WO1997001326A1 - Stable topical compositions - Google Patents
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- WO1997001326A1 WO1997001326A1 PCT/US1996/010940 US9610940W WO9701326A1 WO 1997001326 A1 WO1997001326 A1 WO 1997001326A1 US 9610940 W US9610940 W US 9610940W WO 9701326 A1 WO9701326 A1 WO 9701326A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/34—Alcohols
- A61K8/342—Alcohols having more than seven atoms in an unbroken chain
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/36—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
- A61K8/368—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof with carboxyl groups directly bound to carbon atoms of aromatic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/39—Derivatives containing from 2 to 10 oxyalkylene groups
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
- A61K8/44—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof
- A61K8/447—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof containing sulfur
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
- A61K8/86—Polyethers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q17/00—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings
- A61Q17/04—Topical preparations for affording protection against sunlight or other radiation; Topical sun tanning preparations
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/007—Preparations for dry skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/08—Anti-ageing preparations
Definitions
- the present invention relates to stable, leave-on skin care cosmetic compositions containing an active ingredient.
- it relates to stable, cosmetic, aqueous-containing compositions having gel networks, liquid crystalline phases, or both.
- the aqueous phase of these compositions contains relatively- low levels of free water.
- the water is believed to be bound as part of the gel network or liquid crystals.
- active ingredients are currently known for treating various skin conditions. It is difficult to formulate many of these actives into cosmetically-elegant, oil-in-water systems because of stability, solubility, ionic strength, and other such formulation considerations. Representative of some of these active ingredients are materials such as salicylic acid, N- acetyl-L-cysteine, retinoic acid, phytic acid, and their pharmaceutically- acceptable salts.
- compositions containing salicylic acid, N- acetyl-L-cysteine, and retinoic acid are known in the art.
- Salicylic acid and retinoic acid are keratoylic agents which are believed to help remove keratin plugs and to aid the skin's exfoliation process.
- These materials are also known for their anti-acne and anti-skin aging benefits. See C. Huber et al., Arch. Derm Res. 257, pp. 293-297, 1977; U.S. Patent No. 4,888,342, to Kligman, issued December 19, 1989; U.S. Patent No. 4,877,805, to Kligman, Issued October 31, 1989; PCT Application No.
- compositions of the present invention are well-suited for formulating and delivering a wide variety of active ingredients to the skin. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that these compositions contain gel network structures, liquid crystal structure, or both. It is believed that these gel networks and liquid crystals tend to bind the available water in the composition, thereby rendering the water less available for contributing to the instability and decomposition of the active ingredients. It is also found that these compositions are well-suited for carrying a high electrolyte concentration, making them ideal for delivering a wide range of ionic and other highly polar materials, e.g., zinc oxide, polar solvents.
- (C) from about 0.05 % to about 10% of a hydrophilic surfactant selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and mixtures thereof; and (D) from about 25% to about 98.949% water.
- a hydrophilic surfactant selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and mixtures thereof.
- compositions of the present invention are useful for moisturizing and hydrating the skin and for depositing active ingredients onto the skin.
- These compositions are in the form of oil-in-water emulsions whereby the oil phase and the water phase can contain, in addition to the essential components described herein, a variety of ingredients known in the art.
- These compositions are in the form of topical, leave-on compositions.
- compositions which are oil-in-water emulsions, comprising:
- (C) from about 0.05 % to about 10% of a hydrophilic surfactant selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and mixtures thereof; and
- the ratio of component (B) to component (C) is from about 20:1 to about 1:1, preferably from about 10:1 to about 1:1, more preferably from about 5:1 to about 1:1, and even more preferably about 3:1. These ratios allow for the formation of lamellar liquid crystalline phases, which contribute to the physical and chemical stability of the composition at temperatures from about -10°C to about 50°C.
- compositions of the present invention have complex rheological characteristics. These compositions have physical properties characteristic of oil-in-water emulsions, liquid crystals, and crystalline gel networks. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that these compositions have low levels of free water, such that most of the water is bound up with liquid crystals or gel networks. It is found that these compositions are useful as vehicles for compositions which are labile in aqueous solution or dispersion. It is also found that these compositions are useful for formulating actives which present a high electrolyte load for the composition, i.e. actives which are ionic or highly polar.
- the oil-in-water emulsions herein have desirable aesthetic and elegant properties, such as a rich and creamy, yet non-greasy, skin feel. These emulsions can span a broad range of consistencies from thin lotions to heavy creams. These emulsions typically have viscosities ranging from about 100 cps to about 500,000 cps, preferably from about 3,000 cps to about 200,000 cps, more preferably from about 5000 cps to about 150,000 cps, and even more preferably from about 5000 cps to about 100,000 cps, as measured at a temperature of 25°C with a Brookfield Synchro-Lectric Viscometer Model D.
