WO1999032826A1 - Votive candle holder lid, candle package and related method - Google Patents
Votive candle holder lid, candle package and related method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999032826A1 WO1999032826A1 PCT/US1998/026968 US9826968W WO9932826A1 WO 1999032826 A1 WO1999032826 A1 WO 1999032826A1 US 9826968 W US9826968 W US 9826968W WO 9932826 A1 WO9932826 A1 WO 9932826A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- holder
- lid
- candle
- wall
- peripheral flange
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D51/00—Closures not otherwise provided for
- B65D51/24—Closures not otherwise provided for combined or co-operating with auxiliary devices for non-closing purposes
- B65D51/26—Closures not otherwise provided for combined or co-operating with auxiliary devices for non-closing purposes with means for keeping contents in position, e.g. resilient means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V17/00—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages
- F21V17/007—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages with provision for shipment or storage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V35/00—Candle holders
Definitions
- This invention relates to a lid for a votive candle holder, and more particularly, to a lid which fits over a votive candle and the holder to hold the votive candle in place in the holder during storage, shipping and display.
- This invention also relates to a candle package that includes the lid, in combination with the holder and the candle, as well as a method of packaging a candle utilizing such a candle package.
- FIG. 6 shows a votive candle 1, or simply a "votive.”
- a votive generally has a basically cylindrical shape, with a flat base lb and a wick lw extending from its top.
- a votive is displayed and burned in a decorative glass holder or jar 10, illustrated in schematic elevation, which diffuses the light from the flame and collects the wax that melts off the candle.
- Votives and holders are often displayed together at the point of sale, but have generally been packaged separately for shipping and storage. Manufacturers and suppliers, especially those that produce and/or sell both candles and glassware, would prefer to be able to prepackage votives and holders as displayable units.
- a votive is not meant to fit snugly within its holder, but instead rests loosely in the holder.
- an initial challenge is to properly orient the votive in the holder. This is especially true if the bottom of the holder is significantly larger or shaped differently than the votive. Even if the votive is initially placed correctly, it can be difficult to maintain the proper positioning.
- One logical approach would be to glue the base of the votive to the bottom of the holder. Even so, the votive would need to be kept in place at least until the glue dries.
- the votive/holder unit will invariably be jostled (e.g., bumped or moved) during shipping and storage.
- the glue or the wax to which the glue is adhered can break, or the attachment between them severed, dislodging the votive so that it is free to tumble around within or out of the holder. If it ends up displaced, the votive cannot easily be righted, especially if the votive and holder are packaged in an outer container, which must be opened to access the candle and then resealed if the container is intended for display.
- a dislodged votive can also lead to unsightly wax scuff marks on the inner wall of the holder, chips in the votive itself, or loose wax or glue fragments. Therefore, there is also a need in the art for a simple mechanism to prevent the votive from becoming dislodged from the bottom of the holder. There is a further need for a mechanism that, should the votive become dislodged, prevents the votive from becoming displaced or contacting the inner wall of the holder.
- votives are often decoratively dyed or fragranced, features which should be apparent when the votive is displayed in a store. Therefore, it would be preferable that the above mechanism or mechanisms not obscure or detract from the appearance or aroma of the displayed votive.
- the present invention addresses the forgoing needs in the art by providing a lid which fits over a votive candle and holds it in place in a holder during storage, shipping and display.
- the present invention relates to a lid for use on a holder with a candle disposed therein, the holder having a lip defining an open mouth.
- the lid includes a central cap and a projection depending outwardly from the central cap.
- the projection includes an inner wall, which is configured to surround and abut the candle in the holder when the lid is in place on the holder, and an outer wall, which is configured to abut the holder when the lid is in place on the holder.
- a peripheral flange extends outwardly from the outer wall and is configured to abut the lip of the holder when the lid is in place on the holder.
- the present invention relates to a lid, for use on a holder with a candle disposed therein, the holder having a lip defining an open mouth.
- the lid includes a central cap, a peripheral flange substantially parallel to the central cap, and a tapered projection depending from the lid between the central cap and the peripheral flange.
- the projection includes an inner wall, depending at an incline away from the central cap, and an outer wall, depending at an opposing incline away from the peripheral flange.
- the present invention relates to a method of packaging a candle, including the steps of placing the candle in a holder having a lip defining an open mouth and enclosing the candle in the holder with a lid.
