIG. 20 is a chart showing the contents of the coby code of FIG.
- FIG. 21 is a chart showing the contents of the layer information added as the subcode of FIG.
- FIG. 22 is a table showing the contents of the number of layers of the layer information in FIG.
- FIG. 23 is a chart showing the contents of the layer numbers of the layer information in FIG.
- FIG. 24 is a chart showing the contents of the aggregation identification number added as the subcode of FIG. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- the data recording medium is a medium capable of recording and storing data such as a compact disk, a magneto-optical disk, a hard disk, and the like.
- video data, audio data, Caption data or user data consisting of data produced on multiple data editors and additional information consisting of subcodes, etc., are data with a sector structure as shown in Fig. 3. Recorded in the variable data rate.
- the size of the user data in the I sector is selected to be 24048 bytes.
- one packet does not extend over user data of a plurality of sectors. Therefore, the length of one packet is up to a maximum of 2,048 bytes, and the user data of each sector is limited.
- the header is always added.
- a 4-byte synchronization pattern consisting of a fixed pattern is attached at the beginning of one sector, as shown in Fig. 5, so that the beginning of the sector can be detected.
- C R C for the following subcode
- Cyclic Redundancy Check A code is calculated and added in two bytes. Following the CRC, a subcode consisting of various identification information about the user data is attached ( This subcode is 14 bytes. Following the sub-code, the above-mentioned user data is added, and the sub-code, CRC, and CRC code for the user data are calculated and added in 4 bytes.
- the 4-byte CRC code obtained from the subcode, CRC and user data is called EDC.
- Such synchronization patterns, subcodes, CRCs, user data, and EDCs are interleaved in the interleave direction using a cross interleaved reed-solomon (Cross Interleaved Reed-Solomon) code.
- ECC Error Correction Code
- the subcode contents include a 4-byte time code in addition to a 4-byte sector number (sector address).
- Code information Figure 6
- 1-byte entry point information Figure 7
- 1-byte picture header information Figure 8
- 2-byte temporal reference information Figure 8
- the subcode uses the sector number and time code information, the position of each sector can be determined even if the data recording medium is a variable data rate.
- This makes it possible to specify a sector address suitable as a data recording medium used in a computer system, and to easily perform search / playback using time code information. Use can be expanded.
- As the data format of the time code information there is a method using time code of hour, minute, second, 1/10 second and 1/100 second as shown in Fig. 11. This is a data format that can be commonly used as time code for video data, audio data, and subtitle data.
- time code information of only video data there is a method using time code of hours, minutes, seconds and the number of frames of a video signal as shown in FIG.
- BCD Binary Coded Decimal
- the data format of the time code information is a time code format defined in ISO 13188-2 (MPEG 2 Video).
- ISO 13188-2 MPEG 2 Video
- the analysis of the time code included in the video data and the time code included in the additional information can be performed by the same method, so that the analysis circuit or the analysis program can be shared.
- this field is described in binary, the time code information can be written with a smaller amount of information than writing the time code described in the BCD in the additional information, and the sub code can be written. If the code is fixed length, other information can be added accordingly.
- the entry point information included in the subcode shown in Fig. 7 is flag information that stands only in the sector including the start position of the I picture. That is, flag information that stands only in the sector including the start position of the I-picture is provided, and the data is detected by the data reproducing device and data reading is started, so that decoding is immediately performed from the start position of the I-picture. This makes it possible to start playback from a high-speed search operation.
- the picture header information to be included in the subcode shown in Fig. 8 includes the picture header flag information that stands only in the sector including the ⁇ start position as shown in Fig. 14 in one bit.
- the picture type (I / PB) information is appended with two bits, or both the header header and the visual type are attached as shown in Fig. 16.
- I picture, P picture, and B picture are respectively assigned by 2 bits as shown in Fig. 17.
- the 2-bit signal indicates the P-picture.
- the 2-bit signal indicates the P-picture.
- Bok showing a B picture relevant Ya are respectively applied as a subcode over de.
- the playback device detects this and controls the data reading, so that the end of the picture can be obtained. It is possible to start reading data from the head position, and to select and reproduce the desired and non-decoded victims according to the victim type, and to the subcode shown in Fig. 9.
- the temporal reference information to be inserted is the bit stream specified in IS 0 1 1 1 7 2 -2 (MPEG 1 Video) or IS 0 1 3 8 1 8-2 (MPEG 2 Video). This is the temporal reference in the middle layer, indicating the display order of each picture. In this way, the information of the temporal reference is provided in the subcode, and the data reproducing device detects the information and starts reading the data, whereby the picture of the temporal reference number specified by the user is obtained. Can be accessed.
- the copy light management information to be included in the subcode shown in Fig. 10 is the handling of copy light for digital video, analog video, digital audio, and analog audio, each of which is 1 byte. Attached. By adding one byte of copy-write management information as a sub-code, copy-write management combining multiple conditions according to the intentions of the data creator or recorder. It can be performed.
- the sub-head can also be in the form shown in Figure 18.
- the sub-code contains the following information: copy light information, layer information, sector number (sector address), track number, application identification number, If application information is used, it is possible to use a single sub-code structure to respond to various applications.
