WO1998008223A1 - Verfahren und schaltungsanordnung zur speicherung von diktaten bei einem digitalen diktiergerät - Google Patents
Verfahren und schaltungsanordnung zur speicherung von diktaten bei einem digitalen diktiergerät Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998008223A1 WO1998008223A1 PCT/EP1997/004511 EP9704511W WO9808223A1 WO 1998008223 A1 WO1998008223 A1 WO 1998008223A1 EP 9704511 W EP9704511 W EP 9704511W WO 9808223 A1 WO9808223 A1 WO 9808223A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cluster
- speech
- stored
- file
- frames
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C7/00—Arrangements for writing information into, or reading information out from, a digital store
- G11C7/16—Storage of analogue signals in digital stores using an arrangement comprising analogue/digital [A/D] converters, digital memories and digital/analogue [D/A] converters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to arrangements for writing information into, or reading information out from, a digital store
- G11C2207/16—Solid state audio
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for storing dictations in a digital dictation machine according to the preamble of claim 1, 5 or 9
- a table of contents is stored on the mass storage device, in which the address of the first cluster of the mass storage device used for storage is stored for each file.
- a file allocation table (FAT for short) on the Mass storage stored, which contains the address of the next cluster used for storing the file under the address of the currently used cluster.
- FAT file allocation table
- CONFIRMATION COPY The storage area in which a file is stored is accessed by looking for the file name in the table of contents of the mass storage device and the address of the first cluster, which is stored in connection with the file name, for access to both the file AI location -Table FAT and the data of the file is used By accessing the FAT, the address of the next cluster and the next entry in the file allocation table FAT is known. When the end of the file is reached, this entry consists of a file end entry This indicates that there are no more clusters in the file
- Word processing systems can proceed in such a way that text documents are usually loaded completely into the main memory of the personal computer, where data movements are possible very quickly
- Voice data require significantly more memory than text data, this procedure is very time-consuming and therefore unfriendly, even with a fast memory, but especially with a slow mass memory
- edit functions are carried out by manipulating the references to the next cluster to be output or the next language frame to be output.
- a reference to a cluster with only (logically) deleted data is replaced by a reference to the next following cluster, which contains undeleted data
- the number of clusters required can easily be included in this list of clusters linked via the file allocation table by adding a reference to the originally next cluster at the point at which the insertion is to take place Reference to the first cluster to be inserted is replaced and the last cluster to be inserted refers to the originally next cluster
- the cluster-oriented file system is adapted to the requirements by direct manipulation of the FAT and / or one or more clusters.
- Cluster headers with entries for the start address of the first speech frame and the speech frame number per cluster, each with several entries for correction possibilities, which are particularly useful in flash memory systems and have an entry for the speech coding algorithm used
- This type of cluster header enables optimum memory utilization by arranging the speech frames across clusters.
- a large memory resolution measured in terms of the memory consumption of the header, is achieved. This is particularly important for so-called silencer frames with speech coding algorithms
- Speech pause compression which require relatively little storage space, by inserting frame headers in front of each speech frame, the coding of different frame lengths is made possible, eg for space-saving speech coding algorithms with speech pause recognition
- FIG. 1 the physical and logical arrangement of the speech frames in a cluster
- FIG. 2 the allocation of a mass storage device with a file, in which references to the next following clusters are provided in a file allocation table
- FIG. 4 an exemplary representation of a dictation cluster
- Fig. 2 shows schematically a possible allocation of a mass storage, in particular a disk storage or an equally managed semiconductor memory, - with a file allocation table FAT, which contains an identifier for each cluster for its occupancy state, and a table of contents IV for the assignment of file names the first cluster of each saved file,
- FAT file allocation table
- each cluster containing a cluster information Clx in addition to the data Dx.
- a table of contents IV is initially stored in the mass storage device, by means of which a first cluster of the mass storage device is assigned to a file identifier, in particular a file name, in a first main entry, as is known from DOS Furthermore, information about the occupancy status of each cluster of the mass storage device is stored in the FAT, in order to be able to quickly recognize the occupied and free clusters of the mass storage device, also known from DOS.
