WO1999056502A1 - Element chauffant en carbone et son procede de fabrication - Google Patents
Element chauffant en carbone et son procede de fabrication Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999056502A1 WO1999056502A1 PCT/JP1999/002251 JP9902251W WO9956502A1 WO 1999056502 A1 WO1999056502 A1 WO 1999056502A1 JP 9902251 W JP9902251 W JP 9902251W WO 9956502 A1 WO9956502 A1 WO 9956502A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- heating element
- quartz glass
- carbon material
- carbon heating
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a carbon heating element having excellent durability even when repeatedly used in a high-temperature environment, and a method for producing the same.
- Nickel and carbon materials are generally used as heating elements.
- Nickel wire cannot be used in atmospheres such as halogen gas, acid gas, and corrosive gas. Under these special circumstances, carbon materials are used because of their chemical stability. However, carbon materials cannot be used where strong oxidizing chemicals such as concentrated nitric acid or fuming concentrated nitric acid are generated.
- carbon materials can be used in a high-temperature environment in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, but can be used only up to about 400 ° C because they are oxidized in air.
- a carbon heating element that can be used in air at a high temperature range of 400 ° C or higher
- a carbon material whose surface is coated with ceramic glass and whose carbon material is shielded from oxygen Heating elements are known. These carbon heating elements, by making the coating material and the carbon surface completely adhere to each other, block oxygen and prevent oxidation and depletion of the internal carbon material.
- the coating material since the coefficient of expansion of the coating material and that of the carbon material are different, if used repeatedly, the coating material will peel off and the coating effect will be lost.
- the use of the above-mentioned coating material is limited because it is vulnerable to thermal shock and the like.
- the present invention solves or significantly reduces the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and provides excellent durability that can be used repeatedly even when heated to about 100 ° C. in air.
- the main object is to provide a carbon heating element having the same.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a carbon heating element having excellent thermal shock resistance that can respond to rapid temperature changes.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a carbon heating element that can be used even in a special environment such as in a strong oxidizing chemical.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a carbon heating element having a sufficient heat generating ability with less power consumption.
- the inventor has devised elaborately, and as a result, only when quartz glass is used as the coating layer of the carbon material, the antioxidant effect over a long period of time, rapid heating and cooling, etc. Excellent thermal shock resistance to withstand severe thermal shock, strong acid Found that a carbon heating element that can be used even under chemical chemicals can be obtained.
- the present invention provides the following carbon heating element and a method for producing the same.
- Carbon heating element composed of carbon material and quartz glass coating layer
- At least one kind of carbon material selected from the group consisting of carbon fiber, carbon fiber cloth, woody carbon material, carbon rod and carbon powder compact is used. body.
- a method of manufacturing a carbon heating element in which a quartz material is covered with a carbon material and the quartz glass is sealed under a vacuum or a substituted inert gas at a pressure of 0.2 atm or less.
- the carbon heating element of the present invention comprises a carbon material and a quartz glass coating layer.
- Quartz glass used in the present invention the starting quartz glass Sudea Repa not particularly limited, for example, quartz glass quartz that the rather melt railways, high-purity S i C, a etc. S i H 4 Examples include quartz glass as a raw material, quartz glass produced by melting silica sand, and quartz glass as a raw material from silica glass.
- the re mosquito glass using quartz glass as a raw material for example, by molding a sheet re force glass in 55 0 to 620 ° about C, B 2 0 3 - Na 2 0 phase and S i 0 2
- an acid treatment with hydrochloric acid or the like is performed, and then a heat treatment at about 1,000 to 1200 ° C can be performed to form a stone glass layer.
- Silicon glass is easier to mold because it softens at a lower temperature than quartz glass.
- the silica glass used is preferably of higher purity. For example, about 95% or more, and preferably 98% or more, of glass can be used.
- the thermal shock strength ( ⁇ T) of the quartz glass coating layer of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is usually about 950 ° C or more, preferably about 980 ° C or more.
- the linear expansion coefficient of the quartz glass coating layer of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 (approximately 6 or less).
- the quartz glass used in the present invention is not limited to a colorless and transparent glass, and is, for example, an opaque stone glass having bubbles inside the glass, a slip glass having small irregularities on its surface, or black. What Any colored quartz glass can be used. Carbon heating elements using colored quartz glass, especially black quartz glass, are preferred because of their increased emissivity and increased far-infrared radiation.
