WO1996039643A1 - Actionneur electromagnetique - Google Patents
Actionneur electromagnetique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996039643A1 WO1996039643A1 PCT/JP1996/001520 JP9601520W WO9639643A1 WO 1996039643 A1 WO1996039643 A1 WO 1996039643A1 JP 9601520 W JP9601520 W JP 9601520W WO 9639643 A1 WO9639643 A1 WO 9639643A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- movable plate
- drive coil
- torsion bar
- coil
- semiconductor substrate
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/10—Scanning systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/10—Scanning systems
- G02B26/101—Scanning systems with both horizontal and vertical deflecting means, e.g. raster or XY scanners
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
- B81B3/00—Devices comprising flexible or deformable elements, e.g. comprising elastic tongues or membranes
- B81B3/0062—Devices moving in two or more dimensions, i.e. having special features which allow movement in more than one dimension
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/0816—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements
- G02B26/0833—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements the reflecting element being a micromechanical device, e.g. a MEMS mirror, DMD
- G02B26/085—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements the reflecting element being a micromechanical device, e.g. a MEMS mirror, DMD the reflecting means being moved or deformed by electromagnetic means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
- G02B7/182—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors
- G02B7/1821—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors for rotating or oscillating mirrors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
- B81B2201/00—Specific applications of microelectromechanical systems
- B81B2201/04—Optical MEMS
- B81B2201/042—Micromirrors, not used as optical switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/005—Details of electromagnetic relays using micromechanics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator based on the principle of operation of a galvano mirror manufactured using a “semiconductor manufacturing process” which is a processing step for manufacturing a semiconductor device such as a transistor and an integrated circuit (IC).
- the present invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator that has a simple structure, is inexpensive in production cost, and is resistant to impact. Background art
- the content of the aforementioned Japanese Patent Application No. 5-320524 is that a movable plate and a torsion bar for pivotally supporting the movable plate with respect to the semiconductor substrate are integrated with a semiconductor substrate.
- the movable plate is provided with a driving coil provided on a peripheral portion thereof, a mirror is provided on the movable plate, and a magnetic field generating means for applying a static magnetic field to the driving coil is provided. It is a galvano mirror that drives a plate, and is the basic form of this type of electromagnetic actuator.
- 6-9824 is that, in the aforementioned basic type, a detection coil for detecting displacement of a movable plate, which is electromagnetically coupled to a drive coil, is provided. Also, the content of the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application No. 6-310657 is an optical axis in which a mirror in the galvano mirror of Japanese Patent Application No. 5-320524 and Japanese Patent Application No. 6-9824 is replaced by a photodetector. It is a direction variable photodetector.
- the content of the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application No. 6-327369 is that the wiring pattern of a part of the torsion bar in the electromagnetic actuator such as the galvanomirror and the optical axis direction variable type photodetector described above is caused by the torsion movement of the torsion bar.
- the torsion bar itself is made conductive to make electrical connection in order to prevent disconnection due to repetition.
- FIGS. 32 and 33 are diagrams showing the configuration of the “optical axis direction variable type photodetector” which is the first related art.
- This example of related technology operates on the same principle as a galvanometer (galvanometer), as in related technology examples 2 and 3 described below. Note that the size is exaggerated in FIGS. 32 and 33 for easy understanding. The same applies to FIG. 34, FIG. 36, FIG. 37, FIG. 38, and FIG.
- the optical axis direction variable type photodetector 1 includes a flat plate as an upper and lower insulating substrate made of, for example, borosilicate glass on the upper and lower surfaces of a silicon substrate 2 which is a semiconductor substrate. It has a three-layer structure in which the upper and lower glass substrates 3 and 4 are joined.
- the upper glass substrate 3 is laminated on the left and right ends (in FIG. 32) of the silicon substrate 2 so as to open an upper portion of a movable plate 5 described later.
- the silicon substrate 2 includes a flat movable plate 5 and a torsion bar 6 that pivotally supports the movable plate 5 at a center position of the movable plate 5 so that the movable plate 5 can swing vertically with respect to the silicon substrate 2. It is integrally formed by anisotropic etching in the manufacturing process. Therefore, the movable plate 5 and the Bar 6 is also made of the same material as silicon substrate 2.
- a planar coil 7 made of a copper thin film for flowing a drive current for driving the movable plate 5 and a detection current for detecting a displacement angle superimposed on the drive current is provided on an upper peripheral portion of the movable plate 5. It is provided covered with an insulating film.
- the detection current is for detecting a displacement of the movable plate 5 based on mutual inductance with detection coils 12A and 12B provided on the lower glass substrate 4 as described later. You.
- the coil has Joule heat loss due to the resistance, and when a thin film coil having a large resistance is mounted as a planar coil 7 at high density, the driving force is limited by heat generation.
- the planar coil 7 is formed by an electro-coil method using a plating method.
- a thin nickel layer is formed on a substrate by a spar, and a nickel layer is formed on the nickel layer by electroplating, and a copper layer and a nickel layer are removed except for a portion corresponding to the coil.
- the feature is that the thin-film coil can be mounted with low resistance and high density, and is effective for miniaturization and thinning of micro magnetic devices.
- a pn photodiode 8 as a photodetector is formed by a known method. Further, a pair of electrode terminals 9, 9 which are electrically connected to the plane coil 7 via the portion of the torsion bar 6 are provided on the upper side surface of the torsion bar 6 of the silicon substrate 2. 9 and 9 are formed on the silicon substrate 2 at the same time as the planar coil 7 by the coil method.
- a magnetic field is applied to 7 parts of the flat coil on the opposite side of the movable plate 5 parallel to the axial direction of the above described contact bar 6.
- a pair of circular permanent magnets 10 A, 10 B, 11 A, and 11 B are provided.
- the upper and lower three pairs of permanent magnets 10 A and 10 B have the same upper and lower polarities, for example, as shown in Fig. 33, the lower side has N pole and the upper side has S pole. It is provided so that The other three permanent magnets 11 A and 1 IB are also provided so that the upper and lower polarities are the same. For example, as shown in Fig. 33, the lower side has an S pole and the upper side has an N pole. Have been.
- the permanent magnets 1 OA and 11 A on the upper glass substrate 3 and the permanent magnets 10 B and 11 B on the lower glass substrate 4 have opposite polarities as shown in FIG. It is set so that it becomes.
- the lower surface of the lower glass substrate 4 is provided with a pair of electrode terminals 13 and 14 which are disposed so as to be electromagnetically coupled to the plane coil 7 and whose ends are electrically connected to the paired electrode terminals 13 and 14 respectively.
- the coils 12A and 12B are patterned and provided (in FIG. 32, they are schematically shown by a single broken line, but are actually wound multiple times).
- the detection coils 12 A and 12 B are arranged symmetrically with respect to the torsion bar 6 to detect the displacement angle of the movable plate 5.
- the mutual inductance between the plane coil 7 and the detection coils 12 A and 12 B based on the current changes so that one increases and the other decreases and decreases due to the angular displacement of the movable plate 5.
- the displacement angle of the movable plate 5 can be detected by differentially detecting a change in the voltage signal output based on the mutual inductance.
- one electrode terminal 9 has a positive polarity
- the other electrode terminal 9 has a single polarity.
- the permanent magnets 1OA and 10B and the permanent magnets 11A and 11B cross the plane coil 7 along the plane of the movable plate 5 as shown by arrow B in Fig. 3-4.
- the magnetic field is shaped in such a direction
- a current flows through the planar coil 7 in the magnetic field
- the current, the magnetic flux density, and the force are applied to the planar coil 7, in other words, both ends of the movable plate 5 according to the current density and the magnetic flux density of the planar coil 7.
- the force F acts in the direction according to Fleming's left-hand rule (indicated by the arrow F in Fig. 34), and this force is obtained from the Lorentz force.
- This force F is obtained by the following equation (1), where i is the current density flowing through the planar coil 7 and B is the magnetic flux density of the upper and lower permanent magnets.
- ⁇ is the torsional moment
- G is the transverse elastic modulus
- ⁇ ⁇ is the second moment of pole area.
- L, 11 and r are the distance from the central axis of the torsion bar to the point of force, the length of the torsion bar, and the radius of the torsion bar, respectively, as shown in FIG.
