WO1999000681A1 - Spherical mirror target marking system and method - Google Patents

Spherical mirror target marking system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999000681A1
WO1999000681A1 PCT/US1997/011352 US9711352W WO9900681A1 WO 1999000681 A1 WO1999000681 A1 WO 1999000681A1 US 9711352 W US9711352 W US 9711352W WO 9900681 A1 WO9900681 A1 WO 9900681A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mirror
spherical
template
curvature
coded
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1997/011352
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Peter N. Lemere
Original Assignee
Lemere Peter N
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to US08/267,866 priority Critical patent/US5644442A/en
Application filed by Lemere Peter N filed Critical Lemere Peter N
Priority to PCT/US1997/011352 priority patent/WO1999000681A1/en
Publication of WO1999000681A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999000681A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R1/00—Optical viewing arrangements; Real-time viewing arrangements for drivers or passengers using optical image capturing systems, e.g. cameras or video systems specially adapted for use in or on vehicles
    • B60R1/02—Rear-view mirror arrangements
    • B60R1/08—Rear-view mirror arrangements involving special optical features, e.g. avoiding blind spots, e.g. convex mirrors; Side-by-side associations of rear-view and other mirrors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S359/00—Optical: systems and elements
    • Y10S359/90—Methods

Definitions

  • Convex spherically curved passenger rear view side mirrors have become common equipment on passenger vehicles. These mirrors have the advantage in providing a wide field of view for the driver.
  • the spherical radii for such mirrors are not standard, varying from auto maker to auto maker and even from brand to brand and style to style.
  • the varying spherical radii can be confusing to the driver because of the varying field of view and more importantly the apparent distance of the image also varies.
  • FIG. 1 A, B, C, D, E and F depicts the reflection of a vehicle being passed in a side rear view spherical minor.
  • Fig. 2 A, B, C, D, E and F illustrates the varying curvatures of the rectangular color coded plastic plates used to determine a mirror's curvature.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a plastic plate which conforms to the curvature of a spherical rear view mirror.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a spacing template
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a spacing template temporarily fastened to the rear view mirror.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates the translucent strip
  • Fig. 7 illustrates two translucent strips in place on a spherical rear view mirror.
  • Fig. 8 illustrates an alternate plastic cam mirror curvature measuring device.
  • Fig. 9 illustrates the alternate plastic cam measuring device in place on a spherical mirror indicating the proper code for selecting the correct spacing template.
  • Fig. 10 illustrates another alternative curved mirror measuring device.
  • Fig. 11 illustrates "another alternate curvature measuring device" on the mirror indicating the code for selecting the appropriate spacing template.
  • Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating determination of width of spacing template.
  • Fig. 13 illustrates fold over applique spacer.
  • FIG. 1 A, B, C, D, E and F illustrate the aberration that occurs in the use of spherical side mounted rear view mirrors in passing a second vehicle.
  • Fig. 1 A the enhanced viewing area provided by the spherical mirror 20 the passing vehicle has not cleared the vehicle it is passing because the reflected vehicle extends beyond the installed vertical strips even though there is a full view of the vehicle.
  • Figs. 1 B and 1 C illustrate the progression of views corresponding to the view in the mirror of the passing vehicle as it completes the passing maneuver.
