WO1997008711A3 - Seed-blanket reactors - Google Patents

Seed-blanket reactors Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1997008711A3
WO1997008711A3 PCT/US1996/013038 US9613038W WO9708711A3 WO 1997008711 A3 WO1997008711 A3 WO 1997008711A3 US 9613038 W US9613038 W US 9613038W WO 9708711 A3 WO9708711 A3 WO 9708711A3
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
seed
blanket
weapons
reactor
thorium
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1996/013038
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO1997008711A2 (en
Inventor
Alvin Radkowsky
Original Assignee
Radkowsky Thorium Power Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Radkowsky Thorium Power Corp filed Critical Radkowsky Thorium Power Corp
Priority to EP96927386A priority Critical patent/EP0871958B1/en
Priority to UA98031310A priority patent/UA42847C2/en
Priority to BR9610204-7A priority patent/BR9610204A/en
Priority to KR1019980701043A priority patent/KR100313964B1/en
Priority to CA002229064A priority patent/CA2229064C/en
Priority to DE69632070T priority patent/DE69632070T2/en
Priority to JP51030997A priority patent/JP3147907B2/en
Priority to KR1020007015055A priority patent/KR100336214B1/en
Priority to AU67222/96A priority patent/AU6722296A/en
Publication of WO1997008711A2 publication Critical patent/WO1997008711A2/en
Publication of WO1997008711A3 publication Critical patent/WO1997008711A3/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C1/00—Reactor types
    • G21C1/02—Fast fission reactors, i.e. reactors not using a moderator ; Metal cooled reactors; Fast breeders
    • G21C1/022—Fast fission reactors, i.e. reactors not using a moderator ; Metal cooled reactors; Fast breeders characterised by the design or properties of the core
    • G21C1/024—Fast fission reactors, i.e. reactors not using a moderator ; Metal cooled reactors; Fast breeders characterised by the design or properties of the core where the core is divided in zones with fuel and zones with breeding material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C1/00—Reactor types
    • G21C1/04—Thermal reactors ; Epithermal reactors
    • G21C1/06—Heterogeneous reactors, i.e. in which fuel and moderator are separated
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C1/00—Reactor types
    • G21C1/04—Thermal reactors ; Epithermal reactors
    • G21C1/06—Heterogeneous reactors, i.e. in which fuel and moderator are separated
    • G21C1/08—Heterogeneous reactors, i.e. in which fuel and moderator are separated moderator being highly pressurised, e.g. boiling water reactor, integral super-heat reactor, pressurised water reactor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
    • G21C3/30—Assemblies of a number of fuel elements in the form of a rigid unit
    • G21C3/32—Bundles of parallel pin-, rod-, or tube-shaped fuel elements
    • G21C3/326—Bundles of parallel pin-, rod-, or tube-shaped fuel elements comprising fuel elements of different composition; comprising, in addition to the fuel elements, other pin-, rod-, or tube-shaped elements, e.g. control rods, grid support rods, fertile rods, poison rods or dummy rods
    • G21C3/328—Relative disposition of the elements in the bundle lattice
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C5/00—Moderator or core structure; Selection of materials for use as moderator
    • G21C5/02—Details
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Abstract

Seed-blanket type nuclear reactor cores (10, 100) are employed to burn thorium fuel with conventional reactor fuels, including nonproliferative enriched uranium, and weapons or reactor grade plutonium. In a first embodiment, the core (10) is completely nonproliferative in that neither the reactor fuel, nor the generated waste material, can be used to manufacture nuclear weapons. In a second embodiment of the invention, the core (100) is employed to burn large amounts of weapons grade plutonium with the thorium, and provides a convenient mechanism by which stockpiled weapons grade plutonium can be destroyed and converted into electrical energy. The cores of both embodiments are comprises of a plurality of seed-blanket units (12, 102) which have centrally located seed regions (18, 104) that are surrounded by annular blanket regions (20, 106). The seed regions contain the uranium or plutonium fuel rods (22, 110), while the blanket regions contain thorium fuel rods (26, 118).
PCT/US1996/013038 1994-08-16 1996-08-14 Seed-blanket reactors WO1997008711A2 (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP96927386A EP0871958B1 (en) 1994-08-16 1996-08-14 Seed-blanket reactors
UA98031310A UA42847C2 (en) 1995-08-16 1996-08-14 Nuclear reactor, active zone of nuclear reactor, method of nuclear reactor active zone control, nucleus-cover cell of nuclear reactor fuel elements
BR9610204-7A BR9610204A (en) 1994-08-16 1996-08-14 Nuclear reactor, method for operating a nuclear reactor and light water nuclear reactor core.
KR1019980701043A KR100313964B1 (en) 1995-08-16 1996-08-14 Seed-blanket reactor
CA002229064A CA2229064C (en) 1994-08-16 1996-08-14 Seed-blanket reactors
DE69632070T DE69632070T2 (en) 1994-08-16 1996-08-14 SPALT BREED NUCLEAR REACTOR
JP51030997A JP3147907B2 (en) 1994-08-16 1996-08-14 Seed blanket reactor
KR1020007015055A KR100336214B1 (en) 1995-08-16 1996-08-14 Seed-blanket reactors
AU67222/96A AU6722296A (en) 1994-08-16 1996-08-14 Seed-blanket reactors

