WO1999021093B1 - Improved flash file system - Google Patents

Improved flash file system

Info

Publication number
WO1999021093B1
WO1999021093B1 PCT/US1998/021017 US9821017W WO9921093B1 WO 1999021093 B1 WO1999021093 B1 WO 1999021093B1 US 9821017 W US9821017 W US 9821017W WO 9921093 B1 WO9921093 B1 WO 9921093B1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
physical
unit
virtual
block
units
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1998/021017
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO1999021093A1 (en
Inventor
Amir Ban
Original Assignee
Milsys Ltd
Friedman Mark M
Amir Ban
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Milsys Ltd, Friedman Mark M, Amir Ban filed Critical Milsys Ltd
Priority to JP2000517345A priority Critical patent/JP3712231B2/en
Priority to AU96858/98A priority patent/AU9685898A/en
Priority to EP98950946A priority patent/EP1025502A4/en
Publication of WO1999021093A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999021093A1/en
Publication of WO1999021093B1 publication Critical patent/WO1999021093B1/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
    • G06F12/08—Addressing or allocation; Relocation in hierarchically structured memory systems, e.g. virtual memory systems
    • G06F12/12—Replacement control
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
    • G06F12/0223—User address space allocation, e.g. contiguous or non contiguous base addressing
    • G06F12/023—Free address space management
    • G06F12/0238—Memory management in non-volatile memory, e.g. resistive RAM or ferroelectric memory
    • G06F12/0246—Memory management in non-volatile memory, e.g. resistive RAM or ferroelectric memory in block erasable memory, e.g. flash memory
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2212/00—Indexing scheme relating to accessing, addressing or allocation within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F2212/72—Details relating to flash memory management
    • G06F2212/7201—Logical to physical mapping or translation of blocks or pages

Abstract

A flash memory device, and methods for writing to the device and for reorganizing the device. The flash memory device (20) includes a physical device (10), a virtual device (22) and a virtual map (24) which relates the virtual addresses of the virtual device to the physical addresses of the physical device.