- the displacement angle ⁇ of the movable plate 5 can be controlled by controlling the current flowing through the planar coil 7.
- the direction of the optical axis of the photodetector 8 can be freely controlled in a plane perpendicular to the plane, and if the displacement angle is continuously changed, the monitored object can be scanned one-dimensionally.o
- the plane coil 7 is superimposed on the drive current and used for detecting the displacement angle at a frequency at least 100 times higher than the drive current frequency. Apply detection current. Then, based on this detection current, the induced voltage due to the mutual inductance between the planar coil 7 and the detection coils 12 A and 12 B provided on the lower glass substrate 5 is set to the respective detection coils 12 A , 1 2 B.
- the induced voltages generated in the detection coils 12 A and 12 B are the movable coils 5, in other words, when the photodetector 8 is in the horizontal position, the plane coils corresponding to the detection coils 12 A and 12 B Since the distance to 7 is equal, they are equal and the difference is zero.
- the movable plate 5 is rotated about the torsion bar 6 by the driving force as described above, one of the detection coils 12A (or 12B) approaches and the mutual voltage increases, thereby causing an induced voltage. And the other detection coil 12B (or 12A) is separated and the induced voltage decreases due to the decrease in mutual inductance.
- the induced voltage generated in the detection coils 12 A and 12 B changes in accordance with the displacement of the photodetector 8, and by detecting this induced voltage, the optical axis displacement angle ⁇ of the photodetector 8 is determined. Can be detected.
- a power supply is connected to a bridge circuit configured by providing two resistors in addition to the detection coils 12A and 12B, and the detection coil 12A and the detection coil are connected.
- a circuit configured by providing a differential amplifier that receives the voltage between the midpoint of 12B and the midpoint of the two resistors the output of the differential amplifier according to the voltage difference between the two midpoints is By feeding back to the drive system of the movable plate 5 and controlling the drive current, it is possible to accurately control the optical axis displacement angle ⁇ of the photodetector 8.
- the movable section including the photodetector can be made smaller and lighter, so that the direction of the optical axis of the photodetector can be changed at high speed, and the object to be monitored can be scanned at high speed.
- the movable plate, the torsion bar, and the photodiode, which are the main components can be formed from the same semiconductor substrate by using a semiconductor manufacturing process, so that cost reduction by mass production can be expected.
- the object to be monitored is scanned by one photo diode, it is not necessary to correct variations in the characteristics of each element.
- FIG. 36 is a diagram showing a configuration of a “optical axis direction variable type photodetector” which is related art example 2. As shown in FIG.
- the related technology example 1 described above is to swing the optical axis direction in one dimension.
- two torsion bars are provided so as to be orthogonal to each other so as to be able to swing in two dimensions.
- the optical axis direction variable type photodetector 21 of this related technology example is provided on upper and lower surfaces of a silicon substrate 2 which is a semiconductor substrate, as upper and lower insulating substrates made of glass phosphate, etc., respectively.
- the upper and lower glass substrates 3 and 4 have a three-layer structure in which they are overlapped and joined as shown by arrows.
- the upper and lower glass substrates 3 and 4 have square concave portions 3 A and 4 A, respectively, formed by, for example, ultrasonic processing at the center, and are bonded to the silicon substrate 2.
- the bonding is performed such that the concave portion 3 A is located on the silicon substrate 2 side with the concave portion 3 A on the lower side, and the lower glass substrate 4 is bonded on the silicon substrate 2 side with the concave portion 4 A on the upper side. And join it.
- a swing space for the movable plate 5 on which the photodetector 8 described later is provided is secured and sealed.
- the silicon substrate 2 has a frame-shaped outer movable plate 5A, A flat movable plate 5 including an inner movable plate 5B supported inside the outer movable plate 5A is provided.
- the outer movable plate 5A is pivotally supported on the silicon substrate 2 by first torsion bars 6A and 6A, and the inner movable plate 5B is connected to the first torsion bars 6A and 6A.
- the second torsion bars 6B, 6B whose axial directions are orthogonal to each other are axially supported inside the outer movable plate 5A.
- the movable plates 5A, 5B and the first and second torsion bars 6A, 6B are integrally formed on the silicon substrate 2 by anisotropic etching, and are made of the same material as the silicon substrate 2.
- both ends are electrically connected to a pair of outer electrode terminals 9A, 9A formed on the upper surface of the silicon substrate 2 via one of the first torsion bars 6A.
- a planar coil 7A to be connected (schematically shown by one line in the figure, but having a plurality of turns on the movable plate 5A) is provided so as to be covered with an insulating layer.
- a pair of inner electrode terminals 9B, 9B formed on the silicon substrate 2 pass through the outer movable plate 5A from the second torsion bar 6B.
- These planar coils 7A and 7B are formed by the above-described electrode coil method using the above-mentioned known electroplating, similarly to Related Art Example 1.
- the outer and inner electrode terminals 9A and 9B are formed on the silicon substrate 2 at the same time as the planar coils 7A and 7B by the coil method.
- a photodiode 8 is formed by a known method.
- a magnetic field is applied to the planar coil 7B of the inner movable plate 5B with the permanent magnets 12B and 13B of the inner movable plate 5B, and the inner movable plate 5B is rotationally driven by interaction with a drive current flowing through the planar coil 7B.
- the permanent magnets 1 OA and 11 A facing each other have the upper and lower polarities opposite to each other.For example, when the upper surface of the permanent magnet 1 OA is the S pole, the upper surface of the permanent magnet 11 A is provided as the N pole.
- the magnetic flux is arranged so as to cross in parallel with the plane coil portion of the movable plate 5.
- the relationship between the corresponding permanent magnets 1 OA and 10B in the vertical direction is such that the upper and lower polarities are the same, for example, when the upper surface of the permanent magnet 1 OA has the S pole, the upper surface of the permanent magnet 108 also has three poles.
- Other permanent magnets 11A and 11B, permanent magnets 12A and 12B, and permanent magnets 13A and 13B, which correspond to the upper and lower sides, are also the same. The force will act in the direction of movement.
- the above-described planar coils 7A and 7B and detection coils 15A and 15B and 16A and 16B, which are arranged so as to be electromagnetically coupled, are provided in a patterned manner.
- the detection coils 15A and 15B are provided at symmetrical positions with respect to the first measurement bar 6A, and the detection coils 16A and 16B are provided at symmetrical positions with respect to the second torsion bar 6B to form a pair. .
- a pair of detection coils 15A and 15B detect the displacement angle of the outer movable plate 5A.
- the plane coil 7A and the detection coil 15A based on the detection current flowing through the plane coil 7A superimposed on the driving current are used.
- the mutual inductance between A and 15B changes due to the angular displacement of the outer movable plate 5A, and an electric signal corresponding to this change is output. With this electric signal, the displacement angle of the outer movable plate 5A can be detected.
- the pair of detection coils 16A and 16B similarly detect the displacement angle of the inner movable plate 5B.
- the outer movable plate 5A rotates in accordance with the current direction with the first storage bar 6A, 6A as a fulcrum, and at this time
- the movable plate 5B also rotates integrally with the outer movable plate 5A.
- the photodiode 8 operates in the same manner as in the first related art.
- a drive current is applied to the planar coil 7B of the inner movable plate 5B
- the inner movable plate 5B is secondarily moved relative to the outer movable plate 5A in a direction perpendicular to the rotation direction of the outer movable plate 5A. Rotation is performed around the fulcrum 6B, 6B.
- the driving current of the planar coil 7B is controlled to displace the inner movable plate 5B by a certain angle.
- the optical axis of the photodiode 8 can be moved two-dimensionally, and the object to be monitored can be scanned in two dimensions.
- the detection current is superimposed on the drive currents flowing through the plane coils 7A and 7B and the detection current is passed, the detection coils 15A and 15B and the plane coil 7A and the detection coil 16A , 16 B and the mutual inductance of the planar coil 7 B, and the displacement of the outer movable plate 5 A is For example, it can be detected by the differential output of the detection coils 15A and 15B through the same circuit as in Fig. 35, and the difference between the displacement detection coils 16A and 16B of the inner movable plate 5B can be detected.
