WO1999037560A1 - Shipping container and method - Google Patents
Shipping container and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999037560A1 WO1999037560A1 PCT/US1999/001408 US9901408W WO9937560A1 WO 1999037560 A1 WO1999037560 A1 WO 1999037560A1 US 9901408 W US9901408 W US 9901408W WO 9937560 A1 WO9937560 A1 WO 9937560A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pouch
- mouth
- outer bag
- shipping container
- bag
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D77/00—Packages formed by enclosing articles or materials in preformed containers, e.g. boxes, cartons, sacks or bags
- B65D77/04—Articles or materials enclosed in two or more containers disposed one within another
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D33/00—Details of, or accessories for, sacks or bags
- B65D33/16—End- or aperture-closing arrangements or devices
- B65D33/24—End- or aperture-closing arrangements or devices using self-locking integral or attached closure elements, e.g. flaps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2313/00—Connecting or fastening means
- B65D2313/02—Connecting or fastening means of hook-and-loop type
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to hand-portable, durable, non-rigid shipping containers and related methods of transporting, particularly containers and methods suitable for transporting relatively small sizes or quantities of hazardous items such as medical diagnostic specimens, biological materials, and infectious substances by conventional private or public carriers.
- Something removed from a human or other animal may need to be transferred from the place of extraction to a place where it can be analyzed.
- a surgically removed hip prosthesis may need to be returned to the manufacturer for analysis or it may need to be sent to a laboratory where human tissue on the prosthesis is to be analyzed.
- the substance may need to be shipped via a private or public carrier.
- Such transportation can be via land (road or rail) , sea or air (passenger or cargo craft) .
- CDRH Center for Devices and Radiological Health
- FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- a shipping container and related method which can transport hazardous items that are in the solid or solid plus liquid forms and that have irregular shapes, odd size dimensions or are cumbersome.
- a container and method preferably should meet both general and specific requirements and testing protocols of national and international regulations for modes of transportation to include air, sea, rail and highway.
- Such a container should be durable, lightweight, flexible and reusable.
- the foregoing especially includes the capability of transporting hazardous items in a leakproof, pressure resistant, vibration resistant container that meets all applicable criteria.
- Types of substances which such a container and method should accommodate include, but are not limited to, pathogens, bacteria, blood, modified organisms, contaminants, infectious substances, compounds, chemicals, toxins and vaccines.
- Specific implementations of the present invention are intended to meet national and international regulatory performance test criteria for the transport of many hazardous materials and specimens in a solid or liquid state. Items such as used medical instruments, retrieved implanted medical devices, toxic soil samples, contaminated metallurgical specimens, blood bags, soft and hard tissue fixed in a number of chemicals are just a few of the items where a need exists for less costly, more efficient transport where odd size and shape have heretofore created problems. More generally, but without limiting other uses of the present invention, the present invention is especially intended for use with at least some of the hazardous items covered by hazard classes 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9.
- the invention provides a multi-component non-rigid shipping container that is flexible to accommodate the particular item or items to be transported.
- the container can be sized to specific sizes and shapes of the item(s) to be transported. This allows for a smaller, less cumbersome, reduced weight container that costs less, is easier to handle, and takes less space to store.
- the container's non-rigid, flexible design enhances its durability, possibly reducing damage caused during transport and increasing the probability of reusability.
- the invention is adaptable to have a closer net shape of the item(s) to be transported. Material selection of the container allows the container to be significantly more resistant to external environmental conditions without compromising container integrity. Reusability is accomplished with the replacement of one or two components having relatively low cost.
- the present invention therefore provides a less costly, yet durable, flexible, non- rigid, reusable container which meets regulatory criteria for transporting hazardous materials and specimens.
- the present invention also provides a related method of transporting.
- the shipping container is a pressure resistant shipping container which comprises an outer bag having a cavity defined therein with the cavity having a length and a width related to an area in which to receive an item to be shipped.
- This container further comprises an inner bag having a length not less than the length of the cavity of the outer bag.
- the inner bag also has a width not less than the width of the cavity of the outer bag.
- the inner bag is adapted to receive an item to be shipped, and the outer bag is adapted to receive into the cavity the inner bag and the item received therein to form the pressure resistant shipping container.
