WO1999060550A2 - Display device and method for visualizing computer generated image information - Google Patents
Display device and method for visualizing computer generated image information Download PDFInfo
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- WO1999060550A2 WO1999060550A2 PCT/SE1999/000841 SE9900841W WO9960550A2 WO 1999060550 A2 WO1999060550 A2 WO 1999060550A2 SE 9900841 W SE9900841 W SE 9900841W WO 9960550 A2 WO9960550 A2 WO 9960550A2
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- Prior art keywords
- electrodes
- display
- temperature
- resistive spacer
- resistive
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/0147—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on thermo-optic effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
- G09F9/301—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements flexible foldable or roll-able electronic displays, e.g. thin LCD, OLED
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
- H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
- H04M1/0202—Portable telephone sets, e.g. cordless phones, mobile phones or bar type handsets
- H04M1/026—Details of the structure or mounting of specific components
- H04M1/0266—Details of the structure or mounting of specific components for a display module assembly
- H04M1/0268—Details of the structure or mounting of specific components for a display module assembly including a flexible display panel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
- G09G3/2011—Display of intermediate tones by amplitude modulation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
- G09G3/2014—Display of intermediate tones by modulation of the duration of a single pulse during which the logic level remains constant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
- H04M1/72—Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection
- H04M1/724—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones
- H04M1/72403—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality
- H04M1/7243—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality with interactive means for internal management of messages
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M2250/00—Details of telephonic subscriber devices
- H04M2250/16—Details of telephonic subscriber devices including more than one display unit
Definitions
- the present invention refers to a display for digital/analogous visualization of computer stored and bitmapped still or moving images on or by means of at least one visualization medium, the display consisting of a matrix including at least two sets of individually addressable electrodes, being arranged in rows and columns having crossing points and being connected to at least one control unit, for multiplexing, scanning or pulsating control signals from the control unit, whereby a temperature variation is obtained in the crossing points of the electrodes, which temperature variation is conducted towards a medium, substantially including a thermosensitive indication means for transforming the temperature change to visible dots.
- thermosensitive display medium where the medium becomes transparent when heated and opaque when cooled down or when heated above a certain temperature.
- the thermosensitive material of such a medium is also referred to as a thermochromatic material.
- the visualization materials used in thermosensitive displays are generally liquid crystals, for example encapsulated liquid crystals, which become transparent when heated, thus enabling incident light to be transmitted through the medium.
- the international patent application WO 94/26528 discloses a display for the visualization of still or moving images, where temperature changes are produced by a pattern of resistive elements and transformed to visible dots in a visualization medium.
- the display comprises a matrix having at least two sets of electrodes, which sets cross each other and are distanced from each other by means of at least one resistive and/or inductive spacer means.
- the electrodes are arranged in rows and columns, which do not necessarily have to be perpendicular to each other.
- the matrix is further connected to at least one control device for multiplexing, scanning or pulsating the control signals.
- the electrodes are individually addressable according to the electric signals from the control unit and are arranged so that, when the selected electrodes in both sets of electrodes are energized, temperature changes are obtained at the cross points of the charged electrodes.
- the temperature changes (heat) are conducted towards the display medium, which comprises a thermosensitive indication means, such as a layer, a body or the like.
- thermosensitive material layer which can reversibly repeat turbid (opaque) and transparent conditions by being heated to different temperatures, and can keep one of the conditions stably below a particular temperature.
- the thermosensitive material layer is backed by a colored layer, another layer and a background panel. At least one of the mentioned layers is colored in different color patterns.
- the temperature of the thermosensitive material layer is controlled for displaying an image in a combination of different colors.
- the document WO 92/01565 discloses an erasable optical display medium for colored visual information, which display medium comprises a substrate carrying a heat-sensitive film which can be converted to different optical states (opaque/transparent) under the influence of temperature. These states are permanent at normal ambient temperature
- the display medium is designed to have a matrix of dots, the dots being combined into groups of four dots, where each of the four dots has a different primary color (e.g., red, yellow, blue or black). If the heat-sensitive film over a dot is converted, by appropriate warming, to the transparent state, the dot underlying the film becomes visible. This makes it possible to display colored data on the display medium.
- US 3,637,291 shows a display in which enclosed liquid crystals are used as image carrying medium, which crystals have two optical states, i.e., a first translucent state and
- the crystal layer becomes translucent first when it is exposed to a momentary electric field, since the visible image is created by increasing the temperature in the desired points, which become opaque.