- file information DM hereinafter referred to as a dictation header
- a dictation header contains various information that is important when the dictation is played back.
- information in the dictation header such as Number of file header clusters, file type recognition, version number,
- Additional information includes memory addresses of separate voice inserts, so-called voice information, which can be used separately by the user of the dictation machine for storing and / or creating additional information.
- information that is important for the reproduction can also be stored in the file information DU.
- the cluster information CHa of the first cluster contains the memory address of the first speech frame of the cluster, the number of speech frames stored in the cluster and an identifier for the compression algorithm used. This information can be stored several times in the cluster information CHa in order to make changes possible without deleting. This enables a seamless, cross-clustering of language frames of various lengths, as well as a space-saving and efficient division of the individual clusterers into language frames. The ratio of the number of divisions of the cluster in language frames to the storage requirements of the cluster information is very high.
- speech frames with a duration of approx. 20 ms of the speech signal are encoded.This enables a temporal accuracy that corresponds to the duration of a speech frame.
- the storage requirements of the speech frames can be different.
- not every cluster with a new speech frame begin It is therefore necessary to specify the start of the first language frame in the form of the memory address of the first language frame in each cluster
- Storage address of the first speech frame specifies the address of the fourth speech frame physically present in the cluster and the number of speech frames present in the cluster is set from eight to five. As a result, the first three saved speech frames are skipped during playback If the last three language frames are to be logically deleted, only the number of language frames stored in the cluster is set from five to two, as shown in FIG. 1. This skips the last three language frames.
- the language frames that are no longer required no longer have to be physically deleted off, if these are marked as not occupied This is particularly advantageous when using flash memories, since these memories can usually only be deleted in clusters or in multiples of clusters. It is not possible to delete a single language frame in a cluster
- the entry in the file allocation table FAT of the mass storage device is manipulated so that the entire cluster is no longer reproduced.
- a reference to a cluster with only logically deleted data is provided by a Reference to the next following cluster of the same file is replaced, which contains data that has not been deleted. This breaks the chain of clusters and reduces them by the (logically) deleted data.
- the number of clusters required can easily be included in the existing order of the clusters by inserting the entry in the file allocation table FAT at the point at which the insertion is to take place, by reference to the the first cluster to be inserted is replaced and the last cluster to be inserted in the file allocation table FAT contains a reference to the originally next cluster.
- the clusters to be inserted can be physically arranged anywhere in the mass storage
- the method according to the invention therefore enables changes to be carried out particularly quickly. For this purpose, by changing the references to the next following cluster, clusters are both inserted into a file and clusters are removed from a file
- the cluster information Clx stores how many speech frames are stored in the cluster in question and the address from which the first speech frame is stored. This makes it possible at the beginning or end of a cluster for individual speech frames, which form the smallest subdivision of the stored speech signal, from the file To be removed In this way parts of a file can be logically deleted without having to physically carry out an erasing process. This saves both electricity for an erasing process and processing time
- the speech frame header contains, for example, information about the silence suppression, which can take place in different stages, depending on the quality of the recording
- An exemplary representation of a dictation cluster is described below with reference to FIG. 4.
- the illustration shows a file cluster as it occurs in particular with flash memories. Language frames in the cluster are marked as invalid.
- the file cluster consists of the cluster information Clx, which in turn consists of the entries 01, 02, Ra1, Ra2 and K.
- 01 and 02 are entries for the address of the first language frame.
- Ra1 and Ra2 define the number of speech frames.
- Ra1 is assigned to 01
- Ra2 is assigned to 02.
- entry 01 is invalid
- 02 is valid and points to the first valid language frame Z4.
- the speech frames Z1 to Z3 are thus marked as invalid.