- the scanning of the monitoring target can be performed two-dimensionally, and the scanning area is increased as compared with the case of the one axis of the related technology example 1. Can be done. Further, since the swinging space of the movable plate 5 is sealed by the upper and lower glass substrates 3 and 4 and the surrounding silicon substrate 2, the rotating space of the movable plate 5 is adjusted by evacuating the sealed space. This has the effect that the air resistance to the movable plates 5A and 5B is improved and the responsiveness of the movable plates 5A and 5B is improved.
- the closed movable plate swing space is not evacuated and helium is used. It is preferable to fill an inert gas such as argon, argon, etc., and particularly, helium having good heat conductivity is preferable. This is because when the amount of current flowing through the planar coil 7 is increased, the amount of heat generated from the planar coil 7 increases, and when the surroundings of the movable plates 5A and 5B are in a vacuum state, the heat radiation from the movable plate deteriorates.
- an inert gas such as argon, argon, etc.
- the heat radiation from the movable plates 5A and 5B can be increased compared to a vacuum state, and the heat effect can be reduced.
- the responsiveness of the movable plates 5A and 5B is slightly lower than that in the vacuum state.
- the movable plate portion may have a closed structure as a structure having such concave portions.
- FIG. 37, FIG. 38, and FIG. 39 are diagrams showing the configuration of “optical axis direction variable type photodetector” which is the third related art.
- This related art example is a two-axis example similar to related art example 2.
- the same elements as in Related Technical Example 2 are given the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- the two-axis optical axis direction variable type photodetector 31 of the related technology example has substantially the same configuration as the related technology example 2 described above, but in the related technology example, FIG. 37 to FIG.
- the upper and lower glass substrates 3 and 4 are different from those of the related art example 2 in that they are flat without concave portions 3A and 4A.
- the upper glass substrate 3 is provided with a rectangular opening 3a in the upper part of the movable plate 5 according to the shape of the movable plate 5, and the upper part of the photodiode 8 is opened so that the detection light is directly transmitted to the photodiode 8. It is designed to be able to enter.
- the intermediate silicon substrate 2 is stacked on top of another silicon substrate to form a three-layer structure, and the movable plate 5 is formed on the intermediate layer.
- the rotation space of the movable plate 5 is secured.
- detection coils 15A and 15B for detecting the displacement of the outer movable plate 5A and for detecting the displacement of the inner movable plate 5B are provided on the lower surface of the lower glass substrate 4.
- the detection coils 16 A and 16 B of the related art are patterned and provided at positions where they can be electromagnetically coupled to the corresponding planar coils 7 A and 7 B. Same as 2, and description is omitted.
- a photodiode is formed as a photodetector.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention can be implemented by forming a line sensor composed of a plurality of photodiodes or an area sensor.
- the present invention can be implemented by using a phototransistor, a photoconductor, a CCD, or the like as a light detecting element. If necessary, a microlens for converging incident light is provided on the front surface of these photodetectors.
- the scanning is performed linearly. However, depending on the target, the scanning may be performed in a concentric or spiral manner.
- the center of the movable plate is pivotally supported by the torsion bar.
- the invention is not limited to this.
- the end of the movable plate is pivotally supported at the right side of the movable plate 5 in FIG.
- one detection coil is provided on the left side to detect the displacement angle.
- the drive current and the detection current are applied to the plane coil provided on the movable plate, but when the frequency of the drive current is as high as several kilohertz, the drive current is also used as the detection current.
- the present invention can be implemented without superimposing the detection current.
- the displacement angle is detected based on the difference between the outputs of the two detection coils.
- the embodiment can be implemented by providing one detection coil and detecting the displacement angle based on the output.
- the "electromagnetic actuator” such as a galvano-mirror or the like in which the optical axis variable type photodetector of the related art example and the photodetector in the optical axis variable type photodetector are replaced with a mirror is
- the moving parts can be made small and lightweight, so that high-speed scanning can be performed. Since a semiconductor manufacturing process can be used, cost reduction by mass production can be expected. By the way, when driving such a small electromagnetic actuator, heat generation is the most problematic.
- the number of turns of the drive coil is large. If there are many windings, the resistance will increase and the amount of heat generated will increase. Therefore, in order to reduce this calorific value, the drive coil is formed by the electro-coil method by electroplating to reduce the resistance.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of wiring in a tossion bar. Since this wiring is formed simultaneously with the drive coil, when the drive coil is formed by the electric coil method as described above, the film thickness becomes large.
- FIG. 8 (a) shows an example using the electrode coil method, in which thick wirings 82, 83 are formed on a transmission chamber 81.
- FIG. 8 (b) shows an example of the aluminum evaporation method, in which thin wirings 85 and 86 are formed on a torsion bar 84. Comparing the examples of (a) and (b), the experience shows that the characteristics of (b) are more stable. Part (a) seems to have been partially destroyed by the torsion bar 81. This is estimated from the fact that the DC resistance of the drive coil increases from a certain point.
- the present invention has been made under such a circumstance, and has as its first object to provide an electromagnetic actuator having a stable life at a low cost.
- the small volume of a small electromagnetic actuator means that it has a small heat capacity, and the consumption of power by applying too much power means that the device must be protected from destruction due to temperature rise. Is preferred I don't. Therefore, this device has a structure in which the spring constant of the torsion bar (torsion beam) is reduced, that is, a large displacement can be obtained with a small current. Therefore, the partition supporting the movable plate is thin.
- the torsion bar that supports the movable plate is thin in this way, if an acceleration ⁇ is applied to the mass m of the movable plate when a strong impact is received, supporting the ma force with the torsion bar, which is a spring, is The larger it is, the more difficult it is. For example, if the electromagnetic actuator is dropped on the floor, the probability of being destroyed is high.
- the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and a second object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic actuator that is strong against impact. Further, in the event of this electromagnetic actuation, the lead wire of the drive coil passes through the portion of the drive bar, and there is a risk of disconnection.
- the torsion bar itself is made electrically conductive for electrical connection in order to prevent this disconnection. Impurities must be diffused to the surface, which increases the number of processes and increases costs.
- the present invention has been made under such a circumstance, and it is a third object of the present invention to provide a low-cost electronic actuator that does not require an electrical connection in a toy chamber, has a long life, and has a long life. Things. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention simplifies the configuration with both the first drive coil and the second drive coil having one turn, and also simplifies the manufacturing process by forming the drive coil from an aluminum vapor-deposited film.
- the electromagnetic actuator is configured in detail as shown in (1) and (2) below.
- the manufacturing method of the electromagnetic actuator is configured as follows (3), (4) and (5).
- an outer movable plate integrally formed on a semiconductor substrate; a first torsion bar for pivotally supporting the outer movable plate with respect to the semiconductor substrate; and an inner movable plate inside the outer movable body.
- a first torsion bar and a second torsion bar whose axial direction is orthogonal to the first torsion bar, for pivotally supporting the inner movable plate with respect to the outer movable plate.
- a one-turn first drive coil provided on a peripheral portion; a second drive coil provided on a peripheral portion of the inner movable plate and connected in series with the first drive coil; and the first drive coil.
- a magnetic field generating means for applying a static magnetic field to the second drive coil; and an optical element formed on the inner movable plate, wherein the optical element is generated by flowing a current through the first drive coil and the second drive coil.
- Outer movable plate, inner movable plate Electromagnetic Akuchiyue Ichita for varying the optical axis direction of the optical element by driving.
- a first-turn closed first drive coil provided on the inner movable plate, a one-turn closed second drive coil provided on a peripheral portion of the inner movable plate, and a first-drive closed coil and a second-drive coil.
- a magnetic field generating means for applying a magnetic field and an optical element formed on the inner movable plate, wherein the outer movable plate and the inner plate are formed by a force generated by flowing a current through the first drive coil and the second drive coil.
- An aluminum film is formed on a semiconductor substrate by aluminum evaporation.
- the configuration of the drive coil is simplified and the yield is improved.
- the manufacturing process can be simplified and the life of the driving coil is stabilized.
- an electromagnetic actuator in an electromagnetic actuator, at least one side of the movable plate is opposed to prevent excessive displacement of the movable plate when receiving an impact.
- the movable plate is provided in a thin film shape.
- the electromagnetic actuator is configured in detail as shown in the following (6) to (11).