- This device consists of many parts to be controlled, and the control method includes several stages for production of a visible dot.
- the visualization means consists of two electrodes with a resistive layer between them.
- a thermochromatic layer is provided between a pigment layer and a transparent polymeric layer.
- the image, such as a digit to be shown, is cut out as a metallic mesh.
- the resistive layer is warmed up.
- the heat is guided to the thermochromatic layer, which becomes is translucent due to the heat, whereby the pigment layer becomes visible.
- This type of display is not flexible, must be formed in a predetermined shape, and cannot show moving images.
- US 3,410,999 discloses a display screen which includes a layer of liquid crystalline material of the cholesteric phase in which a temperature image is applied thereto according
- the display according to this document uses a liquid crystalline material of the cholesteric phase in which the brightness of the display is proportional to the amount of viewing light including ambient lighting directed onto the screen.
- the liquid crystalline material of the cholesteric phase exhibits curious changes in light reflecting
- the display uses the changes in reflectivity (changes in color).
- the display also needs a cooling arrangement. Summary of the Invention It is an object of the present invention to provide an information display device and a method for visualizing computer generated image information, while minimizing the energy used for this process. A further object of the invention is to provide an information display device for visualizing computer generated image information, which is capable of displaying an image using gradual color-scale or grey-scale.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a display for still and moving images, for example, consisting of characters and/or patterns, which display can be manufactured in a simple way and with low cost.
- the display has few parts and can be flexible for certain applications, such as for wound types.
- an important object of the present invention is to provide an information display device and a method for visualizing computer generated image information using novel type of heating elements, having self regulating feature.
- an information display device includes as main components a thermosensitive material layer which can be gradually converted between a first optic state and a second optic state under the influence of temperature; an electrode matrix; and a control device for multiplexing, scanning or pulsating control signals to the individually addressable electrodes, possibly together with a colored backing layer.
- the resistive spacer consist of a conducting material exhibiting a resistance change at a predefined temperature.
- Figure la in perspective shows a first embodiment of a portion of a visualization means according to the invention, with the visualization medium partly folded;
- Figure lb shows a section along the line A- A in Figure la;
- Figure 2a shows a perspective view of another embodiment of a portion of a matrix included in the device
- Figure 2b is a cross section along the line B-B in Figure 2a;
- Figure 3, 4 and 5b show an enlarged cross section through the electrodes of the matrix having different types, forms and properties
- Figure 5a shows a perspective view of a part of the upper electrode used in Figure 5b;
- Figure 6 is a perspective view of a embodiment of the resistive spacers arranged between the electrodes
- Figure 7a shows in perspective an additional embodiment of the resistive spacers
- Figure 7b shows a cross section along the line C-C in Figure 7a
- Figure 8a shows in perspective a matrix arranged with transistors
- Figure 8b shows an enlarged view of the transistor of the matrix
- Figure 9a is a perspective view of a part of a matrix having translucent electrodes in both sets of the electrodes
- Figure 9b shows a cross section through a crossing point of the matrix according to Figure 9a;
- Figure 10 shows a view, analogous to Figure 1, of a modified embodiment
- Figure 11 shows an elevation view of a part of a matrix with woven design
- Figure 12 shows in perspective the matrix disclosed in Figure 11 ;
- Figure 13 shows in an elevation view of another embodiment showing a part of a matrix
- Figure 14 shows, in perspective the part shown in Figure 13;
- Figure 15 shows, in perspective, an electrode matrix for a double-sided display
- Figure 15a shows, in plan view, the interconnection of the electrodes in the electrode matrix of Figure 15;
- Figure 16 shows, in perspective, utilization of the visualization means for shelf marking;
- Figure 17 shows an application of a display according to the invention in a mobile telephone
- Figure 18 is a graph showing a heating method according to the invention.
- Figure 19 is a plan view of the side of the matrix on which terminal strips are arranged;
- Figure 20a is a graph showing voltage modulated pulses according to the invention.
- Figure 20b is a graph showing duration modulated pulses according to the invention.
- Figure 21 is a schematic view of one embodiment.
- Figure 22 is a schematic view of another embodiment.
- Figure 23 is a graph showing temperature-resistivity relationship of a resistive spacer or heating element according to the invention. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment
- the visualization means consist of a matrix 1 , including a resistive spacer means shaped as a plate 2 made of semiconductor material.