  • Fig. 1 D the passed vehicle's reflection is barely clear of the vertical lines of the target area indicating that the passing vehicle may safely return to the driving lane.
  • FIGs. 1 E and 1 F illustrate the continued progression of the passing vehicle in front of the passed vehicle.
  • the correct location of the vertical strips 3 forming the target area is determined by comparison with known curvature coded plastic plates of side mounted spherical rear view mirror. In simplest manner this is accomplished by comparison of rigid rectangular plates FIG. 2 A, B, C. D, E and F each of which have one edge
  • each rectangular plate is applied to and held onto curved mirror 20, as shown in FIG. 3, until the curvature of one plate is found to conform to the curvature of a spherical mirror 20 in housing 20.
  • the plates identification C conforms to a template 30 shown in FIG. 4 identified by the same letter C whose width corresponds to the width needed for separation of the vertical target strips.
  • the perforations 32 permit contact of the mirror 20 shown in FIG.
  • the widths of translucent strip separation templates are determined by triangulation as shown in FIG. 12 wherein a number of varying spherical (shown in two dimension) radii which conform to the commonly used radii for automotive side mounted rear view mirrors are shown.
  • Intersects 40 and 42 and angle Q and Q' are determined geometrically by assuming that lines 40 and 42 are hypotini of right triangles P Q R and P Q' R' wherein bases 44 and 46 are line segments formed by segmenting the arc formed by the surface of spherical mirror 20 and lines 40, 42, and 48 are radii of spherical mirror 20. Since the length of lines 40, 42 and 48 are known or can readily be calculated, the length of line segment 44 and 46 1 are easily calculated.
  • Lines 44 and 46 cumulatively equaling the width of spacing template.
  • the length of spacing templates are designed to be trimmed to the length of the automotive side view mirror.
  • pressure sensitive frosted crystal film is adhered to the spherical mirror 20 conforming to the left and right edges 34 and 36 respectively FIGs. 4 and 5.
  • Pressure sensitive frosted crystal film is supplied as a composite 50
  • FIG. 6 made up of release paper backing 52 film 54 and adhesive layer 56.
  • FIGs. 8 and 9 An alternate means of determining the curvature of an exterior automotive rear view mirror is depicted in FIGs. 8 and 9 which illustrates a dam pause 60 which is made up of rotating cam 62 mounted on pivot pin 64.
  • Left and right hand mirror round metal contacts 66 and 68 and handle 70 which is part of base.
  • the upper surface of the handle/base has 6 identifying marks 72 on its circumference.
  • the eccentric cam 62 has a slot 74 located near its periphery in line with the identifying marks on or near the circumference of the handle/base.
  • the cam gauge is pressed against spherical mirror 20 being supported by round metal contacts 66 and 68 which are affixed to base handle, cam 62 is rotated counterclockwise until cam edge contacts mirror surface 20.
  • the user then reads the identifier located on base/handle which appears in slot 74.
  • the identifier corresponds to those previously defined above to select the appropriate spacer template.
  • the curvature of the mirror is determined by rectangular comparison plates.
  • FIG. 11 is made up of a spanning block lower surface 94 has been machined to provide an area to which the spherical mirror's curvature can be accommodated. This in effect results in left and right contact legs 96 and 98 respectively. Each of the contact legs has mounted therein captured ball contacts. i.e. 97 in left contact leg 96 and 93 and 95 in right contact leg 9.
  • arc indicator gauge which has a indicator dial 100, shaft 102 and contact foot 104 which has a captured ball 106 contact mounted therein.
  • Gauge assembly is "zeroed in” on a planer block 110.