- the oil-in-water emulsion compositions can span a wide range of pH values. Even though buffers can be utilized to help maintain the pH of the emulsion compositions, these are not required components, but are merely optional ingredients.
- compositions of the present invention comprise a safe and effective amount of one or more active ingredients or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
- safe and effective amount means an amount of an active ingredient high enough to modify the condition to be treated or to deliver the desired skin benefit, but low enough to avoid serious side effects, at a reasonable benefit to risk ratio within the scope of sound medical judgement. What is a safe and effective amount of the active ingredient will vary with the specific active, the ability of the active to penetrate through the skin, the age, health condition, and skin condition of the user, and other like factors.
- salts any of the commonly-used salts that are suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans without undue toxicity, irritation, incompatibility, instability, irritation, allergic response, and the like.
- the actives of the present invention comprise from about 0.001% to about 20%, preferably from about 0.01% to about 10%, and more preferably from about 0.025% to about 5% by weight of the composition.
- the actives useful herein can be categorized by their therapeutic benefit or their postulated mode of action. However, it is to be understood that the actives useful herein can in some instances provide more than one therapeutic benefit or operate via more than one mode of action. Therefore, classifications herein are made for the sake of convenience and are not intended to limit the active to that particular application or applications Iisted. Also, pharmaceutically-acceptable salts of these materials are useful herein. The following actives which preferably have the above outlined solubility parameters are useful in the compositions of the present invention.
- Anti-Acne Actives examples include the keratolytics such as salicylic acid (o-hydroxybenzoic acid), derivatives of salicylic acid such as 5-octanoyl salicylic acid, and resorcinol; retinoids such as retinoic acid and its derivatives (e.g., cis and trans); sulfur- containing D and L amino acids and their derivatives and salts, particularly their N-acetyl derivatives, a preferred example of which is N-acetyl-L- cysteine; lipoic acid; antibiotics and antimicrobials such as benzoyl peroxide, octopirox, tetracycline, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether, 3,4,4'-trichlorobanilide, azelaic acid and its derivatives, phenoxyethanol, phenoxypropanol, phenoxyisopropanol, ethy
- keratolytics such as
- Anti-Wrinkle and Anti-Skin Atrophy Actives examples include retinoic acid and its derivatives (e.g., cis and trans); salicylic acid and derivatives thereof; sulfur-containing D and L amino acids and their derivatives and salts, particularly the N-acetyl derivatives, a preferred example of which is N-acetyl L-cysteine; thiols, eg. ethane thiol; alpha-hydroxy acids, e.g. glycolic acid, and lactic acid; phytic acid, lipoic acid; lysophosphatidic acid, and skin peel agents (e.g., phenol and the like).
- retinoic acid and its derivatives e.g., cis and trans
- salicylic acid and derivatives thereof sulfur-containing D and L amino acids and their derivatives and salts, particularly the N-acetyl derivatives, a preferred example of which is N-acetyl L-cysteine
- thiols e
- Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Actives include the following categories: propionic acid derivatives; acetic acid derivatives; fenamic acid derivatives; biphenylcarboxylic acid derivatives; and oxicams. All of these NSAIDS are fully described in the U.S. Patent 4,985,459 to Sunshine et al., issued January 15, 1991, incorporated by reference herein.
- NSAIDS examples include acetyl salicylic acid, ibuprofen, naproxen, benoxaprofen, flurbiprofen, fenoprofen, fenbufen, ketoprofen, indoprofen, pirprofen, carprofen, oxaprozin, pranoprofen, miroprofen, tioxaprofen, suprofen, alminoprofen, tiaprofenic acid, fluprofen and bucloxic acid.
- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs including hydrocortisone and the like.
- Topical Anesthetics examples include benzocaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine, chlorprocaine, dibucaine, etidocaine, mepivacaine, tetracaine, dyclonine, hexylcaine, procaine, cocaine, ketamine, pramoxine, phenol, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
- Artificial Tanning Agents and Accelerators examples include dihydroxyacetone, tyrosine, tyrosine esters such as ethyl tyrosinate, and phospho-DOPA.
- Antimicrobial and Antifungal Actives examples include ⁇ -lactam drugs, quinolone drugs, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, tetracycline, erythromycin, amikacin, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether, 3,4,4'-trichlorobanilide, phenoxyethanol, phenoxy propanol, phenoxyisopropanol, doxycycline, capreomycin, chlorhexidine, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, clindamycin, ethambutol, hexamidine isethionate, metronidazole, pentamidine, gentamicin, kanamycin, lineomycin, methacycline, methenamine, minocycline, neomycin, netilmicin, paromomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin, miconazole, tetra
- Sunscreening Actives Also useful herein are sunscreening agents.