Claims

28 AMENDED CLAIMS [received by the International Bureau on 7 June 1999 (07.06.99); original claims 1-15 replaced by amended claims 1-16 (7 pages)]
1. A memory organization method for a memory in which data can only be written to an unwritten portion of the memory, such that a written portion of the memory must be erased to become unwritten, and in which the size of the memory portion for reading or writing data differs from the size of the smallest memory portion for erasing, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a plurality of physical units of the memory, each of said physical units being the size of the smallest memory portion for erasing, each of said physical units being designated by a physical unit number and each of said physical units being divided into a plurality of physical blocks, each of said plurality of physical blocks being the size of the memory portion for reading or writing data and each of said physical blocks being designated by a physical block offset within said physical unit;
(b) providing a plurality of virtual units of the memory, each virtual unit being designated by a virtual unit number and each of said virtual units featuring a plurality of virtual blocks, each of said virtual blocks being designated by a virtual block offset within said virtual unit;
(c) mapping each virtual unit to at least one physical unit to form a virtual map; and
(d) mapping each virtual block within said virtual unit to one physical block within said at least one physical unit according to said virtual map.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of:
(e) altering said virtual map to reflect a change in the memory by changing a correspondence between at least one of said plurality of virtual units of the memory and at least one of said plurality of physical units of the memory.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the steps of:
(e) receiving a write command to write data at a virtual block;
(f) locating a virtual unit containing said virtual block;
(g) locating a writable block within a physical unit mapped to said virtual unit; and (h) writing said data to said writable physical block to form a written physical unit. 29
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising the steps of:
(i) if an unwritten physical block in said written physical unit cannot be located, locating a second physical unit; (j) writing said data to a writable physical block of said second physical unit; and (k) updating said virtual map by additionally mapping said virtual unit to said second physical unit, such that said virtual unit corresponds to said second physical unit and to said written physical unit, said second physical unit and said written physical unit forming a chain of physical units.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said writable physical block of said second physical unit has a physical block offset, and said physical block offset corresponds to said virtual block offset of said mapped virtual unit.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein said writable physical block of said second physical unit has a physical block offset, and said phyiscal block offset is different than said virtual block offset of said mapped virtual unit.
7. The method of claim 4, further comprising the steps of:
(1) if an unwritten physical block cannot be located in any physical unit, locating a second virtual unit corresponding to a plurality of physical units in a chain;
(ro) locating said last physical unit in said chain;
(n) moving data from each of said physical blocks of said written physical unit to a writable physical block of said last physical unit, said writable physical block having the same block offset as said physical block of said written physical unit; and
(o) updating said virtual map by mappmg said virtual unit to said last physical unit, such that said virtual unit corresponds only to said last physical unit.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising the step of:
(p) erasing all of said written physical units in said chain, with the exception of said last physical unit.
9. The method of claim 4, further comprising the steps of: 30
(1) if no unwritten physical unit is available for allocation for said chain, allocating an unwritten physical unit for reorganization; (m) moving data from each of said physical blocks of said written physical unit to a writable physical block of said unwritten physical unit; and (n) updating said virtual map by mapping said virtual unit to said unwritten physical unit, such that said virtual unit corresponds only to said unwritten physical unit.
10. A memory organization method for a memory in which data can only be written to an unwritten portion of the memory, such that a written portion of the memory must be erased to become unwritten, and in which the size of the memory portion for reading or writing data differs from the size of the smallest memory portion for erasing, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a plurality of physical units of the memory, each of said physical units being the smallest memory portion for erasing, each of said physical units being designated by a physical unit number and each of said physical units being divided into a plurality of physical blocks, each of said plurality of physical blocks being the memory portion for reading or writing data and each of said physical blocks being designated by a physical block offset within said physical unit;
(b) providing a plurality of virtual units of the memory, each virtual unit being designated by a virtual unit number and each of said virtual units featuring a plurality of virtual blocks, each of said virtual blocks being designated by a virtual block offset within said virtual unit;
(c) providing a virtual map for mapping each virtual unit to at least one physical unit;
(d) mapping each virtual block within said virtual unit to one physical block within said at least one physical unit;
(e) receiving a write command to write data at a virtual block;
(f) locating a virtual unit containing said virtual block;
(g) locating a writable block within a physical unit mapped to said virtual unit; (h) writing said data to said writable physical block; 3 1
(i) if an unwritten physical block in a written physical unit cannot be located, allocating an unwritten physical unit to form a chain of physical units, such that said unwritten physical unit is a last physical unit in said chain;
(j) writing said data to an unwritten physical block in said last physical unit;
(k) moving data from each of said plurality of physical blocks to a writable physical block of said last physical unit, except data written in step (j); and
(1) updating said virtual map by mapping said virtual unit to said written physical unit, such that said virtual unit corresponds to said written physical unit.
11. A method of writing data for a memory in which data can only be written to an unwritten portion of the memory, such that a written portion of the memory must be erased to become unwritten, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a plurality of physical units being divided into a plurality of physical blocks, each of said physical units having a physical unit number and each of said physical blocks having a physical block offset within said physical unit;
(b) providing a plurality of virtual units being divided into a plurality of virtual blocks, each of said virtual units having a virtual unit number and each of said virtual blocks having a virtual block offset within said virtual unit, each virtual unit being mapped to at least one physical unit;
(c) receiving a write command to write data at a virtual block;
(d) determining a virtual unit containing said virtual block having a virtual block offset;