- a known method can be used for producing colored quartz glass. For example, a method of baking glaze or a method of dissolving manganese salt in quartz glass can be used.
- the thickness of the quartz glass coating layer of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as a predetermined effect can be obtained, but is usually about 0.04 to 3 mm on average, and preferably about 0.1 to 2 mra on average. If the quartz glass layer is too thin, sufficient mechanical strength cannot be obtained. For example, the coating layer may be easily broken due to small cracks, thermal stress when heated for a long time, and the like.
- the carbon material used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include carbon fiber, carbon fiber cloth, woody carbon material, carbon rod, and a molded product of carbon powder.
- the carbon materials used in the present invention can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a carbon material having a low density is preferable.
- a low-density carbon material has a large apparent volume and therefore has a large amount of far-infrared rays and has a better heat generating ability.
- the density of the carbon material is not particularly limited, but is generally about 1.5 g / cm 3 or less, preferably It is about 0.01 to 0.6 g / cra 3 , more preferably about 0.05 to 25 g / cm 3 .
- the molecular structure of the carbon material used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include graphitic carbon, amorphous carbon, and carbon having an intermediate crystalline structure thereof.
- the type of carbon fiber used in the present invention is not particularly limited.
- Examples of such carbon fibers include natural fiber-based carbon fibers made from natural fibers such as cotton; PAN (polyacrylonitrile) -based carbon fibers; and cellulose-based carbon fibers. Fibers; glass-like carbon fibers such as vinyl resin-based carbon fibers, furan-based carbon fibers, and polycarbide-based carbon fibers; anisotropic pitches, isotropic pitches, and synthetic pitches Pitch-based carbon fiber; polyvinyl alcohol-based carbon fiber; activated carbon fiber; coiled carbon fiber, and the like.
- the fiber diameter of the carbon fiber used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as a desired effect can be obtained, but is usually about 5 to 20 m, preferably about 7 to 15 m, and more preferably? Approximately 11 m.
- the carbon fiber used in the present invention may form a tow or may be twisted.
- the diameter of the towed or twisted carbon fiber is not particularly limited as long as a desired effect can be obtained, but is usually about 0.05 to 10 mm, preferably about 0.1 to 5 mm.
- the tow-like or twisted carbon fibers may be further bundled if necessary.
- a cloth may be formed using carbon fibers and used as a carbon fiber cloth.
- the type of the carbon fiber cloth is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a woven cloth, a non-woven cloth, and a phenolate obtained by weaving carbon fibers.
- the density of the carbon fiber cloth used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably low density, more preferably 0.01 to 0.5 g / cra 3 force, and 0.05 to 25 g / cra. About 3 cm is particularly preferable.
- the porosity of the carbon fiber cloth is not particularly limited, but is preferably as high as possible, more preferably about 80% or more, and particularly preferably about 90 to 97%.
- the size ratio between the carbon material used and the quartz glass tube is not particularly limited.
- the carbon heating element of the present invention may or may not be in close contact with the carbon material and the quartz glass coating layer.
- the inside of the quartz glass coating layer may be a vacuum or may be replaced with a rare gas such as argon gas, neon gas or xenon gas, or an inert gas such as nitrogen gas.
- the pressure of the inert gas is preferably reduced because the inert gas expands when heated.
- the pressure of the inert gas at room temperature (25 ° C.) is preferably about 0.2 atm or less, more preferably lxl O—about 3 atm or less.
- the carbon heating element of the present invention may have at least two electrodes for electrical contact at an end of the carbon material or the like.
- the electrode material is not particularly limited as long as it is a material usually used in the field, and examples thereof include metals such as copper, silver, molybdenum, and tungsten. Further, the shape of the electrode can be appropriately selected depending on the application and the like.
- a quartz glass is covered on a carbon material, and the quartz glass is sealed in a state where the inside of the quartz glass is reduced to 0.2 atm or less by a vacuum or a substituted inert gas. It can be manufactured by a method.
- the carbon heating element of the present invention can have any shape according to the use, the carbon material used, the shape of quartz glass, and the like.
- carbon heating elements such as rods, plates, and pipes can be obtained.
- the rod-shaped carbon heating element may be formed into a desired shape such as a U-shape or a W-shape by softening quartz glass by heat treatment.
- Such a heat treatment is performed before or after the carbon material is sealed in quartz glass. You may go.