- the shipping container comprises a flat pouch defining a cavity accessible through a mouth defined in the pouch, the pouch being made of a flexible material which permits the pouch to change shape in response to the shape of an item received in the cavity of the pouch.
- This container further comprises a fold retainer apparatus connected to the pouch such that the fold retainer apparatus retains the pouch in a folded condition at a fold line spaced from the mouth of the cavity when the portion of the pouch having the mouth is folded back over an adjacent portion of the pouch.
- This container still further comprises an inner bag adapted to receive the item and to be received in the cavity of the pouch below the fold line.
- This container also preferably comprises a fold and mouth retainer apparatus connected to the pouch such that the fold and mouth retainer apparatus retains the pouch in the folded condition and the mouth in a closed position.
- the container can also comprise a mouth closure apparatus connected to the pouch at the mouth.
- the shipping container can also be defined to comprise a flexible outer bag assembly conformable to an odd shaped hazardous item received in the outer bag assembly, wherein the flexible outer bag assembly has a strength which is not exceeded when the outer bag expands in response to a pressure differential of about 13.8 pounds per square inch from inside the outer bag assembly to outside the outer bag assembly.
- the present invention also provides a method of transporting one or more hazardous items.
- This method comprises: inserting the one or more hazardous items into an inner bag; sealing the inner bag closed; inserting the sealed inner bag through a mouth at one end of an outer bag into a cavity of the outer bag, including moving the inner bag below a fold line at the one end of the outer bag; folding the one end of the outer bag along the fold line such that the mouth is moved adjacent a portion of an outer surface of the outer bag and retaining the outer bag in this folded condition; engaging fasteners connected to the outer bag and extending over the mouth in the folded condition; and shipping the retained, fastened outer bag containing the inner bag and the one or more hazardous items by a public or private carrier.
- This method can further comprise securing the mouth closed in addition to both retaining the outer bag in the folded condition and engaging the fasteners.
- This method preferably also comprises using an inner bag having a length and width not less than a length and width of the portion of the cavity below the fold line.
- This method can further comprise selecting the one or more hazardous items from the group consisting of diagnostic specimens, biological materials, and infectious substances.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a preferred embodiment of a shipping container of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an external plan view of the shipping container of FIG. 1 with an inner bag inside an outer bag which is shown in a closed and shipping-ready condition.
- FIG. 3 is an external side view of the shipping container shown in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 is an inside layout view of the material, with connected mouth closure apparatus, used to make the embodiment of the outer bag shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- FIG. 5 is an outside layout view of the material, with connected fold retainer apparatus and fold and mouth retainer apparatus, shown in FIG. 4.
- the preferred embodiment of the present invention shown in the drawings is a multi-component container 2 comprising a non-rigid, flexible outer bag 4 and an inner bladder bag 6.
- Various coupling devices are connected to the outer bag 4 to keep it in a closed, shipping-ready configuration.
- a particular implementation of this embodiment provides a pressure resistant shipping container capable of transporting hazardous items ("item” as used herein and in the claims encompasses whatever may be shipped in the present invention, and includes, but is not necessarily limited to, materials, substances, devices, and specimens, whether hazardous or non- hazardous unless otherwise specified) .
- the product of this assembly of components particularly produces a leakproof, pressure resistant container tested and certified to Title 49 C.F.R., Parts 173.27, 196.604, and 196.605. It is capable of transporting diagnostic specimens, biological materials, and infectious substances inside an outer packaging as either a primary container or a secondary container. With an exemption from the United States Department of Transportation, it can function as an outer packaging and a secondary container.
- the outer bag 4 has a cavity 8.
- the outer bag 4 has an overall outer length and width, and the cavity itself has a length and a width ("L" and "W" in FIG. 2) related to an area in which to receive an item to be shipped.
- the overall external dimensions are about 18 inches x about 12.5 inches
- the internal dimensions L and W of the cavity related to the area in which to receive one or more items for shipment are about 15 inches x about 12 inches.
- the outer bag 4 is a flat pouch formed by folding a sheet 10 (FIGS. 4 and 5) of flexible 8 material along a line to define an integral closed edge 12 (FIGS. 1-3) and securing the folded sheet 10 (such as by sewing or other suitable technique) along edges extending from the integral closed edge 12 to a mouth 14 (FIG. l) providing an opening into the cavity 8 of the outer bag 4.
