WO1997017662A1 - Method and apparatus for server-independent caching of dynamically-generated customized pages - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for server-independent caching of dynamically-generated customized pages Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997017662A1 WO1997017662A1 PCT/US1996/017687 US9617687W WO9717662A1 WO 1997017662 A1 WO1997017662 A1 WO 1997017662A1 US 9617687 W US9617687 W US 9617687W WO 9717662 A1 WO9717662 A1 WO 9717662A1
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- customized
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- file request
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/90—Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
- G06F16/95—Retrieval from the web
- G06F16/955—Retrieval from the web using information identifiers, e.g. uniform resource locators [URL]
- G06F16/9566—URL specific, e.g. using aliases, detecting broken or misspelled links
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
- Y10S707/99931—Database or file accessing
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to the operation of client-server computer networks. More particularly, this invention relates to a general technique for using a server computer to store a dynamically-generated customized page so that subsequent requests for the same customized page can be retrieved from storage without having to dynamically re-generate the customized page.
- the World Wide Web (WWW) of computers is a large collection of computers operated under a client-server computer network model.
- a client computer requests information from a server computer.
- the server computer passes the requested information to the client computer.
- Server computers are typically operated by large information providers, such as commercial organizations, governmental units, and universities.
- Client computers are typically operated by individuals.
- HTTP Hypertext Transport Protocol
- HTML Hypertext Markup Language
- the HTTP protocol supports a feature known as "dynamically-generated customized pages".
- a dynamically-generated customized page results in a set of information in a particular format.
- the same set of information can be presented in a number of ways, depending upon whether a particular format is supported by a client computer.
- a first client computer may support the ability to represent information in a number of columns
- a second client computer may support the ability to represent information in a table.
- a server computer receiving a request from the first client computer will dynamically generate the requested information in a format with columns. It will respond to a request from the second client computer by dynamically generating the requested information in table format.
- two customized pages are created to represent the same information.
- Computer programs are used to dynamically-generate customized pages.
- Existing computer programs to generate customized pages do not scale well for large numbers of requests.
- existing methods provide a relatively slow response when a large number of requests are made for customized pages. This slow response time is attributable to the fact that in existing systems, a computer program must be executed to dynamically-generate a customized page for each request.
- the invention is a method and apparatus for operating a client-server computer network such that a server computer dynamically generates and then stores customized pages requested from a client computer. Subsequent requests for previously generated customized pages are retrieved from a cache in the server computer. Since previously generated customized pages need not be re-generated, computational overhead is reduced.
- This functionality is achieved by transforming a file request into a customized file request.
- the customized file request includes the original file request and at least one selected attribute of a computer user, such as browser name, computer domain, or computer platform.
- an error indication is generated.
- a customized page corresponding to the file request is created in response to the error indication.
- the invention is highly advantageous because it does not require the dynamic- generation of a customized page every time a customized page is requested. Instead, previously generated customized pages can be returned to a client computer without incurring the computational overhead of re-generating the same customized page.
- This functionality is achieved in a server-independent manner. That is, this functionality is invoked in response to a file search error that all HTTP server programs utilize.
- the invention exploits inherent features in existing HTTP server programs. Thus, implementation of the invention does not require a customized server program and can otherwise by readily operated with existing server programs.
- FIGURE 1 illustrates a client-server computer network that may be operated in accordance with the present invention.
- FIGURE 2 illustrates the processing associated with one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGURE 3 illustrates the processing performed by various software programs in one embodiment of the invention.
- FIGURE 4 illustrates the processing performed by various software programs in one embodiment of the invention.
- FIGURE 5 is a more detailed representation of various file handling operations performed in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a client-server computer network 20 that may be operated in accordance with the present invention.
- the network 20 includes at least one client computer 22 and at least one server computer 24.
- the client computer 22 and the server computer 24 are connected by a transmission channel 26, which may be any wire or wireless transmission channel.
- the client computer 22 is a standard computer including a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 30 connected to a memory (primary and/or secondary) 32.
- the memory 32 stores a number of computer programs, including a "browser" 34.
- a browser is used to communicate with remote server computers 24 and to visually present the information received from such computers.
