WO1996007064A1 - Improvements in or relating to refrigeration apparatus - Google Patents

Improvements in or relating to refrigeration apparatus Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1996007064A1
WO1996007064A1 PCT/GB1995/002035 GB9502035W WO9607064A1 WO 1996007064 A1 WO1996007064 A1 WO 1996007064A1 GB 9502035 W GB9502035 W GB 9502035W WO 9607064 A1 WO9607064 A1 WO 9607064A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pipe
condenser
portions
baffle
wall portions
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1995/002035
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Alexander Grant
Original Assignee
Norfrost Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Norfrost Limited filed Critical Norfrost Limited
Priority to DK95929974T priority Critical patent/DK0777842T3/en
Priority to US08/793,596 priority patent/US5797451A/en
Priority to EP95929974A priority patent/EP0777842B1/en
Priority to DE69509394T priority patent/DE69509394T2/en
Priority to JP8508558A priority patent/JPH10504885A/en
Publication of WO1996007064A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996007064A1/en
Priority to GR990401611T priority patent/GR3030534T3/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/14—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending longitudinally
    • F28F1/22—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending longitudinally the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/04—Condensers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/454—Heat exchange having side-by-side conduits structure or conduit section
    • Y10S165/495—Single unitary conduit structure bent to form flow path with side-by-side sections
    • Y10S165/497—Serpentine flow path with straight side-by-side sections
    • Y10S165/498—Fin assembly extends across side-by-side sections