- the flexible material of the sheet 10 alone has a desired strength; but particularly with one or more, and preferably all, of its attached closure apparatus described below, the material and these components provide an assembled strength which is not exceeded when expansion of the outer bag 4 occurs in response to a pressure differential of about 13.8 pounds per square inch from inside the cavity 8 to outside the outer bag 4.
- the flexibility of the material permits the pouch to change shape in response to the shape of the one or more items received in the cavity 8 of the pouch.
- the material of the outer bag 4 is preferably tough, strong and durable, yet also suitable for creating a lightweight bag. If the material is secured together by sewing, this can be done with or without a reinforcing piping material for added strength.
- the material of the outer bag 4 is preferably resistant to corrosion, permeability, softening, premature aging and embrittlement.
- the material is an outer laminated high tensile woven material (e.g., polyester or nylon base cloth with a coating for temperature resistance and additional tear strength) .
- One example of a specific material is Breton Style A-552 from Breton Industries, Inc. of Amsterdam, New York; this material has the following specifications:
- sewing to hold the folded material 10 together is performed using piping material and nylon thread on two (2) sides such as identified by reference numerals 17, 19 in FIG. 1. Piping material and nylon thread are also used along the edges of the material 10 at the mouth 14 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and marked by the reference numerals 21, 23.
- the foregoing preferably provides a par- ticular outer bag 4 that is reusable.
- the inside of the outer bag can be marked in any suitable manner to indicate where there is to be a fold line below which the inner bag 6 is preferably located before closing the outer bag 4 in the manner described below. It is also desirable for the outside of the outer bag 4 to be markable, such as by silkscreening, for enabling shipping information or other identifying indicia to be placed directly on the outside of the outer bag 4.
- the inner bag 6 acts as a bladder which is sealable and leakproof.
- the inner bag 6 preferably has a length which is not less than (i.e., is equal to or greater than) the length L of the portion of the cavity 8 into which the inner bag 6 is to be received.
- the inner bag 6 has a width not less than the width W of the relevant portion of the cavity 8.
- the dimensions of a particular implementation of the sealed inner bag 6 used with the above specific implementation of the outer bag 4 are about 17 inches by about 14.5 inches. Despite this size, the inner bag 6 is adapted to receive the item or items to be shipped and yet be received in the cavity 8 of the pouch below the fold line 16 (see FIG. 2) .
- the preferred embodiment of the inner bag 6 is as a flat pouch.
- a particular implementation is a plastic bag with a leakproof limit and elastic limit which withstand a minimum pressure differential such that the bag is leakproof up to at least that pressure.
- the inner bag 6 can be a leakproof bladder of co-extruded, 3.5 mil plastic which is sealable along one side and has a leakproof limit and an 10 elastic limit that may be exceeded by unconstrained expansion of the bag caused by a pressure differential above about three pounds per square inch from inside the bag to outside the bag (a specific example is a bag made of ARMIN CAB 2 RESIN such as marketed under "VonSeal® Liquid Tight Bag" from Vonco Products, Lake Villa, Illinois, and bearing notice of U.S. Patent No.
- the inner bag 6 itself is minimally pressure resistant below such a limit, the inner bag 6 as used in the present invention is constrained, in response to the size of the bag 6 relative to the bag 4 and the strength of the assembled outer bag 4, against leakage failure and plastic deformation when expansion is caused in response to a greater pressure differential applied to the assembly (in a particular implementation, preferably a pressure differen- tial of up to 13.8 to 14 pounds per square inch; however, it is contemplated that the present invention can be adapted to perform as desired up to even higher pressure differentials) . That is, the outer bag 4 constrains the inner bag 6 of this assembly from expanding to its full size by volume.
- the constrained inner bag 6 is prevented from leaking or reaching its elastic limit or other ultimate strength limit in response simply to the greater pressure applied to the outer bag/inner bag assembly.
- the leakproof inner bag 6 and the more pressure resistant outer bag 4, working in tandem are capable of meeting or exceeding the leakproof and pressure requirements of 49 C.F.R.
