WO1998009542A1 - Method of adding fats and oils to porous fodder - Google Patents
Method of adding fats and oils to porous fodder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998009542A1 WO1998009542A1 PCT/JP1997/003140 JP9703140W WO9809542A1 WO 1998009542 A1 WO1998009542 A1 WO 1998009542A1 JP 9703140 W JP9703140 W JP 9703140W WO 9809542 A1 WO9809542 A1 WO 9809542A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fat
- oil
- oils
- fats
- porous
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for adding fats and oils to a porous feed in which fats and oils are added at a high rate to a porous feed having a large number of pores formed therein.
- a porous feed having a large number of pores formed therein is widely known as a feed used for fish farming.
- Fish feed, fish meal, raw fish, pupa, etc. may be used alone as powder or kneaded together.
- Pellet-type solid feeds obtained by processing other ingredients into solids have been widely used from the viewpoints of easy handling, good feedability, and the like.
- porous feeds having a large number of pores in the feed for fish farming and having floating properties have been produced and used.
- This porous feed is obtained by kneading a raw material containing various ingredients for feed with an extruder, and extruding the raw material gelatinized by the heat and pressure in the extruder into the atmosphere. It is manufactured by foaming and porosification of feed by rapid transpiration.
- porous feed produced in this way has a large number of pores, so it floats on the water surface for a long time and is easily taken up by fish.
- advantages such as.
- porous feeds containing high fats and oils containing a high percentage of fats and oils have been used in such porous feeds because of their good growth rate and the like as feed for fish farming such as yellowtail, red sea bream and horse mackerel. .
- the addition of fats and oils to porous feed is carried out by forming a raw material comprising a mixture of predetermined components using an extruder into a porous feed, followed by drying in a dryer using hot air to form the porous feed.
- the water content was adjusted, cooled by a cooler, sent to a fat and oil adding device, and fat and oil was added to the porous feed with the fat and oil adding device.
- the fat content at that time was at most about 15%.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-138944 discloses that a liquid fat is impregnated inside by placing a porous feed under reduced pressure. That is, it describes that the porous feed is put in an oil tank and the pressure is reduced, but it is desired to produce the feed more efficiently.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for adding fats and oils which can continuously and efficiently adsorb a large amount of fats and oils on a porous feed.
- the present invention is to continuously feed a porous feed together with added fats and oils to a fat and oil adding apparatus in a reduced pressure state.
- a drum mixer type fat and oil adding device that continuously adds fat and oil to a porous feed while maintaining a reduced pressure inside
- a drum mixer type fat and oil adding device that has been conventionally used can be replaced by a paddle mixer type fat and oil adding device.
- the type does not matter.
- the whole oil and fat adding device is housed in a pressure-resistant container, and the supply and discharge of porous feed are continuously performed while maintaining a reduced pressure using a rotary valve, a double damper, and the like. In this case, it is preferable to rotate the rotary valve ftj to smoothly supply and discharge continuously.
- a ribbon screw type continuous mixer is used for casing. It is better to use a cylindrical type and to use rotary valves for the supply port and the discharge port. This mixer has excellent pressure resistance, and since it is a cylinder, it can add fats and oils uniformly to the whole feed. It is also relatively easy to work with.
- a conventional continuous quantitative supply device may be arranged near the inlet of the oil and fat addition device, and there is no need to use a special device. There is no particular restriction on the type of vacuum pump for reducing the pressure inside the oil and fat addition apparatus.
- a continuous type of fat and oil adding device may be arranged in multiple stages to repeatedly add fat and oil to the porous feed.
- the fat and oil adding apparatus is placed after the dryer IS, a cooler is installed after the fat and oil adding apparatus, and the porous feed is cooled after the fat and oil is added to the porous feed by the fat and oil adding apparatus.
- the product is passed through a continuous fat and oil addition device that is kept in a reduced pressure state.
- the addition rate can be adjusted.
- the porous feed in the high temperature state is not cooled, but passes through a fat and oil adding device that is kept under reduced pressure, the water from the high temperature porous feed scatters and evaporates, reducing the water content. Since both the content and the temperature decrease, the capacity of the cooler installed downstream can be kept low. In this case, the capacity of the vacuum pump is increased by the amount of water evaporation to maintain the reduced pressure state.
- heat treatment of the rotary valve may be necessary.
- measures such as heat insulation may be taken as measures against condensation in the mixer casing.