Definitions

  • This invention relates to refrigeration apparatus such as freezers, refrigerators and bottle/can coolers/chillers.
  • Tne invention particularly relates to an improved condenser for use in such apparatus .
  • Condensers heat exchange devices which remove heat from a refrigerant material and expel it to the atmosphere outw t the refrigeration apparatus are known. Condensers are normally located on a rearmost side cf a refrigeration apparatus, and are therefore termed "back condensers”.
  • Figs 1 to 2 Known condenser designs are illustrated in Figs 1 to 2. These condensers comprise a condenser pipe having a plurality of substantially parallel spaced portions (lengths) , adjacent portions being connected by a louvered steel plate.
  • adjacent portions are connected by a steel plate, opposing elongate edges of which plate are crimped to respective adjacent portions.
  • Fig 2 adjacent portions are connected by a steel plate, elongate edges of the plate being suitably shaped so as to, with an adjacent plate, enclose a portion therebetween, adjacent elongate edges of the plate and the adjacent plate being spotwelded together.
  • Fig 3 all portions are connected by a single steel plate, each portion being welded onto the plate.
  • a number of problems have been found with prior art condensers. One problem is that of efficiency of heat transfer from the refrigerant material within the pipe to the atmosphere .
  • a condenser for a refrigeration apparatus comprising a pipe for containing a refrigerant, one or more adjacent portions of the pipe being connected by a baffle, characterised in that the baffle provides a plurality cf wall portions, at least some wall portions being disposed m opposing directions relative to a plane extending betwee: respective adjacent portions of the pipe.
  • Each baffle may comprise a plate formed so as tc provide a plurality of recesses, the recesses Deing spaced so as tc receive respective adjacent portions of the pipe.
  • baffle may provide a plurality of wall portions, at least some adjacent wall portions of each baffle being disposed in opposing directions relative to a plane extending between tne respective adjacent portions cf the pipe. Wall portions of each of the two baffles may be r intimate contact with one another. The adjacent portions cf the pipe may be spaced at around 31.75mm centres.
  • a refrigeration apparatus including a condenser, the condenser comprising a pipe for containing a refrigerant, one or more adjacent portions of the pipe being connected by a baffle, characterised m that the baffle provides a plurality of wall portions, at least some wall portions being disposed in opposing directions relative tc a plane extending between respective adjacent portions of tne pipe.
  • the refrigeration apparatus may be, for example, a refrigerator, a freezer, or a bottle/can cooler/chiller, may be cf tne chest or front opening type, and may be fc: commercial or domestic use.
  • a condenser for a refrigeration apparatus comprising a pipe fcr containing a refrigerant, one or rcre adjacent portions cf the pipe being connected joy at least zvc baffles.
  • each baffle may provide a plurality of wall portions, adjacent wall portions being disposed m opposing directions relative to a plane extending between the adjacent portions of tne pipe
  • a refrigeration apparatus including a condenser, the condenser comprising a pipe for containing a refrigerant, one or more adjacent portions of the pipe being connected by at least two baffles
  • Fig 1 a cross-sectional view from aoove of a portion of a first prior art condenser
  • Fig 2 a cross-sectional view from aoove of a portion of a second prio art condenser
  • FIG. 3 a cross-sectional view from above of a portion of a third prior art condenser
  • Fig 4 a cross-sectional view from above of a condenser according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig 5 a partial exploded perspective view from below and to the front of the condenser of Fig 4 ; and Fig 6 a view of the condenser of Fig 4 mounted on the rear of a refrigeration apparatus
  • a condenser for use m a refrigeration apparatus
  • the condenser 5 comprises a pipe 10 for containing and transporting a refrigerant (not sno n ) therethrougn
  • the pipe IC is shaped so as to provi ⁇ e a plurality of adjacent portions 15 space ⁇ suostantially parallel from one another.
  • the condenser 5 also provides first and second baffles 20, 25.
  • Each baffle 20, 25 comprises a plate formed so as to provide a plurality of recesses 30, 35, the recesses 30, 35 being spaced so as to receive respective spaced portions 15 cf tne pipe 10.
  • baffles Between and along adjacent recesses 30, 35 eacr. baffle
  • the condenser 5 may be formed as follows. Plane, unformed, baffles 20, 25 are provided and recesses 30, 35 initially formed therein by pressing. Tne oaffles 2C, 25 are then Drought together so as to enclose tne pipe 10 within tne recesses 30, 35. The baffles 20, 25 are tnen tagged togetner by welds or the like. Subsequently the oaffles 2C, 25 are pressed so as to form walls 40, 45, 5C, 5 ⁇ Alternatively, the condenser 5 may oe formed by bringing together preformed baffles 20, 25 so as to enclose the pipe 10 within the recesses 30, 35. In doing this opposing surfaces of walls 40, 45 and walls 50, 55 are brought into proximity with one another. The baffles 20, 25 may again be retained together by welds or the like.
  • adjacent portions 15 of the pipe 10 are spaced at approximated 31.75mm centres; the length of the portions 15 is approximately 486.15mm; the baffles 20, 25 are made from steel plate approximately 0.28mm thick; and the pipe IC is made from steel pipe of outer diameter 4.76mm.
  • the condenser 5 may be mounted in a conventional fashion to a rear side cf a refrigerator cabinet 60 oy means of screws 65 extending tnrougr. flanged portions 73, 75 at first and second ends of tne condenser 5.
  • the condenser 5 forms part cf a ref ⁇ geraticr. apparatus operating in a conventional way, le, extracting neat fror refrigerant material passing tnrougr. the pipe 10 and ⁇ umpmg such heat to atmosphere.
  • the condenser 5 gives enhanced condensation.
  • each baffle 2C, 25 has adjacent wall portions 40, 45, 50, 55 of each baffle 2C, 25 disposed in opposing directions relative tc a plane extending between respective adjacent portions 15 of tne pipe 10, only some of the wall portions require to be so disposed to provide the "chimney effect", and such wall portions need not be adjacent.

Abstract

The invention relates to refrigeration apparatus such as freezers, refrigerators and bottle/can coolers/chillers. A condenser (5) is normally located on a rearmost side of a refrigeration apparatus. The condenser (5) comprises a pipe (10) for containing a refrigerant, one or more adjacent portions (15) of the pipe (10) being connected by a baffle (20, 25), characterised in that the baffle provides a plurality of wall portions, at least some wall portions (40, 45, 50, 55) being disposed in opposing directions relative to a plane extending between respective adjacent portions of the pipe.

