WO1997029464A1 - Article surveillance system - Google Patents
Article surveillance system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997029464A1 WO1997029464A1 PCT/SE1997/000199 SE9700199W WO9729464A1 WO 1997029464 A1 WO1997029464 A1 WO 1997029464A1 SE 9700199 W SE9700199 W SE 9700199W WO 9729464 A1 WO9729464 A1 WO 9729464A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- surveillance system
- article surveillance
- detection zone
- controller
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
- G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
- G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
- G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
- G08B13/2465—Aspects related to the EAS system, e.g. system components other than tags
- G08B13/2485—Simultaneous detection of multiple EAS tags
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V15/00—Tags attached to, or associated with, an object, in order to enable detection of the object
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
- G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
- G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
- G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
- G08B13/2428—Tag details
- G08B13/2437—Tag layered structure, processes for making layered tags
- G08B13/2442—Tag materials and material properties thereof, e.g. magnetic material details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
- G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
- G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
- G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
- G08B13/2428—Tag details
- G08B13/2437—Tag layered structure, processes for making layered tags
- G08B13/2445—Tag integrated into item to be protected, e.g. source tagging
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
- G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
- G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
- G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
- G08B13/2465—Aspects related to the EAS system, e.g. system components other than tags
- G08B13/2468—Antenna in system and the related signal processing
- G08B13/2471—Antenna signal processing by receiver or emitter
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an article sur- veillance system for detecting the presence of articles in a detection zone, comprising at least one transmitter means and at least one receiver means for transmitting and receiving, respectively, electromagnetic radio-frequent signals within the detection zone or in a proximity there- of, each article being provided with a sensor operating as a transponder for transmitting an electromagnetic radio- frequent reply signal to said receiver means when receiving a signal from said transmitter means.
- US-A-5 030 940 discloses an electronic article surveillance system.
- Electronic labels are used for marking and theft- protecting the desired articles.
- Such an electronic label is of a radio-frequent transponder type and comprises for instance an antenna, a power source, such as a battery, and a non-linear circuit, for instance some kind of semiconduc ⁇ tor diode.
- the transponder may receive a first electromagnetic signal of a high frequency, which has been transmitted by a transmitter in the surveillance zone, as well as a second signal of a substantially lower frequency, by means of which an electrostatic field is generated in the surveillance zone.
- electro ⁇ static field certain properties of the non-linear circuit are influenced, the most important of which being the electric reactance.
- a label acting as a sensor or transponder is provided with an antenna and at least one electric resonance circuit, comprising inductive as well as capacitive means; a so- called LC-circuit.
- the resonance circuit is excited to self-oscillation by means of electromagnetic energy trans ⁇ mitted by an excitation means and received through the antenna of the sensor.
- the frequency of the reply signal trans ⁇ mitted from the resonance circuit is dependent upon the magnitude and the direction of the magnetic bias field at the current position of the sensor in question.
- a con ⁇ sequence a simultaneous detection of a plurality of identical sensors present in the surveillance zone is possible, thanks to the reply signals thereof being separated in the frequency domain through their different magnetic bias levels.
- a calculation "back ⁇ wards" in three dimensions of the position for any given sensor is possible by means of the detected frequency value, provided that the heterogeneous magnetic bias field is known.
- Yet another object of the invention is to enable detection of monitored articles, which are being trans ⁇ ferred into and out of the detection zone, respectively, as well as between sectors within the detection zone.
- the reference numeral 10 represents a part of any given shop, which is located close to the shop exit. Before an exemplary customer steps into the exit area 10 on his way out of the shop, he has already passed some type of cash-desk arrangement, where he is supposed to pay for all the articles picked during his tour around the shop. For the purpose of checking that each customer actually has duly paid for all his articles, at least some, or even all, articles available in the shop assortment are provided with a respective transponder-type sensor 20, which will be disclosed in more detail below. When an article is paid for, the sensor 20 is removed or deactivated at the the cash-desk by conventional means. Any sensor 20 not being removed or deactivated will be detected by the article surveillance system according to the invention in a way described below. For clarifying reasons neither the article, on which the sensor 20 is mounted, nor the person, who is making an illegal attempt to carry the article out of the shop without paying for it, have been indicated in FIG 1.
- a transmitter antenna 11 and a receiver antenna 12 are arranged in the exit area 10.
- the transmitter antenna 11 is operatively connected to an output stage 13, which in turn is connected to a controller 14.