- Oil addition device is some degree of cowpea to hold the reduced pressure may also improve the addition ratio of the fat force - as possible out high 4 0 0-1 7 0 0 mm is added rate to H g. If the degree of vacuum is lower than 14 ° O mm Hg, no significant increase in the addition rate is observed, and even if the degree of vacuum is increased above ⁇ 70 O mm Hg, the rate of addition further increases. Therefore, it becomes impractical from the point that equipment such as pressure-resistant equipment becomes excessive.
- FIG. 1 is a flow sheet of Example 1 of the method for adding fats and oils to a porous feed according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flow sheet of Example 2 of the method for adding fat or oil to a porous feed according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing the internal structure of the continuous depressurizing fat and oil adding apparatus used in the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a front view of a continuous depressurizing fat and oil adding apparatus used in the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a flow sheet of an embodiment of the method for adding fats and oils to a porous feed.
- 1 is a mixer for mixing raw materials
- 2 is an extruder for adding steam and pressurizing and kneading
- 3 is a drier
- 4 is a cooler
- 5 is a fat and oil adding device.
- the method of adding fats and oils is as follows. First, a raw material in which various ingredients for feed are appropriately mixed is put into mixer 1 (in the direction of arrow A), where oils, fats, water, and steam are added (in the direction of arrow B) and heated and mixed. Put the raw materials into Extruder 2. In the extruder 2, steam is added to the extruder 2 (in the direction of arrow C), and the mixture is kneaded under pressure, extruded, dried in a dryer 3 using hot air, and cooled in a cooler 4. I do. In this way, a pellet-shaped porous feed set at a predetermined moisture content and temperature is formed.
- the porous feed is further placed in a fat and oil adding device 5 kept in a reduced pressure state for adding fats and oils, kept inside for about 2 minutes to add fats and oils, and then discharged to the outside of the fat and oil adding device 5. In this way, a predetermined amount of fat or oil is added to the porous feed.
- the extruder 2 is composed of a mixer, a screw as an extruder, a case thereof, a die provided at the end of the case, and the like. When mixed and pressed, it expands when extruded from the front die hole to form a large number of holes, forming a porous feed. Further, a rotary power cutter is provided at the front of the die, and the porous feed is cut into a predetermined length by the rotary power cutter and formed into a predetermined size. The porous feed at this time has a temperature of 60 to 90 ° C and a water content of 20 to 25%.
- the dryer 3 is a band type device for drying the porous feed by hot air, and the porous feed is dried to a required moisture content of 7 to 8%.
- the temperature of the porous feed at the outlet of the dryer 3 is 70 to 100 ° C.
- the cooler 4 is a device that introduces outside air into the inside, and brings the introduced outside air into contact with the porous feed to cool it to a predetermined temperature.
- Fig. 4 shows the appearance of the fat and oil addition device 5.
- the oil / fat adding device 5 is composed of two chamber revolving valves 7 A and 8 A and a ribbon screw type continuous mixer 6.
- the piping is connected to a vacuum exhaust pipe connection port, that is, a vacuum pump 9 through a vacuum pump (not shown). ) And reduce the pressure inside.
- the degree of decompression by the vacuum pump is not constant and may fluctuate, or may be released to the atmosphere on the way.
- FIG. 3 shows the internal structure of the fat and oil addition device 5.
- the fat and oil adding apparatus 5 has a structure in which a ribbon screw type continuous mixer 6 rotates (the number of rotations is 6.5 to 8.5 rpm) in the casing 10.
- the diameter of the screw is 700 mm
- the length is 600 mm
- the pitch of the blade is 5 25 mm
- the number of turns of the blade is 1 roll
- the ribbon 11 of the ribbon-screw type blade 6 has a width of 1 mm.
- Mm. 11 A is an auxiliary blade made of a circular tube in which the stirring ribbon i1 is connected in the axial direction and serves as a rib for stirring.
- the supplementary ribs 11 are provided as necessary, not only can the addition of fat and oil become more uniform, but also the time during which the porous feed stays in the fat and oil addition device 5 can be adjusted.
- the position of this sleeve rib 1 1 1 Or even every other blade pitch, and the position may be arbitrary.
- the casing 10 is provided with an appropriate number of evacuation ports 9 at appropriate intervals in the longitudinal direction, and the degree of depressurization inside is approximately ⁇ 600 mmHg ( ⁇ 400 mm g should be within the range of g).
- the added fats and oils are continuously mixed with the feed before the rotary valve for vacuum 7 A. Then, as it is, the oil and fat addition device 5 is passed through the rotary valve 7A.