- the heat treatment can be carried out at a temperature at which the quartz glass softens, preferably from 150 ° C: L700 ° C o
- a method for attaching an electrode to the carbon heating element a method generally used in the relevant field can be used. For example, there is a method in which a metal foil or the like is placed on the end of the carbon material and the like is swaged to form an electrode, and a method in which a metal wire is wound around the end of the carbon material.
- the step of attaching the electrode may be performed before or after the step of sealing the carbon material in the quartz glass.
- a carbon material to which an electrode is attached in advance is sealed in quartz glass
- a method in which the quartz glass is sealed with the electrode out of the quartz glass can be used. If electrodes are to be attached after the carbon material is sealed in quartz glass, for example, the quartz glass is sealed so that the end of the carbon material is outside the quartz glass, and then the electrode is attached to the end of the carbon material. Can be used.
- the carbon material into a quartz glass tube and seal one end of the quartz glass tube.
- a high-temperature burner such as an acetylene burner or an oxyhydrogen flame burner to seal quartz glass. be able to.
- the work may be performed while cooling the electrode portion with a cooling water pipe or the like.
- the other end is evacuated, and the other end is sealed in air using a method similar to the above while evacuating the quartz glass tube.
- the carbon material and the quartz glass tube may be closely adhered if necessary.
- Examples of a method for bringing the carbon material into close contact with the quartz glass include a method in which the inside of the quartz glass tube is depressurized or evacuated, and then both ends are sealed, and the quartz glass tube is heated at a high temperature. Since the inside of the quartz glass tube is decompressed, the carbon material and the quartz glass tube will melt and adhere to each other if softened by high-temperature heat treatment.
- the temperature at the time of performing the above-mentioned heat treatment may be such that the quartz glass tube is softened, and is usually about 150 to 170 ° C.
- the inside of the quartz glass tube may be replaced with an inert gas.
- an inert gas for example, it is possible to use a method in which one end is sealed and then the other end is replaced with an inert gas. it can.
- the quartz glass plate When the carbon material is planar, the upper and lower sides of the carbon material are sandwiched between quartz glass plates, and after high-temperature heat treatment, the quartz glass plate is compressed from above and below and sealed to obtain a carbon heating element be able to.
- the temperature of the high-temperature heat treatment is such that the quartz glass is softened, usually about 1500 to 2000 ° C, preferably about 160 to 1750 ° C.
- the time for maintaining the predetermined temperature can be appropriately set according to the size of the carbon heating element, but is usually about 2 to 10 minutes.
- the pressure at which the quartz glass plate is compressed is not particularly limited, and is usually about the contact pressure.
- a carbon heating element can be manufactured by embedding a carbon material in quartz glass powder, heating in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, melting the quartz glass, and applying pressure.
- the temperature at which quartz glass is melted is usually around 1650-1800 ° C.
- the time for maintaining the predetermined temperature can be appropriately set according to the size of the carbon heating element, but is usually about 30 minutes to 1 hour.
- the pressure applied after the quartz glass is melted is not particularly limited, but is usually about 98 kPa or less.
- the carbon heating element of the present invention is used by connecting an electrode to an external power supply and energizing.
- the carbon heating element of the present invention includes heating elements such as heaters, heating elements such as floor heating, heating elements for cooking utensils, heating elements such as snow melting and anti-fog equipment, and OA equipment. Can be used as various heating elements such as heating elements. Alternatively, it can be used in poor environments such as waste disposal sites.
- the carbon heating element of the present invention can be used repeatedly in air and in a high-temperature region, which has been impossible to use conventionally.
- the carbon heating element according to the present invention does not corrode even in a strongly oxidizing environment and exhibits excellent durability.
- the carbon heating element of the present invention has excellent thermal shock resistance, which cannot be obtained with a conventional carbon heating element using ceramic glass as a coating material.
- the carbon heating element of the present invention has excellent heat generating ability.
- a low-density carbon material is used as the carbon material, it has a better heat generating ability.
- carbon fiber cloth is used as the carbon material, by increasing the porosity of the cloth and increasing the apparent volume, the same surface temperature can be maintained with less power consumption, and the It is possible to obtain a carbon heating element with a larger amount of infrared rays.
- Example 1 is shown below to further clarify the features of the present invention. It goes without saying that the present invention is not limited by these examples.
- Example 1 is shown below to further clarify the features of the present invention. It goes without saying that the present invention is not limited by these examples.
