WO1999053369A1 - Afficheur a cristaux liquides et dispositif electronique - Google Patents
Afficheur a cristaux liquides et dispositif electronique Download PDFInfo
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- WO1999053369A1 WO1999053369A1 PCT/JP1999/001865 JP9901865W WO9953369A1 WO 1999053369 A1 WO1999053369 A1 WO 1999053369A1 JP 9901865 W JP9901865 W JP 9901865W WO 9953369 A1 WO9953369 A1 WO 9953369A1
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- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- layer
- display
- crystal device
- light
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
- G02F1/133555—Transflectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133615—Edge-illuminating devices, i.e. illuminating from the side
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/12—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 electrode
- G02F2201/123—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 electrode pixel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/09—Function characteristic transflective
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
- G02F2413/02—Number of plates being 2
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technical field of a liquid crystal device, and more particularly to a structure of a liquid crystal device capable of switching and displaying a reflective display and a transmissive display, and a technical field of an electronic device using the liquid crystal device. Background technique
- reflection type liquid crystal devices are often used for portable devices and auxiliary display parts of the device due to low power consumption.
- the display since the display is made visible using external light, the display can be displayed in a dark place. There is a problem that cannot read.
- a liquid crystal device that uses external light in a bright place in the same way as a normal reflective liquid crystal device, but in a dark place, the display can be viewed by an internal light source.
- a polarizing plate, a transflective plate, and a backlight are sequentially arranged on the outer surface of the liquid crystal panel opposite to the observation side. It has a configuration.
- this liquid crystal device when the surroundings are bright, external light is taken in, and reflective display is performed using the light reflected by the semi-transmissive reflector.
- a transmissive display that allows the display to be viewed by light transmitted through the reflector is performed.
- liquid crystal device there is one disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-2292413 in which the brightness of a reflective display is improved.
- This liquid crystal device has a configuration in which a transflective plate, a polarizing plate, and a backlight are sequentially arranged on the outer surface of the liquid crystal panel opposite to the observation side.
- a transflective plate, a polarizing plate, and a backlight are sequentially arranged on the outer surface of the liquid crystal panel opposite to the observation side.
- reflective display is performed using the light reflected by the semi-transmissive reflector, and when the surroundings are dark, the backlight is turned on and transmitted through the polarizing plate and the semi-transmissive reflector.
- a transmissive display is used in which the display can be viewed with the light thus emitted. With such a configuration, a polarizing plate is provided between the liquid crystal cell and the transflective plate. Therefore, a reflective display brighter than the liquid crystal device described above can be obtained. Disclosure of the invention
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-2588219 proposes a reflective color liquid crystal device in which a reflector is disposed so as to be in contact with a liquid crystal layer.
- this liquid crystal device cannot recognize the display when the surroundings are dark.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-318929 proposes a transflective liquid crystal device in which a pixel electrode serving as a transflective film is provided on the inner surface of a liquid crystal cell. It also discloses a configuration in which a pixel electrode made of an IT0 (Indium Tin Oxide) film is stacked on a semi-transmissive reflective film made of a metal film via an insulating film.
- IT0 Indium Tin Oxide
- the optical properties of the polarizing plate, retardation plate, liquid crystal cell, etc. on the surface side of the liquid crystal cell are set so as to enhance the contrast characteristics during reflective display, good contrast characteristics during transmissive display can be obtained.
- these optical characteristics are set to enhance the contrast characteristics in transmissive display. Then, it becomes impossible to obtain good contrast characteristics at the time of reflective display.
- these optical characteristics are set so that color compensation due to color dispersion caused by light wavelength dispersion can be satisfactorily performed during reflective display, such color compensation cannot be satisfactorily performed during transmissive display.
- the color compensation cannot be favorably performed during the transmissive display. That is, it is generally very difficult to obtain high contrast and to perform good color compensation in both the reflective display mode and the transmissive display mode, and there is a problem that high-quality image display cannot be performed. .
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems.
- a liquid crystal device capable of switching between a reflective display and a transmissive display, double reflection due to parallax and blurring of display do not occur. It is an object of the present invention to provide a transflective liquid crystal device capable of displaying a high-quality image both during transmission and transmissive display, and an electronic apparatus using the liquid crystal device.
- An object of the present invention is to form a pair of transparent first and second substrates, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates, and a liquid crystal layer formed on a surface of the second substrate on the liquid crystal layer side.
- a first polarizing plate disposed on the opposite side, a first retardation plate disposed between the first substrate and the first polarizing plate, and a first retardation plate disposed between the second substrate and the lighting device. This is achieved by a liquid crystal device comprising: a two-polarization plate; and a second retardation plate disposed between the second substrate and the second polarization plate.
- the laminate reflects external light incident from the first substrate side to the liquid crystal layer side by the transflective layer included therein.
- the laminated body transmits the light source light emitted from the illumination device and incident from the second substrate side to the liquid crystal layer side through the semi-transmissive reflective layer and the transparent electrode layer included therein. . Therefore, in a dark place, light is Display is possible.
- Such a semi-transmissive reflective layer may be provided with a fine opening, or may be composed of a reflective film capable of transmitting light in a part of the area, or exhibit semi-transmissive reflectivity in the entire area. It may be composed of a film (for example, a metal thin film that is extremely thin enough to transmit light or a commercially available half mirror).
- liquid crystal device of the present invention in particular, external light reflected in a non-opening area (reflection area or non-transmission area) where no opening, gap, or the like in the semi-transmission reflection layer is formed, is stacked on the semi-transmission reflection layer. It passes through the transparent electrode layer and passes through a liquid crystal portion driven by the transparent electrode layer portion facing the non-opening region. That is, reflection display can be performed using a liquid crystal portion driven by a vertical electric field by the transparent electrode layer portion facing the non-opening region.
- a transmissive display can be performed using a liquid crystal portion driven by a vertical electric field by the transparent electrode layer portion facing the opening region.
- the transparent electrode layer does not affect the electric field applied to the liquid crystal layer regardless of the pattern of the semi-transmissive reflective layer, regardless of the opening pattern and the gap pattern in the semi-transmissive reflective layer, the reflective type During display and transmissive display, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is uniform in each dot or each pixel, and deterioration of display quality due to disorder in the alignment direction can be prevented.
- the liquid crystal device of the present invention includes the first polarizing plate and the first retardation plate, and the second polarizing plate and the second retardation plate, good display control can be performed in both the reflective display and the transmissive display. it can. More specifically, the first retardation plate reduces the influence on the color tone such as coloring caused by the wavelength dispersion of light at the time of reflection display, and the second retardation plate causes the light at the time of transmission display to be reduced. It is possible to reduce the effect on color tone such as coloring caused by chromatic dispersion. In addition, it is also possible to arrange a plurality of retardation plates for the first and second retardation plates by compensating for the coloring of the liquid crystal cell or compensating for the viewing angle, respectively.
- the optical characteristics of the first polarizing plate, the first retardation plate, the liquid crystal layer, and the transflective layer are set so as to increase the contrast at the time of the reflective display.
- a metal whose main component is A 1 (aluminum) is used, but it is necessary to reflect external light such as Cr (chrome) and Ag (silver) in the visible light region.
- the material is not particularly limited as long as it is a metal that can be formed.
- the driving method of the liquid crystal device of the present invention includes various known driving methods such as a passive matrix driving method, a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) active matrix driving method, a TFD (Thin Film Diode) active matrix driving method, and a segment driving method.
- a method can be adopted.
- the driving voltage is made different between the reflective display and the transmissive display. It is preferable to optimize with.