- outer bag 4 and the inner bag 6 are shown with rectangular shapes, other shapes can be used while complying with the foregoing aspects of the invention.
- closure of the outer bag 4 is accomplished using three apparatus which provide closure redundancy: a mouth closure apparatus, a fold retainer apparatus, and a fold and mouth retainer apparatus.
- the mouth closure apparatus is connected to the outer bag 4 at the mouth 14.
- the mouth closure apparatus includes (1) 11 a hook (or loop) member 13 connected in any suitable manner (e.g., by sewing) to the sheet 10 such that the member 13 will be inside the pouch at a first side of the mouth 14 when the pouch is formed and (2) a complementary loop (or hook) member 15 connected in any suitable manner (e.g., by sewing) to the sheet 10 such that the member 15 will be inside the pouch at a second side of the mouth 14 facing the first side of the mouth and the member 13 when the pouch is made.
- the pouch is made by folding the sheet 10 along its center line across its width towards the viewer as viewed in FIG.
- the hook member 13 and the loop member 15 are each approximately one-inch by ten-inch strips centered laterally and spaced about one-fourth inch from the respective ends of the sheet 10.
- the fold retainer apparatus is connected to the outer bag 4 such that the fold retainer apparatus retains the outer bag 4 in a folded condition at a fold line 16 (FIG. 1) spaced from the mouth 14 of the cavity 8 when the portion of the outer bag having the mouth 14 is folded back over an adjacent portion of the outer bag.
- This folded condition is illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- a section 18 of hook (or loop) material is connected in any suitable manner (e.g., by sewing) to the sheet 10 so that the section 18 is on one of the portions of an outside surface of the outer bag 4 adjacent the fold line 16 when the sheet 10 of FIG. 5 is made into the pouch of FIG. 1.
- This portion of the outer bag 4 extends from immediately adjacent the mouth 14 to immediately adjacent the fold line 16.
- the section 18 is coextensive with a majority of the length of the fold line 16.
- a section 20 of complementary loop (or hook) material is connected in any suitable manner (e.g., by sewing) to the sheet 10 so that the section 20 is on the other of the portions of the outer bag 4 adjacent the fold line 16 when the sheet 10 of FIG. 5 is made into the pouch of FIG. 1.
- This 12 other portion is on the same outside surface of the pouch as the portion to which the section 18 is connected, but this other portion of the outer bag 4 extends from immediately adjacent the fold line 16 on the side thereof opposite the section 18.
- the section 20 extends away from the fold line 16 a distance sufficient to engage with the section 18 when the pouch is folded along the fold line 16 such that the mouth 14 is then disposed between the joined sections 18, 20 and the integral closed edge 12 of the pouch as apparent from FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the section 20 is coextensive with a majority of the length of the fold line 16. This fold retainer apparatus both fastens this folded over portion of the outer bag 4 and keeps the interior space of the outer bag 4 to a specific maximum volume.
- the sections 18, 20 are each approximately 2.7 inches across measured along the length of the outer bag 4 by approximately ten inches measured along the width of the outer bag 4. Referring to FIG.
- the section 18 is centered across the width of the sheet 10 and spaced about one-fourth inch from the respective end of the sheet 10.
- the section 20 is centered across the width of the sheet 10 and spaced about one-fourth inch from the section 18.
- the fold line 16 is in this space between the sections 18, 20 as shown in FIG. 1.
- the fold and mouth retainer apparatus includes one or more fasteners connected in any suitable manner (e.g., by sewing) to sheet 10 of the outer bag 4 such that respective members of the fasteners are adapted to be connected together when the outer bag 4 is in the folded condition described above.
- the fasteners are also connected 13 to the outer bag 4 such that the fasteners are adapted to overlie the portion of the outer bag having the mouth 14 defined therein.
- the fasteners are connected as close as possible to the mouth 14 of the cavity 8 when the mouth is at its position within the folded condition of the outer bag 4 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. This reduces gapping of the folded portion should the hook and loop sections 18, 20 fail.
- the one or more fasteners provide a safety factor over the aforementioned hook and loop sections 18, 20.
- the fasteners can be of any suitable type; non-limiting examples include buckles, latches, snaps, and buttons.