- a movable plate integrally formed with the semiconductor substrate, a torsion bar for pivotally supporting the movable plate with respect to the semiconductor substrate, a drive coil provided at a peripheral portion of the movable plate, and a drive coil;
- a magnetic field generating means for applying a static magnetic field to the movable plate; and an optical element formed on the movable plate, wherein the movable plate is driven by a force generated by passing a current through the drive coil, and an optical axis direction of the optical element is driven.
- An electromagnetic actuating unit that varies at least one side of the movable plate, and opposes at least one surface of the movable plate, and prevents excessive displacement of the movable plate when receiving an impact.
- an outer movable plate integrally formed with the semiconductor substrate, a first torsion bar for pivotally supporting the outer movable plate with respect to the semiconductor substrate, and an inner movable plate inside the outer movable body.
- a first torsion bar and a second torsion bar whose axial direction is orthogonal to the first movable bar, which rotatably supports the inner movable plate with respect to the outer movable plate.
- Electromagnetic actuator that changes the direction of the optical axis of the optical element A stub for preventing the excessive displacement of the outer movable plate and the inner movable plate when subjected to an impact, at least in opposition to at least one surface of the outer movable plate and the inner movable plate; Electromagnetic actuator.
- An electromagnetic actuator wherein the movable plate is a thin film of the semiconductor substrate.
- An outer movable plate integrally formed on a semiconductor substrate, and the outer movable plate A first torsion bar pivotally supported on the semiconductor substrate, an inner movable plate inside the outer movable body, and the inner movable plate pivotally supported on the outer movable plate.
- a first torsion bar and a second torsion bar whose axis is orthogonal to the first torsion bar, a first drive coil provided at a peripheral portion of the outer movable plate, and a second drive bar provided at a peripheral portion of the inner movable plate.
- An electromagnetic actuator that drives the outer movable plate and the inner movable plate by a force generated by passing a current through the drive coil to change the optical axis direction of the optical element, wherein the outer movable plate and the inner movable plate are movable.
- the moving plate is the semiconductor substrate Electromagnetic Akuchu E one data is obtained by a thin film-like.
- the electromagnetic actuator is described in the following (12) to (18), and the manufacturing method of the electromagnetic actuator is described in the following (19). ) And (20).
- a static magnetic field is applied to this drive coil.
- An electromagnetic actuator that drives the movable plate to change the optical axis direction of the optical element.
- An outer movable plate integrally formed with the semiconductor substrate, a first torsion bar for pivotally supporting the outer movable plate with respect to the semiconductor substrate, and an inner side of the outer movable body.
- the first drive coil and the second drive coil via the primary coil. It said outer movable plate, electromagnetic Akuchiyueta by driving the inner movable plate you vary the optical axis direction of the optical element by a force generated by supplying a current to.
- a movable plate integrally formed on a semiconductor substrate, a torsion bar for pivotally supporting the movable plate with respect to the semiconductor substrate, and a diode provided on a peripheral portion of the movable plate.
- a driving coil forming a closed circuit through the magnetic field, a magnetic field generating means for applying a static magnetic field to the driving coil, an optical element formed on the movable plate, and a primary coil electromagnetically coupled to the driving coil.
- An electromagnetic actuator that energizes the drive coil by a next coil and drives the movable plate by a force generated by passing a demodulation current through the drive coil to change the optical axis direction of the optical element.
- An outer movable plate integrally formed on a semiconductor substrate, and the outer movable plate A first torsion bar pivotally supporting the second movable member 2 with respect to the semiconductor substrate; an inner movable plate inside the outer movable member; and a movable inner plate movable with respect to the outer movable plate.
- Magnetic field generating means for providing the following: an optical element formed on the inner movable plate; a primary coil electromagnetically coupled to the first drive coil and the second drive coil; Energize the second drive coil and the second drive coil.
- An electromagnetic actuator that drives the outer movable plate and the inner movable plate with a force generated by passing a demodulation current through the drive coil to change the optical axis direction of the optical element.
- the movable plate, the torsion bar, and the drive coil are disposed in a vacuum-sealed or gas-sealed region, and the primary coil is disposed outside the region (12) to (15).
- An electromagnetic actuator according to any one of the above.
- an outer movable plate integrally formed with the semiconductor substrate, a first torsion bar for pivotally supporting the outer movable plate with respect to the semiconductor substrate, and an inner movable plate inside the outer movable body
- a first torsion bar and a second torsion bar the axial direction of which is orthogonal to the first torsion bar, for pivotally supporting the inner movable plate with respect to the outer movable plate.
- a first drive coil forming a closed circuit provided on the periphery of the first movable coil
- a second drive coil forming a closed circuit provided on the periphery of the inner movable plate
- the first drive coil and the second drive coil are examples of the first drive coil and the second drive coil.
- Magnetic field generating means for applying a static magnetic field to the driving coil, an optical element formed on the inner movable plate, and a primary coil electromagnetically coupled to the second driving coil, and an external current is applied to the primary coil.
- the primary coil An electromagnetic actuator that drives the outer movable plate and the inner movable plate with a force generated by passing a current through the drive coil through the drive coil to change the optical axis direction of the optical element.
- an outer movable plate integrally formed with the semiconductor substrate, a first torsion bar for pivotally supporting the outer movable plate with respect to the semiconductor substrate, and an inner movable plate inside the outer movable body.
- a first torsion bar and a second torsion bar having an axial direction orthogonal to the first torsion bar, the second torsion bar being pivotally supported on the inner movable plate with respect to the outer movable plate.
- a first drive coil provided on a peripheral portion, a second drive coil provided on a peripheral portion of the inner movable plate and forming a closed circuit via a diode, and a first drive coil and a second drive coil.
- a magnetic field generating means for applying a static magnetic field to the drive coil; an optical element formed on the inner movable plate; and a primary coil electromagnetically coupled to the second drive coil. And the second drive by the primary coil.
- An electromagnetic actuator that energizes a coil and applies a demodulation current to the second drive coil to drive the outer movable plate and the inner movable plate by the generated force to change the optical axis direction of the optical element. evening.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the first embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a manufacturing process (part 1) of the first embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a manufacturing process (part 2) of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process (part 3) of the first embodiment
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a driving method of the first embodiment
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process (part 1) of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process (part 2) of the second embodiment
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of wiring on the torsion bar
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the third embodiment FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the arrangement of the permanent magnets in the third embodiment
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of a torsion bar
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a cantilever
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a torsion bar.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the manufacturing process (part 1) of the third embodiment
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the manufacturing process (part 2) of the third embodiment
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the manufacturing process (part 1) of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process (part 2) of the fourth embodiment
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process (1) of the fifth embodiment
- FIG. 19 is a manufacturing process of the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing (2), FIG.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process (part 1) of Example 6,
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process (2) of Example 6, and
- FIG. FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process (No. 3) of FIG. 6,
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of Example 7,
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process (No. 1) of a chip of Example 7,
- FIG. 26 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process of the support of the seventh embodiment
- FIG. 27 is a diagram showing an assembly process of the seventh embodiment,
- Figure 28 is an explanatory diagram of the driving method of the seventh embodiment
- FIG. 29 is a diagram illustrating an example of the resonance characteristics of the seventh embodiment, FIG.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the eighth embodiment, and FIG. Explanatory drawing of the main part configuration and driving method of Example 9, FIG. 32 is a diagram showing the configuration of Related Technology Example 1, FIG. 33 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 33, and FIG. Fig. 35 is an explanatory diagram of the displacement angle detection of the movable plate in Related Art Example 1.
- FIG. 36 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of Related Technology Example 2
- FIG. 37 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of Related Technology Example 3
- FIG. 38 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 37
- FIG. 37 is a sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an “electromagnetic actuator” according to the first embodiment.
- the optical element mirror, light-receiving element, light-emitting element, etc.
- the first drive coil 102 and the second drive coil 103 are both formed as a thin-film one-turn coil and connected in series with each other.
- This embodiment is different from the related art example 2 in the arrangement of the permanent magnet 106 and the driving method of the electromagnetic actuator, in addition to the configuration of the driving coil described above.
- the function of the permanent magnet as an electromagnetic actuator due to the SB arrangement.
- the component of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnets 105, 106 orthogonal to the drive coil is used, The number of magnets is reduced, the structure is simplified, and the price is reduced.