- a plurality of striped / segmented transparent electrodes are formed as appropriate according to the driving method, or a transparent electrode is formed on almost the entire surface of the first substrate.
- driving may be performed by a horizontal electric field parallel to the substrate between the transparent electrodes on the second substrate without providing the opposing electrode on the first substrate.
- the transflective layer, the color filter, the protective film, and the transparent electrode layer are laminated in this order from the side closer to the second substrate.
- the color filter is further provided on the semi-transmissive reflective layer, it is possible to perform a reflective color display using external light and a transmissive color display using an illumination device.
- the color filter preferably has a transmittance of 25% or more for all light in the wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm. By doing so, a bright reflective color display and a transmissive color display can be realized.
- a metal whose main component is A1 is used for the transflective layer.
- A1 metal has low solvent resistance, is very difficult to handle, and is easily scratched.
- the reflection surface of the semi-transmissive reflection layer such as A1 metal is covered with a color filter and a protective film to form a transparent electrode layer
- A1 is directly formed of a transparent film such as an ITO film. It does not come into contact with the developer for electrode formation. Therefore, the A1 metal is easy to handle, and the scratches and the like can be hardly formed.
- a protective film a material such as an acryl-based transparent resin or silicon oxide can be used.
- the protective film between the color filter and the transparent electrode layer can be omitted. This is a case where the present invention is used as a counter substrate of a substrate on which an active element of a TFT active matrix type liquid crystal device is formed, and a case where patterning of the transparent electrode layer of the counter substrate is unnecessary.
- the transflective layer, the insulating film, and the transparent electrode layer are laminated in order from the side closer to the second substrate in the laminate.
- the transparent electrode layer and the transflective layer can be insulated by the insulating film, even if the transflective layer is formed from a conductive metal such as A1 in an arbitrary pattern, The presence of the transflective layer does not cause a problem in the insulating state of the transparent electrode layer. Furthermore, since the transparent electrode layer is formed by covering the reflective surface of the semi-transmissive reflective layer such as A1 metal with an insulating film, A1 can directly come into contact with a developing solution for forming a transparent electrode such as an ITO film. Absent. Therefore, the A1 metal can be easily handled, and the scratches and the like can be hardly formed.
- a color filter and a protective film are formed on a surface of the first substrate on the liquid crystal layer side in order from a side closer to the first substrate. Is also good.
- the color filter formed on the first substrate side instead of the second substrate side and protected by the protective film is used, and a reflective color display by external light and a lighting device are used.
- a transmissive color display can be performed.
- the insulating film is The surface portion of the radiation layer may be oxidized.
- a very thin insulating film having high insulating properties can be obtained.
- the transflective layer may be anodized or thermally oxidized.
- the insulating film may be formed by stacking two or more different types of insulating films.
- the insulating property of the insulating film can be improved.
- an oxide of aluminum or the like can be used as one of the insulating films, and a SiO 2 (silicon oxide) film, an overcoat film of an organic substance, or the like can be used as the other insulating film.
- the SiO 2 film may be formed by vapor deposition, sputtering or CVD, and the organic film may be formed by spin coating or the like.
- a color filter may be further laminated in the laminate between the insulating film and the transparent electrode layer.
- a protective film may be formed between the color filter and the transparent electrode layer in the laminate.
- the semiconductor device may further include an active element formed on the insulating film and connected to the transparent electrode layer.
- an active drive type liquid crystal device capable of performing high-quality reflective display and transmissive display using active elements insulated from the semi-transmissive reflective layer by the insulating film.
- the active element a three-terminal element represented by a TFT element or a two-terminal element represented by a TFD element can be used.
- a plurality of openings are formed in the transflective layer.
- reflective display when sufficient external light is present, reflective display can be performed by taking in the external light and reflecting the external light at the non-opening portion of the transflective layer.
- a transmissive display can be performed by turning on the illumination device and introducing light from the light source into the liquid crystal layer through the opening of the transflective layer.
- the diameter of the opening is preferably from 0.01 m to 20 zm. By doing so, it is difficult for humans to recognize, and the deterioration of the display quality caused by the provision of the opening can be suppressed, and the reflective display and the transmissive display can be realized simultaneously.
- the opening is preferably formed with an area ratio of 5% or more and 30% or less with respect to the transflective layer.
- a plurality of the transflective layers are formed at a predetermined interval from each other.
- a transmissive display can be realized by the light source light emitted from the lighting device and introduced into the liquid crystal layer from the gap between the plurality of transflective layers formed in a line. Also in this case, it is preferable that the interval between the transflective layers is not less than 0.11 / 111 and not more than 20 ⁇ 111, and the interval between the transflective layers is 5% or more of the transflective layer. It is preferable to form them at an area ratio of 30% or less.
- the non-driving state is a dark (black) state.
- the non-driving state is a dark state
- light leakage between pixels or dots where the liquid crystal is not driven during the transmissive display can be suppressed, and the transmissive display with higher contrast can be achieved.
- the contrast in the transmissive display and the reflective display can be improved without providing a light-shielding film generally called a black matrix or a black mask at a position facing the gap between the reflective electrodes. Becomes possible.
- a light-shielding film it is possible to prevent a situation in which the brightness at the time of reflective display is lowered.
- the transflective layer includes 95% by weight or more of A1, and has a layer thickness of 10 nm to 40 nm.
- a transflective layer having a transmittance of 1% or more and 40% or less and a reflectance of 50% or more and 95% or less can be produced within this layer thickness range.
- a scattering plate is further provided on the first substrate on a side opposite to the liquid crystal layer.
- the specular feeling of the transflective layer can be made to appear on the scattering surface (white surface) by the scattering plate.
- a wide viewing angle can be displayed by scattering by the scattering plate.
- the position of the scattering plate may be any position as long as it is on the side opposite to the liquid crystal layer of the first substrate. Considering the effect of backscattering of the scattering plate (scattering to the incident light side when external light is incident), it is desirable to dispose it between the first polarizing plate and the first substrate. Backscattering is scattered light that has nothing to do with the display of the liquid crystal device, and the presence of this backscattering degrades contrast in reflective display. By arranging between the first polarizing plate and the first substrate, the amount of backscattered light can be reduced to about half by the first polarizing plate.
- the transflective layer has irregularities.
- this aspect it is possible to eliminate the mirror feeling of the semi-transmissive reflection layer by the unevenness, and to make it look like a scattering surface (white surface).
- a wide viewing angle can be displayed by scattering due to unevenness.
- This uneven shape can be formed by using a photosensitive acrylic resin or the like for the base of the transflective reflective layer, or by roughening the base glass substrate itself with hydrofluoric acid.
- a transparent flattening film is further formed on the uneven surface of the semi-transmissive reflective layer and the surface facing the liquid crystal layer (the surface on which the alignment film is formed) is flattened to prevent poor alignment of the liquid crystal. It is desirable from the viewpoint of
- the transflective liquid crystal device or the transflective color liquid crystal display which can switch and display between a reflective display and a transmissive display without a double reflection and a display blur due to parallax.
- Various electronic devices using one liquid crystal device can be realized. Such an electronic device can realize high-quality display regardless of ambient light in both bright and dark places.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing a schematic structure of a first embodiment of a liquid crystal device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2A is a conceptual diagram schematically showing the state of an electric field applied to the liquid crystal layer by a semi-transmissive reflective electrode having a single layer structure in the comparative example.
