WO1998043373A1 - Systems and methods of channel coding and inverse-multiplexing for multi-carrier cdma systems - Google Patents
Systems and methods of channel coding and inverse-multiplexing for multi-carrier cdma systems Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998043373A1 WO1998043373A1 PCT/US1998/005986 US9805986W WO9843373A1 WO 1998043373 A1 WO1998043373 A1 WO 1998043373A1 US 9805986 W US9805986 W US 9805986W WO 9843373 A1 WO9843373 A1 WO 9843373A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- data stream
- multiplexing
- inverse
- error correction
- transmitting data
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
- H04L1/0064—Concatenated codes
- H04L1/0066—Parallel concatenated codes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0041—Arrangements at the transmitter end
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
- H04L1/0071—Use of interleaving
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/02—Channels characterised by the type of signal
- H04L5/023—Multiplexing of multicarrier modulation signals
- H04L5/026—Multiplexing of multicarrier modulation signals using code division
Definitions
- the invention relates generally to the field of multi-carrier CDMA systems and more particularly, to systems and methods of channel coding and inverse-multiplexing in a multichannel CDMA system to obtain higher data rates using lower rate channels.
- CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
- CDG CDMA Development Group
- TIA/EIA/IS-95 Telecommunications Industry Association and the Electronic Industries Association
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a CDMA system that can coexist in the same frequency spectrum, or overlay, existing CDMA carriers so that available bandwidth and channel capacity can be dynamically shared between existing systems and new systems.
- the present invention includes a data stream which may be encoded with error correction, interleaved, inverse-multiplexed onto a plurality of communication channels such that one portion of the data stream is spread onto a first communication channel and another portion of the data stream is spread onto a second communication channel.
- the system includes an error correction encoder configured to add error correction bits to a data stream. It also includes an interleaver and a inverse-multiplexor configured to spread the data stream over multiple communication channels. These components may be arranged in various configurations.
- the system includes encoding means for encoding a data stream with error correction bits, interleaver means for interleaving the data stream, multiplexing means for multiplexing at least one power control symbol onto the data stream, and inverse-multiplexor means for inverse-multiplexing the data stream onto a plurality of communication channels.
- encoding means for encoding a data stream with error correction bits
- interleaver means for interleaving the data stream
- multiplexing means for multiplexing at least one power control symbol onto the data stream
- inverse-multiplexor means for inverse-multiplexing the data stream onto a plurality of communication channels.
- FIG. 1 depicts a block diagram of the preferred embodiment of a system and method of channel coding and inverse-multiplexing for multi-carrier CDMA systems in accordance with the invention
- FIG. 2 depicts the invention of FIG. 1 illustrating the power control symbols being multiplexed onto a portion of the data stream after the data stream has been inverse- multiplexed onto multiple carriers;
- FIG. 3 depicts the invention of FIG. 1 illustrating the power control symbols being multiplexed onto each portion of the data stream after the data stream has been inverse- multiplexed onto multiple carriers;
- FIG. 4 depicts the invention of FIG. 1 illustrating the inverse-multiplexing being the first operation on the data stream
- FIG. 5 depicts the invention of FIG. 1 with additional encoding and interleaving
- FIG. 6 depicts the invention of FIG. 3 with additional encoding and interleaving
- FIG. 7 depicts the invention of FIG. 3 illustrating that the encoder is a turbo encoder.
- CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
- channels channels
- the terms carrier and channel will be used interchangeably throughout this disclosure.
- the present invention attempts to take maximum advantage of this bandwidth by channel coding, multiplexing the power control subchannel onto the data channel and inverse-multiplexing communicated data over the different channels.
- An aspect of the present invention combines forward error correction with a multi-carrier CDMA transmission scheme to provide a high degree of transmission reliability and frequency diversity while maximizing use of the available bandwidth.
- the present invention does not have to be operated in overlay, it can also be operated in its own frequency spectrum as a stand alone system.
- the present invention reduces the data rate on each carrier, thus increasing the maximum bit rate supported by the system and reducing the Walsh spreading code channel resource used per carrier by N times (where N is the number of carriers).