- the output stage 13 comprises various conventional driving and amplifying circuits as well as means for generating a high-frequency electric current i HF , which will flow in alternating direc ⁇ tions through the transmitter antenna 11 when supplied thereto, thereby generating high-frequent electromagnetic signals with a frequency f HF in a well-know fashion around the transmitter antenna, which are transported in different directions away from the antenna by propagation of waves.
- the magnetic field-generating means 16 consists of an electric conductor, such as a copper wire, which is wound in one turn or a plurality of turns around a coil frame.
- the coil arrangement is essentially shaped as a rec ⁇ tangle, which is large enough to expose the entire part of the exit area 10, which is to be monitored for passing customers, to a magnetic modulation field described below.
- the coil arrangement may consist of a plurality of coils arranged next to each other, optionally with a certain degree of overlapping with respect to each other, as described below.
- a suitable material for this wire-shaped element is for instance one of the amorphous alloys Co 68 1 Fe 4/4 Si 12 5 B 15 or Co 70 5 Fe 4 5 Si 15 B 10 , both of which have a major fraction of cobalt.
- the element is arranged in a dielectric environment, for instance inside a glasstube filled with a liquid, and the element is acting as a receiver antenna for incoming electromagnetic signals as well as a transmitter antenna for transmitting electromagnetic reply signals.
- the material properties of the wire-shaped elements are such, that the permeability ⁇ r thereof depends on the magnetizing field strength along the main direction of the element in a way, which now will be closer described.
- FIG 2 graphically illustrates how the permeability ⁇ r of a material according to the above depends on the mag ⁇ netizing field strength H of the magnetic modulation field.
- H mag ⁇ netizing field strength
- H of£get and H mo _ have opposite directions ou tside the detection zone 18, which may be viewed upon as the " offse value now being negative (-H offset in the leftmost portion of FIG 3) .
- ⁇ r will initially increase, i.e. the sine wave variations in permeability starts in a different phase than for the rightmost graph.
- the sine wave variations in permeability (and hence also the variations in the amplitude of the reply signal from the sensor) are consequently offset in phase by 180° with respect to each other, depending on whether the sensor is located inside or outside the zone 18.
- FIG 5 illustrates the z-component, i.e. the vertical component, of the field vectors in FIG 4.
- a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) 30 is control- led through a DC voltage V cont for generating a high-fre ⁇ quency signal in a well-known manner.
- the frequency of the high-frequency signal is for practical reasons divided down to half of the original frequency by means of a divider circuit 31, and then the signal is bandpass filtered around the carrier frequency £ HF by means of a filter 32 to be supplied to the transmitter antenna 11.
- a radio-frequent reply signal transmitted from a sensor 20 is received in the receiver antenna 12, filtered by means of a bandpass filter 33 and supplied to an input of a mixer circuit 34.
- the mixer circuit 34 receives at a second input the output signal from the divider circuit 33 and amplitude-demodu ⁇ lates the high-frequency signal received in the receiver antenna 12.
- the signal thus demodulated is filtered by means of a filter circuit 35, before it is supplied to an amplifier 36 and a lowpass filter 37.
- the controller 14 controls the coil arrangement 16 through the driving stage 17 for generating a low-frequency magnetic modulating field, as described above.
- the driving stage 17 comprises a sine wave generator 17a as well as a power amplifier 17b, and the modulating current i m ⁇ d supplied by the generator 17a is also supplied to a first input of a synchronous demodulator circuit 38, which at a second input thereof receives the receiver signal i demod , which according to the above has been amplitude-demodulated as well as amplified and filtered.
- the detection security inherent in this system may be increased by requiring the value of S to deviate from zero during a time period long enough and/or by a margin large enough.
- the security may be further improved through the enhanced embodiments of the system described below.
- another appropriate type of signal proces ⁇ sing may be used for determining the presence of the sensor within the detection zone.
- the detection zone 18 may be sectorized in different sectors in order to facilitate the individual detection of a plurality of sensors, which all are simultaneously present in different part of the detection zone.
- a procedure is highly desired, if the shop in question is provided with a wide exit of, for instance, 5-15 meters. Several customers may pass through such an exit simultaneously, and whenever any of these customers carries an article provided with a sensor, a system corresponding to the basic embodiment described above will detect the presence of the sensor and give an alarm. Then a most unpleasant situation emerges for the rest of the customers in the detection zone, since which one of the customers who has committed the attempted theft is not immediately obvious.
- FIG 8 schematically illustrates a wide detection zone 18, corresponding to a shop exit viewed from the above.
- the walking direction of the customers is to the "north", i.e. from the bottom to the top in the drawing.