- the copy light information shown in FIG. 18 indicates, as shown in FIG. 19, an attribute related to the copy of the user data included in the corresponding sector by two bits of the copy code. As shown in Fig. 20, the copy code is assigned 2-bit attributes of "copy free”, “permit one generation copy”, and "copy prohibited”.
- Layer information means that if a disc is composed of multiple layers, the disc containing the relevant sector is composed of several layers, and the layer containing the relevant sector is the total number of layers. Is the number.
- the layer information shown in Fig. 18 is the 3-bit field of "number of layers" and "layer number”, as shown in Fig. 21. It is represented by C. As shown in Fig. 22, “Number of layers” is recorded as 1 when the disk containing the sector is composed of a single layer, and is recorded when the disk containing the sector is composed of two layers. Has 2 recorded. Items other than 1 and 2 are reserved.
- Layer number is recorded as 0 when the layer containing the corresponding sector is the first layer, and 1 is recorded when it is the second layer. Other than 0 and 1 are reserved.
- the track numbers shown in Fig. 18 implement the mechanism of the tracks used for finding the beginning of a song on a compact disc.
- a track is defined as a set of consecutive sectors on a disk, and a track number is added.
- the application identification number shown in Fig. 18 is used to classify the content of the information written in the user data part of the corresponding sector shown in Fig. 3 for each application. .
- the application By recording different numbers for the session identification numbers, data can be easily separated during playback. It is also used to define the type of information recorded in the application information recorded after the application identification number.
- Figure 24 is an example of an application identification number definition.
- the application identification number is 0, all subsequent application information is recorded as 0.
- the application identification number is 1, the DVD (digital video disk) data is recorded in the user data of the corresponding sector and the DVD is recorded in the application information.
- Important information is written. For example, information on the entry point described with reference to FIG. 7, which is very important information in the MPEG format used in DVDs, is recorded.
- the application identification number is 2
- the audio data is recorded in the user data of the corresponding sector, and the application information is recorded as being important in the audio. For example, the sampling frequency and bit length of audio data are recorded to assist the operation of the player.
- video data, audio data, subtitle data, or a plurality of data or data produced on a computer are recorded in units of sectors, and sub-codes are recorded for each sector.
- time code information, entry point information, victim header information, temporal reference information, or track numbers are added.
- reference numeral 1 denotes an entire data recording apparatus according to the present invention described above with reference to FIGS. 3 to 17 and FIGS. 18 to 24. 1 shows a data recording device for realizing data recording.
- the data recording apparatus 1 of this embodiment multiplexes data produced in advance on video data, audio data, subtitle data, or a program composed of a plurality of data or data produced on a computer, and performs sub-code processing. And the like, and are recorded on the data recording medium 19.
- the master data transmission device 2 receives the instruction of the control device 20 and converts the video data, audio data and subtitle data produced in advance into a video encoder 5, an audio encoder 6 and a subtitle respectively. Send it to Encoder7.
- the master data transmission device 2 is composed of, for example, a commercial video tape player. If there is time code information along with the video data, audio data, and subtitle data, the master data transmission device 2 transmits the time code information to the time code information switching circuit 10. I do.
- the computer 3 receives a command from the control device 20 and sends out computer data to be recorded on the data recording medium 19 to the computer interface 4.
- the computer interface 4 converts the electrical characteristics, signal format, data format, and the like of the information sent from the computer 3, and sends the same information to the multiplexing circuit 8.
- the video encoder 5 specifies the video data transmitted from the master data transmission device 2 in accordance with ISO 11172-2 (MPEG 1 Video) or IS 0 13 18 18-2 (MPEG 2 Video).
- the data is coded according to the specified coding procedure and sent to the multiplexing circuit 8.
- entry point information indicating the location where the I-picture data is located
- picture header information indicating the location where the picture header is located
- picture type information indicating the type of picture
- text indicating the display order of each picture. Sends imperial reference to subcode encoder 11.
- the audio encoder 6 receives the audio data sent from the master data transmitting device 2 as it is, or outputs IS 0 1 1 1 7 2 — 3 (MPEG 1 Audio), IS (MPEG 2 Audio) or MD (minidisk) standards It is encoded according to the encoding procedure specified by ATRAC (Adaptive Transform Acousitc Coding) and sent to the multiplexing circuit 8.
- the caption encoder 7 sends the caption data sent from the master data sending device 2 to the multiplexing circuit 8 as it is or by performing run-length compression.
- the multiplexing circuit 8 converts the data sent from the video encoder 5, the smart encoder 6, the subtitle encoder 7 and the computer interface 4 into an ISO 11 17 2-1 (MPEG 1 System) or multiplex according to IS 0 1 3 8 1 8 — 1 (MPEG 2 System).
- the control unit 20 upon receiving an instruction from the control unit 20 indicating the processing unit of data that can be read from or written to the data recording medium 19, i.e., the size of the user data for one sector, the number of data units is one.
- the multiplexing is performed so that the bucket does not span the user data of a plurality of sectors, and the multiplexed user data is sent to the subcode adding circuit 15.