- the lid includes (i) a central cap, (ii) a projection depending outwardly from the central cap, the projection comprising an inner wall, which surrounds and abuts the candle in the holder, and an outer wall, which abuts the holder, and (iii) a peripheral flange extending outwardly from the outer wall and configured to abut the lip of the holder.
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a votive candle holder lid according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a top plan view of the lid of Figure 1.
- Figure 3 is an elevational view of the lid of Figure 1.
- Figure 4 is a front schematic elevational view of the lid of Figure I in combination with a votive holder and a votive candle.
- Figures 5 A and 5B are, respectively, front and side elevational views of the lid/holder/candle combination of Figure 4 in combination with an outer container.
- Figure 6 is a schematic elevational view of a votive candle in a holder.
- Figures 1 through 3 show a candle holder lid 20 according to a preferred embodiment of our invention.
- the lid 20 includes a central cap 30 and a rim 40, which includes a peripheral flange 45.
- a downward projection 50 which includes an inner wall 52 and an outer wall 54.
- the cap 20 is circular, the peripheral flange 45 is annular, and the projection 50 extends completely around the circumference of the cap, defining a cavity beneath the central cap.
- This lid is designed for use with a substantially cylindrical candle and a correspondingly round- mouthed candle holder, shaped in cross section like those shown in Figure 6.
- the lid can be shaped differently to match different candles and/or holders.
- the shapes of the flange 45 and the outer wall 54 of the projection 50 are driven primarily by the shape of the holder 10.
- the flange 45 is shaped to match the lip 12 of the holder, and the shape of the outer wall 54 of the projection is shaped to abut the inner surface of the wall 14 of the holder.
- the peripheral flange 45 The shapes of the inner wall 52 and the central cap 30, on the other hand, are dependent on the shape of the candle.
- the inner wall 52 is shaped to abut the candle 1, usually resulting in a cap 30 shaped generally like the top of the candle.
- the cap 30 is slightly recessed below the peripheral flanges 45. This is due to the particular dimensions of the candle and holder for which the lid is designed.
- the cap is located to closely cover the wick 1 w of the candle when the flange rests on the lip 12 of the holder.
- the height of the cap 30 in relation to the flange 45 can be varied depending on the height of the candle relative to the holder lip 12.
- intersections between the cap 20 and the inner wall 52 and between the flange 45 and the outer wall 54 are curved. Some curvature will naturally result during the formation processes discussed below, with larger curvatures being easier to form.
- the intersection between the flange 45 and the outer wall 54 is preferably larger than production concerns dictate, however, in order to match up with the curved lip 12 of the holder 10. Because the lid 20 of the illustrated embodiment is thermoformed, as discussed below, an annular trough is formed between the cap 30 and the flange 45. This might not occur if another formation method is used. For example, if the lid 20 is injection molded, the top surfaces of the flange 45 and central cap 30 can be substantially contiguous, with the projection 50 extending from the bottom thereof.
- the projection 50 is tapered so that the inner wall 52 and outer wall 52 are slanted toward one another. While not necessary to the invention, this feature is preferred because it facilitates placement of the lid 20 onto the holder 10, permitting the projection 50 to slip more easily between the candle 1 and the wall 14 of the holder 10. In fact, if the candle is out of place in the holder 10 as the lid 20 is placed on the holder 10, the tapered inner wall 52 will contact and help to properly center the candle. This makes the initial placement of the candle 1 in the holder 10 less critical, facilitating production. Similarly, tapering the outer wall 54 permits more variation in the relative positioning of the lid 20 and holder 10 during insertion of the lid 20.
- the projection 50 has a smaller outer diameter at its tip 50t. Therefore, even if the lid 10 and holder 20 are slightly askew, the projection 50 will fit into the mouth 1 in of the holder 10. As the lid 20 is moved into place, the tapered outer wall 54 will abut the inside of the holder 10, serving as a self-centering mechanism.
- the rim 40 of the lid 20 of the illustrated embodiment also includes a skirt 60 depending from the outer edge of the flange 45. While not necessary to the present invention, the skirt 60 is a preferable feature of the rim 40.
- the skirt 60, flange 45 and outer wall 54 combine to define a channel 66 in which the lip 12 of the holder 10 sits when the lid 20 is placed on the holder 10.
- the flange 45 has a curved intersection with the skirt 60.
- the skirt 60 can further be provided with a plurality of inwardly projecting bosses 62. These bosses extend into the channel 66 and abut the outer surface of the wall 14 of the holder, providing a more snug fit between the lid 20 and the holder 10.
- the bosses 62 can be of any shape, but are preferably tapered to better permit the lid 20 to slide on and off the holder 10, and also to facilitate mold release during lid formation.
