WO1999014578A1 - Ultraviolet transmittance analyzing method and instrument - Google Patents
Ultraviolet transmittance analyzing method and instrument Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999014578A1 WO1999014578A1 PCT/IB1998/001410 IB9801410W WO9914578A1 WO 1999014578 A1 WO1999014578 A1 WO 1999014578A1 IB 9801410 W IB9801410 W IB 9801410W WO 9914578 A1 WO9914578 A1 WO 9914578A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sample
- light
- instrument
- sphere
- spectrograph
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/59—Transmissivity
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the measurement of the transmission of ultraviolet
- the measurement of ultraviolet transmission is useful in a myriad of applications for determining the amount of degradation caused by ultraviolet rays to fabrics and similar
- the light is either provided by a scanning monochrometor, or a scanning monochrometor is used to analyze the light after it passes
- the present invention admirably overcomes all of these prior limitations and disadvantages through the use of a pulsed white light (xenon) lamp inside an integrating sphere and the use of two separate diode array spectrograph channels, with light collected in a single direction after it passes through the sample, and with one channel monitoring the inside of the sphere, and the other channel viewing the light transmitted
- the primary object of the invention accordingly, is to provide a new and improved method of and instrument for such measurement of the transmission of ultraviolet light through diffusing materials that shall not be subject to the above-described and other limitations of prior techniques and apparatus, but that, to the contrary, enables rapid, few-second measurements, eliminates substitution errors, correctly deals with induced fluorescent effects, and provides for only brief exposure to the light source.
- the invention embraces an
- instrument for measuring and analyzing the ultraviolet transmittance of samples, having, in combination, a light-integrating sphere provided with an internal spherical wall for diffusely reflecting light from an internally positioned source; a pair of apertures spaced along the sphere for exiting reflections externally of the sphere along a corresponding pair of different paths; means for enabling the disposing of a sample in one path to pass some of the diffusely reflected light exiting the sphere through the corresponding aperture
- a sample spectrograph provided with a photodiode or other suitable detector array
- Fig. 1 is a combined transverse section and diagrammatic operational view of a preferred instrument constructed in accordance with the invention and adapted for measurements under its method of operation; and Figs. 2A-C and Figs. 3A-C are experimentally obtained performance values illustrating such operation for ultra-violet transmittance analysis of fabric and sunscreen
- the analyzer instrument of the invention is illustrated in the form of a rugged and convenient bench top instrument 1 adapted for quick and accurate measurement of the spectral transmittance of fabric, sun-screen or other samples inserted at S into the path of light L originating from a preferably pulsed white light xenon flashlamp X, optimized for UV emission, and mounted at baffle B within an integrating sphere IS (as of the type described in said patent), and diffusely reflecting white light from the entire inner surface walls of the sphere, utilizing the total energy from the xenon flashlamp for optimal signal-to-noise performance.
- the baffle B is shaped to prevent direct light from the flashlamp from exiting the later-described window aperture W in the sphere.
- the pulsing of the flashlamp such as one to three pulses per scan at a flash pulse duration of, for example, approximately 10 microseconds for a measurement, illuminates the sample S only briefly during the measurement , minimizing any possible sample degradation from the exposure.
- the diffuse illumination geometry of the sphere moreover, measures the transmittance from all angles and pathlengths through the sample S, with this design delivering exceptional wavelength stability and flash-to-flash
- two separate preferably diode array spectrograph channels are employed in accordance with the invention: one, receiving light passing downwardly through the lower window aperture region W in the integrating sphere IS and enabling viewing of the light L transmitted through the sample S and reflected from an inclined mirror M laterally along a fiberoptic sample signal path, so-labeled, shown horizontal in
- Each spectrograph SS and RS impinges its input light rays upon a corresponding concave holographic diffraction grating G (for example, of the type manufactured by American Holographic Company of Fitchburg, Massachusetts) for detection by respective
- the diode arrays providing fast measurement in about five seconds or so
- the sample-illuminating light is thus collected in a single direction after passing through the sample (for example, with a 10 mm sample beam diameter), the diffuse illumination/directional collection geometry being reciprocal to and equivalent to the more usual directional illumination/diffuse collection geometry