- a wide variety of sunscreening agents are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,087,445, to Haffey et al., issued February 11, 1992; U.S. Patent No. 5,073,372, to Turner et al., issued December 17, 1991; U.S. Patent No. 5,073,371, to Turner et al. issued December 17, 1991; and Segarin, et al., at Chapter VIII, pages 189 et seq., of Cosmetics Science and Technology, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
- sunscreening agents disclosed therein have, in a single molecule, two distinct chromophore moieties which exhibit different ultra ⁇ violet radiation abso ⁇ tion spectra.
- One of the chromophore moieties absorbs predominantly in the UVB radiation range and the other absorbs strongly in the UVA radiation range.
- sunscreens include those selected from the group consisting of 4-N,N-(2-ethylhexyl)methylaminobenzoic acid ester of 2,4- dihydroxybenzophenone, 4-N,N-(2-ethylhexyl)methylaminobenzoic acid ester with 4-hydroxydibenzoylmethane, 4-N.N- (2-ethylhexyl)methylamino- benzoic acid ester of 2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzophenone, 4-N.N- (2-ethylhexyl)-methylaminobenzoic acid ester of 4-(2-hydroxyeth- oxy)dibenzoylmethane, and mixtures thereof.
- the sunscreens can comprise from about 0.5% to about 20% of the compositions useful herein. Exact amounts will vary depending upon the sunscreen chosen and the desired Sun Protection Factor (SPF). SPF is a commonly used measure of photoprotection of a sunscreen against erythema. See Federal Register. Vol. 43, No. 166, pp. 38206-38269, August 25, 1978, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- actives useful herein include those selected from the group consisting of salicylic acid, 3-hydroxy benzoic acid, 4- hydroxy benzoic acid, acetyl salicylic acid, 2-hydroxybutanoic acid, 2- hydroxypentanoic acid, 2-hydroxyhexanoic acid, cis-retinoic acid, trans- retinoic acid, N-acetyl L-cysteine, lipoic acid, azelaic acid, arachidonic acid, benzoylperoxide, tetracycline, ibuprofen, naproxen, hydrocortisone, acetominophen, resorcinol, phenoxyethanol, phenoxypropanol, phenoxyisopropanol, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether, 3,4,4'- trichlorocarbanilide, octopirox, lidocaine hydrochloride, clotrimazole, miconazole,
- actives useful herein include those selected from the group consisting of salicylic acid, acetyl salicylic acid, cis- retinoic acid, trans-retinoic acid, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, lipoic acid, azelaic acid, tetracycline, ibuprofen, naproxen, acetominophen, hydrocortisone, resorcinol, phenoxyethanol, phenoxypropanol, phenoxyisopropanol, 2,4,4'- trichloro- -hydroxy diphenyl ether, 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide, octopirox, 2- phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, dihydroxyacetone, and mixtures thereof.
- actives useful herein include those selected from the group consisting of salicylic acid, cis-retinoic acid, trans- retinoic acid, N-acetyl L-cysteine, azelaic acid, lipoic acid, resorcinol, ibuprofen, naproxen, hydrocortisone, phenoxyethanol, phenoxypropanol, phenoxyisopropanol, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether, 3,4,4'- trichlorocarbanilide, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, dihydroxyacetone, and mixtures thereof.
- the present invention also comprises from about 1% to about 20%, preferably from about 1% to about 10%, more preferably from about 3% to about 9%, of a stable, hydrophobic, structuring agent selected from the group consisting of saturated C-
- a stable, hydrophobic, structuring agent selected from the group consisting of saturated C-
- structuring agents are useful to assist in the formation of the rheological characteristic of the composition which contribute to the hydrolytic stability of the composition of the present invention.
- structuring agents assist in the formation of the liquid crystalline gel network structures.
- the preferred structuring agents of the present invention are selected from the group consisting of stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, stearic acid, palmitic acid, the polyethylene glycol ether of stearyl alcohol having an average of about 1 to about 5 ethylene oxide units, the polyethylene glycol ether of cetyl alcohol having an average of about 1 to about 5 ethylene oxide units, and mixtures thereof.
- More preferred structuring agents of the present invention are selected from the group consisting of stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, the polyethylene glycol ether of stearyl alcohol having an average of about 2 ethylene oxide units (steareth-2), the polyethylene glycol ether of cetyl alcohol having an average of about 2 ethylene oxide units, and mixtures thereof.
- Even more preferred structuring agents are selected from the group consisting of stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, steareth- 2, and mixtures thereof. Most preferred is steareth-2, available under the tradename of Brij® 72 from ICI Americas.
