WO1996027812A1 - Micromachined holes for optical fiber connection - Google Patents
Micromachined holes for optical fiber connection Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996027812A1 WO1996027812A1 PCT/US1996/002799 US9602799W WO9627812A1 WO 1996027812 A1 WO1996027812 A1 WO 1996027812A1 US 9602799 W US9602799 W US 9602799W WO 9627812 A1 WO9627812 A1 WO 9627812A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- optical fiber
- holes
- hole
- invention according
- slab
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/3833—Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture
- G02B6/3863—Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture fabricated by using polishing techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/262—Optical details of coupling light into, or out of, or between fibre ends, e.g. special fibre end shapes or associated optical elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/30—Optical coupling means for use between fibre and thin-film device
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/3502—Optical coupling means having switching means involving direct waveguide displacement, e.g. cantilever type waveguide displacement involving waveguide bending, or displacing an interposed waveguide between stationary waveguides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/3833—Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/3833—Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture
- G02B6/3834—Means for centering or aligning the light guide within the ferrule
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/3873—Connectors using guide surfaces for aligning ferrule ends, e.g. tubes, sleeves, V-grooves, rods, pins, balls
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/3873—Connectors using guide surfaces for aligning ferrule ends, e.g. tubes, sleeves, V-grooves, rods, pins, balls
- G02B6/3874—Connectors using guide surfaces for aligning ferrule ends, e.g. tubes, sleeves, V-grooves, rods, pins, balls using tubes, sleeves to align ferrules
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4219—Mechanical fixtures for holding or positioning the elements relative to each other in the couplings; Alignment methods for the elements, e.g. measuring or observing methods especially used therefor
- G02B6/4228—Passive alignment, i.e. without a detection of the degree of coupling or the position of the elements
- G02B6/423—Passive alignment, i.e. without a detection of the degree of coupling or the position of the elements using guiding surfaces for the alignment
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/32—Optical coupling means having lens focusing means positioned between opposed fibre ends
- G02B6/325—Optical coupling means having lens focusing means positioned between opposed fibre ends comprising a transparent member, e.g. window, protective plate
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/3564—Mechanical details of the actuation mechanism associated with the moving element or mounting mechanism details
- G02B6/3582—Housing means or package or arranging details of the switching elements, e.g. for thermal isolation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/3628—Mechanical coupling means for mounting fibres to supporting carriers
- G02B6/3632—Mechanical coupling means for mounting fibres to supporting carriers characterised by the cross-sectional shape of the mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/3636—Mechanical coupling means for mounting fibres to supporting carriers characterised by the cross-sectional shape of the mechanical coupling means the mechanical coupling means being grooves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/3628—Mechanical coupling means for mounting fibres to supporting carriers
- G02B6/3632—Mechanical coupling means for mounting fibres to supporting carriers characterised by the cross-sectional shape of the mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/3644—Mechanical coupling means for mounting fibres to supporting carriers characterised by the cross-sectional shape of the mechanical coupling means the coupling means being through-holes or wall apertures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/3628—Mechanical coupling means for mounting fibres to supporting carriers
- G02B6/3648—Supporting carriers of a microbench type, i.e. with micromachined additional mechanical structures
- G02B6/3652—Supporting carriers of a microbench type, i.e. with micromachined additional mechanical structures the additional structures being prepositioning mounting areas, allowing only movement in one dimension, e.g. grooves, trenches or vias in the microbench surface, i.e. self aligning supporting carriers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/3628—Mechanical coupling means for mounting fibres to supporting carriers
- G02B6/3664—2D cross sectional arrangements of the fibres
- G02B6/3672—2D cross sectional arrangements of the fibres with fibres arranged in a regular matrix array
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/3628—Mechanical coupling means for mounting fibres to supporting carriers
- G02B6/3684—Mechanical coupling means for mounting fibres to supporting carriers characterised by the manufacturing process of surface profiling of the supporting carrier
- G02B6/3692—Mechanical coupling means for mounting fibres to supporting carriers characterised by the manufacturing process of surface profiling of the supporting carrier with surface micromachining involving etching, e.g. wet or dry etching steps
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/3833—Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture
- G02B6/3834—Means for centering or aligning the light guide within the ferrule