- the RS spectrograph monitoring of the inside of the sphere IS serves to correct for flash-to-flash variations in the xenon or similar source, and it also eliminates the before-described substitution error by providing simultaneous monitoring of
- the illuminating light 1 and the transmitted light L By using white light, in addition, the
- the application software may include preprogrammed solar spectral irradiance and CIE erythermal action spectra to enable precise calculation of the SPF value of the sample multiple scans , averaged and viewed simultaneously in easy-to-read formats Design Concept and Details of Operation
- the flashlamp X inside the integrating sphere IS produces a broad spectrum in the UV, notably over the range of wavelengths covered by the spectrographs 250 nm to 450 n , with the total spectral radiant flux from the lamp being collected by the integrating sphere, illuminating the interior sphere walls as before explained
- the spectral reflectance of the sphere walls creates a uniform spectral radiance which is viewed by each spectrograph
- the spectral transmittance of the sample S is determined by the reduction in spectral radiance as viewed by the sample spectrograph SS
- the reference spectrograph RS serves a dual purpose in the integrating sphere-spectrophotometer system of the invention
- the spectral radiance of the sphere wall is a function of both the flux from the flashlamp and the reflectance of the sphere wall Samples S placed at the opening W in the integrating sphere wall and their
- each spectrograph has of a fiberoptic input
- the spectrograph in the sample viewing path also includes a lens, so-labeled in Fig 1, to control the area of view on the samples
- the fiberoptic cable consists of a bundle of fibers
- the fibers are arranged in a line to simulate a rectangular slit
- the concave holographic diffraction grating both disperses the broad UV spectrum and images the entiance slit into the corresponding linear array of silicon photodiodes D s , D R which include 128 individual, rectangular elements of pixels as an illustration
- Each pixel therefore, captures a narrow band of UV radiation, roughly equivalent to the product of the linear dispersion of the diffraction grating and the pixel width
- the following describes how the radiation incident on the pixels of both spectrograph diode arrays is used to determine the UV spectral
- spectrophotometer design An important aspect of spectrophotometer design is the prediction of the signal-to- noise ratio which includes the radiometry of the previously described system This would estimate the photon flux incident on each photodiode array within the spectrograph and predict the generation of electrons via the photoelectric effect and the quantum efficiency of the silicon diodes
- the photo flux is incidental The measurement is rather performed in terms of the ratio of the relative photon flux between each spectrograph which is represented by the relative signal measured for each photodiode array by the associated conventional electronic means
- the signal of the flashlamp must be corrected by measuring and subtracting the dark signal
- the spectrograph scans (signal from each pixel) are recorded in units of ADC counts from an analog-to-digital converter) vs Pixel (p). the dark scan for each spectrograph is recorded before the flashlamp is activated.
- the coefficients a-d are derived as a best fit using the method of least squares from locating the image of 5 emission lines in pixel space produced by a low pressure mercury lamp. Sub pixel resolution is achieved by curve-fitting the broadened image of each spectral line to find its true center.
- An example of the calibration for one spectrograph follows:
- the 128 pixels are spaced by approximately 1.5 nm.
- the ADC counts are then interpolated to a 1 nm spacing using multiple two point linear interpolations. This produces 201 data points for a wavelength range of 250 nm - 450 nm for each spectrograph.
- the blank scan (no sample present) produces, in wavelength space, a baseline data file which is the ratio of the net, dark corrected counts on the two diode arrays (sample and reference spectrographs SS and RS).
- sample S After a blank scan is recorded, the sample S is placed into its beam path, reducing the signal recorded by the sample spectrograph SS by an amount proportional to its transmittance.
- the sample spectral transmittance T is the ratio of the net counts on both diode arrays divided by the baseline file from the blank scan.
- Figs. 2 A, B and C illustrate, respectively, a graph of transmittance versus UV wavelength obtained with the instrument of Fig. 1 for a fabric sample, a corresponding wavelength-scan data table, and a corresponding software-derived SPF Rating Report.
- Figs. 3 A, B and C are similar to Figs. 2A, B and C but report results obtained for a sunscreen product sample, using the term SPF for in vitro tests (usually referred to as UPF - ultraviolet protective factor, to distinguish from SPF determined by in vivo tests).