- a first set of electrodes 4 are provided in parallel rows on the one flat side of the plate 2, and another set of electrodes 5 are provided likewise in parallel rows, but arranged substantially perpendicular to the first set of the electrodes and placed on the other flat side of the plate 2.
- the sets of electrodes 4, 5 are consequently provided in X and Y coordinates, but the angles between these do not need to be 90 degrees, but can have other magnitudes. All electrodes are connected to control units 6, e.g., integrated driving circuits, which are programmed so that each electrode of the first set of electrodes 4 is individually connectable to a voltage source U, while each electrode in the other set of electrodes 5 is individually connectable to ground. For example, if the electrodes 5b and 5d are connected to the voltage U and the electrode 4b is connected to ground via the resistive plate 2, in the crossing point between said electrodes in the plate, heat is produced within a limited space 7, which is shown with the cylinder.
- the heat is distributed to the heat surface 3 of the matrix 1, while its opposite surface is insulated against the heat by means of an insulating plate 10.
- the control of the matrix can be arranged by multiplexing the voltage signals.
- the control voltage to the electrodes can be pulsated. That is, each selected crossing point arranged to show a dot is pulsated with an amount of energy per time unit so that its generated heat remains until the screen is updated next time.
- the pulsating can be carried out by addressing each point continuously with voltage and/or current pulses, switching on/off the dot by changing the dot address or multiplexing or scanning.
- wire or ribbon shaped electrodes it is also possible to make the electrodes 4, 5 by printing an electric conducting medium, for example, silver dye, water/glass or the like.
- a visualization medium 8 When the visualization means is used as a display or the like, a visualization medium 8 is placed in a heat conducting contact against this.
- the visualization medium 8 partly comprises a temperature sensitive indication layer 8a, which transforms the spot heat to a visible dot 9, for example, as a color change, and partly a heat receiving surface 8b. It is also possible to show the visualized pattern in color by controlling the voltage to the electrodes, by means of the control unit 6 and thereby the temperature in the crossing points of the electrodes.
- a reversible thermodye is used as a temperature sensitive indication layer 8a, which in respect of the temperature assumes different colors.
- the semiconductor plate is replaced by semiconductor pellets 11 , possibly provided in a poor heat conducting plate (not shown) whereby a more distinct spot heat is received by the heat emitting surface 3.
- the electrodes are arranged in different ways, but even their cross-section can have a form adapted for the application.
- the electrodes in Figure 3 have circular cross-sections, and one of the electrodes 4 of the set of the electrodes is placed inside the pellet 11 and the plate 2, respectively. From Figure 4, it appears that the plate 2 or the pellets 11 can be divided in two parts, whereby in one lower part, the electrode 4 is inserted and the part consists of a semiconductor material, while the upper part 12 forms a good heat conductor, which transports the heat to the visualization medium 8. If needed, the electrodes can also be given a certain form, such as the one shown in Figure 5b.
- Figure 6 shows an embodiment in which the resistive spacer 11 extends over several electrodes 4a - 4d in a set of electrodes.
- the resistive spacer 2 has a strong radial area reduction 13, which causes a notable increase of the resistance, which in turn results in heat generation in this part.
- the spot heating of the matrix 1 may also be achieved by providing it with transistors 16, in accordance with the embodiment shown in Figures 8a and 8b, where 17 designates the base of the transistor, 18 the emitter, 19 the collector and 20 the resistor.
- the transistors are first used as local heating sources, which emit their heat to the heat emitting surface 3 of the matrix, which consist of several cone or pyramid shaped elevations for each transistor.
- At least some of the electrodes 4' and 5' and/or the resistive layer 2' in a matrix can be formed as a symbol (or signs) 30 or some parts of symbols.
- the termosensitive layer 8' is then applied homogeneously which under influence of the heat from the resistive layer 2' produces the symbol.
- the electrodes are connected to the control unit 6.
- some "pixels" as signs to reduce the number of the electrodes and still obtain dynamic symbols wherever they are needed on a display.
- At least some section 31 of the display is shaped as an area similar (or close) to the size of a symbol 30.
- the actual symbol is obtained in the actual thermosenstive layer 8", e.g. through printing, cutting, punching etc.
- the electrodes 4" and 5 " and the resistive layer 2" are arranged without any special form.
- the visualization medium 8 is integrated in the plate shaped resistant spacer 2.
- the temperature sensitive, reversible indication materials 8a which can be micro-encapsulated liquid crystals or polymer dispersed liquid crystals or leuco dye pigments., are by means of a binding agent, such as a semiconducting plastic material, integrated into a plate 2, against which the set of electrodes 4, 5 bear on.