- G02B6/3838—Means for centering or aligning the light guide within the ferrule using grooves for light guides
- G02B6/3839—Means for centering or aligning the light guide within the ferrule using grooves for light guides for a plurality of light guides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
- G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
- G02B6/3873—Connectors using guide surfaces for aligning ferrule ends, e.g. tubes, sleeves, V-grooves, rods, pins, balls
- G02B6/3885—Multicore or multichannel optical connectors, i.e. one single ferrule containing more than one fibre, e.g. ribbon type
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4219—Mechanical fixtures for holding or positioning the elements relative to each other in the couplings; Alignment methods for the elements, e.g. measuring or observing methods especially used therefor
- G02B6/4228—Passive alignment, i.e. without a detection of the degree of coupling or the position of the elements
- G02B6/423—Passive alignment, i.e. without a detection of the degree of coupling or the position of the elements using guiding surfaces for the alignment
- G02B6/4231—Passive alignment, i.e. without a detection of the degree of coupling or the position of the elements using guiding surfaces for the alignment with intermediate elements, e.g. rods and balls, between the elements
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
- Mechanical Coupling Of Light Guides (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP96910355A EP0813694A4 (en) | 1995-03-03 | 1996-02-29 | Micromachined holes for optical fiber connection |
AU53570/96A AU5357096A (en) | 1995-03-03 | 1996-02-29 | Micromachined holes for optical fiber connection |
JP8526950A JPH11501735A (en) | 1995-03-03 | 1996-02-29 | Micro-machined hole for fiber optic connection |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/397,941 US5550942A (en) | 1994-07-18 | 1995-03-03 | Micromachined holes for optical fiber connection |
US08/397,941 | 1995-03-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996027812A1 true WO1996027812A1 (en) | 1996-09-12 |
Family
ID=23573319
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1996/002799 WO1996027812A1 (en) | 1995-03-03 | 1996-02-29 | Micromachined holes for optical fiber connection |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5550942A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0813694A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH11501735A (en) |
AU (1) | AU5357096A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2213811A1 (en) |
TW (1) | TW312753B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996027812A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1018049A1 (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 2000-07-12 | Fiberguide Industries, Inc. | Precision optical fiber array connector and method |
EP1271208A1 (en) * | 2001-06-21 | 2003-01-02 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Fiber array faceplate |
EP1619528B1 (en) * | 2004-07-23 | 2012-02-01 | Shinko Electric Industries Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device with an optical waveguide mounting member and the method of manufacturing thereof |
Families Citing this family (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6749346B1 (en) * | 1995-11-07 | 2004-06-15 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Miniature scanning confocal microscope |
US6882030B2 (en) | 1996-10-29 | 2005-04-19 | Tru-Si Technologies, Inc. | Integrated circuit structures with a conductor formed in a through hole in a semiconductor substrate and protruding from a surface of the substrate |
EP2270845A3 (en) | 1996-10-29 | 2013-04-03 | Invensas Corporation | Integrated circuits and methods for their fabrication |
JP4482228B2 (en) * | 1998-04-09 | 2010-06-16 | カリフォルニア・インスティテュート・オブ・テクノロジー | Electronic technology for analyte detection |
US6049650A (en) * | 1998-04-17 | 2000-04-11 | Seagate Technology, Inc. | Structure for micro-machine optical tooling and method for making and using |
US6473553B1 (en) | 1998-04-17 | 2002-10-29 | Seagate Technology Llc | Apparatus for holding and engaging micro-machined objects and method for making same |
US6322903B1 (en) | 1999-12-06 | 2001-11-27 | Tru-Si Technologies, Inc. | Package of integrated circuits and vertical integration |
US6595698B2 (en) | 2000-06-13 | 2003-07-22 | Siwave, Inc. | High density fiber terminator/connector |
US20020028057A1 (en) * | 2000-06-19 | 2002-03-07 | Dautartas Mindaugas F. | Two-dimentional fiber array and method of manufacture |
US6717254B2 (en) | 2001-02-22 | 2004-04-06 | Tru-Si Technologies, Inc. | Devices having substrates with opening passing through the substrates and conductors in the openings, and methods of manufacture |
US6546182B2 (en) | 2001-05-15 | 2003-04-08 | Siwave, Inc. | Angled fiber termination and methods of making the same |
CN100381847C (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2008-04-16 | 美莎诺普有限公司 | High-precision concave type multiple fiber optical connector |
US20030002805A1 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2003-01-02 | John Trezza | Multi-piece fiber optic component and manufacturing technique |
US20030002804A1 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-01-02 | John Trezza | Multi-piece fiber optic component and manufacturing technique |
US6773166B2 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2004-08-10 | Xanoptix, Inc. | Multi-piece fiber optic component and manufacturing technique |
US6827500B2 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2004-12-07 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Precision two dimensional optical fiber array |
US7831151B2 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2010-11-09 | John Trezza | Redundant optical device array |