- a sector boundary signal indicating the boundary between the sector and the sector is also sent to the subcode adding circuit 15.
- the time code information generator 9 receives a command from the control device 20 and generates time code information.
- the time code information switching circuit 10 selects the time code information sent from the master data transmission device 2 and the time code information sent from the time code information generator 9. And sends it to subcode encoder 11. However, if the time code information is transmitted from the master data transmission device 2, the time code information is transmitted. If the time code information is not transmitted from the master data transmission device 2, the time code information is transmitted. Then, the time code information sent from the time code information generator 9 is selected.
- the sub-code encoder 11 encodes the sector number information sent from the control device 20 and other additional information into a predetermined format, and sends it to the CRC encoder 12.
- the additional information includes the copy light management information, the time code information switching circuit, the time code information sent from the switching circuit 10, and the entry point information sent from the video encoder 5.
- the CRC encoder 12 calculates the CRC of the subcode information sent from the subcode encoder 11, adds the CRC data to the subcode information, calculates the EDC, adds it, and adds the synchronization pattern.
- Send to additional circuit 13 The synchronization pattern adding circuit 13 adds the synchronization pattern shown in FIG. 5 and sends it to the sub-code buffer 14.
- the sub-code adding circuit 15 inserts the sub-code information read from the sub-code buffer 14 at the boundary of each sector in the data sent from the multiplexing circuit 8. The insertion position is based on the sector boundary signal sent from the multiplexing circuit 8.
- the ECC encoder 16 uses the multiplexed data sent from the subcode addition circuit 15 to calculate the C1 and C2 parity, that is, the ECC, using the read solomon code. Then, it is added to the multiplexed data and sent to the modulation circuit 17.
- the modulation circuit 17 is a circuit that modulates the data sent from the ECC encoder 16 into a signal format that can be recorded on the data recording medium 19. For example, an EFM (Eighth to Fourteen Modulatio) is used. on).
- the writing device 18 electrically, magnetically, optically, and physically records the signal sent from the modulation circuit I 7 on the data recording medium 19.
- the parity is added by calculating the ECC after adding the subcode to the multiplexed data, but after adding the ECC to the multiplexed data sent from the multiplexing circuit 8, the subcode is added. May be added.
- the control device 20 sends a sending command to the master data sending device 2 and the computer 3 in accordance with the editing command from the user, and also sends a read / write processing unit of the data recording medium 19 to the multiplexing circuit 8, that is, The time code generation instruction is sent to the time code information generator 9.
- the control device 20 sends a switching command to the time code switching circuit 10 and, at the same time, a command relating to copy light management, a layer information, a track number, and an application program from an input device (not shown).
- the control device 20 issues a data transmission command to the master data transmission device 2 or the computer 3 in accordance with the editing command from the user. It also instructs the multiplexing circuit 8 on the size of the sector. In addition, it generates sector number information for recording in sub-codes, co-write management information, layer information, track numbers, application identification numbers, and application information. Feed to the encoder 1 1. If there is no time code information transmitted from the master data transmission device 2, the control device 20 instructs the time code information generator 9 according to a command from the user, and Generates time code information.
- the video encoder 5 encodes the input video signal in accordance with IS 0 1 1 1 7 2 — 2 (MPEG 1 Video) or IS ⁇ 3 18 18 -2 (MPEG 2 Video) and obtains the obtained video signal.
- the video data is sent to the multiplexing circuit 8.
- the type of the encoded picture (I picture / P picture / B picture) and the temporal reference are sent to the sub-code encoder 11.
- information indicating the presence of the picture header that is, the picture header information
- information indicating the entry point information
- the audio encoder 6 and the subtitle encoder 7 encode the input audio signal and subtitle signal, respectively, and send them to the multiplexing circuit 8.
- the multiplexing circuit 8 converts the data sent from the video encoder 5, the audio encoder 6 and the subtitle encoder 7 into IS 0 1 1 1 7 2-1 (MPEG 1 System) or IS 0 1 3 8 1 Multiplex according to 8-1 (MPEG 2 System).
- the user data packetized for each sector by the multiplexing circuit 8 is sent to the sub-code adding circuit 15 and the CRC encoder 12.
- the multiplexing circuit 8 outputs a sector boundary signal which becomes "1" only when transmitting the first byte of user data, that is, a sector boundary, and becomes "0" otherwise.
- the subcode encoder 11 creates subcode data according to the subcode structure shown in FIGS. 6 to 10 or FIGS. 18 to 24. That is, from the transmitted data, a sector number and a time code (FIG. 6), or a sector number and an entry point information (FIG. 7), or a sector number and a picture header information (FIG. 8), Or by sector number and temporal reference ( Figure 9), or by sector number and copy management information (Figure 10), or as shown in Figure 18 with copy light information, layer information, and sector number.
- a sub-code is composed of the track number, the track identification number, the application identification number, and the application information, and is transmitted to the CRC encoder 12.