- a binding agent such as a semiconducting plastic material
- the resistive or heat producing layer 2 for example can consist of DAP (Diallyl Phthalate, COSMIC PLASTIC INC., USA).
- the layer 2 can also consist of a transparent thermoplastic material, which presently are used in precision potentiometers. The material is applied, e.g., through "screen printing”. It is also possible to adjust different resistance values (ohm/cm).
- the layer 2 can also be made of semiconductor resistive plastics, produced of conducting pigment, e.g., MICA-PIGMENT (MERK Gmbh) or carbon pigment (carbon black or ketjen black from AKZO, NL). Even polyanelin dipped plastics, so-called PANI, in which the molecule chain forms conducting groups (NESTE OY, FI) can be used in the layer 2.
- conducting pigment e.g., MICA-PIGMENT (MERK Gmbh) or carbon pigment (carbon black or ketjen black from AKZO, NL).
- PANI polyanelin dipped plastics, so-called PANI, in which the molecule chain forms conducting groups (NESTE OY, FI) can be used in the layer 2.
- the resistive layer consist of a conducting material exhibiting a resistance change at a predefined temperature (fig. 23). It is an enhancement of materials exhibiting PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) or NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) effect. Due to the PTC effect at a certain temperature, the heating element is "self regulating". When an electric voltage is applied to the electrodes and the resistive layer the current is controlled by the material itself. Consequently, no complex temperature sensing feed back loop is required, nor any complex control equipment with pulsating etc signals is necessary. The power of this heating element is proportional to the area. When a larger element is needed, the same control voltage can be used since the larger area gives more power which is needed for a large pixel.
- the material can be arranged (e.g. through lamination, sputtering etc) between two conducting foils which can be etched to obtain a certain pixel size or shape, punched or cut in desired size/shape. Additionally, the material is flexible and can be used on curved surfaces
- a pigment, dye or foil layer can be used for visualization objects. If the visualization medium 8 changes its optical characteristics (becomes translucent) due to the heat, a pigment layer can be provided under the visualization medium for visibility reasons.
- the dye layer for example, can consist of fluorescent yellow, luminous material or glass beads (3M).
- the thermoindicating layer at room temperature, can be provided with a black, opaque layer, preferably based on pigments of micro-encapsulated liquid crystals or polymer dispersed liquid crystals or leuco dye pigments.
- a black, opaque layer preferably based on pigments of micro-encapsulated liquid crystals or polymer dispersed liquid crystals or leuco dye pigments.
- the embodiment according to Figure 9b can be applicable, in accordance to which a temperature sensitive indication material 8a, e.g., stearin, is used in the bores of the resistant disc 2.
- the indication material due to the heat becomes transparent.
- the visualization is obtained by means of a light source 14 placed behind the matrix, which illuminates through the softened stearin.
- the electrodes 4, 5 must consist of a transparent material. It also shows light dots in firm colors by illuminating a background color or gives the illumination a certain color, which is transmitted through the heated transparent dots.
- the matrix 1 consists of a double-sided circuit board or film, where the board/substrate consists of a semiconductor material 2 and the electrodes on both sides of the board/substrate are of the printed circuit board type.
- the temperature sensitive indication material 8a is arranged in the visualization medium 8, which may be integrated within the matrix 1.
- FIG. 1 1 and 12 An additional embodiment is shown in Figures 1 1 and 12, where the matrix 1 consists of a web having conducting wires surrounded by a semiconductor coating 22.
- the wires form the electrodes 4, 5 of the matrix, whereby the electrodes in one set of the electrodes are provided in the warp direction of the web and the electrodes in the other set of the electrodes are in the weft direction of the web.
- the resistive spacers 2 consist of the semiconductor coating 22.
- Figure 15 schematically shows a section through an embodiment consisting of three electrode layers 4, 5 and 23.
- the display can be used for double-sided visualization of information.
- the resistive layer 2 is arranged between the electrode layers 4 and 5 and between the electrode layers 5 and 23.
- the visualization - medium 8 is arranged on the electrode layers 4 and 23.
- each electrode 4 for example, from right to left on one side of the display is connected to same control voltage as the electrodes 23 on the other side of the display, but from left to right. If translucent electrodes are used, one surface of the electrodes 5 or the heat generating layer can be covered with a color or pigment layer 24.
- the matrix can be formed according to the embodiment shown in Figures 13 and 14.