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US28874994A 1994-08-16 1994-08-16
USPCT/US95/10400 1995-08-16
US9510400 1995-08-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997008711A2 WO1997008711A2 (en) 1997-03-06
WO1997008711A3 true WO1997008711A3 (en) 1997-04-17

Family

ID=41066779

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1996/013038 WO1997008711A2 (en) 1994-08-16 1996-08-14 Seed-blanket reactors

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (4) US5737375A (en)
EP (2) EP1154440A1 (en)
JP (1) JP3147907B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1182540C (en)
AU (1) AU6722296A (en)
BR (1) BR9610204A (en)
CA (1) CA2229064C (en)
DE (1) DE69632070T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2219693T3 (en)
RU (2) RU2222837C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1997008711A2 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9355747B2 (en) 2008-12-25 2016-05-31 Thorium Power, Inc. Light-water reactor fuel assembly (alternatives), a light-water reactor, and a fuel element of fuel assembly

Families Citing this family (50)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0836740B1 (en) * 1995-07-04 2000-02-02 European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) A method for the destruction of plutonium by irradiation in a light water reactor
US6512805B1 (en) 1999-09-14 2003-01-28 Hitachi, Ltd. Light water reactor core and fuel assembly
US7013279B1 (en) * 2000-09-08 2006-03-14 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Personal computer and scanner for generating conversation utterances to a remote listener in response to a quiet selection
JP3823804B2 (en) * 2001-10-22 2006-09-20 ソニー株式会社 Signal processing method and apparatus, signal processing program, and recording medium
US9047995B2 (en) * 2002-12-18 2015-06-02 Global Nuclear Fuel—Americas, LLC Method and system for designing a nuclear reactor core for uprated power operations
US7231333B2 (en) * 2003-03-31 2007-06-12 Global Nuclear Fuel - Americas, Llc Method and arrangement for developing core loading patterns in nuclear reactors
US8873698B2 (en) * 2002-12-18 2014-10-28 Global Nuclear Fuel—Americas, LLC Computer-implemented method and system for designing a nuclear reactor core which satisfies licensing criteria
US7200541B2 (en) * 2002-12-23 2007-04-03 Global Nuclear Fuel-Americas, Llc Method and arrangement for determining nuclear reactor core designs
US7424412B2 (en) * 2002-12-23 2008-09-09 Global Nuclear Fuel - Americas, Llc Method of determining nuclear reactor core design with reduced control blade density
US20050069075A1 (en) * 2003-06-04 2005-03-31 D.B.I. Century Fuels And Aerospace Services, Inc. Reactor tray vertical geometry with vitrified waste control
US7636652B2 (en) * 2003-10-06 2009-12-22 Global Nuclear Fuel - Americas, Llc Method and apparatus for facilitating recovery of nuclear fuel from a fuel pool
US7499840B2 (en) 2003-10-06 2009-03-03 Global Nuclear Fuel - Americas, Llc Method and apparatus for creating and editing a nuclear reactor core loading template
US7220549B2 (en) * 2004-12-30 2007-05-22 Helicos Biosciences Corporation Stabilizing a nucleic acid for nucleic acid sequencing
GB0720452D0 (en) 2007-10-19 2007-11-28 Rolls Royce Plc An assembly
DE102008001481B4 (en) 2007-11-20 2010-08-05 Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh Fuel element for light water reactors suitable for thorium use with separate splitting and breeding material arrangement and its production
CN101447238B (en) * 2007-11-27 2013-03-20 中国核动力研究设计院 Nuclear reactor core capable of improving neutron flux rate
CN103971758B (en) * 2007-12-26 2017-06-23 钍能源股份有限公司 For the fuel element of fuel assembly
AU2007363064B2 (en) * 2007-12-26 2014-02-13 Thorium Power Inc. Nuclear reactor (variants), fuel assembly consisting of driver-breeding modules for a nuclear reactor (variants) and a fuel cell for a fuel assembly
US8116423B2 (en) 2007-12-26 2012-02-14 Thorium Power, Inc. Nuclear reactor (alternatives), fuel assembly of seed-blanket subassemblies for nuclear reactor (alternatives), and fuel element for fuel assembly
US20100067644A1 (en) * 2008-09-12 2010-03-18 D Auvergne Hector A Thorium-based nuclear reactor and method