- compositions of the present invention comprise from about 0.05% to about 10%, preferably from about 1% to about 6%, and more preferably from about 1 % to about 3% of at least one hydrophilic surfactant which can disperse the hydrophobic materials in the water phase.
- the surfactant at a minimum, must be hydrophilic enough to disperse in water.
- the surfactants useful herein can include any of a wide variety of cationic, anionic, zwitterionic, and amphoteric surfactants disclosed in prior patents and other references. See McCutcheon's, Detergents and Emulsifiers. North American Edition (1986), published by Allured Publishing Co ⁇ oration; U.S. Patent No. 5,011,681 to Ciotti et al., issued April 30, 1991; U.S. Patent No. 4,421,769 to Dixon et al., issued December 20, 1983; and U.S. Patent No. 3,755,560 to Dickert et al., issued August 28, 1973; these four references are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
- the exact surfactant chosen will depend upon the pH of the composition and the other components present.
- cationic surfactants especially dialkyi quaternary ammonium compounds.
- a wide variety of cationic surfactants useful herein are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,151,209, to McCall et al., issued September 29, 1992; U.S. Patent No. 5,151,210, to Steuri et al., issued September 29, 1992; U.S. Patent No. 5,120,532, to Wells et al., issued June 9, 1992; U.S. Patent No. 4,387,090, to Bolich, issued June 7, 1983;; U.S. Patent 3,155,591, Spotifyr, issued November 3, 1964; U.S. Patent No.
- cationic surfactants useful herein include cationic ammonium salts such as those having the formula:
- R-j is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms, or an aromatic, aryl or alkaryl groups having from about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms
- R2, R3, and R4 are independently selected from hydrogen, an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, or aromatic, aryl or alkaryl groups having from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms
- X is any compatible anion, preferably selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, iodide, acetate, phosphate, nitrate, sulfate, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate, tosylate, lactate, citrate, glycolate, and mixtures thereof.
- R-j is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms
- R2 is selected from H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms
- R3 and R4 are independently selected from H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms
- X is as described previously.
- R-j is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms
- R2, R3. and R4 are selected from H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms
- X is as described previously.
- R ⁇ j is alternatively R5CONH-(CH2)rr.
- R5 is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms
- n is an integer from about 2 to about 6, more preferably from about 2 to about 4, and most preferably from about 2 to about 3.
- Nonlimiting examples of these cationic emulsifiers include stearamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate, behenamidopropyl PG dimonium chloride, stearamidopropyl ethyldimonium ethosulfate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl (myristyl acetate) ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl dimethyl cetearyl ammonium tosylate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl dimethyl ammonium lactate, and mixtures thereof.
- behenamidopropyl PG dimonium chloride is especially preferred.
- Nonlimiting examples of quatemary ammonium salt cationic surfactants include those selected from the group consisting of cetyl ammonium chloride, cetyl ammonium bromide, lauryl ammonium chloride, lauryl ammonium bromide, stearyl ammonium chloride, stearyl ammonium bromide, cetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, lauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride, lauryl dimethyl ammonium bromide, stearyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride, lauryl trimethyl ammonium bromide, stearyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride, lauryl trimethyl ammonium bromide, stearyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride, lauryl
- Additional quaternary ammonium salts include those wherein the C-J2 to C30 alkyl carbon chain is derived from a tallow fatty acid or from a coconut fatty acid.
- tallow refers to an alkyl group derived from tallow fatty acids (usually hydrogenated tallow fatty acids), which generally have mixtures of alkyl chains in the C-jg to C-j ⁇ range.
- coconut refers to an alkyl group derived from a coconut fatty acid, which generally have mixtures of alkyl chains in the C ⁇
- Examples of quaternary ammonium salts derived from these tallow and coconut sources include ditallow dimethyl ammonium chloride, ditallow dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, di(hydrogenated tallow) dimethyl ammonium chloride, di(hydrogenated tallow) dimethyl ammonium acetate, ditallow dipropyl ammonium phosphate, ditallow dimethyl ammonium nitrate, di(coconutalkyl)dimethyl ammonium chloride, di(coconutalkyl)dimethyl ammonium bromide, tallow ammonium chloride, coconut ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate, stearamidopropyl ethyldimonium ethosulfate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl (myristyl acetate) ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl dimethyl cetearyl ammonium tosy
- More preferred cationic surfactants are those selected from the group consisting of behenamidopropyl PG dimonium chloride, dilauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dimyristyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dipalmityl dimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate, stearamidopropyl ethyldiammonium ethosulfate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl (myristyl acetate) ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl dimethyl cetearyl ammonium tosylate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl dimethyl ammonium lactate, and mixtures thereof.