- FIG. 2B is a conceptual diagram schematically showing a state of an electric field applied to the liquid crystal layer by the transparent electrode laminated on the transflective plate in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a preferable setting pattern of optical characteristics in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing another example of a setting pattern of a suitable optical characteristic in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic vertical sectional view showing a schematic structure of a second embodiment of the liquid crystal device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6A is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the rubbing directions of the polarizing plate, the retardation plate, and the liquid crystal cell of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 6B is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the driving voltage—reflectance R / transmittance T of the liquid crystal device having the relationship shown in FIG. 6A.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic vertical sectional view showing a schematic structure of a third embodiment of the liquid crystal device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view showing an example of a semi-transmissive reflective layer composed of reflective layers arranged at intervals in a third embodiment of the liquid crystal device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a plan view showing another example of the semi-transmissive reflective layer composed of the reflective layers arranged at intervals in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view showing another example of the semi-transparent reflective layer composed of the reflective layers arranged at intervals in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic vertical sectional view showing a schematic structure of a fourth embodiment of the liquid crystal device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing a schematic structure of a fifth embodiment of the liquid crystal device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 13 & is a schematic vertical sectional view showing a schematic structure of a sixth embodiment of the liquid crystal device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 13b is a partial perspective view of the sixth embodiment shown in FIG. 13a.
- FIG. 14 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a TFT drive element according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention together with pixel electrodes and the like.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing, on an enlarged scale, a TFD drive element according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention together with pixel electrodes and the like.
- FIG. 16a is a schematic vertical sectional view showing a schematic structure of a ninth embodiment of the liquid crystal device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 16b is a partial perspective view of the ninth embodiment shown in FIG. 16a.
- FIG. 17 & is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing a schematic structure of a tenth embodiment of the liquid crystal device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 17b is a partial perspective view of the tenth embodiment shown in FIG. 16a.
- FIG. 18 is an enlarged plan view showing various specific examples of the opening provided in the transflective layer of each embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a graph showing the light transmittance of each colored layer of the color filter in each example.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic perspective view of various electronic devices according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic vertical sectional view showing the structure of the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the first embodiment basically relates to a simple matrix type liquid crystal display device, the same configuration is applied to an active matrix type device, another segment type device, and other liquid crystal devices. It is possible.
- a liquid crystal cell in which a liquid crystal layer 103 is sealed between two transparent substrates 101 and 102 by a frame-shaped sealing material 104 is formed. It is formed.
- the liquid crystal layer 103 is made of a nematic liquid crystal having a predetermined twist angle.
- a plurality of stripe-shaped transparent electrodes 109 are formed by an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) film or the like, and on the surface of the transparent electrode 109, An alignment film 110 is formed, and rubbing is performed in a predetermined direction.
- ITO Indium Tin Oxide
- the Power Rafil 1 1 4 has three colored layers, R (red), G (green), and B (blue). They are arranged in a fixed pattern.
- a transparent protective film 1 15 is coated on the surface of the color filter 1 14 and a plurality of stripe-shaped transparent electrodes 1 16 are formed on the surface of this protective film 1 15 by an IT 0 film etc. Is formed.
- a plurality of striped transparent electrodes 116 formed for each colored layer of the color filter 114 are arranged so as to intersect the transparent electrodes 109.
- each transparent electrode 116 is formed in a rectangular shape and connected to a wiring via an active element (described later). 7 and 8).
- the transflective plate 111 is formed of Cr, A1, or the like, and its surface is a reflecting surface that reflects light incident from the transparent substrate 101 side.
- An alignment film 117 is formed on the surface of the transparent electrode 116 and rubbed in a predetermined direction.
- the semi-transmissive reflector 1 11 has an opening with a diameter of 2 m, the total area of the opening is about 10% of the total area of the semi-transmissive reflector, and the opening is It is provided at random.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B in the first embodiment, the electric field applied to the liquid crystal layer 103 by the transparent electrode 116 laminated on the semi-transmissive reflector 111 is reduced.
- Fig. 2a shows a semi-transmissive reflective electrode 1 1 1 'with a single-layer structure that also functions as a pixel electrode and a semi-transmissive reflective plate with a fine (for example, 2 m diameter) opening 1 1a.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram schematically showing a state of an electric field applied to a liquid crystal layer by the transflective electrode 111 ′ in a comparative example used.
- FIG. 2B is a conceptual diagram schematically showing a state of an electric field applied to the liquid crystal layer by the transparent electrode 116 laminated on the transflective plate 111 in the first embodiment.
- a transparent layer having no opening provided on the semi-transmissive reflection plate 111 provided with the minute opening 111a is provided.
- the electrode 1 16 when used, at the time of the reflection type display, it can be driven by the vertical electric field Fr by the transparent electrode 1 11 in the non-opening region as in the comparative example. Even in the transmissive display mode, the liquid crystal portion in the opening area At where the light source light incident from the opening 111a of the transflective electrode 111 passes through the opening 111a.
- the transparent electrode 111 can be driven by the vertical electric field Ft.
- the electric field applied to the liquid crystal layer by the transparent electrode 116 is not affected.
- the vertical electric field applied from the transparent electrode 116 makes the alignment direction of the liquid crystal uniform in each dot or each pixel, and the display quality is degraded due to the disorder in the alignment direction. Can be prevented.
- a polarizer 105 is disposed on the outer surface of the upper transparent substrate 101, and a retarder 106 is disposed between the polarizer 105 and the transparent substrate 101. ing . Further, a phase difference plate 108 is arranged behind the transparent substrate 102 below the liquid crystal cell, and a polarizing plate 107 is arranged behind the phase difference plate 108.
- a backlight having a fluorescent tube 119 emitting white light and a light guide plate 118 having an incident end face along the fluorescent tube 119 is disposed below the polarizing plate 107. It has been.
- the light guide plate 118 is a transparent body such as an acrylic resin plate on which a rough surface for scattering is formed on the entire back surface or a printing layer for scattering is formed. Receiving the light at the end face, it emits almost uniform light from the upper surface of the figure.
- Other backlights include LEDs (light emitting diodes) and ELs (light emitting diodes). Electroluminescence) can be used.
- the black matrix layer 1 which is a light shielding portion formed between the colored layers of the color filter 114 is used. 13 is provided substantially corresponding to between the dots in a plane.
- the black matrix layer 113 is formed by depositing a Cr layer or by using a photosensitive black resin.
- the polarizing plate 105 and the retardation plate 106 are arranged above the liquid crystal cell, and the polarizing plate 107 and the retardation plate 108 are arranged below the liquid crystal cell. Because of the arrangement, good display control can be performed in both the reflective display and the transmissive display. More specifically, the retardation plate 106 reduces the influence on the color tone such as coloring caused by the wavelength dispersion of the light in the reflection type display (that is, the reflection type plate using the retardation plate 106). In addition to optimizing the display at the time of display), the retarder 108 reduces the influence on the color tone such as coloring caused by the wavelength dispersion of light at the time of the transmissive display (that is, the retarder 106).
- a plurality of retardation plates 106 and 108 can be arranged by color compensation of the liquid crystal cell or compensation of the viewing angle, respectively. As described above, if a plurality of retardation plates 106 or 108 are used, optimization of coloring compensation or visual compensation can be more easily performed.
- the optical characteristics of the polarizing plate 105, the phase difference plate 106, the liquid crystal layer 103 and the transflective plate 111 are set so as to enhance the contrast in the reflective display, and under these conditions.
- the optical characteristics of the polarizing plate 107 and the retardation plate 108 are set so as to enhance the contrast in the transmissive display, high contrast characteristics can be obtained in both the reflective display and the transmissive display. Wear. For example, at the time of the reflection type display, the external light passes through the polarizing plate 105 to become linearly polarized light, and further, the phase difference plate 106 and the liquid crystal layer 103 in a state where no voltage is applied (dark display state).