(e) locating a physical unit corresponding to said virtual unit;
(f) locating a physical block within said physical unit;
(g) determining if said physical block is unwritten;
(h) writing said data to said physical block only if said physical block is unwritten; (i) alternatively, if said physical block is not unwritten, allocating second physical unit; (j) locating a writable physical block within said second physical unit, said writable physical block having a physical block offset; (k) writing said data to said writable physical block; 32
(1) additionally mapping said virtual unit to said second physical unit containing said writable physical block, such that said virtual unit is additionally mapped to said second physical unit to form a chain of physical units;
(m) if an unwritten physical block in a written physical unit cannot be located, locating a second virtual unit corresponding to a plurality of physical units in a chain;
(n) locating a last physical unit in said chain;
(o) transferring all data within said physical blocks of said written physical unit to said physical blocks of said last physical unit; and
(p) updating said virtual map such that said virtual unit corresponds only to said last physical unit.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein said physical block offset of said writable physical block has an identical block offset number as said virtual block offset.
13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising the step of: (q) erasing all of said written physical units.
1 . A method of writing data for a memory in which data can only be written to an unwritten portion of the memory, such that a written portion of the memory must be erased to become unwritten, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a plurality of physical units being divided into a plurality of physical blocks, each of said physical units having a physical unit number and each of said physical blocks having a physical block offset within said physical unit;
(b) providing a plurality of virtual units being divided into a plurality of virtual blocks, each of said virtual units having a virtual unit number and each of said virtual blocks having a virtual block offset within said virtual unit, each virtual unit being mapped to at least one physical unit;
(c) receiving a write command to write data at a virtual block;
(d) deteimining a virtual unit containing said virtual block having a virtual block offset;
(e) locating a physical unit corresponding to said virtual unit;
(f) locating a physical block within said physical unit; 33
(g) determining if said physical block is unwritten;
(h) writing said data to said physical block only if said physical block is unwritten;
(i) alternatively, if said physical block is not unwritten, allocating a second physical unit; (j) locating a writable physical block within said second physical unit, said writable physical block having a physical block offset; k) writing said data to said writable physical block; and (1) additionally mapping said virtual unit to said second physical unit containing said writable physical block, such that said virtual unit is additionally mapped to said second physical unit to form a chain of physical units; (m) if no unwritten physical unit is available for allocation, locating a last physical unit in said chain; (n) transferring all data within said physical blocks of said written physical units to said physical blocks of said last physical unit; and (o) updating said virtual map such that said virtual unit corresponds only to said last physical unit.
15. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of:
(p) erasing all of said written physical units, with the exception of said last physical unit.
16. A memory organization method for a memory in which data can only be written to an unwritten portion of the memory, such that a written portion of the memory must be erased to become unwritten, and in which the size of the memory portion for readmg or writing data differs from the size of the smallest memory portion for erasing, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a plurality of physical units of the memory, each of said physical units being the size of the smallest memory portion for erasing, each of said physical units being designated by a physical unit number and each of said physical units being divided into a plurality of physical blocks, each of said plurality of physical blocks being the size of the memory portion for reading or writing data and each of said physical blocks being designated by a physical block offset within said physical unit; 34
(b) providing a plurality of virtual units of the memory, each virtual unit being designated by a virtual unit number and each of said virtual units featuring a plurality of virtual blocks, each of said virtual blocks being designated by a virtual block offset within said virtual unit;
(c) providing a virtual map for mapping each virtual unit to at least one physical unit;
(d) mapping each virtual block within said virtual unit to one physical block within said at least one physical unit;
(e) receiving a write command to write data at a virtual block;
(f) locating a virtual unit containing said virtual block;
(g) locating a writable block within a physical unit mapped to said virtual unit;
(h) writing said data to said writable physical block to form a written physical unit; (i) if an unwritten physical block in said written physical unit cannot be located, locating a second physical unit with a writable physical block; (j) writing said data to said writable physical block of said second physical unit; (k) updating said virtual map by additionally mapping said virtual unit to said second physical unit, such that said virtual unit corresponds to said second physical unit and to said written physical unit, said second physical unit and said written physical unit forming a chain of physical units; (1) if an unwritten physical block in any physical unit cannot be located, locating a second virtual unit corresponding to a plurality of physical units in a chain; (m) locating a last physical unit in said chain; (n) moving data from each of said physical blocks of said written physical unit to a writable physical block of said last physical unit, said writable physical block having substantially the same block offset as said physical block of said written physical unit; and (o) updating said virtual map by mapping said virtual unit to said last physical unit, such that said virtual unit corresponds only to said last physical unit.
PCT/US1998/021017 1997-10-16 1998-10-05 Improved flash file system WO1999021093A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000517345A JP3712231B2 (en) 1997-10-16 1998-10-05 Improved flash file system
AU96858/98A AU9685898A (en) 1997-10-16 1998-10-05 Improved flash file system
EP98950946A EP1025502A4 (en) 1997-10-16 1998-10-05 Improved flash file system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/951,644 1997-10-16
US08/951,644 US5937425A (en) 1997-10-16 1997-10-16 Flash file system optimized for page-mode flash technologies

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999021093A1 WO1999021093A1 (en) 1999-04-29
WO1999021093B1 true WO1999021093B1 (en) 1999-07-22

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1998/021017 WO1999021093A1 (en) 1997-10-16 1998-10-05 Improved flash file system

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5937425A (en)
EP (1) EP1025502A4 (en)
JP (1) JP3712231B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100495722B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1223945C (en)
AU (1) AU9685898A (en)
WO (1) WO1999021093A1 (en)

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