- the CRC encoder calculates the CRC of the sub-code data received from the sub-code encoder 11, and adds the CRC immediately before the sub-code data. Further, the CRC encoder 12 calculates the EDC from the user data supplied from the multiplexing circuit 8 and the sub-code data to which the CRC is added, and calculates the EDC together with the sub-code data to which the CRC data is added. To the synchronous pattern adding circuit 13.
- the synchronization pattern adding circuit 13 adds a synchronization pattern (FIG. 5) immediately before the CRC added to the sub-code data sent to the sub-code buffer 14.
- the subcode buffer 14 holds the continuous data and EDC in which the received synchronization pattern, CRC and subcode data are continuous, and sends them to the subcode addition circuit 15 according to the request of the subcode addition circuit 15. .
- the subcode adding circuit 15 uses the sector boundary signal sent from the multiplexing circuit 8 as a clue, and sends the corresponding synchronous pattern, CRC and subcode data to the subcode buffer 14 in succession. Request and multiplex those data It is inserted just before the user data sent from the route 8 and EDC is added immediately after the user data, and sent to the ECC encoder 16.
- the ECC encoder 16 calculates the ECC of the multiplexed data sent from the subcode adding circuit 15, adds it to the multiplexed data, and sends it to the modulation circuit 17.
- the modulation circuit 17 modulates the data sent from the ECC encoder 16 and sends it to the writing device 18.
- the writing device 18 records the data sent to the data recording medium 19 on the data recording medium 19.
- a sub-code added to each sector is provided.
- Time code, event point information, picture header information, temporal reference, copy light management information, layer information, track number, application number By generating and attaching a subcode based on an application identification number or application information, it is possible to realize a data recording device capable of adding useful subcode information on the reproducing side with a simple configuration. .
- FIG. 2 21 is the data recorded as a whole in the data recording format according to the present invention described above with reference to FIGS. 3 to 1 ⁇ or FIGS. 18 to 24.
- a data reproducing device that reads video data, audio data, subtitle data, or data produced on a plurality of data converters together with additional information from the recording medium 19, and reproduces the data using the information. Show.
- the drive unit 22 mechanically mounts and unmounts the data recording medium 19, and also reads the signal from the data recording medium 19.
- a magnetic head or a magneto-optical head reads a signal from the data recording medium 19 using a pickup, and sends a reproduction signal obtained as a result to the demodulation circuit 23. .
- the demodulation circuit 23 demodulates the signal supplied from the drive unit 22 and demodulates the signal. Data to the ECC decoder 24.
- the demodulation method is a demodulation method corresponding to the modulation method of the modulation circuit 16 in the data recording device of FIG. 1, for example, EFM demodulation.
- the ECC decoder 24 calculates and detects whether there is an error in the multiplexed data and the ECC based on the multiplexed data sent from the demodulation circuit 23 and the C1 of the ECC or the C1 and C2 of the ECC. Then, the correctable error is corrected, the ECC is removed, and the multiplexed data in which the error has been detected and corrected is transmitted to the subcode extraction device 26. At this time, the ECC decoder 24 adds an error flag to the output multiplexed data, for example, in units of 8 bits. The error flag is set to 0 when there is no error in the 8-bit multiplexed data or when error correction is completely performed, and is set to 1 when error correction is not possible.
- the sub-code extraction device 26 extracts the sub-code data and CRC from the multiplexed data for one sector sent from the ECC decoder 24 based on the synchronization pattern to obtain a CRC checker 35 And the multiplexed data including the subcode from the ECC decoder 24 to the ring buffer 27.
- the CRC checker 35 calculates the CRC added to the subcode data sent from the subcode extraction device 26 and checks for errors. If there is no error, the subcode data is sub-coded. The subcode data is sent to the sub buffer 25, and if there is an error, the subcode data is not sent to the sub code buffer 25. The sub-code buffer 25 temporarily holds the sub-code data, and sends the sub-code data to the control device 33 in response to a request from the control device 33.
- the ring buffer 27 is a memory for absorbing the rate fluctuation due to the variable rate, has a FIFO memory inside, and stores the multiplexed data and the multiplexed data sent from the subcode extraction device 26. It buffers the error flags temporarily and sends their data to the demultiplexer 28 as required by the demultiplexer 28.
- the subcode information is extracted immediately after the error correction is performed in the configuration of the present embodiment, for example, the subcode information may be extracted immediately before the error correction.
- the demultiplexer 28 converts the data sent from the ring buffer 27 into I SOI 1 1 7 2 — 1 (MPEG 1 System) or IS 0 1 3 8 1 8 — 1 (MPEG 2 System) as specified in the video bitstream, audio bitstream, subtitle bit Break it down into streams, sub-code data and other bitstreams.
- the sub-code data is sent to the video decoder 29 for the video bitstream, to the audio decoder 30 for the audio bitstream, to the subtitle decoder 31 for the subtitle bitstream.
- Is sent to the controller 33, and the other bitstreams are sent to the computer interface 34, assuming that they are computer data.