Abstract

A system to overcome the visual aberration of spherical automotive rear view mirrors, related to the distance between vehicles, requires no measurement or mathematical skills. The system includes means (2 through 12) for visually determining the curvature of a mirror (20) and templates (30) for the proper placement of etched film strips (54) which frame a safe return target area of the mirror. This target area is an indicator when a vehicle seen in the mirror is at a safe distance behind the vehicle with the marked mirror.

Description

SPHERICAL MIRROR TARGET MARKING SYSTEM AND METHOD
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Convex spherically curved passenger rear view side mirrors have become common equipment on passenger vehicles. These mirrors have the advantage in providing a wide field of view for the driver. Unfortunately, the spherical radii for such mirrors are not standard, varying from auto maker to auto maker and even from brand to brand and style to style. The varying spherical radii can be confusing to the driver because of the varying field of view and more importantly the apparent distance of the image also varies. Auto makers uniformly have imprinted such spherical mirrors with a warning "OBJECTS IN MIRROR ARE CLOSER THAN THEY APPEAR" . This factor has confused the driver causing accidents because the passing driver will pull in front of the passed vehicle prior to clearing the vehicle.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION It is the primary object of the invention to provide means to apply target lines to such spherical mirrors to act as a guide to establish when the passing vehicle has safely pulled ahead of the passed vehicle thus imparting accurate distance perception to the driver.
It is another object of the invention to supply a system and method to locate target guide lines on spherical mirrors and permanently marking the spherical mirror with such target guide lines.
It is yet another object of the invention to supply a system and method which permits the average person with little or no mathematical acumen and no measuring skills to locate target guide lines on spherical mirrors.
It is object of the invention to supply such components which do not require the user to have measuring skills.
PRIOR ART Rear view mirror indicating lines which act to frame a passed vehicle when the passing vehicle has progressed a safe distance in front of the passed vehicle to safely permit the passing vehicle to return to position in front of the passed vehicle has long been know. Specifically the following patents were found in a preliminary search for patentability:
Patent No. Applicant Issued
1,311,253 Stern July 29, 1919 1,347,593 Rugh July 27, 1920 1,879,592 Thomas September 27, 1932 2,460,406 Alexander February 1, 1949 2,871,754 Marble February 3, 1959 4,023,029 Fisher May 10, 1977 4,182,552 Feinbloom January 8, 1980 4,834,521 Dubs May 30, 1989 Although all of the prior art deals with indicating or targeting means, with the exception of Dubs, to permit safe vehicular passing, none reflect on the means of installing such indicators while the mirror is on a vehicle nor the fact that the installer requires little or no skill in the art nor does the prior art teach the accommodation of spacing to reflect all possible spherical radii.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The installation of vertical stripes properly set apart to act as a guide to determine the distance of the vehicle behind the passing vehicle requires a means to determine the curvature of a given mirror. In one form this is accomplished by comparing multiple rigid plastic coded rectangular plates each of which have one edge formed to accommodate a given mirror's curvature. These coded rectangular plates are placed on a mirror in sequence until one is found that conforms to the curvature of the mirror. The plate coding conforms to varying dimensioned similarly coded spacing templates. The proper template is temporarily fastened to the mirror. Finally, translucent strips are adhered to the mirror on either side of the spacing template. The spacing template is then removed leaving two correctly set apart vertical translucent lines on the mirror. When passing a vehicle the driver can safely pull in front of the passed vehicle when the reflection of the passed vehicle is between the vertical lines.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 A, B, C, D, E and F depicts the reflection of a vehicle being passed in a side rear view spherical minor.
Fig. 2 A, B, C, D, E and F illustrates the varying curvatures of the rectangular color coded plastic plates used to determine a mirror's curvature.
Fig. 3 illustrates a plastic plate which conforms to the curvature of a spherical rear view mirror.
Fig. 4 illustrates a spacing template.
Fig. 5 illustrates a spacing template temporarily fastened to the rear view mirror.
Fig. 6 illustrates the translucent strip.
Fig. 7 illustrates two translucent strips in place on a spherical rear view mirror.
Fig. 8 illustrates an alternate plastic cam mirror curvature measuring device.
Fig. 9 illustrates the alternate plastic cam measuring device in place on a spherical mirror indicating the proper code for selecting the correct spacing template.
Fig. 10 illustrates another alternative curved mirror measuring device. Fig. 11 illustrates "another alternate curvature measuring device" on the mirror indicating the code for selecting the appropriate spacing template.
Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating determination of width of spacing template.