- the client computer 22 establishes network communications through a standard network connection device 36.
- the server computer 24 includes standard server computer components, including a network connection device 40, a CPU 42, and a memory (primary and/or secondary) 44.
- the memory 44 stores a set of computer programs to implement the processing associated with the invention.
- the memory 44 stores a standard communication program 46 to realize standard network communications.
- the memory 44 also stores a standard server program 48.
- the program 48 may be a standard HTTP software server program, such as: NETS1TETM, from
- the standard software server program 48 is instructed to make a call to a novel front door program 49.
- Standard HTTP server programs include a feature that allows another program to be called when a certain condition is satisfied.
- the front door program 49 is called by the server program 48 when the server program 48 receives a request for a standard file name, instead of a request for a customized file name.
- the front door program 49 transforms the standard file name into a customized file request.
- the customized file request is typically implemented as a combination of the initial standard file name and a selected attribute of a computer user.
- the selected attribute may be the browser used by the client computer 22, the domain name of the user's network connection, the platform (computer type) of the client computer 22, or some other attribute that specifies the format capabilities of the client computer 22.
- the memory 44 also stores a caching page generator program 50. This program is invoked when a customized file request cannot be matched to an existing set of files stored on the server computer 24. In this case, conventional computer servers generate an error indication that is passed back to the client computer. In the HTTP protocol, this error indication is Error 404.
- the caching page generator program 50 of the invention intercepts any error indication by creating a customized file corresponding to the customized file request.
- the present invention uses an inherent feature of conventional HTTP servers, namely the file location error signal, to invoke the caching page generator program 50.
- the caching page generator program 50 Instead of simply returning an error signal to a client computer 24, the caching page generator program 50 generates a customized file for the client computer 24.
- the customized file created by the server computer 24 is stored by the file handler program 52.
- the server program 48 simultaneously passes the contents of the customized file to the client computer 24.
- FIG. 2 illustrates processing steps that may be executed in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
- the first processing step shown in Figure 2 is to establish a "state connection" with a server computer 24 (step 60).
- the HTTP protocol used by the WWW is "stateless". That is, each request to a server computer 24 from a client computer 22 operates by: (1) establishing a connection between a client computer 22 and a server computer 24; (2) sending a request from the client computer 22 to the server computer 24; (3) returning the requested information from the server computer 24 to the client computer 22; and (4) closing the connection between the client computer 22 and the server computer 24.
- a customized file name is created when an initial connection is made between a client computer 22 and a server computer 24.
- the customized file name is effectively attributed to a previous state connection with a particular client computer 22.
- the customized file name may be implemented as a CURL.
- CURL is an acronym for Customized Uniform Resource Locator.
- a Uniform Resource Locator or URL specifies a protocol, a computer, and a file.
- a typical URL is
- This URL is an instruction to retrieve the file 123 from the computer "cnet” using the HTTP protocol.
- a URL may also be used to invoke a specified function on a remote computer, with the remote computer returning the results of the invoked and executed function.
- the customized file request or CURL is used to find a match (step 62). That is, the CURL is compared to the file names stored on the server computer 24. If a match is found, then a customized page is sent from the server computer 24 to the client computer 22 (step 64). If no match is found, then an error indication is generated on the server computer 24.
- the caching page generator program 50 responds to the error indication by creating a customized page (step 66). A customized page is created by using information in the customized file request.
- the customized file request is typically implemented as a combination of the initial file name and a selected attribute of a computer user.
- the server computer 24 uses the initial file name to identify the set of information that will be sent to the client computer 22. It uses the selected attribute to customize the set of information. As will be discussed below, the selected attribute provides sufficient information for the server computer 24 to identify what formats are supported by the client computer 22.
- the list of file names is updated (step 68).
- the customized page is then stored (step 70) and returned (step 72) to the client computer 22 (steps 68, 70, and 72 may be performed simultaneously).
- steps 68, 70, and 72 may be performed simultaneously.
- a primary novel attribute of the present invention is that it is capable of storing and retrieving customized files and the customized pages contained therein.