- the magnetic field-generating means 16 is represented by a coil arrangement consisting of a plurality of coils 16a, 16b, 6c, said coils being arranged side by side, thereby covering the entire detec ⁇ tion zone 18.
- each coil is operatively connected to the controller 14, which controls the operation of the coil arrangement, so that the first coil 16a generates a magnetic modulating field at a first frequency f 1# the next coil 16b operates at a second frequency f 2 , etc.
- the controller may determine the sector, in which the sensor in question is located, by means of the frequency contents of the demodulated signal. While a sensor present in a certain sector will be influenced also by the magnetic modulating fields originating from the surrounding sectors, the received and demodulated reply signal will be stronger at the "correct" frequency (for instance f_ , if the sensor is located in the first sector) , due to the field strength being dependent upon the dis ⁇ tance.
- the next coil arrangement will be active, and so on.
- the procedure is continuously repeated, and the time intervals may essentially be chosen arbitrarily short, with the restriction, however, that a sufficient number of modulating cycles must lapse during each time period. Time intervals of approximately 10-100 ms have proven suitable for a modulating frequency of about 500 Hz.
- the controller may then determine the correct sector for a reply signal received from a sensor 20 somewhere in the detection zone 18 by registering the particular time period ( ⁇ tj, ⁇ t 2 , ...) , during which the signal was received.
- different sectors are arranged at a certain degree of overlapping in relation to each other, as shown for instance in FIG 9.
- Such an arrangement has the considerable advantage of allowing a substantially narrower detection zone (with respect to the walking direction for customers passing out through the shop) as described below, thereby reducing the risk of false alarms. Furthermore, the arrangement provides the information received and available to the controller 14 with one additional dimension of information. This new dimension is the position history of the current sensor, i.e. the controller will now have the opportunity to detect the direction of the transfer of a sensor between different sectors within the detection zone.
- a detection zone 18a, 18b corresponding to a portion of a shop exit, is schematically illustrated as a side view.
- Two coils 16a, 16b which are a part of the coil arrangement 16, are arranged at a certain height above a ground plane 21, such as the floor in the shop.
- one coil 16a is arranged slightly above the other coil 16b with a partial overlapping d with respect to the first coil.
- the situation in FIG 9 is of a schematic nature only, and hence the relation in size between d and the coils 16a, 16b, respectively, should not be regarded relevant.
- the two coils are arranged, so that a customer passing out through the shop exit will first pass through the detection sector 18a belonging to the first coil 16a, then through the overlapping zone 25 and finally through the detection sector 18b belonging to the second coil 16b, i.e. in a direction from right to left in FIG 9.
- the coils 16a, 16b are here arranged behind each other (in relation to the travelling direction of the customer) in the detection zone, in contrast to the situa ⁇ tion in FIG 8, where the different coils are preferably arranged beside each other.
- the detection zone may be sectorized in its longi ⁇ tudinal direction as well as its transversal direction, as is schematically illustrated in FIG 10.
- the sensor 20 will reach the position to the right in FIG 9, that is inside the detection sector 18a.
- the controller will detect the presence of the sensor inside sector 18a, which is rep ⁇ resented by the character "+”.
- the coil 16b is active, wherein the controller may determine that the sensor is located outside sector 18b, which is represented by the character "-".
- the coil arrangement and driving method described above it is possible to detect the transfer of a sensor 20 in the detection zone 18.
- a con ⁇ siderably high degree of detection security is obtainable, since the alarm conditions may be chosen in such a way, that at least a few, or even all, of the above state sequences must have been detected, before an alarm signal is generated.
- a considerably reduced detec ⁇ tion zone is possible by only requiring the state sequence "++ ++ ++ ++ " before generating the alarm signal.
- the detection zone 18 has in such a case been reduced to the overlapping zone 25 only, which may be made very narrow, for instance a few decimeters.
- Still another advantage of having an overlapping arrangement is the elimination of the potential problem posed by the factor cos ( ⁇ x ) in the expression described above for the signal S (3 .
- ⁇ x depends on the position of the sensor in relation to the antennas 11 and 12. Since cos( ⁇ x ) may take on positive as well as negative values, the basic embodiment described above may in some situations have problems when determining whether the sensor is present inside or outside the zone. However, this problem is eliminated by the differential operating method accor ⁇ ding to the arrangement described immediately above, i.e. the differences between (or the changes in) the various signal components are used as alarm conditions.
- the coils are arranged as overlapping pairs, similar to the description above.