- the speech frame Yn is stored as the last speech frame in the previous cluster, exceeds the previous cluster and is completed in the current cluster. This creates a complete utilization of the memory.
- Ra2 is the number of valid speech frames in the cluster, which begins with speech frame Z4, the address of which is stored in 02.
- the value 4 is in Ra2, after which the speech frames Z4 to Z7 are valid.
- With K the compression algorithm is called.
- the speech frame headers are identified by Rh1 to Rh9. It is noted in the speech frame headers Rh1 to Rh3 and Rh7 to Rh9 that these speech frames (Z1 to Z3 and Z7 to Z9) are speech frames with speech. Rh4 to Rh6 identifies the speech frames Z4 to Z6 in which speech pause information is stored.
- information 01 is first read out and recognized as invalid. Therefore, the information from 02 is read out in the next step. That this information is recognized as valid, Ra2 is read out, in which the number of valid speech frames is defined. Then K is read out and evaluated and thus the Compression algorithm recognized In the next step, the address of the first valid speech frame (02) is accessed.
- the frame header Rh4 from Z4 is evaluated and from this I determine whether it is a frame with speech information or a frame with speech breaks. Speech breaks have the advantage that the frames need less storage space for the same length of time.
- the valid speech frames are then read, decoded and reproduced. After reading out the last valid speech frame Z7, the next cluster is determined and, as described above, processed
- a suitable control unit in the form of a microprocessor which, when playing back a file which generally contains a dictation in a dictation machine, contains the address of the first cluster and the entry in the file allocation table from the table of contents IV Reads the FAT of the desired dictation After the address has been determined in this way, the cluster information CHa of the first cluster is read from the mass storage device and, on the basis of this information, it is determined which speech frames are read from the mass storage device and are output acoustically as soon as all the speech frames of this cluster identified as relevant, which are stored as data D1a are saved, were output, the cluster information CM b of the next cluster and the next entry from the file allocation table FAT are read out with the address of the next cluster contained in the file allocation table FAT and then identified as relevant The speech frame of this cluster is read out from the data D1b and output acoustically.
- the control unit uses this to recognize that no further cluster is output should be and ends the playback When a dictation is recorded, voice data is stored on the mass storage device.
- the control unit first searches in the table of contents IV as freely marked clusters that can be used for storage.
- Control unit After the voice data have been stored in the form of speech frames, which are output by an encoder, they are generated Control unit automatically the respective cluster information Clx, which is stored at the beginning of the cluster.As a rule, several speech frames will not fill exactly one cluster, so that parts of speech frames are also stored in a subsequent cluster.Therefore, the control unit determines the start address of the first speech frame starting in the cluster and the number of language frames beginning in the cluster and controls the storage of this information at the beginning of the cluster in the storage spaces provided for this purpose
- the control unit continues to recognize the cluster and the language frame according to which the insertion is to take place, it continues to look for the next free cluster in table of contents IV it stores the address of the originally next cluster and the subsequent language frames of the current cluster in a buffer store.
- the control unit changes the cluster information Clx of this cluster in such a way that the speech frames that are no longer relevant after the point at which the insertion is to take place and replaces the reference in the file allocation table FAT with the originally next cluster a reference to the next cluster determined to be free. Then the speech frames to be inserted are stored.
- the control unit attaches the temporarily stored speech frames from the buffer and stores the reference from the buffer in the entry in the file allocation table FAT that is read out with the current cluster on the originally following cluster.
- the clusters to be inserted are inserted into the logical order of the originally occupied clusters during an insertion, and the playback order is thereby changed
- the control unit In the event that the information stored in the cluster information Clx about the number of language frames relevant in the cluster, the start address of the first language frame and the start address of the next cluster should not or cannot be overwritten, there is the possibility that several storage areas in the cluster information Clx are provided for this information and, in the event of a change, the new information is stored in the next, still free memory area.