- the mixing method may be such that both are simply and continuously flowed at the same time, and there is no particular need to atomize fats and oils.
- fats and oils are added to the porous feed by passing through each device in order. 5 to 10% fat and oil is newly added to the porous feed by the fat and oil adding device 5, and the fat (5 to 7%) contained in the raw material and the fat and fat added before granulation (5 to 1 °%) are added.
- a porous feed containing a high fat content with a total fat content of 20 to 30% is formed.
- FIG. 2 shows a flow sheet of a second embodiment of the method for adding fats and oils to a porous feed.
- the fat and oil adding device 5 is disposed immediately after the dryer 3, and when the drying is completed, the porous feed is put into the fat and oil adding device 5 to add the fat and oil.
- predetermined heat resistance measures and the like are performed on the rotary valve 7 7, the fat and oil additive, the addition device 5, and the like. Since fats and oils are added to a high-temperature porous feed at a higher rate than at normal temperature, a larger amount of fats and oils can be added than shown in Example 1 above.
- there is also an advantage that the load on the cooler 4 at the subsequent stage is reduced because a part of the water is also scattered from the porous feed.
- the air volume of the cooler was 4.5 m 3 / min, the degree of decompression of the oil and fat addition device was -600 to 620 mmHg, and the residence time was 2 minutes.
- Cooler 20 8.0 0 1 1.0
- the measurement location is at each outlet.
- a comparison of the above experimental results between Example 1 and Example 2 shows that in Example 1, the temperature of the cooler was reduced by 60 degrees, whereas in Example 2, the temperature was reduced by 30 degrees. This indicates that the load on the cooler was reduced under the conditions of Example 2. You.
- a pellet of porous feed with a diameter of 19 mm and a length of 17 mm was retained in a fat and oil addition device 5 with a vacuum of 600 mm Hg for 2 minutes.
- the adsorbed oil and fat was calculated from the weight of the adhering oil and fat).
- Example 1 the fat and oil addition rate was 7%, but in Example 2, the fat and oil adsorption rate was as high as 1%.
- a high percentage of fats and oils can be continuously added to the porous feed.
- fats and fats can be added to a porous feed for fish farming and the like at a high rate and in a continuous manner, and a porous feed containing the necessary fats and oils can be efficiently produced. can do.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002263534A CA2263534A1 (en) | 1996-09-05 | 1997-09-05 | Method of adding fats and oils to porous fodder |
US09/242,889 US6440477B2 (en) | 1996-09-05 | 1997-09-05 | Method of adding fats and oils to porous fodder |
EP97939202A EP0927522A4 (en) | 1996-09-05 | 1997-09-05 | PROCESS FOR ADDING FAT MATERIAL TO POROUS FORAGE |
NO991081A NO991081L (no) | 1996-09-05 | 1999-03-04 | FremgangsmÕte for tilsetning av fettstoffer og oljer til por°st f¶r |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP8/234866 | 1996-09-05 | ||
JP23486696 | 1996-09-05 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998009542A1 true WO1998009542A1 (en) | 1998-03-12 |
Family
ID=16977576
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1997/003140 WO1998009542A1 (en) | 1996-09-05 | 1997-09-05 | Method of adding fats and oils to porous fodder |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6440477B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0927522A4 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2263534A1 (ja) |
NO (1) | NO991081L (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1998009542A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000033674A1 (de) * | 1998-12-09 | 2000-06-15 | Masterfoods Gmbh | Verfahren zum vakuumbeschichten eines extrudierten materials |