Fig. 13 illustrates fold over applique spacer.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Fig. 1 A, B, C, D, E and F illustrate the aberration that occurs in the use of spherical side mounted rear view mirrors in passing a second vehicle. In Fig. 1 A the enhanced viewing area provided by the spherical mirror 20 the passing vehicle has not cleared the vehicle it is passing because the reflected vehicle extends beyond the installed vertical strips even though there is a full view of the vehicle. Figs. 1 B and 1 C illustrate the progression of views corresponding to the view in the mirror of the passing vehicle as it completes the passing maneuver. In Fig. 1 D the passed vehicle's reflection is barely clear of the vertical lines of the target area indicating that the passing vehicle may safely return to the driving lane. FIGs. 1 E and 1 F illustrate the continued progression of the passing vehicle in front of the passed vehicle.
As stated earlier in the Summary of the Invention, the correct location of the vertical strips 3 forming the target area is determined by comparison with known curvature coded plastic plates of side mounted spherical rear view mirror. In simplest manner this is accomplished by comparison of rigid rectangular plates FIG. 2 A, B, C. D, E and F each of which have one edge
2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 respectively which has been formed to correspond to the curvature of common spherical mirrors (the curvatures have been exaggerated to best illustrate this point) . The curved edge of each rectangular plate is applied to and held onto curved mirror 20, as shown in FIG. 3, until the curvature of one plate is found to conform to the curvature of a spherical mirror 20 in housing 20. The plates identification C conforms to a template 30 shown in FIG. 4 identified by the same letter C whose width corresponds to the width needed for separation of the vertical target strips. The perforations 32 permit contact of the mirror 20 shown in FIG.
5 with common masking tape 38 to adhere template 30 to mirror
20.
The widths of translucent strip separation templates (only one shown) are determined by triangulation as shown in FIG. 12 wherein a number of varying spherical (shown in two dimension) radii which conform to the commonly used radii for automotive side mounted rear view mirrors are shown. Intersects 40 and 42 and angle Q and Q' are determined geometrically by assuming that lines 40 and 42 are hypotini of right triangles P Q R and P Q' R' wherein bases 44 and 46 are line segments formed by segmenting the arc formed by the surface of spherical mirror 20 and lines 40, 42, and 48 are radii of spherical mirror 20. Since the length of lines 40, 42 and 48 are known or can readily be calculated, the length of line segment 44 and 46 1 are easily calculated. Lines 44 and 46 cumulatively equaling the width of spacing template. By a process of iteration the spherical radii can easily be calculated from measured displacement. The arcs shown in FIG. 12 are exaggerated to better illustrate the concept. Actual values for commonly used spherical automotive mirrors are:
Rectangular Plates Width of Template Spherical Radii
Identification cm cm
A 4.70 79.90
B 5.40 100.46
C 6.26 125.30
D 6.73 139.01
E 7.24 153.77
F 8.81 199.39
The length of spacing templates are designed to be trimmed to the length of the automotive side view mirror.
When the appropriate template is adhered to the curved automotive mirror, pressure sensitive frosted crystal film is adhered to the spherical mirror 20 conforming to the left and right edges 34 and 36 respectively FIGs. 4 and 5. Pressure sensitive frosted crystal film is supplied as a composite 50
FIG. 6 made up of release paper backing 52 film 54 and adhesive layer 56.
When adhered to spherical mirror 20 as shown in FIG. 7 of the film gives the appearance of broad lines 54 etched into the surface of the mirror thus acting to outline a target area wherein when a passed vehicle is framed by the vertical lines it is safe for the passing vehicle to return to the lane in front of the passed vehicle.
An alternate means of determining the curvature of an exterior automotive rear view mirror is depicted in FIGs. 8 and 9 which illustrates a dam pause 60 which is made up of rotating cam 62 mounted on pivot pin 64. Left and right hand mirror round metal contacts 66 and 68 and handle 70 which is part of base. The upper surface of the handle/base has 6 identifying marks 72 on its circumference. The eccentric cam 62 has a slot 74 located near its periphery in line with the identifying marks on or near the circumference of the handle/base. In practice the cam gauge is pressed against spherical mirror 20 being supported by round metal contacts 66 and 68 which are affixed to base handle, cam 62 is rotated counterclockwise until cam edge contacts mirror surface 20. The user then reads the identifier located on base/handle which appears in slot 74. The identifier corresponds to those previously defined above to select the appropriate spacer template.
An alternate method of application of correctly spaced vertical lines on the spherical mirror is the applique of correctly spaced lines as previously discussed which utilize spacer templates to establish the correct distance between vertical lines depending upon the curvature or radius of the spherical rear view mirror. Such adaption can easily be accomplished by preparing an applique 160, FIG. 13 which has a center line 162, left and right hand frosted vertical strips
164 and 166 and indicator lines A, B, C, D and E.
As in the selection of spacer templates the curvature of the mirror is determined by rectangular comparison plates.
Assuming that the comparison designates C or intermediate width applique 160 as shown in FIG. 13 folded on itself on, for example, line C. When this is accomplished applique is again folder to form a crease on center line 162 and again folded in such manner so that upper portion 168 of applique
160 as shown in FIG. 13 and folds A and B are folded over lines D and E on the lower applique 169. The thus folded applique now correctly spaces frosted lines 164 and 166 wherein they can be adhered to a spherical mirror. In its original form the displacement gauge 90 as shown in FIGs. 10 and 11 used to measure the curvature of the spherical mirror