- the right side is a plan view of a silicon substrate or the like, and the left side is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′ and viewed from the direction of the arrow.
- Oxide films 201 and 202 are formed on the upper and lower surfaces of a silicon substrate 200 by oxidation in the step.
- portions other than the peripheral portion 203, the outer movable plate portion 204, and the inner movable plate portion 205 of the oxide film 202 are removed by photolithography and oxide film etching.
- a thin oxide film 206 is formed by oxidation on the portion where the oxide film 202 has been removed in the step (b).
- step (d) portions of the oxide film 206 other than the first torsion bar portion 207 and the second torsion bar portion 208 are removed by photolithography and oxide film etching.
- step (e) the part removed in the step (d) is anisotropically etched.
- step (F) The oxide film 206 remaining in the process is removed by oxide film etching.
- G) In the step, a first torsion bar 207, an outer movable plate 208, a second torsion bar 209, and an inner movable plate 210 are formed by anisotropic etching.
- An aluminum film 211 is formed on the oxide film 201 on the upper surface of the silicon substrate 200 by aluminum evaporation in the step.
- the terminal 212, the wiring 213 on the first torsion bar, the one-turn first drive coil 102, the second torsion bar are formed from the aluminum film 211 by photolithography and aluminum etching.
- the upper K-line 214, the second drive coil 103, and the mirror 215, which is an optical element, are formed simultaneously.
- the first drive coil 102 and the second drive coil 103 are connected in series and connected to a terminal 212.
- An organic protective film 216 is formed by photolithography so as to surround the first driving coil 1 C 2 and the second driving coil 103 by photolithography.
- the chip 101 is placed on and adhered to 220, and permanent magnets 105 and 106 are mounted on the diagonal of the chip 101 in the step (m) as shown in FIG. 1 to complete the electromagnetic actuator 100.
- the first drive coil 102 and the second drive coil 103 are connected in series as shown in FIGS. 1, 3 (i) and 5 (a).
- the first drive coil 102 and the second drive coil 103 are driven by the same current i. Therefore, in this embodiment, the outer movable plate and the inner movable plate driven by the first drive coil 102 and the inner movable plate driven by the second The movable plates are separately driven so that the optical axis direction of the optical element 104 is two-dimensionally swung.
- the resonance frequency of the outer movable plate is 400 Hz and the resonance frequency of the inner movable plate is 1600 Hz.
- the output voltage e 1 variable sine wave AC power source 51 at a frequency 400 Hz (fx), and an output voltage e 2 varying sine wave AC power source 52 at a frequency 1600 Hz (f 2) Connect in series and connect to terminal 212 of electromagnetic actuator 100. Then, the outer movable plate is excited by the output of the AC power supply 51 and resonates at 400 Hz around the X axis, and the inner movable plate is excited by the AC power supply 52 and resonates at 1600 Hz around the Y axis.
- the optical axis direction of the optical element 104 is two-dimensionally drawn as a Lissajous figure as shown in FIG. 5 (b). Swing. If the ratio between the resonance frequencies of the outer movable plate and the inner movable plate is set so as not to be an integer ratio, the Lissajous figure moves with time, enabling fine scanning.
- the swing in the X-axis direction changes by changing the voltage of the AC power supply 51, and the shake in the Y-axis direction changes by changing the voltage of the AC power supply 52.
- the mechanical Q at the resonance of the movable plate of this type of electromagnetic actuator is high, and the amplitude decays considerably when the power supply frequency is shifted by several Hz.
- the AC power source 51 does not excite the inner driving plate, and the AC power source 52 does not excite the outer movable plate.
- the displacement angle of the movable plate cannot be detected by the detection coil and the displacement angle cannot be feedback-controlled as in Related Technology Example 2, so that the detection coil is unnecessary.
- Fig. 5 (a) shows an example of driving with a voltage source (small internal impedance).
- a current source high internal impedance
- the two power supplies are connected in parallel to terminals 2 and 12. .
- the first drive coil and the second drive coil are connected in series with each other in one turn, so that the number of terminals, wiring on the transmission bar, and the number of drive coils are reduced.
- the structure is greatly simplified as compared with the related art example 2 and the like, and the wiring of the first driving coil, the second driving coil, the terminal, the first torsion bar and the second torsion bar, and the mirror are described.
- One is that it is formed by photolithography and aluminum etching from an aluminum deposition film, so the number of masks is reduced by half compared to the related art example 2 and the like, and the manufacturing method is greatly simplified. For this reason, it can be manufactured at a good yield with a low cost.
- the wiring on the drive coil and torsion bar is made of an aluminum vapor-deposited film, which is much thinner than the copper film formed by the electrode coil method of Related Technology Example 2 and the like, and is made of aluminum, which is softer than copper. Good long life can be expected (Example 2)
- the first drive coil and the second drive coil are formed as a one-turn closed circuit, and the chip supporting portion is provided with a concave portion as in the first embodiment, or as described in Related Art Example 3 described above. In this way, it is possible to provide an electromagnetic actuator that eliminates the need to provide a sensor.
- Oxide films 301 and 302 are formed on the upper and lower surfaces of a silicon substrate 300 by oxidation in the step.
- (B) In the process, portions of the oxide film 302 other than the peripheral portion 303 are removed by photolithography and oxide film etching.
- a thin oxide film 304 is formed by oxidation at the place where the oxide film 302 was removed in the step (b).
- (D) In the process, the oxide film 304 is removed by photolithography and oxide film etching except for the first torsion bar portion 305, the outer movable plate portion 306, the second torsion bar portion 307, and the inner movable plate portion 308.
- the portion removed in the step (d) is anisotropically etched.
- the oxide film 304 remaining in the step is removed by oxide film etching.
- the lower surface is further anisotropically etched in the step.
- An aluminum film 309 is formed on the oxide film 301 by vapor deposition of aluminum in the step.
- the first drive coil 310 of a one-turn closed circuit, the second drive coil 31 1 of a one-turn closed circuit, and a mirror as an optical element are formed from the aluminum film 309 by photolithography and aluminum etching.
- An organic protective film 313 is formed around the first drive coil 310 and the second drive coil 311 by photolithography in the process. Unnecessary portions of the oxide film 301 are removed by oxide film etching in the step (k) to complete the chip 320.
- Chip on Pyrex glass substrate 321 prepared separately in process The substrate is placed on the substrate and bonded by anodic bonding.
- the anodic bonding is performed by combining the smooth surfaces of the silicon and glass substrates.
- a negative voltage of several 100 V is applied to the glass side to join.
- the ions on the glass substrate are biased, and an electrostatic attraction is generated between the silicon substrate and the glass substrate, and the silicon substrate and the glass substrate are bonded by a chemical bond.
- the first drive coil 310 and the second drive coil 311 are closed circuits, and the terminals of the first drive coil and the second drive coil are provided outside. Because there is no, drive is done wirelessly. That is, a primary coil that is electromagnetically coupled to the first drive coil 310 and the second drive coil 311 is prepared, and the primary coil is provided with an AC power having a resonance frequency of the outer movable plate and an inner movable coil. By driving by connecting an AC power supply having a resonance frequency of the plate, the optical axis direction of the optical element 312 can be two-dimensionally shifted as in the first embodiment.
- the first drive coil and the second drive coil are both closed for one turn, and the wiring on the terminal and the torsion bar is not required.
- the first drive coil, the second drive coil, and the mirror are formed from aluminum evaporation by photolithography and aluminum etching, so that the mask is smaller than that of the related technology example 2.
- the number is reduced by half, and the manufacturing method is greatly simplified. As a result, the yield is good and the production can be performed at a low cost.
- the first drive coil and the second drive coil are formed from an aluminum vapor-deposited film, the stability of the characteristics is good and a long life can be expected.
- Each of the above embodiments is an example of an electromagnetic actuator having two movable plates, an outer movable plate, an inner movable plate, and a movable plate.
- the configuration can be simplified and the manufacturing method can be simplified in the same manner as described above.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an “electromagnetic actuator” according to the third embodiment.
- the optical element mirror, light-receiving element, light-emitting element, etc.
- the outer movable plate stopper 6 1 2, 6 1 3 and Stono for the inner movable plate. This is an example in which 6 14 is provided.