EA023549B9 (en) * 2008-12-25 2016-07-29 Ториум Пауэр Инк. Fuel element of fuel assembly for light-water nuclear reactor
KR102057337B1 (en) 2009-11-02 2019-12-18 테라파워, 엘엘씨 Standing wave nuclear fission reactor and methods
US9786392B2 (en) * 2009-11-06 2017-10-10 Terrapower, Llc Methods and systems for migrating fuel assemblies in a nuclear fission reactor
US10008294B2 (en) * 2009-11-06 2018-06-26 Terrapower, Llc Methods and systems for migrating fuel assemblies in a nuclear fission reactor
US9922733B2 (en) * 2009-11-06 2018-03-20 Terrapower, Llc Methods and systems for migrating fuel assemblies in a nuclear fission reactor
US9799416B2 (en) * 2009-11-06 2017-10-24 Terrapower, Llc Methods and systems for migrating fuel assemblies in a nuclear fission reactor
EP2497087A2 (en) * 2009-11-06 2012-09-12 Searete LLC Methods and systems for migrating fuel assemblies in a nuclear fission reactor
US9852823B1 (en) * 2010-03-30 2017-12-26 The Boeing Company Methods and systems for producing fissile material from fertile feedstock
WO2011143172A1 (en) * 2010-05-11 2011-11-17 Thorium Power, Inc. Fuel assembly with metal fuel alloy kernel and method of manufacturing thereof
US10170207B2 (en) 2013-05-10 2019-01-01 Thorium Power, Inc. Fuel assembly
US10192644B2 (en) 2010-05-11 2019-01-29 Lightbridge Corporation Fuel assembly
AU2015202628A1 (en) * 2010-05-11 2015-06-25 Thorium Power, Inc. Fuel assembly
CA2810133C (en) * 2010-09-03 2021-04-13 Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited Nuclear fuel bundle containing thorium and nuclear reactor comprising same
US10176898B2 (en) 2010-11-15 2019-01-08 Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited Nuclear fuel containing a neutron absorber
US10950356B2 (en) 2010-11-15 2021-03-16 Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited Nuclear fuel containing recycled and depleted uranium, and nuclear fuel bundle and nuclear reactor comprising same
RU2524686C2 (en) * 2012-12-04 2014-08-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Государственный научный центр Научно-исследовательский институт атомных реакторов" Method of producing boron-11 isotope and compounds based thereon
CA2839084C (en) 2013-01-17 2020-07-14 Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited Heterogeneous core designs and thorium based fuels for heavy water reactors
RU2541516C1 (en) * 2013-07-26 2015-02-20 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" - Госкорпорация "Росатом" Operating method of nuclear reactor in thorium fuel cycle with extended reproduction of isotope 233u
RU2539352C1 (en) * 2013-08-05 2015-01-20 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Научно-исследовательский институт Научно-производственное объединение "ЛУЧ" (ФГУП "НИИ НПО "ЛУЧ") Method of making fuel element of high-temperature reactor
JP6039524B2 (en) * 2013-09-25 2016-12-07 日立Ｇｅニュークリア・エナジー株式会社 Transmutation assembly and fast reactor nuclear power generation system using the same
US20150098544A1 (en) * 2013-10-09 2015-04-09 Anatoly Blanovsky Sustainable Modular Transmutation Reactor
EP3195324B1 (en) * 2014-09-16 2020-02-19 Lightbridge Corporation Nuclear fuel assembly
EP3010025B1 (en) 2014-10-17 2017-10-04 Thor Energy AS Fuel assembly for a nuclear power boiling water reactor
RU180840U1 (en) * 2017-12-12 2018-06-28 Акционерное общество "Высокотехнологический научно-исследовательский институт неорганических материалов имени академика А.А. Бочвара" Fuel element of dispersion type
CN109273105B (en) * 2018-09-13 2022-03-25 中国核动力研究设计院 Supercritical carbon dioxide reactor fuel assembly
CN109545397A (en) * 2018-10-23 2019-03-29 中广核研究院有限公司 One kind receives cooled fast reactor cored structure
CN110867261B (en) * 2019-11-21 2021-07-06 中国核动力研究设计院 Multi-type pellet mixed loading metal cooling reactor and management method
KR20240021174A (en) 2021-05-11 2024-02-16 클린 코어 토륨 에너지 엘엘씨 Thorium-based fuel design for pressurized heavy water reactors
CN113566970B (en) * 2021-06-22 2023-06-16 中国辐射防护研究院 Searching method and device for Pu-238 isotope heat source
JP7306759B1 (en) 2022-06-27 2023-07-11 株式会社ジェック Flowing snow ditch water passage section switching system