- the quartz glass tube end was sealed with an oxyhydrogen flame burner. Connect the other end of the glass tube to the thick rubber tube, attach the three-way cock of the glass device on the other side of the thick rubber tube, and vacuum pump and argon gas on the other two sides. Bombe was connected. After evacuating and replacing with argon gas twice, the inside of the quartz glass tube was evacuated, and the quartz glass portion about 1.5 cm from the end of the carbon fiber was sealed. The quartz glass tube outside the sealed portion was cut, carbon fibers were taken out, and a copper tube was covered in the same manner as above, and the tube was used as the other electrode portion. While cooling the electrode, the carbon fiber portion between the electrode and the sealed portion was sealed so as not to come into contact with air.
- the quartz glass between the electrodes was heated until it was softened and melted and adhered. After confirming that the carbon fiber did not come into contact with the outside air, a quartz glass-coated carbon heating element was selected.
- the temperature of the heating element is controlled using a temperature controller (FK-1000-FP90) for precision electric furnace manufactured by Furutech Co., Ltd., and an infrared thermocouple (IRt / c, 10 / 38AULF, measurable temperature range: — 18 to 1370 ° (response time: 200 msec) Connect the obtained carbon heating element to these devices, use the device constant in air to find the device constant did.
- the surface temperature of the carbon heating element was set to 800, 1000, and 1250 ° C in air, and held for 300 hours, and the changes in the surface state were visually observed.
- the carbon heating element at 1000 ° C was thrown into water at about 15 ° C.
- the above carbon heating element was formed into a U-shape, and charged with concentrated sulfuric acid: concentrated nitric acid 1: 1 so as not to touch the electrodes. After being kept at 100 ° C for 100 hours, it was washed with water and dried, and the change in the surface state was visually observed. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- a carbon heating element was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that tow-like PAN-based carbon fiber (tow diameter: about 2 min: length 22 cm) was used instead of glassy carbon fiber as the carbon material. Was manufactured.
- a carbon heating element was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that tow-shaped pitch-based carbon fiber (toe diameter: about 2 mm: length 22 cm) was used instead of glassy carbon fiber as the carbon material. Manufactured.
- the wood was fired in a nitrogen atmosphere from room temperature to 1000 ° C for 10 hours to obtain a woody carbon material.
- a carbon heating element was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the obtained wood-based carbon material (220 ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ 1.5 mm, density: 0.2 g / cm 3 ) was used as the carbon material.
- a carbon heating element was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the inside of the quartz glass tube was replaced with argon gas and the pressure was set to 0.2 atm.
- toe-shaped pitch-based carbon fiber (toe diameter: about 2 min, apparent resistance at room temperature: 50 ⁇ ) are each wound 10 times with 0.3 mm molybdenum wire, and a 1 cm inner diameter T In a U-shaped quartz glass tube. With the molybdenum wire extended sufficiently from the glass tube, both ends of the glass tube were sealed. The opening of the T-tube is connected to a vacuum pump and argon gas, and the evacuation of the quartz glass tube and the replacement of argon gas are repeated twice.Then, a vacuum is applied to melt the quartz glass tube. Sealing was performed to produce a 30 cm long carbon heating element.
- Electric current was supplied to the carbon heating element manufactured in Example 7, and when the surface temperature exceeded 40 ° C., the electric current was stopped, and the amount of far-infrared rays at each temperature in the natural cooling process was measured.
- the measurement conditions were environmental temperature 15 ⁇ 0.2 ° C, humidity 47 ⁇ 3%, and emissivity 0.98.
- An infrared meter (TGS sensor) and a radiation thermometer were placed at a distance of 30 cm from the sample, and the amount of far-infrared rays (wavelength? ⁇ 30 m) and surface temperature were measured. Table 4 shows the results.
- the carbon heating element produced in Example 7 was energized to When the temperature exceeded 150 ° C, energization was stopped, and the amount of far-infrared rays at each temperature in the natural cooling process was measured.
- Example 8 The measurement conditions were an ambient temperature of 19 to 20 ° C, humidity of 45.7 ⁇ 2%, and emissivity of 0.98. The measurement was performed in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the PZT sensor was used as the infrared quantification meter. Table 4 shows the results. Comparative Example 1
- the glass-like carbon fiber used in Example 1 was used as a heating element without being coated with quartz glass.