- This embodiment is different from Related Art Example 2 in the arrangement of the permanent magnets as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 except that the stove is provided.
- the function as an electromagnetic actuator due to the arrangement of the permanent magnets.
- the number of permanent magnets is reduced by utilizing the component of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnets that is orthogonal to the drive coil. The company is simplifying its structure and trying to lower prices.
- a torsion bar that pivotally supports a movable plate has the structure shown in FIG.
- (a) is a sectional view of the torsion bar
- (b) is a plan view of a part of the torsion bar
- (c) is a perspective view of the torsion bar portion.
- the torsion bar T is strong in the left-right direction, but weak in the up-down direction.
- a torsion bar (beam) is made using a silicon wafer, the shape becomes as shown in Fig. 13, so it is easily assumed that the torsion bar is more vulnerable to shocks in the vertical direction than in the horizontal direction. It can be seen that it is better to prevent excessive displacement due to impact on the vehicle.
- the probability of breakage of the torsion bar can be reduced by using a structure in which the torsion bar is provided below the movable plate.
- FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 are diagrams showing the manufacturing process of “Electromagnetic actuator” provided with the stopper of this embodiment.
- the size, especially the thickness, is exaggerated for clarity. The same applies to FIGS. 16 to 22 described later.
- the right side is a plan view of the silicon substrate 600
- the left side is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′ and viewed from the direction of the arrow.
- Oxide films 601 and 602 are formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the silicon substrate 600 by oxidation in the step.
- B In the step, a part of the oxide film 601 is removed by photolithography and oxide film etching.
- C In the step, the silicon surface of the removed portion of the oxide film 601 is further etched.
- D A thin oxide film 603 is formed by oxidation on the silicon surface etched in the step.
- portions of the oxide film 603 other than the outer movable plate stoppers 612 and 613 and the inner movable plate stopper 614 are removed by photolithography and oxide film etching.
- a Pyrex glass plate 604 is bonded to the surface of the silicon substrate 600 on which the stoppers 612, 613, 614 are not provided by an anodic bonding method.
- the silicon substrate 600 is anisotropically etched except for the chip support 605 and the stoppers 612, 613, and 614, and in the step (h), the chip support 605, the stove, , 613 and 614 parts of the oxide film are removed by etching to obtain a chip support 700.
- a chip 611 composed of a movable plate, a torsion bar, a driving coil and the like manufactured separately is bonded onto the chip support 700 formed by the above process.
- (J) Place permanent magnets 616 in the process and Chiyuta 6 10 is completed. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 10, a chip, a pump 611, and a permanent magnet 616 are arranged at the positions shown in the figure in a package which also serves as a pin 622, and a wire 624 The necessary connections are made in the above to complete the electromagnetic actuator 6110.
- anodic bonding is a technique in which a silicon substrate and a glass substrate are heated to 400 * ⁇ together, and then a negative voltage of several 100 V is applied to the glass side to perform bonding. is there. At this time, ions in the glass substrate are separated, an electrostatic attraction is generated between the silicon substrate and the glass substrate, and bonding is performed by chemical bonding at the interface.
- a beam-shaped stopper 6 1 2 extending in parallel with the torsion bar is provided outside the movable range of the movable plate with respect to one surface of the movable plate. , 6 13, 6 14 prevent excessive displacement of the movable plate with a stop when an external impact is applied, thereby avoiding breaking of the torsion bar. Also, when the movable plate is driven excessively for some reason, the stoppers 6 12, 6 13, and 6 14 prevent excessive displacement of the movable plate and break the torsion bar. can avoid.
- FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 are diagrams showing the manufacturing process of “Electromagnetic Actuator” which is the fourth embodiment.
- the schematic configuration and operation of this embodiment are the same as those of the third embodiment, that is, the same as those of the related art example 2.
- the mass of the movable plate is reduced by the above-described second method, and the external structure is reduced.
- This is an example in which the movable plate is prevented from being excessively displaced when an impact is applied to the bar to break the torsion bar.
- the mass of the movable plate will be 1 Z4 compared to the conventional one.
- a 200 / zm thick silicon substrate (wafer) is used and the movable plate is etched to a thickness of 100 ⁇ .
- Oxide films 801 and 802 are formed on the upper and lower surfaces of a silicon substrate 800 having a thickness of 200 ⁇ by oxidation in the step.
- a thin oxide film 803 is formed by oxidation in the step.
- the portions of the oxide film 803 other than the portion 804 of the first chamber, the outer movable plate portion 805, the second torsion bar portion 806, and the inner movable plate portion 807 are formed. Remove the part.
- the portion etched in the oxide film in the step (d) is further anisotropically etched.
- the oxide film 803 remaining in the step is removed by oxide film etching.
- a first torsion bar 808, an outer movable plate 809, a second torsion bar 810, and an inner movable plate 811 having a thickness of 100 m are formed by anisotropic etching.
- an aluminum film 901 is formed on the oxide film 801 by aluminum evaporation.
- the first drive coil 902 on the outer movable plate peripheral portion, the second drive coil 903 on the inner movable plate peripheral portion, and the central portion of the inner movable plate are formed by photolithography and aluminum etching from the aluminum film 901.
- a mirror 904, which is an optical element, is formed at the same time.
- an organic protective film 905 is selectively formed on the peripheral portion, the first drive coil 902, and the second drive coil 903 by photolithography.
- the unnecessary oxide film 802 is removed by oxide film etching, and the main part of the electromagnetic actuator is removed. Complete chip 900. Then, the chip 900 is sandwiched between upper and lower glass substrates as shown in Related Technology Example 2, and permanent magnets are arranged as in Embodiment 1 to assemble an electromagnetic actuator.
- the movable plate is formed in a thin film shape from the silicon substrate, the mass of the movable plate is small, and the movable plate acts on the movable plate when subjected to an external impact or the like. Since the force is small, the movable plate can be prevented from being excessively displaced and the torsion bar from being broken.
- FIGS. 18 and 19 are diagrams showing the manufacturing process of “Electromagnetic Actuary” which is the fifth embodiment.
- this embodiment is an example in which the above-described first method and second method are combined. That is, an example in which a stopper is provided and the mass of the movable plate is reduced will be described with reference to FIGS.
- step (a) In the process, the upper and lower surfaces of the silicon substrate 300 having a thickness of 200 ⁇ are oxidized to form oxide films 501 and 502.
- steps other than the stopper portions 503, 504, 505 and the peripheral portion 506 of the oxide film 502 are removed by photolithography and oxide film etching.
- step (c) a thin oxide film 507 is formed by oxidation.
- step (D) In the process, by photolithography and oxide film etching, the peripheral portion 506 of the oxide film 507, the first migration bar portion 508, the outer movable plate portion 509, the second migration bar portion 510, and the inner movable portion are formed. The part excluding the plate part 511 is removed.
- the portion from which the oxide film 507 has been removed in the step (d) is further anisotropically etched.
- the oxide film 507 remaining by the oxide film etching in the step is removed.
- G In the step, further, by anisotropic etching, the first option bar 512, the outer movable plate 513, the inner movable plate 5 14 and the second torsion bar 5 15 are formed.
- an aluminum film 516 is formed on the oxide film 501 by aluminum evaporation.
- an organic protective film 519 is formed on the peripheral portion, the first drive coil 517 and the second drive coil 518 by photolithography.
- K The remaining oxide film 502 is removed by the oxide film etching in the process, and a chip 502 as a main part of the electromagnetic actuator is completed.
- the chip 520 obtained in the step (k) is arranged and adhered on the chip support 550 obtained in the same step as in the third embodiment. After that, the permanent magnets are arranged diagonally to the chip 520 as in the third embodiment, and the electromagnetic actuator is completed.
- the stopper is provided and the mass of the movable plate is reduced, it is possible to reliably prevent the destruction of the transmission bar due to the impact.
- FIG. 20, FIG. 21, and FIG. 22 are views showing the manufacturing process of “Electromagnetic actuator” which is the sixth embodiment.
- the schematic configuration and operation of this embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- a stopper is provided and the mass of the movable plate is reduced, but the manufacturing process is more practical.
- the upper and lower surfaces of a silicon substrate 400 having a thickness of 200 ⁇ m are oxidized to form oxide films 401 and 402.