- the video decoder 29 sends the video bit stream sent from the demultiplexer 28 to IS 0 1 1 1 7 2 — 2 (MPEG 1 Video) or IS 0 1 3 8 1 8-2 (MPEG 2 Video ) And sends it out to the boost processor 32 (the audio decoder 30 decodes the audio bit stream sent from the demultiplexer 28 into IS 0 1 1 1 7 2-3 (MPEG 1 Audio) or IS 0 1 3 8 1 8-3 Decodes according to (MPEG 2 Audio), and decodes the decoded digital audio signal to digital audio output terminal and D / A converter 3 7 Output to the digital audio output terminal can also be prevented by a command from the controller 33.
- the caption decoder 31 expands the caption bitstream sent from the demultiplexer 28 if it has been run-length compressed, and sends it to the boost processor 32.
- the boost processor 32 superimposes the subtitle data transmitted from the subtitle decoder 31 on the video data transmitted from the video decoder 29, and converts the digital video signal subjected to the imposition processing into digital data. Output to digital video output terminal and DZA / NTSC converter 36. In addition, according to a command from the control device 33, it is possible not to output to the digital video output terminal.
- the control device 33 based on various instructions from the user input from an input device (not shown), controls the ECC decoder 24, the demultiplexer 28, the video decoder 29, the subtitle decoder 31, the host Controls D-sensor 32, etc.
- Control device 3 3 Sends a command to the drive unit 22 to start reading from the data recording medium 19, issues a seek command to the drive unit 22 to perform a seek, and returns from the seek to the normal playback. Then, normal playback is resumed by issuing an instruction to read, and subcode data is read from the subcode buffer 25. Based on the information, a seek command and a command for returning from the seek to normal reproduction are issued.
- the control device 33 takes in the subcode from the demultiplexer 28.
- the controller 33 is the time code of the subcode of the sector corresponding to the data that is currently decomposed and is actually going to be decoded. In order to obtain the sub-code, the sub-code is also extracted from the demultiplexer 28.
- the computer interface 34 temporarily holds the bit stream sent from the demultiplexer 28, and provides electrical characteristics and signals so that the computer can receive the bit stream. Convert the format and data format, and output the data to the converter data output.
- D / A, ⁇ 5 (: The converter 36 converts the digital video signal sent from the post processor 32 into an analog video signal, and further encodes it into an NTSC signal. Output to analog video output terminal Also, it is possible not to output to analog video output terminal by a command from controller 33.
- DZA converter 37 is sent from audio decoder 30 the Teku Rudy digital audio O signals into Ana 1 D Guodi O signals, and outputs the analyst ⁇ Guodi O output terminal. Further in accordance with a command from the controller 3 3, perform output to Ana port Guo one di O output terminal You can do it.
- an EDC checker may be provided at a stage subsequent to the ECC decoder, and error detection of user data may be performed using the EDC in the multiplexed data.
- the control device 33 receives a playback command from the user and issues a seek command to the drive unit 22.
- the drive unit 22 moves the pickup to a predetermined position, reads a signal from the data recording medium 19, and sends the signal to the demodulation device 23.
- the signal from the drive unit 22 is demodulated by the demodulator 23 and sent to the ECC decoder 24.
- the ECC decoder 24 detects and corrects errors using the ECC composed of the C1 and C2 parities sent together with the multiplexed data, corrects the error that can be corrected, and extracts the subcode. Send to 6.
- the subcode extraction device 26 detects a synchronization pattern from the multiplexed data sent, and based on the position, detects the synchronization pattern and sends the subcode and CRC to the CRC checker 35 and the multiplexed data. To the ring buffer 27 respectively.
- the user data sent to the ring buffer 27 is sent to the demultiplexer 28, where the video bit stream, audio bit stream, subtitle bit stream, and Video decoder 29, audio decoder 30, subtitle decoder 31, controller 33, computer, respectively, divided into one bit stream and other bit streams. It is sent to the festival 3-4.
- the video bitstream sent to the video decoder 29 is decrypted and sent to the boost processor 32.
- the audio bit stream sent to the audio decoder 30 is decoded and output to a digital audio output terminal and a D / A converter 37.
- the digital audio signal sent to the D / A converter 37 is converted to an analog audio signal and output to the analog audio output terminal.
- the subtitle bit sent to the c subtitle decoder 31 The stream is decompressed if it has been run-length compressed, and sent to the boost processor 32.
- the boost processor 32 superimposes the subtitle data sent from the subtitle decoder 31 on the video data sent from the video decoder 29, and outputs the digital video data to the digital video output terminal. And output to DZA and NTSC converter 36.
- the control device 33 When the sub-code buffer 25 holds the sub-code data, the control device 33 reads the sub-code data and empties the sub-code buffer 25. When the format of the sub-code read from the sub-code buffer 25 or the demultiplexer 28 is as shown in FIG. 10, the controller 33 transmits the copy-write management information included in the sub-code data. Referring to the output enable / disable instruction of the digital and analog output terminals of the video and audio signals, respectively, if the corresponding byte of the copy write management information is other than 0, the post processor 32, Instruct D / A, NTSC converter 36, Saiichi Decoder 30 and D / A converter 37 to disable output.