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3154471A (en) * 1963-11-15 1964-10-27 Radkowsky Alvin Nuclear reactor
US3671392A (en) * 1971-03-15 1972-06-20 Atomic Energy Commission Light-water breeder reactor
US3960655A (en) * 1974-07-09 1976-06-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Nuclear reactor for breeding U233
WO1985001826A1 (en) * 1983-10-21 1985-04-25 Alvin Radkowsky Nuclear reactor of the seed and blanket type
US4678619A (en) * 1978-05-04 1987-07-07 Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Nuclear reactor
US4968476A (en) * 1982-05-14 1990-11-06 Touro College Light water breeder reactor using a uranium-plutonium cycle

Family Cites Families (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2898281A (en) * 1954-09-29 1959-08-04 Untermyer Samuel Neutronic reactor control
DE1175370B (en) * 1959-12-22 1964-08-06 Asea Ab Procedure for regulating and operating a homogeneous nuclear reactor
US3219535A (en) * 1964-12-15 1965-11-23 Thomas R Robbins Nuclear reactor control means
US3309277A (en) * 1965-05-17 1967-03-14 Jaye Seymour Nuclear reactor and method of fuel management therefor
US3335060A (en) * 1965-09-20 1967-08-08 Richard L Diener Seed-blanket neutronic reactor
US3859165A (en) * 1970-07-29 1975-01-07 Atomic Energy Commission Epithermal to intermediate spectrum pressurized heavy water breeder reactor
US3957575A (en) * 1974-04-16 1976-05-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Mechanical design of a light water breeder reactor
US3998692A (en) * 1974-07-09 1976-12-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Nuclear reactor for breeding U233
UST947011I4 (en) * 1975-04-17 1976-06-01
US4169760A (en) * 1975-08-14 1979-10-02 Combustion Engineering Inc. Nuclear reactor with scrammable part length rod
IL53122A (en) * 1977-10-13 1980-11-30 Univ Ramot Nuclear reactor and method of operating same
US4609522A (en) * 1984-02-03 1986-09-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Mechanical drive system for moving fuel
US4820478A (en) * 1986-01-07 1989-04-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Nuclear reactor control rod with uniformly changeable axial worth
US4879086A (en) * 1988-09-27 1989-11-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Neutron economic reactivity control system for light water reactors
US4941158A (en) * 1989-03-30 1990-07-10 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Nuclear reactivity control configuration
BR9305893A (en) * 1992-02-04 1997-08-19 Radkowsky Thorium Power Corp Nuclear reactor