- the matrix is made of very thin conductors connected to the connection plates 21.
- Figure 17 shows a second application of a display unit according to the invention.
- the display 24 in this case consists of thin and flexible electrodes, for example, of semiconductor plastic or metallic stripes. Also the visualization medium and the resistive, heat generating layer are of some flexible material, which enables the display 25 to be wound in a roll 27, for example, inside a mobile telephone 26.
- the display 25 according to this embodiment can be used to receive long messages, drawings or the like. When a message package is read, the display 25 is rolled out.
- a mobile telephone is provided with a facsimile receiver/transmitter, if a message with drawings/text is sent to the user of the portable/mobile telephone, the user can roll out the screen, read the message and store it on a thermopaper by pressing the paper against the screen.
- Figure 17a shows a cross section through the telephone 26 according to Figure 17 with a part of the display
- the entire display surface can be warmed up and the indication can occur through switching off (cooling) the areas to be visualized.
- the screen can also be provided with base heating, i.e., the dots are warmed up to a certain threshold level, which causes faster "lighting" of the dots and thereby uses less energy and consumes less time.
- a diode is arranged at each of said cross points and in parallel with the heating means
- An alternative embodiment comprises not shown driving means, arranged at each of said cross points, where the driving means energize only the corresponding heating means.
- the screen may be heated.
- the problem can be solved by using an efficient cooling, or by decreasing the amount of the supplied energy by measuring and adjusting the temperature.
- the temperature measurement can be provided through a special sensor unit or measurement of resistance alterations in the heat generating layer.
- the temperature sensitive indication layer 8a is heated to any intermediate temperature between the temperature at which the indication layer 8a is fully transparent by means of controlling the amount of heat generated.
- the amount of heat generated is
- 15 pulsating can be done by addressing each point continuously with voltage and/or current pulses, switching on/off the dot by changing the dot address or multiplexing or scanning.
- the scanning of the matrix 1 can be performed either sequentially, i.e., each row of electrodes is scanned in sequence, or non-sequentially, when every n* row is scanned and then, after completing the whole display sheet, scanning every n ⁇ plus one row.
- the pulse can be modulated by amplitude or pulse width, as is shown in Figures 20a and 20b.
- two pulses of the same time duration i.e., t,-t 0 equals t 2 -t,
- t,-t 0 equals t 2 -t
- U maximum pulse voltage
- U 2 maximum pulse voltage
- the electrode sets are fed electrical current from terminal points situated at a center section of the matrix 1, as is shown in Figure 19.
- Terminal strips 90 feed the first set of electrodes 4 and terminal strips 100 feed the second set of electrodes 5.
- the information display devices are advantageously arranged as a multitude of information display devices, in one plane and with all devices facing the same direction with their respective indication layers, thus providing large size display boards all sharing the same image control device.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99928313A EP1097442A2 (en) | 1998-05-15 | 1999-05-17 | Display device and method for visualizing computer generated image information |
AU45408/99A AU4540899A (en) | 1998-05-15 | 1999-05-17 | Display device and method for visualizing computer generated image information |
CA002332449A CA2332449A1 (en) | 1998-05-15 | 1999-05-17 | Display device and method for visualizing computer generated image information |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/079,659 US6229514B1 (en) | 1995-11-13 | 1998-05-15 | Display device and method for visualizing computer generated image information |
US09/079,659 | 1998-05-15 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1999060550A2 true WO1999060550A2 (en) | 1999-11-25 |
WO1999060550A3 WO1999060550A3 (en) | 2000-02-17 |
WO1999060550A8 WO1999060550A8 (en) | 2000-04-27 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/SE1999/000841 WO1999060550A2 (en) | 1998-05-15 | 1999-05-17 | Display device and method for visualizing computer generated image information |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6229514B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1097442A2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU4540899A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2332449A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999060550A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (18)
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US6643124B1 (en) * | 2000-08-09 | 2003-11-04 | Peter J. Wilk | Multiple display portable computing devices |
GB2384609B (en) * | 2000-10-23 | 2004-09-08 | Motorola Inc | Double-sided viewable display with switchable transflector |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1999060550A8 (en) | 2000-04-27 |
WO1999060550A3 (en) | 2000-02-17 |
CA2332449A1 (en) | 1999-11-25 |
AU4540899A (en) | 1999-12-06 |
EP1097442A2 (en) | 2001-05-09 |
US6229514B1 (en) | 2001-05-08 |
US20020003526A1 (en) | 2002-01-10 |
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