- a program need not be executed to form a customized file each time a customized file is called. Instead, the program is only executed once. Thereafter, the customized file is stored in the memory 44 of the server computer 24. Consequently, subsequent requests for the customized file can be quickly processed.
- the customized file name format is immediately invoked with an original file request at a computer server 24.
- the present invention is highly advantageous because it can be implemented with any number of HTTP software server programs. Thus, it is considered server-independent.
- the invention is also advantageous in its ability to use standard server computer 24 resources, such as the native file handling capabilities of a server computer 24. The details of the invention and its benefits will be more fully appreciated with reference to Figures 3-5.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the processing performed by various software modules of the present invention.
- a browser 32 is used to request a front door connection at a server computer 24 (step 80).
- the connection request is then processed by the server program 48 by calling the front door program 49 (step 82).
- the front door program 49 processes the request by forming a CURL (step 83).
- the connection request indicated that "pageX" on the server computer 24 should be returned to the client computer 22.
- the client computer 22 is using "browserY" (through its interaction with the client computer 22, the server computer 24 knows which browser 34 the client computer 22 is using).
- the customized file may be defined as "pageX, browserY".
- the customized file name is a combination of a requested page and a selected attribute, namely the browser type.
- the customized file name may be formed in any number of ways. The only limitations in this regard are that the requested page must be recognizable, the selected attribute must be recognizable, and the name must be a valid name for the controlling operating system.
- a "redirect” command is an address passed from a server computer 24 to a client computer 24, which the client computer 24 uses to access a server computer specified in the address.
- the CURL generation operation of step 83 may result in the following redirect command being generated "http://server_24/pageX,browserY”.
- the browser 24 receives this command and executes it (step 84), resulting in a re- connection to the server 24 ("server_24") that generated the CURL.
- the server program 48 recognizes the customized file format observed by the incoming command. Namely, it notes that a page is specified ("pageX”) and a selected attribute is specified ("browserY"). Consequently, the server computer 24 recognizes that a previous connection has been made with this client computer 22 and there is no need to generate a customized file name. Instead, the program 48 attempts to match the customized file name (CURL) to a list of files stored on the server computer 24 (step 86). In an initial state, an error indication will be generated. That is, when the server computer 24 first comes on line, it has not generated any customized pages. Thus, when an initial file request comes in and it is transformed into a customized file request, an attempt to match the customized file request will fail, thereby producing an error indication.
- CURL customized file name
- the caching page generator 50 responds to an error indication by creating a customized page (step 88).
- Figure 3 refers to the creation of a custom front page.
- a client computer 22 wants to observe the front page of a web site.
- the customized page is generated by relying upon the information in the customized file request.
- the page specified in the initial file request is used to identify the set of information that will be returned to the client computer 24.
- the selected attribute of the customized file request will specify the format of the returned information.
- "PageX" is a set of information that can be represented in a number of formats, say in a column or in a table form.
- the format in which it is returned to the client computer 22 depends upon a selected attribute of the client computer 22 requesting the information.
- the selected attribute may be the browser 34 of the client computer 22.
- standard features of different browsers are stored by the server computer 24.
- the server computer 24 can elect a particular format in which to return the requested information. Expanding on this example, assume that "BrowserY” supports tables, but not columns. When the server computer 24 receives the request for "pageX”, it notes that "BrowserY” supports tables, and therefore, if appropriate, presents the information of "pageX" in a table format, thus creating a customized page.
- the customized page is then stored (step 90) by the file handler 52.
- it is passed to the browser (step 92).
- the customized page passed to the browser 34 may include a set of customized file requests embedded therein. For example, when a front page of a web site is returned to a browser 34, it is likely that the client computer 22 will select a link in the customized front page that request additional information from the same server computer 24 to which it is presently connected.
- the caching page generator 50 of the invention may change each link in a customized page to include a customized file request. For example, suppose that an un-customized front page includes a link to "pageA" of the originally accessed server computer 24. The caching page generator 50 may change this link to read "pageA, BrowserY". That is, the original page specification is appended with the previously identified selected attribute.