- the control device 33 stores the time code currently being reproduced from the subcode data of the data being reproduced during the normal reproduction, and the time specified by the user for a new search. Instruct the drive unit 22 in the direction in which the data of the indicated time code exists in comparison with the code, and pick up the pickup from the sector of the current sector number to the sector number program. Move in the direction of negative or positive and read the data.
- the sub-code of the read data passes through a demodulation circuit 23, an ECC decoder 24, a sub-code extraction device 26, a CRC checker 35, and a sub-code buffer 25.
- the data is sent to the control device 33.
- the time code in the subcode corresponding to the moved sector is read.
- the control device 33 moves the bitcap again if the timecode of the destination and the timecode specified by the user do not match or sufficiently close to each other. Repeat the operation. If the time code of the destination and the time code specified by the user match or reach a sufficiently close value, the search operation is stopped and normal playback is resumed from the current pickup position. To start.
- the search operation is performed using the timecode attached as the subcode without demultiplexing and decoding the multiplexed data, so that the random access can be performed at high speed. Access.
- the sub-code data is in the format as shown in Fig. 7, if there is an instruction from the user during normal playback, a search by entry point is performed.
- the control device 33 instructs the drive unit 22 according to an instruction from the user, and moves the bid-up by a predetermined amount from the sector of the current sector number in the direction of the sector number plus or in the minus direction. Then, the multiplexed data is read from the data recording medium 19.
- the sub-code of the read data passes through the demodulation circuit 23, ECC decoder 24, sub-code extraction device 26, CRC checker 35, and sub-code buffer 25. It is sent to the control device 33, and the destination The entry point information in the subcode corresponding to the sector is read.
- the control device 33 moves the pickup again and repeats the above operation if the entry destination flag is not set in the destination sector. If you moved the previous sectors is entry poi down door flag stood, at this time c to start as it is normal playback from the current position of the Big up to stop the service over switch operation, as described above d Since the entry point flag indicates the sector including the start position of the I-picture, the decoding can be started at high speed from the search operation. Also, during the search operation, the event / repoint in the subcode extracted by the subcode extraction device 26 is used without demultiplexing and decoding the multiplexed data. Therefore, high-speed random access is possible.
- subcode Application data is in a format as shown in FIG. 8, when Bikuchahe' header information was in the form shown in Fig. 1 4, when during normal reproduction is search instruction from the user, search by steel rule Ji Yahe' Dafuragu I do.
- the control device 33 instructs the drive unit 22 according to an instruction from the user, and places the kick-up in the direction of the sector number plus or minus from the sector of the current sector number. After moving the fixed amount, the multiplexed data is read from the data recording medium 19.
- the sub-code of the read data is sent to the control device 33 via the demodulation circuit 23, the ECC decoder 24, the sub-code extraction device 26, the CRC checker 35, and the sub-code buffer 25, and is moved to the control device 33.
- the victim header in the sub-code is read.
- the controller 33 has a picture header on the destination sector. If not, move the pickup again and repeat the above steps. If the picture header flag is set in the moved sector, the search operation is stopped and normal playback is started directly from the current big-up position. In this way, the sector including the picture start position can be quickly accessed without demultiplexing and decoding the multiplexed data.
- the sub-code data is in the format shown in Fig. 8 and the vehicle header information is in the format shown in Fig. 15, only the I-picture is selected and read in the search operation. Can be done.
- a search is performed using the victim type in the subcode.
- the control device 33 instructs the drive unit 22 according to the instruction from the user, the lift-up is moved from the sector of the current sector number to the sector number plus direction or the minus direction. Data is read from data recording medium 19.
- the sub-code of the read data is sent to the control device 33 via the demodulation circuit 23, the ECC decoder 24, the sub-code extraction device 26, the CRC checker 35 and the sub-code buffer 25, and is moved.
- the victim type in the sub-code at the destination is read. If the control type 33 does not indicate the I-Victure in the sector to which the movement has been made, the control device 33 moves the Vic-up again, and the picture type of the sector to which the movement has been made indicates the I-Victure. If so, the video data of the sector is supplied to the video decoder, and then the operation of moving the pickup is repeated.
- the sub-code data is in the format shown in Fig. 8 and the victim header information is in the format shown in Fig. 14, the sector including the head of the picture header is not necessarily
- the video decoder 29 must read data until the sector containing the I-picture is read, because the sector is not necessarily the one containing the I-picture's bi-directional header. Can speed up the search operation. However, decoding cannot be started immediately. If the sub-code data is in the format shown in Fig. 8 and the victim header information is in the format shown in Fig. 15, the picture header does not exist for the first I-picture data obtained. In some cases, some data must be read by the video decoder 29.
- the sub-code data is in the format shown in Fig. 8 and the picture header information is in the format shown in Fig. 16, the sector including the I-Victor's victim header can be specified, and the speed is higher.
- a search operation can be realized by selecting and reproducing a suitable victim. If the subcode data is in the format as shown in Fig. 9, and the user specifies a temporal reference number, the search is performed using the subcode temporal reference.
- the control device 33 instructs the drive unit 22 to move the pickup by a predetermined amount from the sector of the current sector number in the direction of the sector number plus or minus in accordance with an instruction from the user. Thereafter, the multiplexed data is read from the data recording medium 19.