- the distance by which the bosses 62 can extend into the channel 66, while still being formable simultaneously with the rest of the lid 20, will depend upon the sophistication of the production equipment. Also, if necessary, the bosses 62 can be formed in a separate, subsequent process, but this will increase production costs. If possible during formation, the bosses 62 can extend inwardly far enough to require that the skirt 60 be flexed outwardly slightly in order to seat the holder lip 12 in the channel 66 of the lid 20, in order to provide a friction fit between the lid 20 and the holder 10.
- an outer lip 64 extends out from the base of the skirt 60. This feature is generally a product of the manufacturing process, discussed below, and can be reduced or eliminated without negatively impacting the operability of the invention.
- the cap 30 is preferably perforated to permit consumers to smell the candle through the lid 20.
- the cap 30 is provided with a series of holes 32 for this purpose.
- the size, shape, and distribution of these holes 32 are generally not critical, with the exception that increasing the total area of the perforations (i.e., more or larger perforations) will allow greater dispersion of scent.
- the holes 32 are preferably off center or quite small to avoid having the wick lw of the candle 1 extend through the cap 30.
- the dimensions of the lid 20 of the present invention will vary depending on the dimensions and shapes of the candle 1 and holder 10.
- the lid 20 was designed for use with a generally cylindrical candle 1 and a round-mouthed holder 10 shaped in cross section like those shown in Figure 6.
- the candle is approximately 38.1 mm in diameter and 50.8 mm high.
- the holder mouth lm is approximately 63.5 mm in diameter, and the holder lip 12 is approximately 2.54 mm thick.
- the lid 20 When viewed from above, the lid 20 has an outer diameter, measured from the outer edge of the outer lip 64, of approximately 72.5 mm.
- the annular outer lip 64 has an inner diameter of approximately 68.4 mm, which is the outer diameter of the channel 66 at the base of the skirt 60.
- the cap 30 has a diameter of approximately 36.5 mm.
- the lid 20 is approximately 25.4 mm tall, from the upper surface of the peripheral flange 45 to the lower tip 50t of the projection 50.
- the cap 30 is slightly recessed, by approximately 1.0 mm, below the upper surface of the peripheral flange 45.
- the intersections of the cap 30 and the flange 45, respectively, with the projection 50 have radii of curvatures on the order of 2 mm.
- the inner wall 52 and the outer wall 54 each have an approximately 5° draft.
- the projection 50 has an outer diameter of approximately 54.5 mm, which is the inner diameter of the channel 66 at that height.
- the projection has an outer diameter of approximately 50.6 mm.
- the projection 50 has an inner diameter of approximately 39.6 mm.
- the outer and inner walls 54, 52 come together at the tip 50t of the projection, forming a radius of curvature of approximately 1.27 mm.
- the projection has an inner diameter of approximately 43.4 mm.
- the skirt 60 extends approximately 6.01 mm down from the flange 45, and the radius of curvature at the intersection between the skirt and the flange is approximately 1.88 mm.
- the bosses 62 of which there are three spaced generally evenly about the skirt, are approximately 6.4 mm long when measured along the circumference of the skirt 60.
- the bosses angle up from the outer lip 64, and have a rectangular contact surface 62c centered vertically approximately 1.61 mm up the skirt 60 from the outer lip 64.
- Each boss extends approximately 1.27 mm into the channel 66, or to a point approximately 32.9 mm from the center axis of the lid 20.
- each hole 32 there are five holes 32, each approximately 6.35 mm in diameter, spaced generally evenly (approximately 72° apart) about the cap 30.
- Each hole 32 is centered on an imaginary circle, substantially concentric with the cap and having a diameter of approximately 27.6 mm.
- the holes 32 are each spaced approximately 1.78 mm from the perimeter of the cap 30.
- the lid 20 of the illustrated embodiment is preferably thermoformed of a laminate of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and nylon.
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- nylon nylon
- the PVC and nylon are laminated together using a suitable adhesive, such as a polyurethane ether based adhesive.
- the lid is preferably thermoformed with the PVC on the mold side and the nylon on the plug side.
- the illustrated laminate is 20 mil thick, comprised of a 17 mil layer of PVC and a 3 mil layer of nylon.
- PVC/nylon laminates having other thicknesses can be employed, depending on the particular characteristics desired. For example, a thicker PVC layer increases the structural strength of the lid.