- both coils in each coil pair are driven by modulating currents having the same frequency, but instead the relation between the amplitudes of the respective modulating currents varies with time, whereby the magnetic modulating field contribution from the respec- tive coil will vary with time, too, for a given position in the detection zone.
- the current amplitude in the first coil equals 0 , 21, while the current amplitude in the second coil equals 0,81.
- the conditions are 0, J and 0,61, respectively, etc. Consequently, the sum of the current amplitudes is constant, while the distribution between the two coils varies with time.
- a demodulated reply signal with a varying amplitude is obtained hereby.
- This may be described as a second, "superimposed” amplitude modulation of the reply signal from the sensor, wherein this amplitude modulation does not show, as long as the sensor is located within the overlapping zone, but will appear, as soon as the sensor leaves the overlapping zone. This fact is used when determining the sensor position in relation to the overlapping zone.
- a field picture as described above may for instance be obtained by driving one of the coils in the coil pair at a certain phase shift in relation to the other.
- One way of reducing the number of required frequencies by 50% is to drive one coil in a pair of coils at a certain frequency, while the adjacent coil in the pair is driven at the same frequency but with a phase shift of 90°. Since the driving signals will then be orthogonal, the above-mentioned problem is eliminated. Furthermore, fewer frequencies have the advantage of a more simple kind of driving electronics. By such driving of coil pairs with a certain difference in phase with respect to each other, a corresponding phase difference may be registered in the received reply signal, when a sensor passes between the two coils, which may be used for determining whether the sensor is present in one sector or the other.
- 16a"-b" is described above as being arranged at a ceiling or roof level in the monitored premises, it is equally possible to arrange the coil arrangement at a ground level instead, the detection zone thereby being formed by an arbitrary volume essentially straight above the coil arrangement, instead of below the arrangement, as previous ⁇ ly. Furthermore, it is possible to combine the alternatives above, i.e. to arrange coils above as well as below the detection zone. Such an arrangement would have the advan- tage of exhibiting magnetic modulation field(s) of essen ⁇ tially equal strength throughout the entire detection zone.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/125,131 US6137411A (en) | 1996-02-12 | 1997-02-11 | Article surveillance system |
DE69702652T DE69702652T2 (en) | 1996-02-12 | 1997-02-11 | GOODS MONITORING SYSTEM |
CA002245736A CA2245736C (en) | 1996-02-12 | 1997-02-11 | Article surveillance system |
EP97904707A EP0880763B1 (en) | 1996-02-12 | 1997-02-11 | Article surveillance system |
JP09528460A JP2000510618A (en) | 1996-02-12 | 1997-02-11 | Article monitoring system |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9600528A SE506167C2 (en) | 1996-02-12 | 1996-02-12 | Sensor for contactless detection of objects |
SE9600528-5 | 1996-02-12 | ||
SE9601033A SE506449C2 (en) | 1996-02-12 | 1996-03-19 | Article Surveillance systems |
SE9601033-5 | 1996-03-19 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997029464A1 true WO1997029464A1 (en) | 1997-08-14 |
Family
ID=26662512
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SE1997/000199 WO1997029464A1 (en) | 1996-02-12 | 1997-02-11 | Article surveillance system |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6137411A (en) |
EP (2) | EP0880763B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2000510618A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2245736C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69702652T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2151717T3 (en) |
SE (1) | SE506449C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997029464A1 (en) |
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WO1999065006A1 (en) * | 1998-06-08 | 1999-12-16 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Identification tag with enhanced security |
JP2000341884A (en) * | 1999-04-07 | 2000-12-08 | Stmicroelectronics Sa | Electromagnetic transponder operating by very close coupling |
EP1774486A2 (en) * | 2004-04-23 | 2007-04-18 | Demodulation, Inc. | Detection of articles having substantially rectangular cross-sections |
US8669847B2 (en) | 2008-09-22 | 2014-03-11 | Carl Tyrén | Method and device for identifying a tag based on the orientation of fibers |
US8717430B2 (en) | 2010-04-26 | 2014-05-06 | Medtronic Navigation, Inc. | System and method for radio-frequency imaging, registration, and localization |