- the sub-code of the read data is sent to the control device 33 via the demodulation circuit 23, the ECC decoder 24, the sub-code extraction device 26, the CRC checker 35 and the sub-code buffer 25, and The temporal reference in the moved subcode is read.
- the control device 33 moves the pickup again and repeats the above operation until the temporal reference of the moved sector coincides with the temporal reference number specified by the user. In this way, it is possible to quickly access the data having the reference number indicated by the user without demultiplexing and decoding the multiplexed data.
- each has a random access to a specific track number and a specific application identification number. Access to one sector and, for example, application information when the application identification number is DVD (entry point information is written here) Random access can be performed at high speed without demultiplexing and decoding data.
- the control device 33 transmits the data that is being played back during the normal playback.
- the track number currently being reproduced from the read data is stored and compared with the track number specified by the user for a new search.
- Command the drive unit 22 in the direction in which the data exists move the backup from the sector with the current sector number to the sector number plus or minus direction, and read the data.
- the sub-code of the read data is sent to the control device 33 via the demodulation circuit 23, the ECC decoder 24, the sub-code extraction device 26, the CRC checker 35 and the sub-code buffer 25, and
- the track number in the subcode corresponding to the moved sector is read. If the track number of the destination and the track number specified by the user do not match, control device 33 moves the bid-up again and repeats the above operation. If the track number of the destination and the track number specified by the user match, the search operation is stopped and normal playback is started from the current pickup position. In this way, the access is performed using the track number assigned as the subcode without demultiplexing and decoding the multiplexed data, so that the access is performed at high speed. Can perform random access.
- the control device 33 reads the application identification number to obtain a section including the data of the target application. Data can be determined. If the subcode data is in the format shown in Fig. 18, the data being played back Assume that the disk is a two-layer disk.
- the sub-code of the data read from the disc passes through a demodulator 23, an ECC decoder 24, a sub-code extractor 26, a CRC checker 35, and a sub-code buffer 25, or a demodulator.
- the control device 33 instructs the ECC decoder 24 to change the error correction mode.
- the ECC decoder 24 performs error correction using only the C 1 parity in the multiplexed data. This makes it possible to capture subcode data at high speed.
- the ability of the error correction is enhanced, but in this case, the retrieval of the subcode data becomes slow.
- video data, audio data, subtitle data, or a plurality of data, data produced on a computer are recorded in units of sectors, and each sector is defined as a subcode.
- the time code, the entry point information, the picture header information, the temporal reference, or the data recording medium to which the track number is added are reproduced at a variable rate, By reproducing only the sub-code separately, a data reproducing device that can greatly improve the usability of special reproduction and search reproduction, etc., compared to the case of reproducing the main data. Can be realized You.
- the subcode extracted by the subcode extraction device 26 is used when performing the search operation or the random access, but the subcode separated by the demultiplexer 28 is used. May be used.
- the delay occurs due to the ring buffer 27, the speedup is limited as compared with the above-described embodiment.
- the data may be inserted as raw data of the data, or may be inserted as data having a unique packet header.
- the data recording area and another data management area, so-called T0 in a so-called compact disk may be used. It may be arranged in C (Table of Content) or the like.
- the byte length of the subcode and the user data is not limited to this. It may be arbitrarily selected as needed.
- the code length of the error correction code calculated for the subcode and user data is also required for error correction detection capability. It may be arbitrarily selected according to the request.
- the subcodes include time code information, entry point information, picture header information, temporal reference information, copy light management, and information layout.
- the case where the player information, the track number, or the application identification number is added is described.However, these may be combined as necessary, or the additional information for reproducing other data may be used as a subcode. Even if it attaches, the same effect as the above-mentioned embodiment can be realized.
- video data, audio data, subtitle data, or a plurality of data which is one bucket of data produced on a computer, does not span multiple sectors.
- the area where one or more audio / video tracks are recorded as user data is regarded as one file in the file system, and the data is recorded on the data recording medium.
- the arrangement status of the computer data and program areas and the area where audio / video data is recorded in the computer may be configured so that the computer can grasp and change the arrangement status.
- T0C is treated as one virtual directory from the file system, and audio video data is stored in the file existing in the directory. The audio / video data can be read from and written to the computer system.
- the present invention is applied to the video data, audio data, subtitle data, or any of them based on the provisions of IS 113 (MPEG 1) or IS 138 188 (MPEG 2).
- the present invention is not limited to this. It is suitable for wide application to data recording methods and devices, data recording media, data reproducing methods and devices that handle various data.
- the multiplexed data has a variable rate, but may have a fixed rate.
- the data recording medium 19 reproduced by the data reproducing apparatus 21 has been described as directly using the data recording medium 19 formed in the data recording apparatus 1.
- the data recording medium 19 formed in the apparatus 1 may be used as a master recording medium, and may be one of mass-produced recording media via a stamper or the like.
- data recording when recording data on a data recording medium in units of sectors, additional information for data reproduction is recorded as a subcode separately from the data for each sector.