- the transflector It passes through the transflector to become right circularly polarized light and reaches the transflector 1 1 1 where it is reflected. Then, the traveling direction is reversed and the light is converted to left-handed circularly polarized light.Then, the light is again converted to linearly polarized light through the liquid crystal layer 103 where no voltage is applied, and is absorbed by the polarizing plate 105 (i.e., The optical characteristics of the polarizing plate 105, the phase difference plate 106, the liquid crystal layer 103, and the transflective plate 111 are set so as to darken.
- the optical characteristics of the polarizing plate 107 and the phase difference plate 108 are set so that the light becomes the same as the left circularly polarized light reflected by the semi-transmissive reflecting plate 111 during the type display. Then, although the light source and the optical path are different from those in the reflection type display, the light source light transmitted through the transflective plate 111 in the transmissive type display becomes the semi-transmissive reflector 111 in the reflection type display.
- the liquid crystal layer 103 in a voltage non-applied state (dark display state) is converted into linearly polarized light through the liquid crystal layer 103, and is absorbed by the polarizing plate 105 (ie, becomes darker). .
- light passing through the liquid crystal layer 103 in a voltage applied state (bright display state) passes through the liquid crystal layer 103 and is emitted from the polarizing plate 105 (ie, becomes brighter).
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show two specific examples of the optical characteristics of the 107 and the retarder 108.
- the five stacked rectangles respectively represent a polarizing plate 105, a retardation plate 106, a liquid crystal cell including a liquid crystal layer 103, and the like in order from the top.
- Each layer of 08 and the polarizing plate 107 is shown, and the axial direction is indicated by the arrow drawn in each rectangle.
- FIGS. 1 show two specific examples of the optical characteristics of the 107 and the retarder 108.
- the upper retardation plate 106 of the liquid crystal cell is composed of two retardation plates (hereinafter, the first retardation plate 106a and the second retardation plate
- the lower retarder 108 of the liquid crystal cell is composed of two retarders (the third retarder 108 a and the third retarder 108 a).
- the fourth phase difference plate is assumed to be 108 b).
- the absorption axis 1301 of the polarizing plate 105 is 35.5 degrees to the left with respect to the longitudinal direction of the panel.
- the delay axis direction 1302 of the first retardation plate 106a is at left 102.5 degrees with respect to the longitudinal direction of the panel, and the retardation is 450 nm.
- the delay axis direction 1303 of the second retardation plate 106b is 48.5 degrees to the left with respect to the longitudinal direction of the panel, and the retardation is 544 nm.
- the rubbing direction 1304 of the alignment film on the transparent substrate 101 side of the liquid crystal cell is 37.5 degrees to the right with respect to the longitudinal direction of the panel.
- the rubbing direction 1305 on the transparent substrate 102 side of the liquid crystal cell is 37.5 degrees to the left with respect to the longitudinal direction of the panel.
- the liquid crystal twists counterclockwise by 255 degrees from the transparent substrate 101 to the transparent substrate 102.
- the product of the birefringence ⁇ n of the liquid crystal and the cell gap d is 0.90 0m.
- the retardation axis direction 1306 of the phase difference plate 108 is 0.5 degrees to the right with respect to the longitudinal direction of the panel, and its reflection is 140 nm.
- the absorption axis 133 of the polarizing plate 108 is at 49.5 degrees to the left with respect to the longitudinal direction of the panel.
- the light emitted from the backlight is a green light with a wavelength of 560 nm, an elliptically polarized light with an ellipticity of 0.85, and a semi-transmissive reflection arranged in the liquid crystal cell.
- the absorption axis 1401 of the polarizing plate 105 is at left 110 degrees with respect to the longitudinal direction of the panel.
- the delay axis direction 1402 of the first retardation plate 106a is at left 17.5 degrees with respect to the longitudinal direction of the panel, and the retardation is 2700 nm.
- the delay axis direction 1403 of the second retardation plate 106b is at left 10 degrees with respect to the longitudinal direction of the panel, and its reset state is 140 nm.
- the rubbing direction 144 of the alignment film on the transparent substrate 101 side of the liquid crystal cell is 51 degrees to the right with respect to the longitudinal direction of the panel.
- the rubbing direction 1405 on the transparent substrate 102 side of the liquid crystal cell is at left 50 degrees with respect to the longitudinal direction of the panel.
- the liquid crystal is twisted clockwise by 79 degrees from the transparent substrate 101 to the transparent substrate 102.
- the birefringence of the liquid crystal n
- the product of the lug gap d is 0.24 ⁇ m.
- the delay axis direction 1406 of the third retardation plate 108a is at left 100 degrees with respect to the panel longitudinal direction, and its retardation is 140 nm.
- the delay axis direction 1407 of the fourth retardation plate 108b is 37.5 degrees to the left with respect to the longitudinal direction of the panel, and its retardation is 2700 nm.
- the absorption axis 144 of the polarizing plate 108 is at left 20 degrees with respect to the longitudinal direction of the panel.
- the light emitted from the backlight has an ellipticity of up to 0.96 in a relatively wide wavelength range centering on green light with a wavelength of 560 nm, which is extremely close to circularly polarized light.
- the light passes through the semi-transmissive reflector 111 arranged in the liquid crystal cell.
- the rotation direction is counterclockwise, and the polarization state is almost the same as the external light that enters from the polarizing plate 105 side, passes through the liquid crystal layer in the dark display state, and is reflected by the semi-transmissive reflection plate 111.
- the optical characteristics are set as in this example, a high contrast characteristic can be obtained in both the reflection type display and the transmission type display.
- the liquid crystal device of (1) includes a polarizing plate 105 and a retardation plate 106, and a polarizing plate 107 and a retardation plate 108, good color is obtained in both the reflective display and the transmissive display. Compensation and high contrast characteristics can be obtained.
- the setting of these optical characteristics is not limited to those illustrated in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, but the brightness required in the specification of the liquid crystal device experimentally or theoretically or by simulation or the like. It can be set to match the pod contrast ratio.
- the light from the backlight becomes a predetermined polarized light by the polarizing plate 107 and the phase difference plate 108, and the light is transmitted through the small opening of the transflective plate 111. And after being introduced into the liquid crystal layer 103 and passing through the liquid crystal layer 103, it passes through the retardation plate 106. At this time, the state of transmitting (bright state), the state of absorbing (dark state), and the state (brightness) between them are controlled according to the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 103. can do.
- a color liquid crystal device which can switch and display between a reflective display and a transmissive display without double reflection or display bleeding is realized.
- the transflective plate 111 of this embodiment uses an A1 metal layer provided with an opening, and its surface is covered with a protective film 112, and a color filter 114 is formed thereon. A protective film 115 and a transparent electrode 116 are formed. For this reason, the A1 metal layer does not come into direct contact with the ITO developer or the color filter developer, so that the A1 metal layer does not dissolve in the developer. Further, the A1 metal layer that is easily scratched can be easily handled. It is to be noted that such a semi-transmissive reflection plate 11 1 preferably contains 95% by weight or more of A 1 and has a layer thickness of 10 nm to 40 nm.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic vertical sectional view showing the structure of a second embodiment of the liquid crystal device according to the present invention.
- this embodiment is basically related to a simple matrix type liquid crystal display device, it can be applied to an active matrix type device, another segment type device, and other liquid crystal devices with the same configuration. It is possible.