- Most preferred cationic surfactants are those selected from the group consisting of behenamidopropyl PG dimonium chloride, dilauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dimyristyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dipalmityl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and mixtures thereof.
- a preferred combination of cationic surfactant and structuring agent is behenamidopropyl PG dimonium chloride and/or behenyl alcohol, wherein the ratio is preferably optimized to maintained to enhance physical and chemical stability, especially when such a combination contains ionic and/or highly polar solvents. This combination is especially useful for delivery of sunscreening agents such as zinc oxide and octyl methoxycinnamate.
- anionic surfactants are also useful herein. See, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 3,929,678, to Laughlin et al., issued December 30, 1975, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- anionic surfactants include the alkoyl isethionates, and the alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates.
- the alkoyl isethionates typically have the formula RCO-OCH 2 CH 2 SO 3 M wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl of from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium and triethanolamine.
- Nonlimiting examples of these isethionates include those alkoyl isethionates selected from the group consisting of ammonium cocoyl isethionate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium lauroyl isethionate, sodium stearoyl isethionate, and mixtures thereof.
- alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates typically have the respective formulae ROSO3M and RO(C 2 H 4 O) ⁇ SO 3 M, wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl of from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms, x is from about 1 to about 10, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium and triethanolamine.
- R alkyl or alkenyl of from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms
- x is from about 1 to about 10
- M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium and triethanolamine.
- anionic surfactants are the water-soluble salts of the organic, sulfuric acid reaction products of the general formula:
- R ⁇ SOg-M wherein R 1 is chosen from the group consisting of a straight or branched chain, saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from about 8 to about 24, preferably about 10 to about 16, carbon atoms; and M is a cation.
- Still other anionic synthetic surfactants include the class designated as succinamates, olefin sulfonates having about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms, and b-alkyloxy alkane sulfonates. Examples of these materials are sodium lauryl sulfate and ammonium lauryl sulfate.
- soaps i.e. alkali metal salts, e.g., sodium or potassium salts
- fatty acids typically having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms.
- the fatty acids used in making the soaps can be obtained from natural sources such as, for instance, plant or animal-derived glycerides (e.g., palm oil, coconut oil, soybean oil, castor oil, tallow, lard, etc.)
- the fatty acids can also be synthetically prepared. Soaps are described in more detail in U.S. Patent No. 4,557,853, cited above.
- amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants are also useful herein.
- amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants which can be used in the compositions of the present invention are those which are broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be straight or branched chain and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms (preferably C ⁇ - C-j ⁇ ) and one contains an anionic water solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate.
- alkyl imino acetates examples are alkyl imino acetates, and iminodialkanoates and aminoalkanoates of the formulas RN[CH 2 ) m CO 2 M] 2 and RNH(CH 2 ) m CO 2 M wherein m is from 1 to 4, R is a C8-C22 alkyl or alkenyl, and M is H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal ammonium, or alkanolammonium. Also included are imidazolinium and ammonium derivatives.
- amphoteric surfactants include sodium 3-dodecyl-aminopropionate, sodium 3-dodecylaminopro ⁇ ane sulfonate, N-alkyltaurines such as the one prepared by reacting dodecylamine with sodium isethionate according to the teaching of U.S. Patent 2,658,072 which is inco ⁇ orated herein by reference in its entirety; N-higher alkyl aspartic acids such as those produced according to the teaching of U.S. Patent 2,438,091 which is inco ⁇ orated herein by reference in its entirety; and the products sold under the trade name "Miranol" and described in U.S.
- Patent 2,528,3708 which is inco ⁇ orated herein by reference in its entirety.
- Other examples of useful amphoterics include phosphates, such as coamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate (commercially available as Monaquat PTC, from Mona Co ⁇ .).
- amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants are the betaines.
- betaines include the higher alkyl betaines, such as coco dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl alphacarboxyethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl betaine (available as Lonzaine 16SP from Lonza Co ⁇ .), lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) carboxymethyl betaine, stearyl bis-(2-hydroxypropyl) carboxymethyl betaine, oleyl dimethyl gamma- -carboxypropyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, coco dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, stearyl dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl sulfoethyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl be
- amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants include the sultaines and hydroxysultaines such as cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine (available as Mirataine CBS from Rhone-Poulenc), and the alkanoyl sarcosinates corresponding to the formula RCON(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 CO2M wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl of about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium and trialkanolamine (e.g., triethanolamine), a preferred example of which is sodium lauroyl sarcosinate.
- sultaines and hydroxysultaines such as cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine (available as Mirataine CBS from Rhone-Poulenc)
- alkanoyl sarcosinates corresponding to the formula RCON(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 CO2M wherein R is alkyl or al
- compositions of the present invention comprise from about 25% to about 98.949%, more preferably from about 65% to about 95%, and most preferably from about 70% to about 90% water.