- each of the illustrated fasteners of this apparatus has first and second members, specifically male and female clip members 22, 24 of a buckle 26 also having straps 28, 30, respectively.
- the female members 24 are shown connected to the same outside surface of the pouch as are the sections 18, 20 of hook and loop material such that ends of the members 24 are immediately adjacent the mouth 14 when the pouch is folded along the fold line 16 as shown in FIG. 2.
- the longitudinal centers of the female members 24 are located about 3.7 inches from each edge of the sheet 10 and about four inches from the inner edges of each other; and the ends of the webbing or straps 30 opposite the members 24 are spaced about eleven inches from the nearest end of the sheet 10. Still referring to FIG.
- the male members 22 are spaced laterally the same as the particular implementation of the female members 24 referred to above; and the male members 22 are connected at the end of the sheet 10 opposite the end where the sections 18, 20 are connected so that when the pouch is formed from the sheet 10 the male members 22 are immediately adjacent the mouth 14 but facing opposite the section 18.
- the longitudinal positioning of the members 22 is such to enable the members 22 to tightly engage the respective members 24 of the fasteners with the pouch folded along the fold line.
- the straps 28 retaining the male members 22 are located on the outside back panel of the outer bag 4 between the fold 14 line 16 and the mouth 14 as apparent from FIGS. 1, 2 and 5, while the female portions 24 and their webbing 30 are located on the front outer panel of the assembled outer bag 4 on the other side of the fold line 16 as also apparent from these drawings. Both components 22, 24 are in respective precise locations which allow engagement of the male portion of the buckle into the female portion of the buckle to create a positively retained buckle and a limited amount of play in the webbing to prevent significant expansion of the folded portion of the outer bag 4.
- final closure is accomplished using a positive means of retention.
- Male and female plastic clips are retained with the use of woven webbing installed through the clips and then sewn together to be an integral part of the clips.
- the male clips are sewn onto what can be called the top flap portion of the outer bag 14 and the female clips are sewn onto what can be called the main body portion of the bag 4.
- the male clips are then inserted into the female clips creating a positive retention assembly and along with the webbing, securely fastening the folded top portion to the remainder of the outer bag. This prevents expansion of the bag assembly from the top closure and prevents the hook and loop fasteners of the mouth closure apparatus and the fold retainer apparatus from separating.
- the shipping container 2 described above can be used in implementing the method of the present invention.
- This is preferably a method of transporting one or more hazardous items, and more preferably the method comprises selecting the one or more hazardous items from the group consisting of diagnostic specimens, biological materials, and infectious substances, such as those referred to above.
- the method generally comprises inserting one or more of the hazardous items into an inner bag, such as the inner bag 6 of the preferred embodiment shipping container 2. If the inner bag 6 is part of a primary container defined in implementing the method, the hazardous item(s) can be placed directly in the inner bag 6. If the inner bag 6 is part of 15 a secondary container to be defined in the method, then a hazardous item is placed in a primary container which is then placed in the inner bag 6. The one or more items are placed in this inner bladder bag 6 with or without cushioning or absorbent material and with or without an internal container.
- the bag 6 is bled (such as by pushing on it) of most of the remaining air inside and then sealed in known manner along the sealing side of the bag 6 thereby creating a leakproof, pressure resistant closure.
- a primary container e.g., a plastic bag 34
- the sealed inner bladder bag 6 is inserted through the mouth 14 of the cavity 8 and thus into the flexible outer bag 4 (see FIG. 2) .
- the inner bag 6 is moved into the cavity 8 so that it is positioned completely below the fold line 16 of the outer bag 4.
- the inner bag 6 preferably has a length and width not less than the length and width of the portion of the cavity 8 below the fold line 16; therefore it will not lie completely flat within this smaller portion.
- the strip of loop material 13 and the corresponding strip of hook material 15 are aligned and engaged by pressing the two strips together to close the outer bag 4.