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SE521232C2 (en) * | 1997-02-17 | 2003-10-14 | Rso Corp | Sensor and method for contactless detection of objects |
US7009516B2 (en) * | 1998-03-12 | 2006-03-07 | D.I.P.O. Sa | Electronic sensor system for monitoring activity of objects |
FR2780221B1 (en) | 1998-06-22 | 2000-09-29 | Sgs Thomson Microelectronics | TRANSMISSION OF AN OPERATING INSTRUCTION BY AN ALTERNATIVE POWER SUPPLY LINE |
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US6433533B1 (en) * | 1999-03-03 | 2002-08-13 | Sardis Technologies Llc | Giant magneto-impedance(GMI) spin rate sensor |
US6650226B1 (en) | 1999-04-07 | 2003-11-18 | Stmicroelectronics S.A. | Detection, by an electromagnetic transponder reader, of the distance separating it from a transponder |
FR2792132B1 (en) | 1999-04-07 | 2001-11-02 | St Microelectronics Sa | READING TERMINAL OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSPONDER OPERATING IN VERY CLOSE COUPLING |
FR2792136B1 (en) | 1999-04-07 | 2001-11-16 | St Microelectronics Sa | DUPLEX TRANSMISSION IN AN ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSPONDER SYSTEM |
FR2792135B1 (en) | 1999-04-07 | 2001-11-02 | St Microelectronics Sa | VERY CLOSE COMPLAGE OPERATION OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSPONDER SYSTEM |
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FR2809251B1 (en) * | 2000-05-17 | 2003-08-15 | St Microelectronics Sa | DEVICE FOR PRODUCING AN ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD FOR A TRANSPONDER |
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WO2001095240A2 (en) * | 2000-06-05 | 2001-12-13 | Transcore Holdings, Inc. | Method and apparatus to determine the direction to a transponder in a modulated backscatter communication system |
FR2812986B1 (en) * | 2000-08-09 | 2002-10-31 | St Microelectronics Sa | DETECTION OF AN ELECTRIC SIGNATURE OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSPONDER |
US20030169169A1 (en) * | 2000-08-17 | 2003-09-11 | Luc Wuidart | Antenna generating an electromagnetic field for transponder |
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US7973660B2 (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2011-07-05 | Sensormatic Electronics, LLC | Electronic article surveillance deactivator with multiple label detection and method thereof |
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US9830424B2 (en) | 2013-09-18 | 2017-11-28 | Hill-Rom Services, Inc. | Bed/room/patient association systems and methods |
US10132699B1 (en) | 2014-10-06 | 2018-11-20 | National Technology & Engineering Solutions Of Sandia, Llc | Electrodeposition processes for magnetostrictive resonators |
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- 1997-02-11 EP EP97904707A patent/EP0880763B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-02-11 WO PCT/SE1997/000199 patent/WO1997029464A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-02-11 CA CA002245736A patent/CA2245736C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-02-11 JP JP09528460A patent/JP2000510618A/en active Pending
- 1997-02-11 ES ES97904707T patent/ES2151717T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-02-11 EP EP00100804A patent/EP0999531A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-02-11 DE DE69702652T patent/DE69702652T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO1999065006A1 (en) * | 1998-06-08 | 1999-12-16 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Identification tag with enhanced security |
JP2000341884A (en) * | 1999-04-07 | 2000-12-08 | Stmicroelectronics Sa | Electromagnetic transponder operating by very close coupling |
EP1774486A2 (en) * | 2004-04-23 | 2007-04-18 | Demodulation, Inc. | Detection of articles having substantially rectangular cross-sections |
EP1774486A4 (en) * | 2004-04-23 | 2010-05-05 | Demodulation Inc | Detection of articles having substantially rectangular cross-sections |
US8669847B2 (en) | 2008-09-22 | 2014-03-11 | Carl Tyrén | Method and device for identifying a tag based on the orientation of fibers |
US8717430B2 (en) | 2010-04-26 | 2014-05-06 | Medtronic Navigation, Inc. | System and method for radio-frequency imaging, registration, and localization |
US10939053B2 (en) | 2010-04-26 | 2021-03-02 | Medtronic Navigation, Inc. | System and method for radio-frequency imaging, registration, and localization |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2245736A1 (en) | 1997-08-14 |
US6137411A (en) | 2000-10-24 |
DE69702652D1 (en) | 2000-08-31 |
SE9601033L (en) | 1997-08-13 |
EP0880763A1 (en) | 1998-12-02 |
SE9601033D0 (en) | 1996-03-19 |
JP2000510618A (en) | 2000-08-15 |
EP0999531A1 (en) | 2000-05-10 |
SE506449C2 (en) | 1997-12-15 |
ES2151717T3 (en) | 2001-01-01 |
CA2245736C (en) | 2003-04-29 |
EP0880763B1 (en) | 2000-07-26 |
DE69702652T2 (en) | 2001-04-05 |
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