US20030002802A1 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-01-02 | John Trezza | Multi-piece fiber optic component and manufacturing technique |
US6787916B2 (en) | 2001-09-13 | 2004-09-07 | Tru-Si Technologies, Inc. | Structures having a substrate with a cavity and having an integrated circuit bonded to a contact pad located in the cavity |
US7813634B2 (en) | 2005-02-28 | 2010-10-12 | Tessera MEMS Technologies, Inc. | Autofocus camera |
US6913397B2 (en) * | 2002-03-04 | 2005-07-05 | Xanoptix, Inc. | Method and system for insertion of fibers of a fiber cable into a ferrule |
US20030183943A1 (en) * | 2002-03-28 | 2003-10-02 | Swan Johanna M. | Integrated circuit die and an electronic assembly having a three-dimensional interconnection scheme |
US6848177B2 (en) | 2002-03-28 | 2005-02-01 | Intel Corporation | Integrated circuit die and an electronic assembly having a three-dimensional interconnection scheme |
US6908845B2 (en) * | 2002-03-28 | 2005-06-21 | Intel Corporation | Integrated circuit die and an electronic assembly having a three-dimensional interconnection scheme |
US6955480B2 (en) * | 2002-06-17 | 2005-10-18 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Actively aligned optoelectronic device |
JP2004045686A (en) * | 2002-07-11 | 2004-02-12 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | Optical fiber array and optical fiber collimator array using the same, and optical module |
JP6049420B2 (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2016-12-21 | 三菱電線工業株式会社 | Optical connector and manufacturing method thereof |
US20150125110A1 (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2015-05-07 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Passively Placed Vertical Optical Connector |
JP7222424B2 (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2023-02-15 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Waveguide connection structure, waveguide chip, connector, manufacturing method of waveguide connection part, and waveguide connection method |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4830456A (en) * | 1986-11-15 | 1989-05-16 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical connector and process for producing the same |
US5188539A (en) * | 1991-10-10 | 1993-02-23 | Langdon Enterprises, Inc. | Quick attach/detach connector |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4341439A (en) * | 1979-10-04 | 1982-07-27 | Trw Inc. | Optical fiber connector and method of making same |
US4725114A (en) * | 1984-09-28 | 1988-02-16 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Optical waveguide lateral alignment arrangement |
US4812002A (en) * | 1986-10-24 | 1989-03-14 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Optical coupling device and method of making the same |
US4818058B1 (en) * | 1988-03-03 | 1995-04-25 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Optical connector. |
US5135590A (en) * | 1991-05-24 | 1992-08-04 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Optical fiber alignment method |
EP0530744B1 (en) * | 1991-09-04 | 1996-05-01 | The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Multicore optical connector |
US5259054A (en) * | 1992-01-10 | 1993-11-02 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Self-aligned optical subassembly |
US5315678A (en) * | 1992-03-30 | 1994-05-24 | Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Corporation | Optical fiber connector |
EP0565999A2 (en) * | 1992-04-16 | 1993-10-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Optical coupling device for two groups of waveguides |
CN1158169A (en) * | 1994-07-18 | 1997-08-27 | 桑·K·西姆 | Face-lock interconnection means for optical fibers and other optical components, and manufacturing method of the same |
-
1995
- 1995-03-03 US US08/397,941 patent/US5550942A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-02-29 CA CA002213811A patent/CA2213811A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-02-29 AU AU53570/96A patent/AU5357096A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-02-29 JP JP8526950A patent/JPH11501735A/en active Pending
- 1996-02-29 EP EP96910355A patent/EP0813694A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-02-29 WO PCT/US1996/002799 patent/WO1996027812A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-08-26 TW TW085110372A patent/TW312753B/zh active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4830456A (en) * | 1986-11-15 | 1989-05-16 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical connector and process for producing the same |
US5188539A (en) * | 1991-10-10 | 1993-02-23 | Langdon Enterprises, Inc. | Quick attach/detach connector |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP0813694A4 * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1018049A1 (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 2000-07-12 | Fiberguide Industries, Inc. | Precision optical fiber array connector and method |
EP1018049A4 (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 2000-07-12 | Fiberguide Ind Inc | Precision optical fiber array connector and method |
EP1271208A1 (en) * | 2001-06-21 | 2003-01-02 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Fiber array faceplate |
EP1619528B1 (en) * | 2004-07-23 | 2012-02-01 | Shinko Electric Industries Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device with an optical waveguide mounting member and the method of manufacturing thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2213811A1 (en) | 1996-09-12 |
AU5357096A (en) | 1996-09-23 |
JPH11501735A (en) | 1999-02-09 |
EP0813694A4 (en) | 1999-01-07 |
US5550942A (en) | 1996-08-27 |
TW312753B (en) | 1997-08-11 |
EP0813694A1 (en) | 1997-12-29 |
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