- the control unit then always evaluates the information in the last described memory area. The control unit recognizes which this is from the stored value
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/051,729 US6275804B1 (en) | 1996-08-21 | 1997-08-19 | Process and circuit arrangement for storing dictations in a digital dictating machine |
AT97940090T ATE227466T1 (de) | 1996-08-21 | 1997-08-19 | Verfahren und schaltungsanordnung zur speicherung von diktaten bei einem digitalen diktiergerät |
EP97940090A EP0857345B1 (de) | 1996-08-21 | 1997-08-19 | Verfahren und schaltungsanordnung zur speicherung von diktaten bei einem digitalen diktiergerät |
DE59708662T DE59708662D1 (de) | 1996-08-21 | 1997-08-19 | Verfahren und schaltungsanordnung zur speicherung von diktaten bei einem digitalen diktiergerät |
DK97940090T DK0857345T3 (da) | 1996-08-21 | 1997-08-19 | Fremgangsmåde og kredsløbsarrangement til lagring af diktater ved en digital diktermaskine |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19633648A DE19633648A1 (de) | 1996-08-21 | 1996-08-21 | Verfahren und Schaltungsanordnung zur Speicherung von Diktaten bei einem digitalen Diktiergerät |
DE19633648.1 | 1996-08-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1998008223A1 true WO1998008223A1 (de) | 1998-02-26 |
Family
ID=7803200
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1997/004511 WO1998008223A1 (de) | 1996-08-21 | 1997-08-19 | Verfahren und schaltungsanordnung zur speicherung von diktaten bei einem digitalen diktiergerät |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6275804B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP0857345B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE227466T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19633648A1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK0857345T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1998008223A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
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EP1028384A2 (de) * | 1999-02-12 | 2000-08-16 | Sony Corporation | Gerät und Verfahren zum Editieren und Speichermedium |
EP1118998A1 (de) * | 1998-09-09 | 2001-07-25 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Multimedia-informationsaufzeichnungsvorrichtung und verfahren zur aufzeichnung einer multimedia-informationsdatei auf ein aufzeichnungsmedium |
KR100372935B1 (ko) * | 1999-03-23 | 2003-02-25 | 가부시끼가이샤 도시바 | 디지털 데이터 기록 장치 |
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JP3511916B2 (ja) | 1998-11-17 | 2004-03-29 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 記録再生装置 |
MY122279A (en) | 1999-03-03 | 2006-04-29 | Sony Corp | Nonvolatile memory and nonvolatile memory reproducing apparatus |
DE19960114A1 (de) * | 1999-12-08 | 2001-06-13 | Heidenhain Gmbh Dr Johannes | Verfahren zum Speichern von Daten in einer Datei eines Datenspeichersystems |
EP1126466A1 (de) * | 2000-02-18 | 2001-08-22 | STMicroelectronics S.r.l. | Elektronische Anordnung für das Aufnehmen und das Abspielen von Sprachdaten |
DE10300005A1 (de) * | 2003-01-02 | 2004-07-22 | Laub, Alexander, Dr. | Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines in einem Textverarbeitungsprogramm geschriebenen Textes und digitales Diktiergerät hierfür |
KR20050103448A (ko) * | 2003-02-04 | 2005-10-31 | 마츠시타 덴끼 산교 가부시키가이샤 | 반도체 메모리 카드 및 컴퓨터 판독가능한 프로그램 |
US9104315B2 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2015-08-11 | Sandisk Technologies Inc. | Systems and methods for a mass data storage system having a file-based interface to a host and a non-file-based interface to secondary storage |
US7877539B2 (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2011-01-25 | Sandisk Corporation | Direct data file storage in flash memories |
US20060184718A1 (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2006-08-17 | Sinclair Alan W | Direct file data programming and deletion in flash memories |
US20060184719A1 (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2006-08-17 | Sinclair Alan W | Direct data file storage implementation techniques in flash memories |