- portions other than the peripheral portion 403 of the oxide film 402 are removed by photolithography and oxide film etching.
- a thin oxide film 404 is formed by oxidation.
- the portions other than the first torsion bar portion 405, the outer movable plate portion 406, the second torsion bar portion 407, and the inner movable plate portion 408 of the oxide film 402 are formed by photolithography and oxide film etching. Remove parts.
- the part removed in the step (d) is anisotropically etched.
- the oxide film 404 remaining by the oxidation in the step is removed.
- a first torsion bar 409, an outer movable plate 410, a second torsion bar 411, and an inner movable plate 412 are formed by anisotropic etching.
- An aluminum film 413 is formed on the oxide film 401 by aluminum evaporation in the step.
- the first driving coil 414 on the outer movable plate peripheral portion, the second driving coil 415 on the inner movable plate peripheral portion, and the optical element in the center portion of the inner movable plate are obtained by photolithography, aluminum plating and singing.
- Mirror 416 is formed.
- an organic protective film 418 is formed on the first drive coil 414, the second drive coil 415, and the peripheral portion 417 by photolithography.
- K The remaining oxide films 401 and 402 are removed by the oxide film etching in the process, and a chip 419 as a main part of the electromagnetic actuator is completed.
- the upper and lower surfaces of the silicon substrate 420 are oxidized in the process to form oxide films 421 and 422.
- steps (m) portions of the oxide films 420 and 421 other than the outer movable plate stopper portions 423 and 425 and the inner movable plate stopper portion 424 are removed by photolithography and oxide film etching.
- a Pyrex glass plate 426 is joined to the lower surface of the silicon substrate 420 by hidden junction.
- the portions other than the stopper portions 423, 424, 425 on the silicon substrate 420 are removed by anisotropic etching to complete the chip support 427.
- the chip 419 and the chip support 427 are joined by anodic bonding. after In the same manner as in the third embodiment, permanent magnets are arranged at diagonals of the chip 419 to complete the electromagnetic actuation.
- Each of the above embodiments is an electromagnetic actuating device capable of two-dimensionally moving the optical axis direction of the optical element.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the present invention can be implemented with a type in which the optical axis direction of the optical element is moved one-dimensionally.
- a mirror is used for an optical element.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the present invention can be implemented in a type using a light receiving element, a light emitting element, or the like as an optical element.
- the stopper is placed on only one side of the movable plate.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the stopper can be implemented on both sides of the movable plate. .
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an “electromagnetic actuator” according to the seventh embodiment.
- the optical element mirror, light-receiving element, light-emitting element, etc.
- the first drive coil 1105 and the second drive coil 1106 constitute a closed circuit by themselves, and the first drive coil 1105 and the second drive coil 110
- a new primary coil 1107, which is electromagnetically coupled with 6, is provided to the first drive coil 1105 and the second drive coil 1106 via this primary coil 1107. It is made to flow.
- 1 109 is an outer movable plate
- 1 110 is an inner movable plate
- 1 1 1 1 is a first torsion bar
- 1 1 1 2 is a second torsion bar.
- the wiring of the torsion bars 1 1 1 1 and 1 1 1 1 2 becomes unnecessary according to the above-described configuration, and in addition to this, the arrangement and the driving method of the permanent magnets 1 103 and 1 104 are eliminated.
- FIG. 24 and FIG. 25 show the manufacturing process of the chip 1101.
- oxide films 1201 and 1202 are formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the silicon substrate 1200 by oxidation.
- portions of the oxide film 1202 other than the peripheral portion 1203, the outer movable plate portion 1204, and the inner movable plate portion 1205 are removed by photolithography and oxide film etching.
- a thin oxide film 1206 is formed by oxidizing the portion removed in the step (b).
- the portion removed in the step (d) is anisotropically etched.
- an aluminum film 1209 is formed on the oxide film 1201 by aluminum evaporation.
- the first drive coil 1105 of a one-turn closed circuit, the second drive coil 1106 of a one-turn closed circuit, and a mirror element, a photoelement are formed from the aluminum film 1209 by photolithography and aluminum etching. 1 108 is formed at the same time.
- An organic protective film 1210 is formed around the 203, the first drive coil 1105, and the second drive coil 1106 by photolithography.
- Unnecessary portions 12 11 and 12 12 of the oxide film 1201 are removed in the (k) step, and the chip 1100 is completed.
- FIG. 26 shows a manufacturing process of the support 1102.
- step (a) of FIG. 26 an aluminum film 1301 is formed on the plexiglass glass substrate 1300 by aluminum evaporation.
- step (B) In the process, the first layer 1302 of the primary coil 1107 and one terminal 1303 are formed from the aluminum film 1301 by photolithography and aluminum etching.
- step (C) In the step, an interlayer insulating film 1304 is formed on the entire upper surface.
- An aluminum film 1305 is formed on the insulating film 1304 by aluminum vapor deposition in the step.
- the second layer 1306 of the primary coil 1107 and the other terminal 1307 are formed from the aluminum film 1305 by photolithography and aluminum etching.
- An organic protective film 1308 is formed on the entire upper surface in the step.
- a spacer 1309 is adhered to a peripheral portion to complete a support 1102.
- FIG. 27 shows the assembly process.
- the chip 1101 shown in FIG. 25 (k) is bonded onto the support 1102 shown in FIG. 26 (g).
- permanent magnets 1103 and 1104 are mounted on the opposite side of chip 1101 to complete electromagnetic actuator 1100.
- the S-pole of the permanent magnet 1103 and the N-pole of the permanent magnet 1104 are connected by a package / yoke (not shown).
- the driving method of the electromagnetic actuator 1100 of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, both the outer movable plate 1119 and the inner movable plate 1110 vibrate in a resonance state.
- the amplitude X in the X-axis direction can be changed by changing the voltage e1 of the first AC power supply 61, and the amplitude y in the Y-axis direction can be changed by changing the voltage e2 of the second AC power supply 62 . If the ratio of the resonance frequencies of the outer movable plate 1109 and the inner movable plate 1 1 10 is not set to an integer, the Lissajous figure moves and fine scanning becomes possible.
- Fig. 28 shows an example of energizing with a voltage source (small internal impedance).
- a current source high internal impedance
- both power supplies may be connected in parallel to terminals 1303 and 1307. Since the resonance characteristics of this type of electromagnetic actuator are steep (mechanical Q is high) as shown in Fig. 29, the outer movable plate 1109 is not driven by a 1500 Hz current and the inner movable plate 1109 is not driven. 1 10 is not driven by 375 Hz current.
- FIG. 30 is a sectional view showing the configuration of the “electromagnetic actuator” according to the eighth embodiment.
- Example in which a chip 81 manufactured in the same manner as in Example 7 is vacuum-sealed with Pyrex glass substrates 82 and 85 and silicon sensors 83 and 84. It is. This vacuum sealing improves the response characteristics and prevents the chip 81 from deteriorating.
- the primary coil 86 is formed outside the electromagnetic actuator, that is, outside the sealing region, as shown in FIG.
- the silicon spacers 83, 84 and the chip 81 are joined by forming a pyrex glass film on the spacer side by sputtering and using an anodic bonding method.
- the connection between the Pyrex glass 82 and the silicon spacer 83 and the joint between the glass and the glass substrate 85 and the silicon spacer 84 are also performed by the anodic bonding method.
- This anodic bonding method is a method in which the flat surfaces of a silicon substrate and a glass substrate are heated together at about 400 **, and then a negative power of several 100 V is applied to the glass side to perform bonding. is there.
- This embodiment is also driven in the same manner as in the seventh embodiment.
- this embodiment is of the vacuum sealing type, but has high reliability of sealing because there is no lead wire from the first drive coil and the second drive coil to the outside.
- the same effects as in Embodiment 7 can be obtained. It should be noted that the same effect can be expected even if the method is performed in the form of gas sealing in which an inert gas is used instead of vacuum sealing.
- FIG. 31 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of a main part of an “electromagnetic actuator” according to a ninth embodiment and an operation method thereof.
- the present embodiment is an example in which a carrier is used for energizing the primary coil to the first drive coil and the second drive coil.