WO2000076329A1 (de) * | 1999-06-14 | 2000-12-21 | Tetra Werke Dr. Rer. Nat. Ulrich Baensch Gmbh | Energiereiche futterflocken für fische und invertebraten sowie verfahren zur herstellung |
JP2002539806A (ja) * | 1999-03-25 | 2002-11-26 | ヌトレコ・アクアカルチャー・リサーチ・センター・エーエス | 固形飼料を製造する方法並びにこの方法を実施するために使用されるプラント |
JP2008532542A (ja) * | 2005-03-18 | 2008-08-21 | フィッシュフィード・アーエス | 水産養殖種用飼料の製造プロセス |
JP2018066013A (ja) * | 2012-01-25 | 2018-04-26 | カーギル インコーポレイテッド | デンプン及びタンパク質を含有するペレット、そのための処理及びその利用 |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19962866A1 (de) * | 1999-12-24 | 2001-07-05 | Effem Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen gefüllter Nahrungsmittel-Hohlkörper |
DE10009510A1 (de) * | 2000-02-29 | 2001-09-06 | Effem Gmbh | Halbfeuchtes Futtermittelprodukt |
DE10029079B4 (de) * | 2000-06-13 | 2006-04-20 | Mars Inc. | Probiotische Mikroorganismen enthaltendes Nahrungsmittelerzeugnis |
NO313222B1 (no) * | 2000-09-22 | 2002-09-02 | Nutreco Aquaculture Res Ct As | Fremgangsmåte ved fremstilling av fôrpellet og anlegg for bruk ved fremgangsmåtens gjennomföring |
NO316013B1 (no) * | 2000-10-03 | 2003-12-01 | Tto Seafarm Products As | Fremgangsmåte og apparat til behandling av fiskefôr |
NL1018308C2 (nl) * | 2001-06-15 | 2002-12-17 | Bvba Europ Business Support N | Vet bevattende melkvervanger voor jongvee, werkwijze voor de bereiding van de vet bevattende melkvervanger en de daarbij toe te passen inrichting. |
NO319624B1 (no) | 2003-09-15 | 2005-09-05 | Trouw Internat Bv | Fiskefôr for laksefisk i ferskvann og anvendelse av slikt fôr. |
NO323529B1 (no) * | 2004-05-13 | 2007-06-04 | Trouw Internat Bv | Framgangsmate for reduksjon av innholdet av uonskede naeringsstoffer i avlopsvann fra fiskeoppdrettsanlegg. |
US9771199B2 (en) | 2008-07-07 | 2017-09-26 | Mars, Incorporated | Probiotic supplement, process for making, and packaging |
US20110104327A1 (en) * | 2009-04-23 | 2011-05-05 | Bacterfield International S.A. | Probiotic pet food |
WO2010122107A1 (en) * | 2009-04-23 | 2010-10-28 | Bacterfield International S.A. | Probiotic oil suspension and use thereof |
CA2765887C (en) | 2009-06-24 | 2018-08-07 | Land O'lakes Purina Feed Llc | High fat feed particles |
CA2985801C (en) | 2015-05-16 | 2021-10-26 | Big Heart Pet, Inc. | Palatable expanded food products and methods of manufacture thereof |
BE1026367B1 (nl) * | 2018-06-15 | 2020-01-20 | United Petfood Producers Nv | Vacuüm coating proces |
BE1026379B1 (nl) * | 2018-06-15 | 2020-01-20 | United Petfood Producers Nv | Functionele voedersamenstelling met probiotica |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6420077A (en) * | 1987-07-15 | 1989-01-24 | Norihiko Ii | Apparatus for producing feed |
JPH02138944A (ja) * | 1989-10-16 | 1990-05-28 | Nisshin Flour Milling Co Ltd | 多孔性養魚飼料の吸油性改良法 |
JPH03180163A (ja) * | 1989-12-06 | 1991-08-06 | Nisshin Flour Milling Co Ltd | 多孔性ペレット用の液体含浸装置 |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DK155573C (da) * | 1986-05-26 | 1989-08-14 | Jesma Matador As | Fremgangsmaade ved tilsaetning af flydende stoffer til produkter, der er fremstillet ved ekstrudering |
US4971820A (en) * | 1989-06-02 | 1990-11-20 | Canada Packers Inc. | Animal feeds and processes for their manufacture |
US5102671A (en) * | 1989-11-06 | 1992-04-07 | Sprout-Waldron Australia Pty. Limited | Feed pellet manufacturing process |
JP3180163B2 (ja) | 1992-01-27 | 2001-06-25 | 株式会社小森コーポレーション | 印刷機械のシリンダ洗浄装置およびその洗浄方法 |
CA2106774C (en) * | 1992-01-24 | 2005-01-04 | Reinder Sietze Hamstra | Method for the preparation of feed pellets |
JPH09182561A (ja) * | 1995-12-28 | 1997-07-15 | Pacific Sci Kk | 養魚用飼料ペレットへの油脂の吸着方法及び装置 |
US6136353A (en) * | 1996-07-23 | 2000-10-24 | Buhler Ag | Method of incorporating fatty matter into granulated products |
US5871802A (en) * | 1997-12-16 | 1999-02-16 | Moorman Manufacturing Co. | Animal feed pelleting process and animal feed pellets produced therefrom |
-
1997