- this secured closure of the mouth 14 is preferred, it is contemplated that it is not a necessary step or component of the present invention as the fold retainer apparatus and the fold and mouth retainer apparatus are considered more significant. 16
- the method still further comprises folding the one end of the outer bag 4 along the fold line 16 such that the mouth 14 is moved adjacent a portion of an outer surface of the outer bag 4 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- the method also comprises retaining the outer bag 4 in this folded condition. More particularly, once the mouth 14 of the outer bag 4 is closed, this end of the outer bag 4 is folded over along the fold line 16 towards the outside front panel of the outer bag 4. Just below and just above the fold line 16 are the sections 18, 20 of the hook and loop material that run across almost the entire width of the front outer panel. With the outer bag 4 folded along the fold line 16, these sections of hook and loop material align and are engaged by pressing the two sections together. This retains the folded condition of the outer bag 4.
- this fastening includes connecting the respective male and female members of the buckles 26 in known manner.
- the method then further comprises shipping the retained, fastened outer bag 4 containing the inner bag 6 and one or more hazardous items by a public or private carrier.
- This shipping is performed in any conventional manner since the preferred embodiment shipping container 2 meets shipping requirements.
- This shipping can be without further outer packaging (other than as may be required by the carrier for handling and identification purposes, for example) if an exemption is obtained for the assembled shipping container 2 to act as an outer packaging and a secondary container. Otherwise, the shipping container is put in an outer packaging and then shipped.
- Such "outer packaging" is as that term is known in the art.
- the foregoing thereby obtains and maintains an outer bag configuration which accommodates odd shaped, as well as 17 regular shaped, objects.
- This outer bag configuration in turn maintains the inner bladder bag position sufficiently to remain leakproof and to resist a much greater pressure differential than the inner bladder bag alone could.
- the preferred embodiment of the container of the present invention is therefore a multi-component non-rigid, flexible assembly capable of meeting specific leakproof and differential pressure requirements for the transport of a number of hazardous items.
- the assembled container of such implemen- tation is capable of performance significantly beyond any of its individual components alone and through its unique sequence of construction and assembly is capable of meeting performance criteria established for containers of various hazardous items.
- the present invention is well adapted to carry out the objects and attain the ends and advantages mentioned above as well as those inherent therein. While preferred embodiments of the invention have been described for the purpose of this disclosure, changes in the construction and arrangement of parts and the performance of steps can be made by those skilled in the art, which changes are encompassed within the spirit of this invention as defined by the appended
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AU23368/99A AU2336899A (en) | 1998-01-22 | 1999-01-21 | Shipping container and method |
CA002318436A CA2318436C (en) | 1998-01-22 | 1999-01-21 | Shipping container and method |
GB0020726A GB2349627B (en) | 1998-01-22 | 1999-01-21 | Shipping container and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/010,661 US5996799A (en) | 1998-01-22 | 1998-01-22 | Shipping container and method |
US09/010,661 | 1998-01-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1999037560A1 true WO1999037560A1 (en) | 1999-07-29 |
Family
ID=21746795
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US1999/001408 WO1999037560A1 (en) | 1998-01-22 | 1999-01-21 | Shipping container and method |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US5996799A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2336899A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2318436C (en) |
GB (1) | GB2349627B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999037560A1 (en) |
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US9297133B2 (en) * | 2012-01-31 | 2016-03-29 | Layfield Group Ltd. | Fluid fillable structure |
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US9828736B2 (en) * | 2016-02-18 | 2017-11-28 | David Doolaege | Water containment structure with finger ends |
US11688492B1 (en) | 2018-11-27 | 2023-06-27 | Luce Communications Llc | Method and system for automated population outreach |
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1998
- 1998-01-22 US US09/010,661 patent/US5996799A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-01-21 GB GB0020726A patent/GB2349627B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-21 CA CA002318436A patent/CA2318436C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-21 WO PCT/US1999/001408 patent/WO1999037560A1/en active Application Filing
- 1999-01-21 AU AU23368/99A patent/AU2336899A/en not_active Abandoned
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US4421150A (en) * | 1981-07-13 | 1983-12-20 | Masters William E | Waterproof bag device for articles |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB0020726D0 (en) | 2000-10-11 |
CA2318436C (en) | 2004-04-13 |
GB2349627B (en) | 2002-10-16 |
GB2349627A (en) | 2000-11-08 |
CA2318436A1 (en) | 1999-07-29 |
US5996799A (en) | 1999-12-07 |
AU2336899A (en) | 1999-08-09 |
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