- Example 2 Using the same apparatus as in Example 1, the time to disconnection when the surface temperature of the heating element was maintained at 1000 ° C was examined.
- a carbon heating element was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a first-class hard glass tube (outer diameter: 5 mm, inner diameter: 3 mm) was used instead of the quartz glass tube.
- the first-class hard glass tube was softened in the process of raising the surface temperature to 1000 ° C. In addition, it was broken into pieces when poured into water at 15 ° C.
- Example 1 25 cm of the carbon fiber used in Example 1 was diluted with methanol. It was immersed in a resin-type phenolic resin (synthesized with ammonia catalyst, resin solid content: 10wt), air was removed from the fiber, and then dried in air for 24 hours. Next, this was placed in an electric furnace, heated from room temperature to 100 ° C over 2 hours, and cured from 100 ° C to 150 ° C over 5 hours. Further, the temperature was raised to 250 ° C over 1 hour, and the temperature was maintained for 1 hour. Then, argon gas was flowed, and the temperature was raised to 350 ° C for 2 hours, 500 ° C for 5 hours, and 1000 ° C for 10 hours, and maintained at this temperature for 1 hour. A carbon heating element was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the obtained carbon-carbon composite (density: 1.55 g / cm 3 ) was used.
- the obtained carbon heating element was energized, and the time until disconnection when the surface temperature was maintained at 1000 ° C in air was measured. Table 1 shows the results.
- a heating element was formed in the same manner as in Example 6 except that a 0.3-minute diameter chrome wire was cut to a length at which the apparent resistance value became 50 ⁇ , wound in a lacquer shape, and placed in a quartz glass tube. Manufactured.
- Example 6 Using a commercially available halogen heater (length 36 cm, diameter lcm), average surface power and power consumption as in Example 6. The power was measured. Table 3 shows the results.
- Example 1 No change No change Devitrification in 24 hours
- Example 2 No change No change Devitrification in 24 hours
- Example 3 No change No change 24 hours Post devitrification
- Example 4 No change No change Devitrification after 24 hours
- Example 5 No change No change Devitrification after 24 hours Comparative Example 1 Disconnection after 7 hours
- the surface temperature of the quartz glass tube did not exceed 430 ° C at the maximum voltage of 100V.
- the carbon heating element was able to maintain the same temperature with less power consumption than a heating element using nickel or the like.
- the carbon heating element using carbon fiber cloth is about 25 to 50% less than the heating element using nickel (Comparative Example 4) or the halogen heater (Comparative Example 5). The same temperature could be maintained with low power.
- the carbon heating element using carbon fiber cloth (Example 7) was able to increase the specific resistance by about 50 times compared to the heating element using nickel (Comparative Example 4).
- Table 4 Far-infrared ray amount at each temperature (W / m 2 ) Surface temperature (° C)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000546553A JP3543174B2 (ja) | 1998-04-28 | 1999-04-27 | 炭素発熱体およびその製造方法 |
US09/674,467 US6501056B1 (en) | 1998-04-28 | 1999-04-27 | Carbon heating element and method of manufacturing the same |
EP99917192A EP1076474A4 (en) | 1998-04-28 | 1999-04-27 | CARBON HEATING ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME |
CA002328622A CA2328622C (en) | 1998-04-28 | 1999-04-27 | Carbon heating element and method of manufacturing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP10/134324 | 1998-04-28 | ||
JP13432498 | 1998-04-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1999056502A1 true WO1999056502A1 (fr) | 1999-11-04 |
Family
ID=15125667
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1999/002251 WO1999056502A1 (fr) | 1998-04-28 | 1999-04-27 | Element chauffant en carbone et son procede de fabrication |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6501056B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1076474A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3543174B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100394981B1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2328622C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1999056502A1 (ja) |
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- 1999-04-27 CA CA002328622A patent/CA2328622C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-04-27 JP JP2000546553A patent/JP3543174B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-04-27 US US09/674,467 patent/US6501056B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP3543174B2 (ja) | 2004-07-14 |
KR20010071179A (ko) | 2001-07-28 |
EP1076474A4 (en) | 2005-03-30 |
CA2328622C (en) | 2003-07-08 |
US6501056B1 (en) | 2002-12-31 |
KR100394981B1 (ko) | 2003-08-19 |
CA2328622A1 (en) | 1999-11-04 |
EP1076474A1 (en) | 2001-02-14 |
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