- 1997-09-05 US US09/242,889 patent/US6440477B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-09-05 WO PCT/JP1997/003140 patent/WO1998009542A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-09-05 CA CA002263534A patent/CA2263534A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-09-05 EP EP97939202A patent/EP0927522A4/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-03-04 NO NO991081A patent/NO991081L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6420077A (en) * | 1987-07-15 | 1989-01-24 | Norihiko Ii | Apparatus for producing feed |
JPH02138944A (ja) * | 1989-10-16 | 1990-05-28 | Nisshin Flour Milling Co Ltd | 多孔性養魚飼料の吸油性改良法 |
JPH03180163A (ja) * | 1989-12-06 | 1991-08-06 | Nisshin Flour Milling Co Ltd | 多孔性ペレット用の液体含浸装置 |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000033674A1 (de) * | 1998-12-09 | 2000-06-15 | Masterfoods Gmbh | Verfahren zum vakuumbeschichten eines extrudierten materials |
US6517903B1 (en) | 1998-12-09 | 2003-02-11 | Masterfoods Gmbh | Process for vacuum coating extruded material |
JP2002539806A (ja) * | 1999-03-25 | 2002-11-26 | ヌトレコ・アクアカルチャー・リサーチ・センター・エーエス | 固形飼料を製造する方法並びにこの方法を実施するために使用されるプラント |
WO2000076329A1 (de) * | 1999-06-14 | 2000-12-21 | Tetra Werke Dr. Rer. Nat. Ulrich Baensch Gmbh | Energiereiche futterflocken für fische und invertebraten sowie verfahren zur herstellung |
US6783778B1 (en) | 1999-06-14 | 2004-08-31 | Tetra Holding (Us), Inc. | Energy-rich food flakes for fish and invertebrates and method for the production thereof |
JP2008532542A (ja) * | 2005-03-18 | 2008-08-21 | フィッシュフィード・アーエス | 水産養殖種用飼料の製造プロセス |
JP2018066013A (ja) * | 2012-01-25 | 2018-04-26 | カーギル インコーポレイテッド | デンプン及びタンパク質を含有するペレット、そのための処理及びその利用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6440477B2 (en) | 2002-08-27 |
EP0927522A4 (en) | 2000-05-10 |
US20010048959A1 (en) | 2001-12-06 |
CA2263534A1 (en) | 1998-03-12 |
EP0927522A1 (en) | 1999-07-07 |
NO991081D0 (no) | 1999-03-04 |
NO991081L (no) | 1999-03-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO1998009542A1 (en) | Method of adding fats and oils to porous fodder | |
US5783240A (en) | Method of producing high protein, high fat sinking aquatic feed | |
AU2008243409B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for manufacturing a food product | |
JP2515167Y2 (ja) | 魚介類すり身などの組織化物製造装置 | |
US7838057B2 (en) | Protein-containing food product and method of preparing same | |
JPS63248357A (ja) | 米製品製造方法 | |
US4251558A (en) | Method of making granular bean paste | |
RU2476317C2 (ru) | Экструдер | |
US6494164B2 (en) | Apparatus for adding additives during the conditioning of animal feed | |
KR100699126B1 (ko) | 사료 펠렛을 제조하기 위한 방법 및 상기 방법의 실시에사용하기 위한 장치 | |
US4177574A (en) | Method and apparatus for granulating hydrated materials including food stuffs | |
JP3597070B2 (ja) | 耐衝撃性熱可塑性樹脂の製造装置およびその方法 | |
JPH0556752A (ja) | 高水分蛋白質原料の組織化処理方法及び装置 | |
EP4102985A1 (en) | Low moisture extrusion process | |
JPH0349545B2 (ja) | ||
JP2001353719A (ja) | 含水原料の脱水乾燥方法およびその装置 | |
US4243365A (en) | Carbon black pellet and method and apparatus for producing same | |
CN112655872B (zh) | 一种连续式利用过热蒸汽加工物料的处理器及其应用 | |
RU2730621C1 (ru) | Способ производства кормов | |
JPH0272854A (ja) | 二軸エクストルーダーの吐出方法ならびにその装置 | |
JPH11341952A (ja) | 多孔性飼料の油脂添加方法およびその装置 | |
RU2266677C2 (ru) | Способ ввода водных суспензий в корма и экструдер для его осуществления | |
US4164533A (en) | Carbon black pellet and method and apparatus for producing same | |
WO2007062648A1 (en) | Procedure for extruder cooking of animal feed without using a dryer | |
JPH0460614B2 (ja) |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): CA JP NO US |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2263534 Country of ref document: CA Ref country code: CA Ref document number: 2263534 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1997939202 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 09242889 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1997939202 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1997939202 Country of ref document: EP |