- a liquid crystal cell in which a liquid crystal layer 403 is sealed between two transparent substrates 401 and 402 with a frame-shaped sealing material 404 is formed.
- the liquid crystal layer 403 is composed of a nematic liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy.
- a plurality of stripe-shaped transparent electrodes 409 are formed by ITO or the like, and the liquid crystal is vertically aligned on the surface of the transparent electrode 409.
- the orientation film 410 is formed, and rubbing is performed in a predetermined direction. This Rabin
- the liquid crystal molecules have a pretilt angle of about 85 degrees in the rubbing direction due to the rubbing process.
- the transparent electrode 409 is formed in a rectangular shape and connected to a wiring via an active element.
- irregularities having a height of about 0.8 ⁇ m are formed by a photosensitive acrylic resin, and 1.0% by weight of Nd is formed on the surface.
- A1 to which is added is sputtered to a thickness of 25 nm to form a transflective reflector 411.
- a color filter 4 14 is formed on the semi-transmissive reflection plate 4 1 1 via a protective film 4 1 2, and the color filter 4 14 has R (red), G (green) ), B (blue) colored layers are arranged in a predetermined pattern.
- a transparent protective film 4 15 is coated on the surface of the color filter 4 14, and a plurality of striped transparent electrodes 4 16 are formed on the surface of the protective film 4 15 by ITO or the like. It has been.
- a plurality of strip-shaped transparent electrodes 416 formed for each color layer of the color filter 414 are arranged so as to intersect the transparent electrodes 409.
- An alignment film 417 is formed on the surface of the transparent electrode 416. Note that no rubbing treatment is performed on the alignment film 417.
- a polarizing plate 405 is arranged on the outer surface of the upper transparent substrate 401, and a retardation plate (1/4 wavelength plate) 406 is arranged between the polarizing plate 405 and the transparent substrate 401. Have been. Also, a retardation plate (1/4 wavelength plate) 408 is disposed below the liquid crystal cell behind the transparent substrate 402, and this retardation plate (1/4 wavelength plate) 408 A polarizing plate 407 is arranged behind the screen. A backlight having a falcon light tube 419 emitting white light and a light guide plate 418 having an incident end face along the fluorescent tube 419 is disposed behind the polarizing plate 407. Have been.
- the light guide plate 418 is a transparent material such as an acryl resin plate having a rough surface for scattering formed on the entire back surface or a printed layer for scattering, and receives light from the fluorescent tube 419 as a light source at an end surface. And emits substantially uniform light from the top surface of the figure.
- Other backlights include LEDs (light emitting diodes) and ELs (electroluminescence).
- a black matrix layer which is a light shielding portion formed between the colored layers of the color filter 414, is used. 4 13 are provided substantially correspondingly in plan view.
- the black matrix layer 4 13 is formed by depositing a Cr layer or by using a photosensitive black resin.
- the transmission axis P 1 of the polarizing plate 405 and the polarizing plate 407 is used.
- P 2 are set in the same direction, and the retardation plates (1/4 wavelength plate) 406 and 408 have slow axes C 1 with respect to the transmission axes P 1 and P 2 of these polarizing plates.
- the direction R 1 of the rubbing treatment of the alignment film 410 on the inner surface of the transparent substrate 410 is also the same as the slow axis C 1 of the retardation plate (1 wavelength plate) 406 and 408.
- the direction is the same as the direction of C2.
- the rubbing direction R1 defines the direction in which the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules falls when an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer 403.
- a negative nematic liquid crystal is used for the liquid crystal layer 403.
- FIG. 6B shows a driving voltage characteristic of the reflectance R in the reflective display according to the present embodiment and a driving voltage characteristic of the transmittance T in the transmissive display.
- the display state when no electric field is applied is dark (black). When this liquid crystal cell is used, it is not necessary to form the black matrix layer 4 13.
- a color liquid crystal device which can switch and display between a reflective display and a transmissive display without double reflection or display bleeding is realized.
- the semi-transmissive reflection plate 4 11 of the present embodiment uses a metal layer mainly composed of A 1, and its surface is covered with a protective film 4 12. A film 415 and a transparent electrode 416 are formed. For this reason, the A1 metal layer does not come into direct contact with the ITO developer or the color developer, so that the A1 metal layer does not dissolve in the developer. Further, the A1 metal layer, which is easily damaged, can be easily handled. For example, A1 having a thickness of 25 nm to which Nd of 1.0% by weight is added exhibits a reflectance of 80% and a transmittance of 10%, and sufficiently functions as a semi-transmissive reflector 411. .
- the semi-transmissive reflection plate 411 provided with irregularities can reflect the reflected light at a wide angle, so that a liquid crystal device with a wide viewing angle is realized.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic vertical sectional view showing the structure of a third embodiment of the liquid crystal device according to the present invention.
- this embodiment is basically related to a simple matrix type liquid crystal display device, it can be applied to an active matrix type device and other segment type devices with the same configuration, and to other liquid crystal devices. It is.
- a liquid crystal cell in which a liquid crystal layer 203 is sealed between two transparent substrates 201 and 202 with a frame-shaped sealing material 204 is formed.
- the liquid crystal layer 203 is composed of a nematic liquid crystal having a predetermined twist angle.
- a color filter 213 is formed on the inner surface of the upper transparent substrate 201, and the color filter 213 includes H (red), G (green), and B (blue). Three colored layers are arranged in a predetermined pattern.
- the transparent protective film on the surface of the color filter 2 1 3 2 1 2 A plurality of striped transparent electrodes 211 are formed on the surface of the protective film 211 by IT0 or the like.
- An orientation film 210 is formed on the surface of the transparent electrode 211, and rubbing is performed in a predetermined direction.
- the stripe-like reflection layer 2 16 formed for each coloring layer of the color filter 2 13 A plurality of stripe-shaped transparent electrodes 2 15 having a large area are arranged so as to intersect with the transparent electrodes 2 1 1.
- each of the reflective layers 2 16 and the transparent electrodes 2 15 are formed in a rectangular shape and connected to wiring via active elements.
- the reflection layer 2 16 is formed of Cr, A 1 or the like, and the surface thereof is a reflection surface that reflects light incident from the transparent substrate 201 side.
- An alignment film 214 is formed on the surface of the transparent electrode 215, and rubbing is performed in a predetermined direction.
- an example of the semi-transmissive reflective layer is configured from the reflective layers 216 arranged in stripes at predetermined intervals, and in this case, the adjacent stripe-shaped reflective layers are formed.
- Each of the gaps 2 16 has a function of transmitting light from the backlight.
- a polarizing plate 205 is arranged on the outer surface of the upper transparent substrate 201, and a retardation plate 206 and a scattering plate 207 are respectively arranged between the polarizing plate 205 and the transparent substrate 201. It has been.
- a retardation plate 209 is arranged behind the transparent substrate 202 below the liquid crystal cell, and a polarizing plate 208 is arranged behind the retardation plate 209. Then, on the lower side of the polarizing plate 208, a backlight having a fluorescent tube 218 emitting white light and a light guide plate 217 having an incident end face along the fluorescent chapter 218 is provided. Are arranged.
- the light guide plate 217 is a transparent body such as an acryl resin plate having a scattering roughened surface formed on the entire back surface or a printed layer for scattering, and receives light from the fluorescent tube 218 serving as a light source at an end face. And emits substantially uniform light from the top surface of the figure.