- Each of the water and oil phases of the emulsions can comprise a wide variety of optional components. Typical of such optional components are:
- compositions of the present invention comprise from about 0.1% to about 25%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 15%, and more preferably from about 6% to about 10% of an alkoxylated alcohol and/or alkoxylated polyol.
- the alkoxylated alcohols and polyols useful herein generally are hydrophobic, having a solubility in water of less than about 1 gram per about 100 grams of water at 25°C. Preferably, these solvents have a minimum of 10-20 moles of propylene oxide. These compounds are typically formulated into the oil phase of the oil-in-water emulsions as described in the Examples below. Mixtures of alkoxylated alcohols and polyols can be used herein.
- the alkoxylated alcohols useful herein can be described by the following general formula:
- R— O (CHCH 2 O) n H X wherein R is selected from the group consisting of alcohols, polyols, diols, and mixtures thereof, having a chainlength of from about 2 to about 30 carbon atoms; n is an integer from about 3 to about 40; X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, and mixtures thereof.
- R is selected from the group consisting of alcohols, polyols, diols, or mixtures thereof, having a chainlength of from about 4 to about 20 carbon atoms; X is methyl; and n is an integer from about 6 to about 35. More preferably R is selected from the group consisting of alcohols, polyols, diols, or mixtures thereof, having a chainlength of from about 4 to about 18 carbon atoms; X is methyl; and n is an integer from about 10 to about 20.
- Nonlimiting examples of classes of alkoxylated alcohols useful herein include propoxylated and butoxylated ethers of alcohols and polyols. These compounds can be described as PPG and PBG alkyl ethers wherein the PPG and PBG are commonly used designations for polypropylene glycol and polybutylene glycol, respectively. The average number of PPG or PBG groups in these ethers is commonly given by a number designation after the PPG or PBG. For example, PPG-14 butyl ether, would designate a polypropylene glycol ether of butanol wherein the molecule has on average 14 propylene glycol units.
- Nonlimiting examples of alkoxylated alcohols useful herein include PPG-10 butyl ether, PPG-11 butyl ether, PPG-12 butyl ether, PPG-13 butyl ether, PPG-14 butyl ether, PPG-15 butyl ether, PPG-16 butyl ether, PPG-17 butyl ether, PPG-18 butyl ether, PPG-19 butyl ether, PPG-20 butyl ether, PPG-22 butyl ether, PPG-24 butyl ether, PPG-30 butyl ether, PPG-11 stearyl ether, PPG-15 stearyl ether, PPG-10 oleyl ether, PPG-7 lauryl ether, PPG-30 isocetyl ether, PPG-10 glyceryl ether, PPG-15 glyceryl ether, PPG- 10 butyleneglycol ether, PPG-15 butylene glycol ether, PPG-27 glyceryl ether, PPG-30 cety
- Preferred alkoxylated alcohols are those selected from the group consisting of PPG-14 butyl ether, PPG-15 stearyl ether, PPG-11 stearyl ether, PPG-20 oleyl ether, and mixtures thereof.
- More preferred alkoxylated alcohols are those selected from the group consisting of PPG-14 butyl ether, PPG-15 stearyl ether, and mixtures thereof.
- PPG-14 butyl ether is available under the tradename Fluid AP from Union Carbide Corporation.
- PPG 15 stearyl ether is available under the tradename Arlamol E from ICI Americas Corporation.
- Nonlimiting examples of alkoxylated polyols useful herein include those selected from the group consisting of PPG-10 1,4-butanediol, PPG-12 1 ,4-butanediol, PPG-14 1 ,4-butanediol, PPG-2 butanediol, PPG-10 1,6- hexanediol, PPG-12 1,6-hexanediol, PPG-14 hexanediol, PPG-20 hexanediol, and mixtures thereof.
- Preferred are those selected from the group consisting of PPG-10 1 ,4-butanediol, PPG-12 1 ,4-butanediol, PPG-10 1 ,6-hexandiol, and PPG-12 hexanediol, and mixtures thereof. More preferred is PPG-10 1,4-butanediol. This compound is commercially available under the tradename Macol 57 from PPG/Mazer Corporation.
- Polypropylene glycols and propylene glycol are useful herein, at a level of from about 1 % to about 5% by weight of the composition, preferably from about 2% to about 3.5% by weight of the composition, to enhance the penetration of the acidic active ingredient of the present invention.
- Polypropylene glycols are polymers which are typically formed from the polymerization of propylene oxide, propylene glycol, propylchlorohydrin, propylbromohydrin, and other related materials. Polypropylene glycols are represented by the following formula:
- n is an integer from about 10 to about 50, preferably from about 15 to about 40, and more preferably from about 20 to about 34.