- any of a number of polyesters can be used, depending on the degree of transparency desired.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- RPET recycled PET
- VPET virgin PET
- PET glycol copolymer PET glycol copolymer
- PCTG poly 1 ,4 cyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate copolymer
- coextrusion of RPET and PETG a coextrusion of RPET and PCTG, or the like
- thermoforming such as injection molding or the like
- Other materials can also be used in place of the PVC/nylon laminate, depending on the particular fragrance resistance and light transmissivity (i.e., transparent, translucent, etc.) qualities desired.
- Some materials that may be suitable include polycarbonates, PET, Questra CoextrusionTM (Dow Chemical) polystyrene, Questra MonolayerTM(Dow Chemical) polystyrene, and polystyrene/polypropylene alloys.
- the lid 20 be transparent, non-transparent materials, such as the QuestraTM materials or the polystyrene/polypropylene alloys, may not be suitable.
- the next factor to consider is chemical resistance to the fragrance of the candle.
- the test material can be subjected to direct contact with the fragrance and examined for signs of reaction, such as degradation, deformation or clouding. Since this exposure is much more concentrated than will be encountered in actual use, the observation period can be limited to a matter of days or even hours.
- lids can be formed of the test material and placed on holders with fragranced candies therein. The samples can then be stored at different temperatures and inspected periodically over, for example, a number of months for signs of reaction.
- the candle is placed in the holder 10, then the lid 20 is placed on the holder 10.
- the peripheral flange sits on the lip 12 of the holder 10.
- the lip of the holder sits in the channel 66 defined by the outer skirt 60, peripheral flange 45 and outer wall 54.
- the outer wall 54 of the projection 50 abuts the inner surface of the wall 14 of the holder 10.
- the inner wall 52 of the projection 50 surrounds and abuts the candle in the holder 10.
- the central cap 30 fits closely over the top of the wick lw of the candle 1.
- An outer container can be provided for encasing the lid 20 and the holder 10 to hold the lid 20 and the holder 10 together with the candle 1 enclosed thereby.
- the container can be adorned with decorative markings, trademarks, certification marks, customer service information, instructions, warnings, and the like, for point of sale display.
- This container can take any of innumerable forms, including a simple box.
- the container 70 is preferably configured to take advantage of the features of the lid 20 of the present invention.
- the container can be partially cutaway to partially expose the candle 1, holder 10 and lid 20.
- the illustrated container 70 is a box with a major portion of its top front quadrant removed, exposing a portion of the candle/holder/lid combination.
- the container can serve the dual purposes of holding together and displaying the candle/holder/lid combination.
- the projection 50 need not be continuous, but can be a series of smaller projections disposed around the perimeter of the cap 30.
- the shape of the lid 20 can be varied to accommodate candles and/or holders of varying shapes and sizes.
- the lid can be designed for use with candles shaped differently than traditional votive candles.
- the lid 20 can be friction fit or shrink-wrapped to the holder 10. Therefore, the scope of the following claims is intended to be accorded the broadest reasonable interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions.
- a lid according to our invention is particularly suitable for use with votive candles.
- the lid can be used, particularly in combination with an outer container, to enclose and hold in place a votive candle in a votive candle holder.
- the lid properly orients and holds the candle in a manner to prevent it from becoming displaced in the holder or contacting the side of the holder, thereby preventing the candle from being damaged and the holder from being scuffed.