Description

Improvements In or Relating to Refrigeration Apparatus
This invention relates to refrigeration apparatus such as freezers, refrigerators and bottle/can coolers/chillers. Tne invention particularly relates to an improved condenser for use in such apparatus .
Condensers (heat exchange devices) which remove heat from a refrigerant material and expel it to the atmosphere outw t the refrigeration apparatus are known. Condensers are normally located on a rearmost side cf a refrigeration apparatus, and are therefore termed "back condensers".
Known condenser designs are illustrated in Figs 1 to 2. These condensers comprise a condenser pipe having a plurality of substantially parallel spaced portions (lengths) , adjacent portions being connected by a louvered steel plate. In Fig 1 adjacent portions are connected by a steel plate, opposing elongate edges of which plate are crimped to respective adjacent portions. In Fig 2 adjacent portions are connected by a steel plate, elongate edges of the plate being suitably shaped so as to, with an adjacent plate, enclose a portion therebetween, adjacent elongate edges of the plate and the adjacent plate being spotwelded together. In Fig 3 all portions are connected by a single steel plate, each portion being welded onto the plate. A number of problems have been found with prior art condensers. One problem is that of efficiency of heat transfer from the refrigerant material within the pipe to the atmosphere .
It is an object cf tne present invention to ODviate or mitigate at least some of the aforementioned problems ir. t e prior ar .
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a condenser for a refrigeration apparatus comprising a pipe for containing a refrigerant, one or more adjacent portions of the pipe being connected by a baffle, characterised in that the baffle provides a plurality cf wall portions, at least some wall portions being disposed m opposing directions relative to a plane extending betwee: respective adjacent portions of the pipe.
The adjacent portions of the pipe may be space: substantially parallel one from another. There may be provided two baffles for connecting n -=. portions of the pipe.
Each baffle may comprise a plate formed so as tc provide a plurality of recesses, the recesses Deing spaced so as tc receive respective adjacent portions of the pipe. Between and along adjacent recesses eacn baffle may provide a plurality of wall portions, at least some adjacent wall portions of each baffle being disposed in opposing directions relative to a plane extending between tne respective adjacent portions cf the pipe. Wall portions of each of the two baffles may be r intimate contact with one another. The adjacent portions cf the pipe may be spaced at around 31.75mm centres.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a refrigeration apparatus including a condenser, the condenser comprising a pipe for containing a refrigerant, one or more adjacent portions of the pipe being connected by a baffle, characterised m that the baffle provides a plurality of wall portions, at least some wall portions being disposed in opposing directions relative tc a plane extending between respective adjacent portions of tne pipe.
The refrigeration apparatus may be, for example, a refrigerator, a freezer, or a bottle/can cooler/chiller, may be cf tne chest or front opening type, and may be fc: commercial or domestic use.
According to a third aspect of the present mventic- there is provided a condenser for a refrigeration apparatus comprising a pipe fcr containing a refrigerant, one or rcre adjacent portions cf the pipe being connected joy at least zvc baffles.
Between adjacent portions of the pipe each baffle may provide a plurality of wall portions, adjacent wall portions being disposed m opposing directions relative to a plane extending between the adjacent portions of tne pipe
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention tnere is provided a refrigeration apparatus including a condenser, the condenser comprising a pipe for containing a refrigerant, one or more adjacent portions of the pipe being connected by at least two baffles
An embodiment of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are
Fig 1 a cross-sectional view from aoove of a portion of a first prior art condenser, Fig 2 a cross-sectional view from aoove of a portion of a second prio art condenser,
Fig 3 a cross-sectional view from above of a portion of a third prior art condenser; Fig 4 a cross-sectional view from above of a condenser according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig 5 a partial exploded perspective view from below and to the front of the condenser of Fig 4 ; and Fig 6 a view of the condenser of Fig 4 mounted on the rear of a refrigeration apparatus
Referring to Figs 4 to 6, there is illustrated a condenser, generally designated 5, according to an embodiment of the present invention, for use m a refrigeration apparatus The condenser 5 comprises a pipe 10 for containing and transporting a refrigerant (not sno n) therethrougn As car be seen most clearly from Fig 6, the pipe IC is shaped so as to proviαe a plurality of adjacent portions 15 spaceα suostantially parallel from one another. The condenser 5 also provides first and second baffles 20, 25. Each baffle 20, 25 comprises a plate formed so as to provide a plurality of recesses 30, 35, the recesses 30, 35 being spaced so as to receive respective spaced portions 15 cf tne pipe 10.
Between and along adjacent recesses 30, 35 eacr. baffle
20, 25, provides a plurality of walls 40, 45, 50, 55. For each baffle 20, 25, adjacent walls 4C, 50 and 45, 55 are disposed m opposing directions relative tc a plane extending between the recesses 30, 35 of the oaffie 20, 25.
The condenser 5 may be formed as follows. Plane, unformed, baffles 20, 25 are provided and recesses 30, 35 initially formed therein by pressing. Tne oaffles 2C, 25 are then Drought together so as to enclose tne pipe 10 within tne recesses 30, 35. The baffles 20, 25 are tnen tagged togetner by welds or the like. Subsequently the oaffles 2C, 25 are pressed so as to form walls 40, 45, 5C, 5Ξ Alternatively, the condenser 5 may oe formed by bringing together preformed baffles 20, 25 so as to enclose the pipe 10 within the recesses 30, 35. In doing this opposing surfaces of walls 40, 45 and walls 50, 55 are brought into proximity with one another. The baffles 20, 25 may again be retained together by welds or the like.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention: adjacent portions 15 of the pipe 10 are spaced at approximated 31.75mm centres; the length of the portions 15 is approximately 486.15mm; the baffles 20, 25 are made from steel plate approximately 0.28mm thick; and the pipe IC is made from steel pipe of outer diameter 4.76mm.
As shown in Fig 6 the condenser 5 may be mounted in a conventional fashion to a rear side cf a refrigerator cabinet 60 oy means of screws 65 extending tnrougr. flanged portions 73, 75 at first and second ends of tne condenser 5.
In use, the condenser 5 forms part cf a refπgeraticr. apparatus operating in a conventional way, le, extracting neat fror refrigerant material passing tnrougr. the pipe 10 and αumpmg such heat to atmosphere. However, the condenser 5 gives enhanced condensation.
This effect is believed to be at least partially due to tne "chimney effect" provided by the wall portions 40, 45, 50, 55 of the baffles 20, 25. The embodiment of the invention hereinbefore described is given by way of example only and is not meant to limit tne scope of the invention in any way. It should particularly be appreciated that although the disclosed embodiment has two baffles 20, 25 the "chimney effect" hereinbefore mentioned may be provided via a single baffle suitably shaped. It should further be appreciated that although the disclosed embodiment has adjacent wall portions 40, 45, 50, 55 of each baffle 2C, 25 disposed in opposing directions relative tc a plane extending between respective adjacent portions 15 of tne pipe 10, only some of the wall portions require to be so disposed to provide the "chimney effect", and such wall portions need not be adjacent.