- the polypropylene glycols are commonly designated as PPG's followed by a number indicating the average number of repeating units in the structure. For example, PPG-30 would correspond to the above structure wherein n has an average value of about 30. Based on this nomenclature, the polypropylene glycols useful herein encompass those designated as PPG- 10 through PPG-50, more preferably those designated as PPG-15 through PPG-40, and most preferably those designated as PPG-20 through PPG-34.
- Humectants Another optional component of the compositions of the present invention is a humectant.
- the humectant can comprise from about 0.1% to about 20%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 10%, and most preferably from about 1% to about 5% by weight of the composition. Even though these materials are defined herein as humectants, they can also possess moisturizing, skin conditioning, and other related properties.
- humectants useful herein include materials such as urea; guanidine; saturated or unsaturated alkyl alpha hydroxy acids such as glycolic acid and glycolate salts (e.g. ammonium and quaternary alkyl ammonium) and lactic acid and lactate salts (e.g. ammonium and quaternary alkyl ammonium); aloe vera in any of its variety of forms (e.g.
- aloe vera gel polyhydroxy alcohols such as sorbitol, glycerol, low molecular weight polypropylene glycols (e.g., dipropylene glycol and tripropylene glycol), hexanetriol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, and the like; polyethylene glycol; sugars and starches; sugar and starch derivatives (e.g., alkoxylated glucose); hyaluronic acid; chitin, starch- grafted sodium polyacrylates such as Sanwet (RTM) IM-1000, IM-1500, and IM-2500 (available from Celanese Superabsorbent Materials, Portsmouth, VA); lactamide monoethanolamine; acetamide monoethanolamine; propoxylated glycerol (as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,976,953 to Orr et al., issued December 11,1990, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety); and mixtures thereof.
- Preferred humectants useful in the compositions of the present invention are urea, C3-C6 diols and triols, low molecular weight polypropylene glycols, and propoxylated glycerin.
- Preferred humectants include those materials selected from the group consisting of urea, propylene glycol, 1,3-dihydroxypropane, glycerin, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, 1 ,4-dihydroxyhexane, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.
- urea glycerin
- propylene glycol hexylene glycol
- glycerin dipropylene glycol
- tripropylene glycol and mixtures thereof.
- propylene glycol urea, glycerin, and mixtures thereof.
- Emollients can also include an emollient.
- suitable emollients include, but are not limited to, volatile and non-volatile silicone oils (e.g., dimethicone, cyclomethicone, dimethiconol, and the like), highly branched hydrocarbons, and mixtures thereof.
- Emollients useful in the instant invention are further described in U.S. Patent No. 4,919,934, to Deckner et al., issued April 24 1990, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- the emollients can typically comprise in total from about 0.1% to about 25%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 10%, and most preferably from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of the composition. Additional Ingredients
- additional ingredients can be incorporated into the compositions of the present invention. These additional ingredients, at a minimum, must be acid stable.
- additional ingredients include vitamins and derivatives thereof (e.g. tocopherol, panthenol, and the like); other thickening agents (e.g., polyacrylamide and C13-14 isoparaffin and laureth-7, available as Sepigel 305 from Seppic Corp., Fairfield, NJ; and branched polysaccharides such as scleroglucan available under the tradename Ciearogel® CS 11 from Michel Mercier Products Inc., Mountainside, NJ); saturated and/or unsaturated alkyl alpha hydroxy acids; resins; gums (e.g.
- guar gum, xanthan gum and the like waxes (both naturally occurring and synthetic); polymers for aiding the film- forming properties and substantivity of the composition (such as a copolymer of eicosene and vinyl pyrrolidone, an example of which is available from GAF Chemical Corporation as Ganex V-220®); abrasive scrub particles for cleansing and exfoliating the skin [e.g., ACuscrub® Mild Abrasives (e.g., ACuscrub® 30, 31, 32, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 50, 51, and 52) available from Allied Signal, Inc., Morristown, NJ; and 3M Brand PMU Capsules microecapsulated mineral oil available from 3M Corporation, St.
- ACuscrub® Mild Abrasives e.g., ACuscrub® 30, 31, 32, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 50, 51, and 52
- ethyl panthenol aloe vera, pantothenic acid and its derivatives, clove oil, menthol, camphor, eucalyptus oil, eugenol, menthyl lactate, witch hazel distillate, allantoin, bisabalol, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate and the like.
- Preferred ingredients are saturated and/or unsaturated alkyl alpha hydroxy acids, at a level of from about 0.05% to about 5% by weight of the composition, such as lactic acid, lactate salts (e.g. ammonium and quaternary alkyl ammonium), glycolic acid, glycolate salts (e.g.