- the caching page generator 50 has modified the links in a customized page returned to the browser 34, then activating the link will allow the server program 48 to identify the customized file name format. Consequently, it will attempt to match the customized file name to the list of existing file names. If the caching page generator 50 has not inserted customized file names into a customized page, then the original page specification will be used. This will result in the generation of a CURL (steps 82, 83). In the present example, an assumption is made that the caching page generator 50 created a customized page with customized file names. This results in the server program 48 attempting to match the activated customized file name with a file name existing on the server computer 24. If the specified customized page does not exist, it is generated in the manner previously described (step 96).
- the generated customized page is stored by the file handler 52 (step 98) and is passed to the browser 34, where it is displayed (step 100).
- the processing shown in Figure 4 generally corresponds to the processing shown in Figure 3, with one notable exception.
- the caching page generator 50 is not invoked because the requested customized pages were previously generated, and therefore they exist in the server memory 46.
- step 110 in Figure 4 the attempt to match the CURL results in a file hit, meaning that the requested file was generated from a previous transaction and resides in memory.
- a fetch command is then processed by the file handler 52, which returns the requested file. The same operation is then repeated at steps 118 and 120.
- Figure 5 is a more detailed illustration of the file handling operations associated with the present invention. Note that an initial file request is handled by the front door program 49. As previously discussed, this results in the redirection of a customized file request back to the server computer 24. At this point the server program 48 attempts to match the incoming customized file request with its list of existing files 136.
- Figure 5 illustrates three standard files, File X, File Y, and File Z. Each file is listed in the list of files 136. Each listed file has an associated pointer, as shown in Figure 5, to the server computer 24 memory 44 location that holds its corresponding file content.
- the list of files 136 of Figure 5 also includes a reference to a customized file "Y,C".
- the customized file "Y,C” has a pointer to a memory location that holds the contents of a previously created customized page.
- the incoming customized file name is "Z,C".
- the server program 48 attempts to match the file name with the list of file names, it results in an error indication.
- the error indication is identified by a customized page generator 146 of the caching page generator 50.
- the customized page generator 146 uses the original page designation to identify File Z in memory and it uses the selected attribute to determine how the information in File Z should be returned to the client computer 22. This information is then used to create Custom File Z 150.
- the file handler 52 stores Custom File Z 150.
- Custom File Z is passed to the server program 48.
- the customized page generator 146 updates the list of files 136.
- the list of files 136 would be amended to include file name "Z,C".
Abstract
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU77214/96A AU7721496A (en) | 1995-11-06 | 1996-11-06 | Method and apparatus for server-independent caching of dynamically-generated customized pages |
DE69626535T DE69626535T2 (en) | 1995-11-06 | 1996-11-06 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SERVER-INDEPENDENT CACHING OF DYNAMICALLY CREATED ADJUSTED MEMORY PAGES |
JP9518265A JP2000500259A (en) | 1995-11-06 | 1996-11-06 | Method and apparatus for server-independent caching of dynamically generated customized pages |
EP96940293A EP0859986B1 (en) | 1995-11-06 | 1996-11-06 | Method and apparatus for server-independent caching of dynamically-generated customized pages |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US08/554,168 US5740430A (en) | 1995-11-06 | 1995-11-06 | Method and apparatus for server-independent caching of dynamically-generated customized pages |
US08/554,168 | 1995-11-06 |
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WO1997017662A1 true WO1997017662A1 (en) | 1997-05-15 |
WO1997017662B1 WO1997017662B1 (en) | 1997-06-05 |
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PCT/US1996/017687 WO1997017662A1 (en) | 1995-11-06 | 1996-11-06 | Method and apparatus for server-independent caching of dynamically-generated customized pages |
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US (1) | US5740430A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0859986B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2000500259A (en) |
AU (1) | AU7721496A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69626535T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997017662A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69626535D1 (en) | 2003-04-10 |
JP2000500259A (en) | 2000-01-11 |
AU7721496A (en) | 1997-05-29 |
US5740430A (en) | 1998-04-14 |
EP0859986A4 (en) | 1999-01-13 |
DE69626535T2 (en) | 2003-12-18 |
EP0859986B1 (en) | 2003-03-05 |
EP0859986A1 (en) | 1998-08-26 |
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