- the primary coil, the first drive coil, and the second drive coil in Embodiments 7 and 8 described above constitute an air-core transformer, and have a large amount of leakage magnetic flux and a low energizing frequency, resulting in low energy transfer efficiency. .
- This leakage flux point can be solved to some extent by minimizing the distance between the primary coil and the first and second drive coils. Attached In this embodiment, the point of the power frequency is solved by using a carrier wave of several hundred KHz.
- the first drive coil 95 is configured as a closed circuit via a diode 97
- the second drive coil 96 is configured as a closed circuit via a diode 98.
- each closed circuit forms an average value diode detection circuit.
- the diodes 97 and 98 are formed on the outer movable plate and the inner movable plate by a known semiconductor manufacturing process.
- the resonance frequency of the outer movable plate is 375 Hz
- the resonance frequency of the inner movable plate is 1500 Hz
- the carrier frequency is 400 KHz.
- a 375 Hz sine wave AC power supply 91 and a 1500 Hz sine wave AC power supply 92 are connected in series to form a composite wave, which is input to an amplitude modulation circuit 93 to modulate a separately generated 400 KHz carrier wave.
- the primary coil 94 is energized by the amplitude-modulated wave thus formed.
- a modulated wave is induced in the first drive coil 95 and the second drive coil 96 by electromagnetic coupling with the primary coil 94 and demodulated by the diodes 97 and 98. Flows.
- the outer movable plate is driven to a resonance state by a current of 375 Hz
- the inner movable plate is driven to a resonance state by a current of 1500 Hz
- the optical axis direction of an optical element such as a mirror on the inner movable plate is as shown in FIG. It swings to draw the Lissajous figure 99 shown in (b).
- the amplitude X in the X-axis direction can be changed by changing the voltage e 1 of the AC power supply 91, and the amplitude y in the Y-axis direction can be changed by changing the voltage e 2 of the AC power supply 92.
- the drive by the DC component is negligible.
- the same effect as that of the seventh embodiment can be obtained, and the primary The energy transmission efficiency between the first drive coil and the second drive coil can be increased. If the ratio between the inner resonance frequency and the outer resonance frequency is not made an integral multiple, a rectangular scan can be realized.
- each of the above-described embodiments 7, 8, and 9 is an example having two movable plates, an outer movable plate and an inner movable plate, as in the related art example 2, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the present invention can also be implemented in the same manner as in Related Art Example 1 in the case of one electromagnetic plate.
- the first drive coil and the second drive coil are both energized by the primary coil.
- the drive coil can be implemented in such a manner that an electric current flows from the outside through the terminal as in Related Art Example 2 and only the second drive coil is energized via the primary coil.
- the current of the first drive coil induced by the energization of the primary coil may be blocked by connecting a choke coil in series between the first drive coil and its power supply as needed.
- the outer movable plate can be driven in a state other than the resonance state, for example, a sine wave or a sawtooth wave of an arbitrary frequency.
- the first drive coil and the first drive coil both have one turn, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the required drive coil may have a plurality of turns. It can be implemented in the form.
- the first drive coil and the second drive coil are formed of aluminum films.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and other metals such as copper and gold may be used. In the same manner, it can be carried out in a form using a membrane.
- a low-cost electromagnetic actuator can be provided, an electromagnetic actuator with a stable life can be provided, and an electromagnetic actuator that is strong against impact can be provided. Further, according to the present invention, at least a part of the wiring in the torsion bar can be made unnecessary, so that an electromagnetic actuator having a long life and a low cost can be provided.
- the present invention can be widely used as various information devices, for example, optical scanners and optical sensors such as barcode scanners, CD-ROM drives, and sensors for automatic ticket gates.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69637351T DE69637351T2 (de) | 1995-06-05 | 1996-06-05 | Elektromagnetischer stellantrieb |
US08/793,386 US6232861B1 (en) | 1995-06-05 | 1996-06-05 | Electromagnetic actuator |
EP96916314A EP0774681B1 (en) | 1995-06-05 | 1996-06-05 | Electromagnetic actuator |
KR1019970700746A KR100415246B1 (ko) | 1995-06-05 | 1996-06-05 | 전자엑추에이터 |
US09/758,528 US6404313B2 (en) | 1995-06-05 | 2001-01-11 | Electromagnetic actuator |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP7/138082 | 1995-06-05 | ||
JP13808195 | 1995-06-05 | ||
JP13808295 | 1995-06-05 | ||
JP7/138081 | 1995-06-05 | ||
JP14881195 | 1995-06-15 | ||
JP7/148811 | 1995-06-15 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996039643A1 true WO1996039643A1 (fr) | 1996-12-12 |
Family
ID=27317598
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1996/001520 WO1996039643A1 (fr) | 1995-06-05 | 1996-06-05 | Actionneur electromagnetique |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6232861B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0774681B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100415246B1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69637351T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1996039643A1 (ja) |
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JP3421151B2 (ja) | 1994-12-14 | 2003-06-30 | 日本信号株式会社 | 光軸方向可変型光検出装置 |
-
1996
- 1996-06-05 DE DE69637351T patent/DE69637351T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-05 WO PCT/JP1996/001520 patent/WO1996039643A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1996-06-05 US US08/793,386 patent/US6232861B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-05 KR KR1019970700746A patent/KR100415246B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-05 EP EP96916314A patent/EP0774681B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-01-11 US US09/758,528 patent/US6404313B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JPS60107017A (ja) * | 1983-11-16 | 1985-06-12 | Hitachi Ltd | 光偏向素子 |
JPH0358613U (ja) * | 1989-10-13 | 1991-06-07 | ||
JPH04211217A (ja) * | 1990-02-19 | 1992-08-03 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 光偏向子 |
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Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP4544734B2 (ja) * | 2000-12-21 | 2010-09-15 | シチズンファインテックミヨタ株式会社 | プレーナー型ガルバノミラー |
JP2002189188A (ja) * | 2000-12-21 | 2002-07-05 | Miyota Kk | プレーナー型ガルバノミラー |
JP2003004851A (ja) * | 2001-04-16 | 2003-01-08 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | レーダ装置 |
US8693083B2 (en) | 2001-04-26 | 2014-04-08 | Fujitsu Limited | Micromirror unit and method of making the same |
US8107157B2 (en) | 2001-04-26 | 2012-01-31 | Fujitsu Limited | Micromirror unit and method of making the same |
KR100892931B1 (ko) * | 2001-04-26 | 2009-04-09 | 후지쯔 가부시끼가이샤 | 마이크로 미러 소자의 제조 방법 |
KR101088501B1 (ko) | 2004-02-09 | 2011-12-01 | 마이크로비젼, 인코퍼레이티드 | 성능개선된 mems 스캐닝 시스템 |
JP2007522529A (ja) * | 2004-02-09 | 2007-08-09 | マイクロビジョン インコーポレイテッド | 性能を改良したmems走査システム |
JP2007252124A (ja) * | 2006-03-17 | 2007-09-27 | Nippon Signal Co Ltd:The | 電磁アクチュエータ |
US7800280B2 (en) | 2007-01-25 | 2010-09-21 | Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd | MEMS device and fabrication method of the same |
US7977207B2 (en) | 2007-01-25 | 2011-07-12 | Samsung Electro Mechanics Co., Ltd | MEMS device and fabrication method of the same |
JP2008181127A (ja) * | 2007-01-25 | 2008-08-07 | Samsung Electro Mech Co Ltd | Memsデバイス、およびその製造方法 |
JP2013034301A (ja) * | 2011-08-02 | 2013-02-14 | Nippon Signal Co Ltd:The | プレーナ型電磁アクチュエータ |
JP2013051748A (ja) * | 2011-08-30 | 2013-03-14 | Nippon Signal Co Ltd:The | プレーナ型電磁アクチュエータ |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6232861B1 (en) | 2001-05-15 |
KR100415246B1 (ko) | 2004-06-12 |
DE69637351T2 (de) | 2008-11-27 |
EP0774681B1 (en) | 2007-12-05 |
DE69637351D1 (de) | 2008-01-17 |
KR970705042A (ko) | 1997-09-06 |
EP0774681A1 (en) | 1997-05-21 |
US20010052834A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 |
EP0774681A4 (en) | 1998-05-06 |
US6404313B2 (en) | 2002-06-11 |
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