- LEDs light emitting diodes
- EL electrochromescence
- the light from the backlight becomes a predetermined polarization by the polarizing plate 208 and the retardation plate 209, and the liquid crystal layer 203 and the liquid crystal layer 203 are formed from the gap where the reflective layer 216 is not formed. It is introduced into the color filter 2 13 and then passes through the scattering plate 2 07 and the phase difference plate 2 06. At this time, depending on the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 203, the state of transmitting (bright state) and the state of absorbing (dark state) through the polarizing plate 205 and the state (brightness) between them are controlled. be able to.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic front view of the lower transparent substrate 202 when the present invention is applied to an active matrix liquid crystal device using MIM elements.
- the MIM element (or TFD element) 502 connected to the scanning line 501 is laminated on the island-shaped A1 reflection layer 503 and has an area smaller than that of the A1 reflection layer 503. It is connected to an ITO transparent electrode 504 in the form of a wide island.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic front view of an example of the lower transparent substrate 202 when the present invention is applied to a simple matrix type liquid crystal device.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic front view of another example of the lower transparent substrate 202 when the present invention is applied to a simple matrix type liquid crystal device.
- the width is smaller than that of each side of the island-shaped A1 reflective layer 60 2 ′ so as to intersect the stripe-shaped ITO transparent electrode 60 1 formed on the inner surface of the upper transparent substrate of the liquid crystal cell.
- An ITO transparent electrode 603 in the form of a stripe that is slightly wider is formed.
- the display mode of the light-shielding film (black matrix layer) and the liquid crystal layer is not controlled. It is cut off by making it a single black. That is, light of the backlight incident on the portion of the IT0 transparent electrode 504 or 603 which does not overlap with the A1 reflective layer 503, 602 or 602 ′ enables a transmissive display.
- the line width (L) of the ITO transparent electrode 601 on the inner surface of the upper transparent substrate is 198 ⁇ 1
- the line width (W 1) of the A1 reflective layer 602 on the inner surface of the lower substrate is 46 ⁇ m
- the line width (W2) of the ITO transparent electrode 603 formed at 56 zm is 56 zm
- a color liquid crystal device which can switch and display between a reflective display and a transmissive display without double reflection or display bleeding is realized.
- the A1 reflective layer 216 of this embodiment has the ITO transparent electrode 215 formed on its surface, the A1 reflective layer 216 can be hardly damaged, and the A1 reflective layer 216 and the IT0 transparent electrode Since two of the electrodes 215 are electrode lines, the resistance of the electrode lines can be reduced.
- the scattering plate 207 arranged on the upper surface of the liquid crystal cell can emit the light reflected by the A1 reflection layer 216 at a wide angle, so that a liquid crystal device having a wide viewing angle is realized.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing the structure of a fourth embodiment of the liquid crystal device according to the present invention.
- this embodiment is basically related to a simple matrix type liquid crystal display device, it can be applied to an active matrix type device, another segment type device, and other liquid crystal devices with the same configuration. It is possible.
- a liquid crystal cell in which the liquid crystal layer 303 is sealed between two transparent substrates 301 and 302 by a frame-shaped sealing material 304 is formed.
- the liquid crystal layer 303 is composed of a nematic liquid crystal having a predetermined twist angle.
- a color filter 3 13 is formed on the inner surface of the upper transparent substrate 301.
- the color filter 3 13 includes R (red), G (green), and B (blue). Color coloring layers are arranged in a predetermined pattern.
- a transparent protective film 3 1 2 is coated on the surface of the color filter 3 1 3, and a plurality of strip-shaped transparent electrodes 3 1 1 are provided on the surface of the protective film 3 1 2. And the like.
- An alignment film 310 is formed on the surface of the transparent electrode 311 and rubbed in a predetermined direction.
- the reflection layer 3 17 formed on the striped reflection layer 3 17 formed for each coloring layer of the color filter 3 13 Stripe-shaped transparent electrodes 315 having a larger area are formed via a protective film 316. Then, a plurality of the transparent electrodes 311 are arranged so as to intersect. In the case of an active matrix type device including a MIM element and a TFT element, each of the reflective layers 3 17 and the transparent electrodes 3 15 are formed in a rectangular shape, and are connected to wiring via active elements. .
- the reflective layer 317 is formed of Cr, A1, or the like, and its surface is a reflective surface that reflects light incident from the transparent substrate 301 side.
- An alignment film 314 is formed on the surface of the transparent electrode 315, and rubbing is performed in a predetermined direction.
- an example of a semi-transmissive reflective layer is configured from the reflective layers 317 arranged in a striped manner at predetermined intervals, and in this case, adjacent stripe-shaped reflective layers are formed. Each gap in layer 3 17 transmits light from the backlight. Function.
- a polarizing plate 304 is arranged on the outer surface of the upper transparent substrate 301, and a retardation plate 303 and a scattering plate 300 are arranged between the polarizing plate 304 and the transparent substrate 301. It has been. Further, a retardation plate 309 is arranged behind the transparent substrate 302 below the liquid crystal cell, and a polarizing plate 308 is arranged behind the retardation plate 309. Then, on the lower side of the polarizing plate 308, a backlight having a fluorescent tube 319 emitting white light and a light guide plate 318 having an incident end face along the fluorescent tube 319 is provided. Are arranged.
- the light guide plate 318 is a transparent body such as an acryl resin plate having a scattering rough surface formed on the entire back surface or a printed layer for scattering, and receives light from the fluorescent tube 319 as a light source at an end face. And emits substantially uniform light from the top surface of the figure.
- LEDs light emitting diodes
- EL electrochromescence
- the light from the backlight becomes a predetermined polarization by the polarizing plate 308 and the retardation plate 309, and the liquid crystal layer 303 and the color are formed from the portion where the reflective layer 317 is not formed. It is introduced into the filter 313, and then passes through the scattering plate 307 and the phase difference plate 306. At this time, the state of transmission (bright state), the state of absorption (dark state), and the state (brightness) between them are controlled according to the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 303. can do.
- the planar shapes of the transparent electrode 315 and the reflective layer 317 described above are similar to those of the third embodiment when applied to an active matrix type liquid crystal device using a MIM element. And suitable for simple matrix type liquid crystal devices. When used, it is as shown in FIG. 9 or FIG.
- the line width (L) of the ITO transparent electrode 601 on the inner surface of the upper transparent substrate is set to 240 zm
- the line width (W 1) of the A1 reflective layer 602 on the inner surface of the lower substrate is set to 6 O
- the line width (W 2) of the ITO transparent electrode 603 formed on the substrate through a protective film is 70 ⁇ m
- a color liquid crystal device which can switch and display between a reflective display and a transmissive display without double reflection or display bleeding is realized.
- the A1 reflective layer 3 17 of this embodiment has the protective film 3 16 formed on its surface and then the IT 0 transparent electrode 3 15, the A 1 reflective layer 3 17 Does not come into direct contact with the developer or etching solution of the ITO transparent electrode 315. Furthermore, the presence of the protective film 316 made it difficult to damage. By short-circuiting the A1 reflective layer 317 and the IT0 transparent electrode 315, the probability of disconnection can be reduced and the resistance of the electrode line can be reduced.
- the scattering plate 307 arranged on the upper surface of the liquid crystal cell can emit the light reflected by the A1 reflection layer 317 at a wide angle, realizing a liquid crystal device with a wide viewing angle. Is done.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic vertical sectional view showing the structure of a fifth embodiment of the liquid crystal device according to the present invention.
- the fifth embodiment has substantially the same configuration as the above-described fourth embodiment, and is different only in the structure of the reflection layer.
- the same components as those in FIG. 11 according to the fourth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.
- the reflection layer 3 17 ′ is formed as follows.