- the present system may employ different configurations depending upon when the data is inverse-multiplexed onto the multiple carriers. Some of these different configurations will be discussed herein with regard to the Figures. Although only certain configurations are illustrated, it is understood that other configurations may be possible for channel coding, multiplexing the power control subchannel with the data channel and/or inverse-multiplexing the communicated data over multiple channels. These other configurations are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
- Figure 1 is an illustration of an embodiment of the invention including error correction encoder 10, interleaver 20, multiplexor 30, inverse-multiplexor 40, and Walsh and PN spreader 50, baseband pulse shaping filter 80 and frequency up-converter 90.
- error correction encoder 10 as a forward error correction encoder any suitable error correction encoder (i.e. convolutional, block, turbo etc.) may be employed without departing from the scope of the invention.
- Walsh and PN spreader 50 is disclosed, it will be apparent to those in the art that other types of CDMA spreading codes can be employed (i.e. orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal codes with or without PN codes) and the spreading sequences can be real or complex.
- the invention is not so limited. Two or more carriers may be considered a multi-carrier system.
- the data stream is inverse-multiplexed by inverse-multiplexor 40 after the forward error correction encoding is performed by encoder 10 and after the interleaving is performed by interleaver 20.
- Figure 1 also illustrates that power control symbols are multiplexed onto the data stream prior to inverse-multiplexing, one skilled in the art will recognize that the system illustrated in this and other Figures herein could also operate without multiplexing the power control symbols and instead employing one or more, or a portion of one or more, of the multiple channels for the purpose of communicating the power control symbols.
- FIG. 1 illustrates interleaver 20 as a multi-level interleaver
- the system could also operate with a standard interleaver 20.
- the interleaver 20 is preferably designed such that the encoded bits from a single information bit are spread or distributed on different carriers.
- a multi-level interleaver 20 makes use of the frequency diversity provided by different carriers. Each code symbol belonging to a particular code word may be placed into a separate memory block (i.e. different level).
- each code symbol A l5 A 2 , . . ., A M would be placed into a different memory block and at the output, the commutator would read out one code symbol from each memory block in a round robin fashion.
- each subsequent code symbol belonging to a particular code word would be distributed to a different carrier.
- Each level of interleaving provides time diversity for one carrier whereas the combination of the different levels provides frequency diversity across the carriers after the error decoding at the receiver. This is one possible form of a multi-level interleaver 20.
- the invention may be implemented with most forms of interleavers 20, however if the interleaving operates as a function of the number of carriers more frequency diversity is obtained.
- Figures 2 and 3 also illustrate embodiments of the invention which include an error correction encoder 10, interleaver 20, multiplexor 30, inverse-multiplexor 40, Walsh & PN spreader 50, baseband pulse shaping filter 80 and frequency up-converter 90.
- the inverse-multiplexing occurs before the power control symbols are multiplexed onto the data stream.
- the power control symbols are only multiplexed onto one of the carriers. Thus, there is no multi-carrier frequency diversity for the power control subchannel.
- the power control symbols are multiplexed onto all of the carriers.
- Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the configurations wherein the power control symbols used to control the reverse link power are multiplexed onto either one or all of the carriers, other configurations wherein the power control symbols may be multiplexed onto some but not all of the carriers are also intended to be within the scope of the invention.
- Figure 4 is an illustration of an embodiment of the invention also including error correction encoder 10, interleaver 20, multiplexor 30, inverse-multiplexor 40, Walsh & PN spreader 50, baseband pulse shaping filter 80 and frequency up-converter 90.
- the data stream is inverse-multiplexed onto the multiple carriers prior to any error correction encoding of the data stream, interleaving of the data stream or multiplexing of power control symbols onto the data stream.
- the power control symbols may be multiplexed onto any number of the different carriers (i.e. from 1 to all) and still fall within the scope of the invention.
- Figure 5 is an illustration of an embodiment of the invention including error correction encoder 10, interleaver 20, multiplexor 30, inverse-multiplexor 40, Walsh spreader 50, baseband pulse shaping filter 80 and frequency up-converter 90 in the same configuration as in Figure 1.
- the embodiment illustrated in Figure 5 differs from the embodiment in Figure 1 in that the embodiment of Figure 5 includes additional encoders 60 and interleavers 70 associated with the different carriers. While in the Figure the system is illustrated with an additional encoder 60 and interleaver 70 associated with each carrier, it is considered within the scope of the present invention to have only one additional encoder 60 and interleaver 70 associated with only one of the carriers or to have additional encoders 60 and interleavers 70 respectively associated with more than one but less than all of the carriers.