- Data recording can be controlled using subcodes by recording, and thus the data recording method and apparatus, and data recording, which can significantly improve the usefulness as a data recording medium A medium can be realized.
- the data recording method and apparatus of the present invention can be used to create a DVD (digital video disk) in which compressed digital images, compressed digital audio, and the like are multiplexed and recorded. Further, the data recording medium of the present invention can be used as a DVD in which compressed digital images, compressed digital audio and the like are multiplexed and recorded. Further, the data reproducing method and apparatus according to the present invention provide a compressed digital image and a compressed digital sound. Can be used to reproduce data from DVDs with multiplexed voices recorded
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US08/530,301 US6075920A (en) | 1994-02-28 | 1995-01-12 | Method and apparatus for recording/ reproducing data and subcode information onto/from a recording medium |
CA002159105A CA2159105C (en) | 1994-02-28 | 1995-01-12 | Method and device for recording data, data recording medium, and method and device for reproducing data |
BR9505850A BR9505850A (pt) | 1994-02-28 | 1995-01-12 | Processo e aparelho de gravação de dados,meio de gravação de dados e processo e aparelho de reprodução de dados para reproduzir um meio de gravação de dados |
PL95311235A PL180006B1 (pl) | 1994-02-28 | 1995-01-12 | Sposób i urzadzenie do zapisu danych na nosniku zapisu PL PL PL PL PL PL |
EP95905763A EP0696798A4 (en) | 1994-02-28 | 1995-01-12 | DATA RECORDING APPARATUS AND METHOD, DATA RECORDING MEDIUM AND DATA PLAYING DEVICE AND METHOD |
KR1019950704808A KR100342120B1 (ko) | 1994-02-28 | 1995-01-12 | 데이터기록방법및장치,데이터기록매체,및데이터재생방법및장치 |
MX9504123A MX9504123A (es) | 1994-02-28 | 1995-01-12 | Metodo y aparato de registro de datos, medio de registro de datos, y metodo y aparato de reproduccion de datos. |
PL95329712A PL180012B1 (pl) | 1994-02-28 | 1995-01-12 | Sposób i urzadzenie do odtwarzania danych z nosnika zapisu PL PL PL PL PL PL |
AU14249/95A AU693147B2 (en) | 1994-02-28 | 1995-01-12 | Method and device for recording data, data recording medium,and method and device for reproducing data |
US10/227,706 US7277625B2 (en) | 1994-02-28 | 2002-08-26 | Data recording method and apparatus, data recording medium, and data reproducing method and apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP6/54706 | 1994-02-28 | ||
JP5470694 | 1994-02-28 |
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US08/530,301 A-371-Of-International US6075920A (en) | 1994-02-28 | 1995-01-12 | Method and apparatus for recording/ reproducing data and subcode information onto/from a recording medium |
US09/541,929 Continuation US6442334B1 (en) | 1994-02-28 | 2000-04-03 | Data recording method and apparatus, data recording medium, and data reproducing method and apparatus |
US09/541,304 Continuation US6470141B2 (en) | 1994-02-28 | 2000-04-03 | Data recording method and apparatus, data recording medium, and data reproducing method and apparatus |
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US (6) | US6075920A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0696798A4 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100342120B1 (ja) |
CN (4) | CN1147854C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU693147B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR9505850A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2159105C (ja) |
MX (1) | MX9504123A (ja) |
PL (2) | PL180006B1 (ja) |
RU (2) | RU2158969C2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1995023411A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU693147B2 (en) | 1998-06-25 |
CA2159105A1 (en) | 1995-08-31 |
BR9505850A (pt) | 1996-02-13 |
US7277625B2 (en) | 2007-10-02 |
CN1983431A (zh) | 2007-06-20 |
US6442334B1 (en) | 2002-08-27 |
US20020197062A1 (en) | 2002-12-26 |
US20020197061A1 (en) | 2002-12-26 |
CN1123580A (zh) | 1996-05-29 |
CN1474400A (zh) | 2004-02-11 |
EP0696798A1 (en) | 1996-02-14 |
RU2262752C2 (ru) | 2005-10-20 |
EP0696798A4 (en) | 2001-10-24 |
US20050226604A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
CN1305065C (zh) | 2007-03-14 |
CN100550172C (zh) | 2009-10-14 |
US20010041055A1 (en) | 2001-11-15 |
CN1975912A (zh) | 2007-06-06 |
US7702213B2 (en) | 2010-04-20 |
US7599605B2 (en) | 2009-10-06 |
CA2159105C (en) | 2003-09-23 |
US6075920A (en) | 2000-06-13 |
CN100550173C (zh) | 2009-10-14 |
AU1424995A (en) | 1995-09-11 |
PL180012B1 (pl) | 2000-11-30 |
RU2158969C2 (ru) | 2000-11-10 |
PL180006B1 (pl) | 2000-11-30 |
CN1147854C (zh) | 2004-04-28 |
KR100342120B1 (ko) | 2002-11-30 |
MX9504123A (es) | 1997-04-30 |
US6470141B2 (en) | 2002-10-22 |
KR960702153A (ko) | 1996-03-28 |
PL311235A1 (en) | 1996-02-05 |
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