- a photosensitive resist is applied on the inner surface of the transparent substrate 302 by spin coating or the like, and is exposed at an adjusted amount of light through a mask having minute openings. Then, if necessary, the photosensitive resist is baked and developed. By development, a portion corresponding to the opening of the mask is partially removed, and a support layer having a corrugated cross-sectional shape is formed. Here, only the portion corresponding to the opening of the mask is removed by the above-described photolithographic process, or only the portion corresponding to the opening of the mask is left. Thereafter, the uneven shape is smoothed by etching or heating. A corrugated cross-sectional shape may be formed, or another layer may be laminated on the surface of the support layer once formed to form a smoother surface.
- a metal film having a reflective surface is formed by depositing a metal on the surface of the support layer by vapor deposition, sputtering, or the like, and then forming a stripe-shaped (see Fig. 9) or island-shaped (Fig. 8). Or see Fig. 10).
- As the metal A1, CrAg, Au or the like is used. Since the reflective layer 3 17 ′ is formed by reflecting the shape following the corrugations on the surface of the support layer, the surface is entirely roughened. According to this, a color liquid crystal device capable of switching between a reflective display and a transmissive display without double reflection or display bleeding was realized.
- the reflection layer 3 17 ′ having the unevenness can reflect the reflected light at a wide angle, so that a liquid crystal device with a wide viewing angle is realized.
- FIG. 13a is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a sixth embodiment of the liquid crystal device according to the present invention
- FIG. 13b is a perspective view of a part thereof.
- the sixth embodiment has substantially the same configuration as the above-described fourth embodiment, and differs from the fourth embodiment in the structure of the reflective layer and the protective film.
- 13A and 13B the same components as those in FIG. 11 according to the fourth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.
- the reflective layer 617 is an aluminum reflective layer having a thickness of 50 to 30 O nm by an evaporation method in the form of an island or a stripe for each dot. (See FIGS. 8 to 10).
- the reflective layer 6 It is preferable to use aluminum as 17 but other metals such as chromium can be used instead.
- the protective film is formed as in the fourth embodiment, or A 1 2 0 3 by the reflective layer after deposition anodizing (aluminum oxide two ⁇ beam ) Is formed.
- Anodization is performed by using a solution containing 1 to 10% by weight of ammonium salicylate and 20 to 80% by weight of ethylene glycol, forming a voltage of 5 to 250 V and a current density of 0.001 to 0%. It may be performed under the condition of 1 mA / cm 2 .
- the thickness of the oxide film thus formed is 14 O nm or an integral multiple thereof, coloring due to interference can be prevented.
- a transparent electrode 315 is arranged on the insulating layer 616, and the other configuration is the same as that of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG.
- an extremely thin insulating film 616 having high insulating properties can be obtained.
- the reflective layer 617 from aluminum, its reflectance can be maintained even after oxidation.
- anodic oxidation or thermal oxidation may be used.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing an enlarged view of a TFT drive element according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention together with pixel electrodes and the like. Note that the configuration in which the TFT drive element is formed on the substrate in the seventh embodiment and connected to the transparent electrode formed thereon via the insulating film is applicable to each embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 on the interlayer insulating film 72 1 formed on the transparent substrate 70 2, there are a gate electrode 72 2, a gate insulating film 72 3, an i-Si layer 72 4, and n + — A TFT element having an Si layer 725, a source electrode 726, and a drain electrode 727 is provided.
- the reflective layer 728 made of aluminum is formed on the interlayer insulating film 731 formed on the TFT element, and the insulating layer formed by anodizing the deposited reflective layer on the reflective layer 728 7 2 9 are provided.
- Drain electrode 7 2 on insulating layer 7 2 9 A transparent electrode 730 (pixel electrode) made of ITO and connected to contact 7 through a contact hole is formed.
- the TFT device configured as described above may be a TFT having any structure such as an LDD structure, an offset structure, and a self-aligned structure. Further, in addition to the single gate structure, a dual gate or triple gate or more may be used.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing an enlarged view of a TFD drive element according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention together with pixel electrodes and the like. Note that the configuration in which the TFD driving element is formed on the substrate in the eighth embodiment and connected to the transparent electrode formed thereon via the insulating film is applicable to each embodiment of the present invention.
- a first conductive layer 841 made of indium is formed on an interlayer insulating film 821 formed on a substrate 802, and the first conductive layer 841 is formed on the first conductive layer 841.
- a second conductive layer 843 made of chromium is formed on the insulating layer 842.
- a reflective layer 844 made of aluminum is formed on the interlayer insulating film 821, and on the reflective layer 844, an absolutely green film 845 obtained by anodizing the reflective layer after deposition. Are formed.
- the transparent electrode (pixel electrode) 846 formed on the insulating film 845 is connected to the second conductive layer 843.
- each transparent electrode (pixel electrode) 846 since electric power is supplied to each transparent electrode (pixel electrode) 846 via the TFD element, the crosstalk between the transparent electrodes 846 can be reduced. High-quality image display becomes possible.
- a two-terminal non-linear element having bidirectional diode characteristics such as a ZnO (Zinc Oxide) drive element, MSI (Metal Semi-Insulator) drive element, and RD (Ring Diode) element May be provided.
- FIG. 16a is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a ninth embodiment of the liquid crystal device according to the present invention
- FIG. 16b is a perspective view of a part thereof.
- the ninth embodiment has substantially the same configuration as the above-described sixth embodiment, but differs in the structure related to the reflective layer.
- FIGS. 16a and 16b the same components as those in FIGS. 13a and 13b according to the sixth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.
- the reflection layer 808 is formed in a stripe shape with a thickness of 50 to 30 nm by a vapor deposition method as a reflection layer made of aluminum.
- an opening 810 is provided in the reflective layer 808 as in the case of the first embodiment.
- the opening 810 can be provided simultaneously with the reflective layer 808 by a photolithography process.
- an aluminum etching method wet etching using a mixed solution of phosphoric acid, nitric acid and acetic acid, dry etching using chlorine-based gas, and the like are used.
- an insulating layer 809 is formed on the reflective layer 808 by anodizing the reflective layer after vapor deposition. The anodic oxidation is performed under the same conditions as in Example 6, and is formed with the same thickness as in Example 6.
- a transparent electrode 807 is arranged on the insulating layer 809, and the other configuration is the same as that of the sixth embodiment.
- an extremely thin insulating film 809 having high insulating properties can be obtained on the reflective layer 808 provided with the openings 810.
- the reflective layer 808 from aluminum, its reflectance can be maintained even after oxidation.
- FIG. 17a is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a tenth embodiment of the liquid crystal device according to the present invention
- FIG. 17b is a perspective view of a part thereof.
- the tenth embodiment has substantially the same configuration as the ninth embodiment described above, and differs in the structure related to the insulating film.
- FIGS. 17a and 17b the same components as those in FIGS. 16a and 16b according to the ninth embodiment are used. Are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- the insulating layer provided on the reflective layer 808 provided with the opening 810 has a multilayer structure including the insulating films 909 a and 909 b.
- an insulating film 909b coated with an organic substance by spin coating is formed in a laminated manner.
- an SiO 2 film or the like may be deposited in addition to the organic insulating film.
- the insulating property of the insulating film can be improved.
- an oxide such as aluminum on one of the insulating film is in the other insulating film can be used an overcoat layer due S i 0 2 film or an organic material, the S i 0 2 film according When forming the film, it may be formed by vapor deposition, sputtering or CVD, and when forming the organic film, the film may be formed by spin coating or the like.
- the openings such as 11, 411, 808 will be described with reference to FIG.