- the lid is transparent or translucent, it permits the candle and holder to be viewed therethrough. If the lid is provided with a perforated cap, the fragrance can emanate therefrom. Additionally, the lid protects the candle and holder from dust and other foreign particles.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69813019T DE69813019T2 (en) | 1997-12-19 | 1998-12-17 | LID FOR VOTIVE CANDLE HOLDER, CANDLE PACKAGING AND CORRESPONDING PROCEDURE |
AT98965410T ATE236379T1 (en) | 1997-12-19 | 1998-12-17 | VOTIVE CANDLE HOLDER LID, CANDLE PACKAGING AND CORRESPONDING PROCESS |
NZ505187A NZ505187A (en) | 1997-12-19 | 1998-12-17 | Candle holder lid, candle package and related method, with lid having inner wall surrounding candle, outer wall abutting holder, and peripheral flange abutting lip of holder |
CA002315798A CA2315798C (en) | 1997-12-19 | 1998-12-17 | Votive candle holder lid, candle package and related method |
AU20880/99A AU740282B2 (en) | 1997-12-19 | 1998-12-17 | Votive candle holder lid, candle package and related method |
JP2000525711A JP2001527264A (en) | 1997-12-19 | 1998-12-17 | Lid for candle holder for vows, candle package and related method |
EP98965410A EP1040297B1 (en) | 1997-12-19 | 1998-12-17 | Votive candle holder lid, candle package and related method |
HK00106600A HK1027615A1 (en) | 1997-12-19 | 2000-10-18 | Votive candle holder lid, candle package and related method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/994,311 | 1997-12-19 | ||
US08/994,311 US5879151A (en) | 1997-12-19 | 1997-12-19 | Votive candle holder lid, candle package and related method |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999032826A1 true WO1999032826A1 (en) | 1999-07-01 |
Family
ID=25540531
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1998/026968 WO1999032826A1 (en) | 1997-12-19 | 1998-12-17 | Votive candle holder lid, candle package and related method |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5879151A (en) |
EP (1) | EP1040297B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2001527264A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE236379T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU740282B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2315798C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69813019T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2191368T3 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1027615A1 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ505187A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999032826A1 (en) |
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DE10330336B4 (en) * | 2003-07-04 | 2005-06-02 | Grögor, Reinhold | Device for holding a wax candle |
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US6629836B2 (en) * | 2001-10-25 | 2003-10-07 | Bruce Campbell | Cap for a jar containing a candle and the jar containing the candle and the cap therefore |
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FR2674224B1 (en) * | 1991-03-22 | 1993-07-16 | Sud Ouest Isolants Modernes | IMPROVED ANTI-SHOCK PACKAGE FOR FRAGILE OBJECTS SUCH AS BOTTLES AND PROCESS FOR OBTAINING SAME. |
CN1066037A (en) * | 1991-04-22 | 1992-11-11 | 天龙化学工业株式会社 | The lid arrangement of large container |
-
1997
- 1997-12-19 US US08/994,311 patent/US5879151A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-12-17 JP JP2000525711A patent/JP2001527264A/en active Pending
- 1998-12-17 AU AU20880/99A patent/AU740282B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-12-17 WO PCT/US1998/026968 patent/WO1999032826A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-12-17 CA CA002315798A patent/CA2315798C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-17 NZ NZ505187A patent/NZ505187A/en unknown
- 1998-12-17 AT AT98965410T patent/ATE236379T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-12-17 EP EP98965410A patent/EP1040297B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-17 DE DE69813019T patent/DE69813019T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-17 ES ES98965410T patent/ES2191368T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-10-18 HK HK00106600A patent/HK1027615A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2009874A (en) | 1934-05-25 | 1935-07-30 | Thomas P Cauley | Egg carton |
US2102886A (en) | 1936-08-31 | 1937-12-21 | Norman G Conner | Container for preserving eggs |
US3561668A (en) | 1966-08-23 | 1971-02-09 | Anderson Bros Mfg Co | Sealed package |
US4544351A (en) | 1984-03-02 | 1985-10-01 | Rosalind Marsicano | Candle holder |
US4967703A (en) | 1988-07-11 | 1990-11-06 | Marc Donnez | Machine having rotary reciprocating piston |
EP0579864A1 (en) * | 1992-07-24 | 1994-01-26 | Cereria Amos Sgarbi S.P.A. | Lamp for grave |
DE4440138C1 (en) * | 1994-11-10 | 1996-01-25 | Volker Wagner | Mounting for holding candles, e.g. during mfr., transport or storage |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10330336B4 (en) * | 2003-07-04 | 2005-06-02 | Grögor, Reinhold | Device for holding a wax candle |
DE102006051806B3 (en) * | 2006-11-03 | 2008-03-27 | Kühle, Raphael | Candle holder for complete burning of candle, has two circular openings in side walls of thermal guide ring, passed downwardly up to lateral base of guide ring and ensuring exchange of air and wax during remaining burning |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NZ505187A (en) | 2002-02-01 |
ES2191368T3 (en) | 2003-09-01 |
ATE236379T1 (en) | 2003-04-15 |
EP1040297B1 (en) | 2003-04-02 |
DE69813019T2 (en) | 2003-12-04 |
CA2315798A1 (en) | 1999-07-01 |
HK1027615A1 (en) | 2001-01-19 |
US5879151A (en) | 1999-03-09 |
JP2001527264A (en) | 2001-12-25 |
AU740282B2 (en) | 2001-11-01 |
AU2088099A (en) | 1999-07-12 |
EP1040297A1 (en) | 2000-10-04 |
DE69813019D1 (en) | 2003-05-08 |
CA2315798C (en) | 2003-11-25 |
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