20 FIG. 11 is made up of a spanning block lower surface 94 has been machined to provide an area to which the spherical mirror's curvature can be accommodated. This in effect results in left and right contact legs 96 and 98 respectively. Each of the contact legs has mounted therein captured ball contacts. i.e. 97 in left contact leg 96 and 93 and 95 in right contact leg 9. In the center of spanning block mounting means is provided for the insertion and passing through of arc indicator gauge which has a indicator dial 100, shaft 102 and contact foot 104 which has a captured ball 106 contact mounted therein. Gauge assembly is "zeroed in" on a planer block 110.
It is then applied to spherical mirror 20 and the radii measured by displacement. As mentioned earlier, such calculation requires trigonometric acumen on the part of the user and is the basis for the other measuring means herein disclosed. This ability to simply translate the degree of displacement is shown in FIG. 11 wherein markings or identifying means 110 are added to the dial indicator face.
These are shown in range covering several indicator increments because it has been empirically determined that the subject mirrors curvature are not constant. These identifiers correspond to those previously disclosed.
The foregoing details are exemplary only and are not illustrative of the principles of this invention and are not to be interpreted to limit the scope of the invention.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
Claim 1 A system for forming a safe return target area on a spherical automotive rear view side mirror comprising comparison means to determine the curvature of said spherical mirror, said comparison means having located thereon coded identifiers corresponding to said curvature of said mirror referring to a selected spaced template having the same coded identifier locate thereon, said template having left and right edges and a center portion; said center portion having perforations there through, said perforations acting to supply an area for the temporary adhering of said selected template to said mirror wherein the selected template is one of said spacer templates which has the same coded identifier as the comparison means corresponding to said mirror's curvature, said left and right edges of said selected template acting to define the location of vertical frosted left and right film strips, said left and right film strips being adhered to said spherical mirror at said left and right selected template edges respectively, said temporarily adhered selected template being removed, said area between said adhered vertical frosted film strips defining said safe return target area. Claim 2 A system for forming a safe return target area according to Claim 1 wherein said comparison of coded rectangular rigid plastic plates, each of said plates having a different curved edge, one of said plates having its respective curved edge conforming to the curvature of said spherical automotive rear view side mirror, said code on one of said rectangular rigid plastic plates acts to identify selected said template with said identical code identifier located thereon.
Claim 3 A system for forming a safe return target area according to Claim 1 wherein said comparison means is a cam gauge which includes a rotating cam, left and right spherical mirror contacting points and a base, said rotating cam being pivotally mounted on said base between said spherical mirror contacting points, said rotating cam having a curved peripherally located slot, said slot being in alignment with coded identifiers located circumferentially on said base; said cam gauge contacting said spherical mirror on said left and said right contacting point, said pivotally mounted rotating cam being rotated until said rotating cam contact are in contact with said spherical mirror, said slot in said rotating aligning width one of said coded identifiers acting to identify said selected template.
Claim 4 A system for forming a safe return target area according to Claim 1 wherein each of said frosted vertical film strips comprises a composite, said composite having a release paper backing, a frosted crystal file layer and an adhesive layer, said frosted crystal film and adhesive layer being applied to said spherical automotive mirror, said thus applied frosted crystal film and adhesive layer having the appearance of being etched into said spherical mirror's surface.
Claim 5 A method of marking a spherical automotive rear view mirror with a safe to return target area comprising the steps of determining the curvature of said mirror by conforming a coded mirror comparitor to the curvature of said mirror, selecting a coded spacer template whose code corresponds to said coded mirror curvature comparitor, temporarily fastening said spacer template to said mirror with masking tape, adhering frosted crystal film on said mirror in vertical relationship at the left and right edges of said template and then removing said template, said adhered films on said mirror forming a safe to return target to overcome the visual aberrations common to said spherical automotive rear view mirror.
PCT/US1997/011352 1994-06-28 1997-06-27 Spherical mirror target marking system and method WO1999000681A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/267,866 US5644442A (en) 1994-06-28 1994-06-28 Spherical rear view mirror target marking system and method
PCT/US1997/011352 WO1999000681A1 (en) 1994-06-28 1997-06-27 Spherical mirror target marking system and method

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/267,866 US5644442A (en) 1994-06-28 1994-06-28 Spherical rear view mirror target marking system and method
PCT/US1997/011352 WO1999000681A1 (en) 1994-06-28 1997-06-27 Spherical mirror target marking system and method

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999000681A1 true WO1999000681A1 (en) 1999-01-07

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