- four rectangular slots may be arranged for each pixel in four directions, or as shown in FIG. 18 (b), four rectangular slots may be arranged for each pixel. They may be arranged side by side, may have a large number of circular apertures discretely arranged for each pixel as shown in Fig. 18 (c), or may have one circular aperture for each pixel as shown in Fig. 18 (d). Two relatively large rectangular slots may be arranged. In this case, preferably, the total area of the openings is provided at a ratio of about 10% to the total area of the opposite layers. Such an opening can be easily formed in a photo step / developing step / peeling step using a resist.
- the planar shape of the opening 11a may be a square, a polygon, an ellipse, an irregular shape, or a slit extending over a plurality of pixels, in addition to the illustration.
- the diameter of the opening is not less than 0.0 l ⁇ m and not more than 20 ⁇ m, and the diameter of the opening is smaller than that of the opening. It is preferably formed with an area ratio of 5% or more and 30% or less with respect to the emissive layer.
- FIG. 19 is a characteristic diagram showing the transmittance of each colored layer such as the color filter 117.
- the incident light once passes through one of the colored layers such as color filter 117, then passes through the liquid crystal layer, and is transmitted through the semi-transmissive reflective layer. It is reflected and transmitted again through the colored layer before being emitted. Therefore, unlike a normal transmissive liquid crystal device, the light passes through the color filter 117 twice, so that the display becomes dark and the contrast is reduced in the normal color filter. Therefore, in each embodiment, as shown in FIG.
- the minimum transmittance 61 in the visible region of each of the R, G, and B colored layers such as the color filter 117 is 25 to 50%. It is formed in a lighter color. Lightening of the colored layer is achieved by reducing the thickness of the colored layer or decreasing the concentration of the pigment or dye mixed in the colored layer. Thus, it is possible to configure so as not to lower the brightness of the display when performing the reflective display.
- the lightening of the color filter 117, etc. results in lightening of the display because it passes through the color filter 117, etc. only once when performing transmissive display. Since the backlight often blocks a large amount of light by the electrodes, it is rather convenient in securing the brightness of the display.
- FIG. 20 shows three examples of the electronic device of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 (a) shows a mobile phone, in which a display unit 72 is provided at an upper part on the front of a main body 71.
- Mobile phones are used in all environments, both indoors and outdoors. It is often used in automobiles, but the interior is very dark at night.
- the display device to be used is preferably a transflective liquid crystal device capable of performing a transmissive display using auxiliary light as needed, mainly a reflective display with low power consumption. If the liquid crystal device described in the first to tenth embodiments is used as the display unit 72 of a mobile phone, a mobile phone that is brighter than the conventional one and has a higher contrast ratio in both the reflective display and the transmissive display can be obtained. can get.
- FIG. 20 (b) shows a watch, in which a display section 74 is provided at the center 73 of the main body.
- a display section 74 is provided at the center 73 of the main body.
- An important aspect in watch applications is luxury.
- the liquid crystal described in the first to tenth embodiments of the present invention is used as the display portion 74 of the watch, not only is it bright and has a high contrast, but also the coloring is small due to a small characteristic change due to the wavelength of light. small. Therefore, a very high-quality power display can be obtained compared to conventional watches.
- FIG. 20 (c) shows a portable information device, in which a display unit 76 is provided on the upper side of the main body 75, and an input unit 77 is provided on the lower side.
- an evening key is often provided on the front of the display unit 76.
- Normal evening keys have a lot of surface reflections, so the display is difficult to see. Therefore, conventionally, a transmissive liquid crystal device is often used as a display even though it is portable.
- transmissive liquid crystal devices use large amounts of power because they always use a backlight, and their battery life is short.
- the liquid crystal device according to the first to tenth embodiments is used as the display unit 76 of the portable information device, the display is bright regardless of the reflective type, the transflective type, or the transmissive type. A vivid portable information device can be obtained.
- liquid crystal device of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but can be appropriately changed without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention which can be read from the scope of the claims and the entire specification.
- the accompanying liquid crystal device is also included in the technical scope of the present invention.
- the liquid crystal device according to the present invention can be used as various display devices capable of displaying a bright and high-quality image in any of a dark place and a bright place. It can be used as a liquid crystal device constituting a display unit.
- an electronic device according to the present invention includes a liquid crystal television, a viewfinder type or a monitor direct view type video tape recorder, a car navigation device, an electronic notebook, a calculator, a word processor, a work It can be used as a station, mobile phone, videophone, POS terminal, touch panel, etc.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/424,627 US6680765B1 (en) | 1998-04-08 | 1999-04-07 | Liquid crystal device and electronic apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP10/96497 | 1998-04-08 | ||
JP9649798 | 1998-04-08 | ||
JP10/160866 | 1998-06-09 | ||
JP16086698 | 1998-06-09 |
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WO1999053369A1 true WO1999053369A1 (fr) | 1999-10-21 |
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PCT/JP1999/001865 WO1999053369A1 (fr) | 1998-04-08 | 1999-04-07 | Afficheur a cristaux liquides et dispositif electronique |
PCT/JP1999/001864 WO1999053368A1 (fr) | 1998-04-08 | 1999-04-07 | Afficheur a cristaux liquides et dispositif electronique |
Family Applications After (1)
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PCT/JP1999/001864 WO1999053368A1 (fr) | 1998-04-08 | 1999-04-07 | Afficheur a cristaux liquides et dispositif electronique |
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US (4) | US6680765B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3326794B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100557691B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1138173C (ja) |
TW (1) | TW548450B (ja) |
WO (2) | WO1999053369A1 (ja) |
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JP2004125915A (ja) | 2002-09-30 | 2004-04-22 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 半透過半反射型液晶表示パネル |
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1999
- 1999-04-07 US US09/424,627 patent/US6680765B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-07 CN CNB998004731A patent/CN1138173C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-07 JP JP54564699A patent/JP3326794B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-07 KR KR1019997011383A patent/KR100557691B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-04-07 US US09/445,523 patent/US6873383B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-07 WO PCT/JP1999/001865 patent/WO1999053369A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1999-04-07 TW TW088105547A patent/TW548450B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-04-07 WO PCT/JP1999/001864 patent/WO1999053368A1/ja active Application Filing
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2003
- 2003-09-04 US US10/654,801 patent/US7092055B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2006
- 2006-04-24 US US11/410,329 patent/US7483100B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USRE41678E1 (en) | 1998-11-02 | 2010-09-14 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Half reflection type liquid crystal display device having matched phase of transmitted and reflected light |
WO2002103444A1 (fr) * | 2001-06-15 | 2002-12-27 | Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. | Structure de panneau d'affichage a cristaux liquides |
US6850297B2 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2005-02-01 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Substrate assembly for electrooptical device, method for manufacturing substrate assembly for electrooptical device, electrooptical device, method for manufacturing electrooptical device, and electronic apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7483100B2 (en) | 2009-01-27 |
KR20010013384A (ko) | 2001-02-26 |
CN1263608A (zh) | 2000-08-16 |
US6873383B1 (en) | 2005-03-29 |
US6680765B1 (en) | 2004-01-20 |
CN1138173C (zh) | 2004-02-11 |
JP3326794B2 (ja) | 2002-09-24 |
US7092055B2 (en) | 2006-08-15 |
US20040041967A1 (en) | 2004-03-04 |
US20060209236A1 (en) | 2006-09-21 |
TW548450B (en) | 2003-08-21 |
WO1999053368A1 (fr) | 1999-10-21 |
KR100557691B1 (ko) | 2006-03-07 |
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