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3154471A (en) * 1963-11-15 1964-10-27 Radkowsky Alvin Nuclear reactor
US3671392A (en) * 1971-03-15 1972-06-20 Atomic Energy Commission Light-water breeder reactor
US3960655A (en) * 1974-07-09 1976-06-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Nuclear reactor for breeding U233
US4678619A (en) * 1978-05-04 1987-07-07 Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Nuclear reactor
US4968476A (en) * 1982-05-14 1990-11-06 Touro College Light water breeder reactor using a uranium-plutonium cycle
WO1985001826A1 (en) * 1983-10-21 1985-04-25 Alvin Radkowsky Nuclear reactor of the seed and blanket type

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9355747B2 (en) 2008-12-25 2016-05-31 Thorium Power, Inc. Light-water reactor fuel assembly (alternatives), a light-water reactor, and a fuel element of fuel assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6722296A (en) 1997-03-19
DE69632070D1 (en) 2004-05-06
US5864593A (en) 1999-01-26
EP0871958B1 (en) 2004-03-31
JP3147907B2 (en) 2001-03-19
EP1154440A1 (en) 2001-11-14
CN1182540C (en) 2004-12-29
CN1192820A (en) 1998-09-09
ES2219693T3 (en) 2004-12-01
JPH11508367A (en) 1999-07-21
US6026136A (en) 2000-02-15
EP0871958A4 (en) 1998-11-18
EP0871958A2 (en) 1998-10-21
BR9610204A (en) 1999-12-21
RU2222837C2 (en) 2004-01-27
US5737375A (en) 1998-04-07
US5949837A (en) 1999-09-07
RU2176826C2 (en) 2001-12-10
WO1997008711A2 (en) 1997-03-06
DE69632070T2 (en) 2005-03-03
CA2229064A1 (en) 1997-03-06
CA2229064C (en) 2000-10-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO1997008711A3 (en) Seed-blanket reactors
RU2001118450A (en) FUEL ASSEMBLY FROM IGNITION-REPRODUCING MODULES FOR THE NUCLEAR REACTOR (OPTIONS)
RU98104447A (en) REACTOR WITH A DOUBLE ACTIVE ZONE INCLUDING THE IGNITION ZONE AND PLAYBACK ZONE
SE8004485L (en) KERNREAKTOR
EP0093901B1 (en) High uranium utilization fuel rod for light water reactors
GB1436465A (en) Methods of operating at least two nuclear reactors
ES8705141A1 (en) Symmetric blanket nuclear fuel assembly.
JPS6443792A (en) Core and initially loaded core of nuclear reactor
ES8702044A1 (en) Method of starting up a nuclear reactor, and a light-water and spectral-shift nuclear reactor for doing so.
EP0613152A1 (en) Mid-enrichment axial blanket for a nuclear reactor fuel rod
JPH04357493A (en) Structure of fuel assembly
JP3031644B2 (en) Fuel assemblies and cores
GB1482991A (en) Nuclear reactor and process for production of nuclear fue
JPS6361990A (en) Fuel aggregate
JPH0552475B2 (en)
GB1236331A (en) Pressure tube type fuel assembly for nuclear reactor
GB2019076A (en) Nuclear Fuel Pins
KR100237136B1 (en) Candu fuel bundle with a low void coefficient
UA42847C2 (en) Nuclear reactor, active zone of nuclear reactor, method of nuclear reactor active zone control, nucleus-cover cell of nuclear reactor fuel elements
JPS6454285A (en) Core of reactor
JPS5435584A (en) Fuel assembly of reactor
Cascione et al. Review of the Present Trends in the Development of Fuel Management Strategies for Light Water Reactors, With Particular Reference to BWRs.
JPH0827370B2 (en) Boiling water reactor
JPH09304566A (en) Reactor fuel element and fuel assembly
ISHIKAWA et al. O-arai Engineering Center, Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 96196267.4

Country of ref document: CN

AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE HU IL IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK TJ TM TR TT UA UG UZ VN AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): KE LS MW SD SZ UG AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA

DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2229064

Country of ref document: CA

Ref document number: 2229064

Country of ref document: CA

Kind code of ref document: A

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 1997 510309

Country of ref document: JP

Kind code of ref document: A

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1019980701043

Country of ref document: KR

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1996927386

Country of ref document: EP

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1996927386

Country of ref document: EP

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1019980701043

Country of ref document: KR

WWG Wipo information: grant in national office

Ref document number: 1019980701043

Country of ref document: KR

WWG Wipo information: grant in national office

Ref document number: 1996927386

Country of ref document: EP