Claims

Claims
1. A condenser (5) for a refrigeration apparatus comprising a pipe (10) for containing a refrigerant, one or more adjacent portions (15) of the pipe (10) being connected by a baffle
(20, 25) , characterised in that the baffle provides a plurality of wall portions, at least some wall portions (4C,
45, 50, 55) being disposed in opposing directions relative to a plane extending between respective adjacent portions of the pipe .
2. A condenser (5) as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the adjacent portions (15) of the pipe (10) are spaced substantially parallel one from another. 5
3. A condenser (5) as claimed in either of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that there are provided two baffles (20, 25) for connecting the portions (15) of the pipe (10) .
0 4. A condenser (5) as claimed in any preceding claim, characterised in that each baffle (20, 25) comprises a plate formed so as to provide a plurality of recesses (30, 35) , the recesses (30, 35) being spaced so as tc receive respective adjacent portions (15) of the pipe (10) . 5
5. A condenser (5) as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that between and along adjacent recesses (30, 35) eacn baffle (10, 15) provides a plurality of wall portions (40, 45, 50, 55' , at least some adjacent wall portions cf each baffle being C disposed in opposing directions relative tc a plane extending between the respective adjacent portions (15 of the p pe (10; .
6. A condenser (5) as claimed m claim 5, characterised in 5 that wall portions (40, 45, 50, 55) of each of the baffles
(20, 25) are in intimate contact with one another.
7. A condenser (5) as claimed in any preceding claim, characterised in that the adjacent portions (15) of the pipe (10' are spaced at around 31.75mm centres.
8. A refrigeration apparatus including a condenser (5) , the condenser (5) comprising a pipe (10) for containing a refrigerant, one or more adjacent portions (15) of the pipe (10' being connected by a baffle (20, 25) , characterised in that the baffle provides a plurality of wall portions (40, 45, 50, 55) , at least some wall portions (4C, 45, 5C, 55' being disposed in opposing directions relative to a plane extending between respective adjacent portions cf the pipe.
5. A refrigeration apparatus as claimed ir. claim S, characterised in that the appparatus is one of a refrigerator, a freezer, or a bottle/can cooler/chiller.
10. A refrigeration apparatus as claimed in either of claims 8 or 9, characterised in that the apparatus is either a chest or front opening type.
SUBSTITUTESHEET(RULE 26
PCT/GB1995/002035 1994-09-01 1995-08-30 Improvements in or relating to refrigeration apparatus WO1996007064A1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK95929974T DK0777842T3 (en) 1994-09-01 1995-08-30 Cooling device and capacitor therefor
US08/793,596 US5797451A (en) 1994-09-01 1995-08-30 Refrigeration apparatus
EP95929974A EP0777842B1 (en) 1994-09-01 1995-08-30 Refrigeration apparatus and condenser therefor
DE69509394T DE69509394T2 (en) 1994-09-01 1995-08-30 Cooling device and condenser therefor
JP8508558A JPH10504885A (en) 1994-09-01 1995-08-30 Improvement of refrigerators or related refrigeration equipment
GR990401611T GR3030534T3 (en) 1994-09-01 1999-06-16 Improvements in or relating to refrigeration apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9417551A GB9417551D0 (en) 1994-09-01 1994-09-01 Improvements in or relating to refrigeration apparatus
EP94306784A EP0699882A1 (en) 1994-09-01 1994-09-16 Condenser for a refrigeration apparatus
EP94306784.3 1994-09-16
GB9417551.0 1994-09-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996007064A1 true WO1996007064A1 (en) 1996-03-07