US7558906B2 (en) | 2005-08-03 | 2009-07-07 | Sandisk Corporation | Methods of managing blocks in nonvolatile memory |
US7669003B2 (en) * | 2005-08-03 | 2010-02-23 | Sandisk Corporation | Reprogrammable non-volatile memory systems with indexing of directly stored data files |
US7984084B2 (en) * | 2005-08-03 | 2011-07-19 | SanDisk Technologies, Inc. | Non-volatile memory with scheduled reclaim operations |
US7552271B2 (en) | 2005-08-03 | 2009-06-23 | Sandisk Corporation | Nonvolatile memory with block management |
US7627733B2 (en) | 2005-08-03 | 2009-12-01 | Sandisk Corporation | Method and system for dual mode access for storage devices |
US7949845B2 (en) * | 2005-08-03 | 2011-05-24 | Sandisk Corporation | Indexing of file data in reprogrammable non-volatile memories that directly store data files |
US7480766B2 (en) * | 2005-08-03 | 2009-01-20 | Sandisk Corporation | Interfacing systems operating through a logical address space and on a direct data file basis |
US7814262B2 (en) * | 2005-10-13 | 2010-10-12 | Sandisk Corporation | Memory system storing transformed units of data in fixed sized storage blocks |
US7529905B2 (en) * | 2005-10-13 | 2009-05-05 | Sandisk Corporation | Method of storing transformed units of data in a memory system having fixed sized storage blocks |
US7877540B2 (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2011-01-25 | Sandisk Corporation | Logically-addressed file storage methods |
US7747837B2 (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2010-06-29 | Sandisk Corporation | Method and system for accessing non-volatile storage devices |
US7769978B2 (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2010-08-03 | Sandisk Corporation | Method and system for accessing non-volatile storage devices |
US7793068B2 (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2010-09-07 | Sandisk Corporation | Dual mode access for non-volatile storage devices |
TWI371694B (en) * | 2006-06-29 | 2012-09-01 | Lg Electronics Inc | Method and apparatus for an audio signal processing |
US7917479B2 (en) | 2007-03-20 | 2011-03-29 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Non-volatile memory devices, systems including same and associated methods |
GB201515382D0 (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-10-14 | Bighand Ltd | Digital dictation workflow |
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- 1997-08-19 EP EP97940090A patent/EP0857345B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-08-19 AT AT97940090T patent/ATE227466T1/de active
- 1997-08-19 DK DK97940090T patent/DK0857345T3/da active
- 1997-08-19 US US09/051,729 patent/US6275804B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-08-19 DE DE59708662T patent/DE59708662D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1118998A1 (de) * | 1998-09-09 | 2001-07-25 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Multimedia-informationsaufzeichnungsvorrichtung und verfahren zur aufzeichnung einer multimedia-informationsdatei auf ein aufzeichnungsmedium |
EP1118998A4 (de) * | 1998-09-09 | 2003-05-21 | Sharp Kk | Multimedia-informationsaufzeichnungsvorrichtung und verfahren zur aufzeichnung einer multimedia-informationsdatei auf ein aufzeichnungsmedium |
US7389038B1 (en) | 1998-09-09 | 2008-06-17 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Multimedia information recording device and method for recording multimedia information file on recording medium |
EP1028384A2 (de) * | 1999-02-12 | 2000-08-16 | Sony Corporation | Gerät und Verfahren zum Editieren und Speichermedium |
EP1028384A3 (de) * | 1999-02-12 | 2005-05-25 | Sony Corporation | Gerät und Verfahren zum Editieren und Speichermedium |
KR100372935B1 (ko) * | 1999-03-23 | 2003-02-25 | 가부시끼가이샤 도시바 | 디지털 데이터 기록 장치 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19633648A1 (de) | 1998-02-26 |
ATE227466T1 (de) | 2002-11-15 |
EP0857345A1 (de) | 1998-08-12 |
EP0857345B1 (de) | 2002-11-06 |
US6275804B1 (en) | 2001-08-14 |
DE59708662D1 (de) | 2002-12-12 |
DK0857345T3 (da) | 2003-03-10 |
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