- SPF for in vitro tests
- UPF - ultraviolet protective factor to distinguish from SPF determined by in vivo tests
- other white-light-producing flashlamps may also be used, as may other detectors than photodiodes, such as CCD's.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU88808/98A AU757708B2 (en) | 1997-09-16 | 1998-09-11 | Ultraviolet transmittance analyzing method and instrument |
EP98940491A EP1023585A1 (en) | 1997-09-16 | 1998-09-11 | Ultraviolet transmittance analyzing method and instrument |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/931,699 | 1997-09-16 | ||
US08/931,699 US5923039A (en) | 1997-09-16 | 1997-09-16 | Ultraviolet transmittance analyzing method and instrument |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999014578A1 true WO1999014578A1 (en) | 1999-03-25 |
Family
ID=25461205
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB1998/001410 WO1999014578A1 (en) | 1997-09-16 | 1998-09-11 | Ultraviolet transmittance analyzing method and instrument |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5923039A (en) |
EP (1) | EP1023585A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU757708B2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999014578A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113281004A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-20 | 中国科学院紫金山天文台 | Astronomical optical telescope photoelectric efficiency calculation and actual measurement verification method |
CN114235746A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Device and method for measuring absolute reflectivity spectrum |
Families Citing this family (15)
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US6429438B1 (en) | 1999-07-12 | 2002-08-06 | Waterhealth International, Inc. | Ultraviolet light detector for liquid disinfection unit |
US6667808B2 (en) | 2000-03-08 | 2003-12-23 | Thermo Electron Scientific Instruments Corporation | Multifunctional fourier transform infrared spectrometer system |
US20030234365A1 (en) * | 2002-01-10 | 2003-12-25 | Jan Wipenmyr | Optical detector |
FR2840686B1 (en) * | 2002-06-10 | 2008-11-14 | Oreal | METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE ABILITY TO SPREAD AND / OR ABSORB THE LIGHT OF A COSMETIC PRODUCT |
US20050136200A1 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2005-06-23 | Durell Christopher N. | Diffuse high reflectance film |
US20090090383A1 (en) * | 2007-10-09 | 2009-04-09 | Alan Ingleson | Method and apparatus for cleaning an integrating sphere |
CN102057260B (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2012-10-31 | 数据色彩控股股份公司 | Spectrophotometer system with modular 45/0 head |
DE102009040642B3 (en) * | 2009-09-09 | 2011-03-10 | Von Ardenne Anlagentechnik Gmbh | Method and device for measuring optical characteristics of transparent, scattering measuring objects |
EP3047244B1 (en) * | 2013-09-19 | 2024-04-03 | L'oreal | Systems and methods for measuring and categorizing colors and spectra of surfaces |
CN104977257A (en) * | 2014-04-09 | 2015-10-14 | 极光先进光学股份有限公司 | Detection method of sun-proof light energy cloth |
CN107345707B (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2023-07-25 | 宁波方太厨具有限公司 | Air purifying system |
CN107340263B (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2023-07-25 | 宁波方太厨具有限公司 | System for detecting organic matters in air |
CN107340275B (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2023-07-25 | 宁波方太厨具有限公司 | Water quality on-line detection system |
CN109387485B (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2023-12-15 | 宁波方太厨具有限公司 | Sewage treatment system |
CN112609276A (en) * | 2020-12-05 | 2021-04-06 | 安徽颍上县富颍纺织有限公司 | Anti-ultraviolet mildew-proof blended regenerated cotton yarn |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE9005845U1 (en) * | 1990-05-23 | 1990-07-26 | Fa. Carl Zeiss, 7920 Heidenheim, De | |
US5339151A (en) * | 1992-07-28 | 1994-08-16 | Humphrey Instruments Incorporated | Spectrometer for lensometer |
US5537203A (en) * | 1991-04-29 | 1996-07-16 | Labsphere, Inc. | Integrated sphere for diffusal reflectance and transmittance |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4965454A (en) * | 1988-01-21 | 1990-10-23 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for detecting foreign particle |
US5679949A (en) * | 1995-06-16 | 1997-10-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Night vision device automated spectral response determination |
-
1997
- 1997-09-16 US US08/931,699 patent/US5923039A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-09-11 AU AU88808/98A patent/AU757708B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-09-11 WO PCT/IB1998/001410 patent/WO1999014578A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-09-11 EP EP98940491A patent/EP1023585A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE9005845U1 (en) * | 1990-05-23 | 1990-07-26 | Fa. Carl Zeiss, 7920 Heidenheim, De | |
US5537203A (en) * | 1991-04-29 | 1996-07-16 | Labsphere, Inc. | Integrated sphere for diffusal reflectance and transmittance |
US5339151A (en) * | 1992-07-28 | 1994-08-16 | Humphrey Instruments Incorporated | Spectrometer for lensometer |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113281004A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-20 | 中国科学院紫金山天文台 | Astronomical optical telescope photoelectric efficiency calculation and actual measurement verification method |
CN113281004B (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-08-02 | 中国科学院紫金山天文台 | Astronomical optical telescope photoelectric efficiency calculation and actual measurement verification method |
CN114235746A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Device and method for measuring absolute reflectivity spectrum |
CN114235746B (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2023-08-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Device and method for measuring absolute reflectivity spectrum |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1023585A1 (en) | 2000-08-02 |
AU757708B2 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
US5923039A (en) | 1999-07-13 |
AU8880898A (en) | 1999-04-05 |
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