Family

ID=10760645

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1995/002035 WO1996007064A1 (en) 1994-09-01 1995-08-30 Improvements in or relating to refrigeration apparatus

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US5797451A (en)
EP (2) EP0699882A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH10504885A (en)
CN (1) CN1157034A (en)
AT (1) ATE179509T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69509394T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0777842T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2131328T3 (en)
GB (1) GB9417551D0 (en)
GR (1) GR3030534T3 (en)
TR (1) TR199501088A2 (en)
WO (1) WO1996007064A1 (en)

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DE29720004U1 (en) * 1997-11-11 1998-02-26 Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete Evaporator
DE10008780A1 (en) * 2000-02-04 2001-08-09 Krytem Gmbh Method and apparatus for deliberately influencing heat exchange on evaporators for cryogenic liquids uses vertical evaporator pipes with metal ribs on outside tightly adjoining
US6470881B1 (en) * 2000-06-08 2002-10-29 Henny Penny Corporation Heater and heat exchanger retaining clips
JP2002022291A (en) * 2000-07-03 2002-01-23 Daikin Ind Ltd Air conditioner
ITMI20010212A1 (en) * 2001-02-02 2002-08-02 Whirlpool Co REFRIGERANT CIRCUIT CONDENSER PARTICULARLY FOR FREEZER REFRIGERATORS AND SIMILAR HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES
EP1664656B1 (en) * 2003-09-19 2007-12-05 TI Group Automotive Systems Limited Heat exchanger with cooling fin
DE202005012048U1 (en) * 2005-07-22 2006-12-07 Liebherr-Hausgeräte Ochsenhausen GmbH Pipe / plate liquefier for refrigerators and / or freezers
ITMO20070263A1 (en) * 2007-08-08 2009-02-09 Adriano Paschetto HEAT EXCHANGER.
US20140231056A1 (en) * 2011-10-13 2014-08-21 Carrier Corporation Heat exchanger
CN103245243A (en) * 2013-04-28 2013-08-14 陈银轩 Heat exchange fin
KR20150001030A (en) * 2013-06-26 2015-01-06 삼성전자주식회사 Condenser and Refrigerator having the same
CN107709915A (en) 2015-06-29 2018-02-16 开利公司 Miniature pipe in pipe
AT518986B1 (en) * 2016-10-07 2018-03-15 Dipl Ing Thomas Euler Rolle heat exchangers

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US3224503A (en) * 1960-12-10 1965-12-21 Konanz Albert Heat exchanger
GB1006039A (en) * 1964-03-26 1965-09-29 Reiert Aluminium Metall Improvements relating to heat exchangers
US3380518A (en) * 1965-02-26 1968-04-30 Canteloube Andre Finned heat exchanger
FR1524182A (en) * 1967-02-24 1968-05-10 Rubanox Soc Improvements to finned heat exchangers
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2131328T3 (en) 1999-07-16
EP0699882A1 (en) 1996-03-06
DE69509394D1 (en) 1999-06-02
GR3030534T3 (en) 1999-10-29
EP0777842A1 (en) 1997-06-11
CN1157034A (en) 1997-08-13
US5797451A (en) 1998-08-25
ATE179509T1 (en) 1999-05-15
EP0777842B1 (en) 1999-04-28
GB9417551D0 (en) 1994-10-19
JPH10504885A (en) 1998-05-12
TR199501088A2 (en) 1996-06-21
DE69509394T2 (en) 1999-09-02
DK0777842T3 (en) 1999-10-25

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