- the data stream is encoded with a forward error correction code and then inverse-multiplexed onto multiple carriers each with a second level of error correction encoding.
- An advantage of this method is that a better tradeoff can be made between performance and complexity than if a single level of error correction encoding was employed either before or after inverse-multiplexing.
- the data stream output from the first encoder 10 is interleaved before being input to the inverse-multiplexor 40. This is done to provide an additional time diversity on top of the frequency diversity provided by the inverse- multiplexing.
- a reason for providing the second level of interleaving after the inverse- multiplexing is to provide time diversity and randomize any error bursts for the error correction encoding on each individual carrier.
- the power control symbols may be multiplexed onto the data stream by puncturing out the encoded data bits.
- the power control symbols are then sent on any or all of the carriers with the user data. By “hopping" the power control symbols to different channels at different times, frequency diversity is achieved for the power control symbols as well.
- Figure 6 is an illustration of an embodiment of the invention including error correction encoder 10, interleaver 20, multiplexor 30, inverse-multiplexor 40, Walsh & PN spreader 50, baseband pulse shaping filter 80 and frequency up-converter 90 in the same configuration as in Figure 2.
- the embodiment illustrated in Figure 6 differs from the embodiment in Figure 2 in that the embodiment of Figure 6 includes additional encoders 60 and interleavers 70 associated with the different carriers. While in the Figure the system is illustrated with an additional encoder 60 and interleaver 70 associated with each carrier, it is considered within the scope of the present invention to have only one additional encoder 60 and interleaver 70 associated with only one of the carriers or to have additional encoders 60 and interleavers 70 respectively associated with more than one but less than all of the carriers. Further, while Figure 6 illustrates that power control symbols are multiplexed onto each carrier, it is considered within the scope of the present invention that the power control symbols may be multiplexed onto one carrier, some of the carriers or all of the carriers.
- Figure 7 is an illustration of an embodiment of the invention including error correction encoder 10, interleaver 20, multiplexor 30, inverse-multiplexor 40, Walsh & PN spreader 50, baseband pulse shaping filter 80 and frequency up-converter 90 in the same configuration as in Figure 3.
- the embodiment illustrated in Figure 7 differs from the embodiment in Figure 3 in that the embodiment of Figure 7 includes additional encoders 60 and interleavers 70 associated with the different carriers. As with the other embodiments discussed herein, there may be second encoders 60 and second interleavers 70 associated with 1 or more of the carriers and the power control symbols may be multiplexed onto one or more of the carriers.
- the first encoder 10 is preferably a parallel concatenated convolutional encoder (also known as a turbo encoder).
- the first interleaver 20 is preferably a multi-level interleaver as discussed above.
- the turbo encoder 10 may be formed by using two or more recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) codes.
- RSC systematic convolutional
- the invention efficiently attains the objects set forth above, among those made apparent from the preceding description.
- the invention provides a system and method of channel coding and inverse-multiplexing for multi-carrier CDMA systems.
- the configurations depicted in Figures 1-7 make efficient use of the bandwidth and allow for backwards compatibility.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)
- Error Detection And Correction (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP54599798A JP2001519134A (en) | 1997-03-26 | 1998-03-26 | Channel coding and demultiplexing systems and methods for multi-carrier CDMA systems |
CA002284788A CA2284788C (en) | 1997-03-26 | 1998-03-26 | Systems and methods of channel coding and inverse-multiplexing for multi-carrier cdma systems |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US4236297P | 1997-03-26 | 1997-03-26 | |
US4137797P | 1997-03-26 | 1997-03-26 | |
US60/041,377 | 1997-03-26 | ||
US60/042,362 | 1997-03-26 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998043373A1 true WO1998043373A1 (en) | 1998-10-01 |
Family
ID=26718077
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1998/005986 WO1998043373A1 (en) | 1997-03-26 | 1998-03-26 | Systems and methods of channel coding and inverse-multiplexing for multi-carrier cdma systems |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6373831B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2001519134A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2284788C (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998043373A1 (en) |
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JP2001519134A (en) | 2001-10-16 |
CA2284788A1 (en) | 1998-10-01 |
CA2284788C (en) | 2008-01-15 |
US6373831B1 (en) | 2002-04-16 |
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