- alpha hydroxy acids are disclosed in Walter P. Smith, Hydroxy Acids and Skin Aging, Soap/Cosmetics/Chemical Specialties, pp. 54-59, (Sept. 1993), which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- the present invention also relates to methods wherein an effective amount of the active ingredient is deposited on the skin in order to modify the condition being treated or to deliver the desired benefit.
- An effective amount is an adequate amount to deliver the desired benefit but low enough to avoid serious side effects at a reasonable benefit to risk ratio within the scope of sound medical judgement.
- What is a safe and effective amount of the acidic active will vary with the specific active, the ability of the active to penetrate through the skin, the age of the user, the health condition of the user, the skin condition of the user, and other like factors.
- Such methods comprise topically applying to the skin or scalp, an effective amount of the composition of the present invention.
- the composition can be applied for several days in a row, weeks, months or years at an appropriate interval.
- Appropriate intervals are from about three times daily to about one time every three days, preferably from about two times daily to about one time every other day, more preferably about one time daily, until satisfactory results are achieved.
- a wide range of quantities of the compositions of the present invention can be employed to provide a benefit.
- Quantities of the present composiitons which are typically applied to provide a benefit can range form aobut 0.1 mg/cm 2 to about 10 mg/cm 2 .
- a particularly useful amount to use is about 2 mg/cm 2 .
- Steareth-2 2 1.0 1.0
- compositions are prepared as follows:
- a water phase by heating the water to a temperature of about 180°F (82°C) and adding the distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, glycerin, and propylene glycol. Keep this mixture at a temperature of from about 65°C to about 75°C.
- a separate vessel prepare the oil phase by mixing the cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, steareth-2, steareth-21, the dimethicone, and the cyclomethicone and heating the mixture to a temperature of from about 65° C to about 75°C.
- compositions are useful for application to the skin for delivering the acid active are useful for treating wrinkles, dry skin and other age-related conditions of the skin. These compositions demonstrate good stability.
- compositions are prepared in which the salicylic acid is replaced with 0.025% retinoic acid and 0.5% N-acetyl-L-cysteine, respectively, with the water levels being adjusted accordingly.
- Leave On Composition A leave on compositions containng N-acetyl-L-cysteine as the active ingredient is prepared by combining the following ingredients using conventional mixing techniques as described below.
- a water phase is prepared by combining about 90% of the water, glycerin, methyl paraben, and disodium EDTA and heating to 70-75 °C.
- an oil phase is prepared by combining the PPG-15 stearyl ether, stearyl alcohol, steareth-2, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyl alochol, stearth-21, behenyl alcohol, propyl paraben and heating to 70-75° C.
- the oil phase is mixed into the water phase with stirring, and the resulting mixture is flash-cooled with stirring to 35-40 °C.
- the remaining water, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, citric acid, and zinc oxide are combined and added to the mixture with stirring. The remaining ingredients are then added with stirring.
- composition is useful for application to the skin for delivering the active and to treat and improve the appearance of the skin.
- Sunscreening compositions containing zinc oxide and octyl methoxycinnamate as the active ingredient is prepared by combining the following ingredients using conventional mixing techniques as described above.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP96923465A EP0835095A1 (en) | 1995-06-29 | 1996-06-26 | Stable topical compositions |
MX9800188A MX9800188A (en) | 1995-06-29 | 1996-06-26 | Stable topical compositions. |
AU63968/96A AU6396896A (en) | 1995-06-29 | 1996-06-26 | Stable topical compositions |
JP9504551A JPH11508560A (en) | 1995-06-29 | 1996-06-26 | Stable topical composition |
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US67395P | 1995-06-29 | 1995-06-29 | |
US60/000,673 | 1995-06-29 | ||
US217095P | 1995-08-11 | 1995-08-11 | |
US60/002,170 | 1995-08-11 | ||
US08/647,083 US5948416A (en) | 1995-06-29 | 1996-05-08 | Stable topical compositions |
US08/647,083 | 1996-05-08 |
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WO1997001326A1 true WO1997001326A1 (en) | 1997-01-16 |
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PCT/US1996/010940 WO1997001326A1 (en) | 1995-06-29 | 1996-06-26 | Stable topical compositions |
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US (1) | US5948416A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0835095A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH11508560A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1209056A (en) |
AU (1) | AU6396896A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2225444A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX9800188A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997001326A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU6396896A (en) | 1997-01-30 |
MX9800188A (en) | 1998-04-30 |
US5948416A (en) | 1999-09-07 |
CN1209056A (en) | 1999-02-24 |
EP0835095A1 (en) | 1998-04-15 |
JPH11508560A (en) | 1999-07-27 |
CA2225444A1 (en) | 1997-01-16 |
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