WO2000000680A1 - Cloth-like nonwoven webs made from thermoplastic polymers - Google Patents
Cloth-like nonwoven webs made from thermoplastic polymers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000000680A1 WO2000000680A1 PCT/US1999/014739 US9914739W WO0000680A1 WO 2000000680 A1 WO2000000680 A1 WO 2000000680A1 US 9914739 W US9914739 W US 9914739W WO 0000680 A1 WO0000680 A1 WO 0000680A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- fillers
- weight
- nonwoven web
- amount
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/04—Pigments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
- D04H1/4291—Olefin series
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
- D04H1/4334—Polyamides
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
- D04H1/43825—Composite fibres
- D04H1/43828—Composite fibres sheath-core
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
- D04H1/43825—Composite fibres
- D04H1/4383—Composite fibres sea-island
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
- D04H1/43825—Composite fibres
- D04H1/43832—Composite fibres side-by-side
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
- D04H1/43838—Ultrafine fibres, e.g. microfibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2927—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including structurally defined particulate matter
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2929—Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/637—Including strand or fiber material which is a monofilament composed of two or more polymeric materials in physically distinct relationship [e.g., sheath-core, side-by-side, islands-in-sea, fibrils-in-matrix, etc.] or composed of physical blend of chemically different polymeric materials or a physical blend of a polymeric material and a filler material
- Y10T442/642—Strand or fiber material is a blend of polymeric material and a filler material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/68—Melt-blown nonwoven fabric
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/681—Spun-bonded nonwoven fabric
Definitions
- the present invention is generally directed to cloth-like nonwoven webs. More particularly, the present invention is directed to a process for increasing the softness and decreasing the stiffness of nonwoven webs made from thermoplastic polymers and to a composition which produces softer webs with low luster.
- thermoplastic polymers such as polypropylene and polyethylene.
- spunbond webs which are used to make diapers, disposable garments, personal care articles, and the like, are made by spinning a polymeric resin into fibers, such as filaments, and then thermally bonding the fibers together.
- the polymeric resin is typically first heated to at least its softening temperature and then extruded through a spinnerette to form fibers, which can then be subsequently fed through a fiber draw unit. From the fiber draw unit, the fibers are spread onto a foraminous surface where they are formed into a web of material.
- meltblown fabrics are made by extruding a molten polymeric material through a die to form fibers. As the fibers exit the die, a high pressure fluid, such as heated air or steam, attenuates and breaks the fibers into discontinuous fibers of small diameter. The fibers are randomly deposited onto a foraminous surface to form a web.
- a high pressure fluid such as heated air or steam
- Spunbond and meltblown fabrics have proven to be very useful for many diverse applications.
- the webs are often used to construct liquid absorbent products, such as diapers, feminine hygiene products, and wiper products.
- the nonwoven webs are also useful in producing disposable garments, various hospital products, such as pads, curtains, and shoe covers and recreational fabrics, such as tent covers.
- polyester synthetic fibers having an irregular uneven random surface formed by microfine recesses and projections to provide more natural feeling fibers.
- the microfine recesses and projections are produced by incorporating into the fibers silica in a size ranging from 10 to 150 microns and in an amount so as to produce surface projections. It is taught that the surface projections effectively increase the surface area of the fibers and contribute to greater frictional forces, which reduce the slick, waxy feel that is typically associated with plastic resins.
- nonwoven fabric or web means a web having a structure of individual fibers or threads which are interlaid, but not in an identifiable manner as in a knitted fabric.
- Nonwoven fabrics or webs have been formed from many processes, such as for example, melblowing processes, spunbonding processes, and bonded carded web processes.
- the basis weight of nonwoven fabrics is usually expressed in ounces of material per square yard (osy) or grams per square meter (gsm) and the fiber diameters useful are usually expressed in micros. (Note that to convert from osy to gsm, multiply osy by 33.91).
- spunbond fibers refers to small diameter fibers which are formed by extruding molten thermoplastic material as filaments from a plurality of fine, usually circular capillaries of a spinnerette with the diameter of the extruded filaments then being rapidly reduced as by, for example, in U.S. Patent No.
- Spunbond fibers are generally continuous and have diameters larger than 7 microns, more particularly, between about 10 and 20 microns.
- the term "meltblown fibers” means fibers formed by extruding a molten thermoplastic material through a plurality of fine, usually circular, die capillaries as molten threads or filaments into converging high velocity gas (e.g. air) streams which attenuate the filaments of molten thermoplastic material to reduce their diameter, which may be to microfiber diameter. Thereafter, the meltblown fibers are carried by the high velocity gas stream and are deposited on a collecting surface to form a web of randomly disbursed meltblown fibers. Such a process is disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 3,849,241 to Butin. Meltblown fibers are microfibers which may be continuous or discontinuous, are generally smaller than 10 microns in diameter, and are generally tacky and self adherent when deposited onto a collecting surface.
- polymer generally includes but is not limited to, homopolymers, copolymers, such as for example, block, graft, random and alternating copolymers, terpolymers, etc. and blends and modifications thereof.
- machine direction means the length of a fabric in the direction in which it is produced.
- cross machine direction means the width of fabric, i.e. a direction generally perpendicular to the MD.
- homopolymer fiber refers to the fiber or part of a fiber formed from one extruder using only one polymer. This is not meant to exclude fibers formed from one polymer to which small amounts of additives have been added for coloration, anti-static properties, lubrication, hydrophilicity, etc. These additives, e.g. titanium dioxide for coloration, are generally present in an amount less than 5 weight percent and more typically about 2 weight percent.
- homopolymer is also not meant to exclude a fiber formed from two or more extruders wherein both of the extruders contain the same polymer.
- bicomponent fibers refers to fibers which have been formed from at least two polymers extruded from separate extruders but spun together to form one fiber. Bicomponent fibers are also sometimes referred to as multicomponent fibers.
- the polymers are usually different from each other though bicomponent fibers may be homopolymer fibers.
- the polymers are arranged in substantially constantly positioned distinct zones across the cross- section of the bicomponent fibers and extended along the length of the bicomponent fibers.
- the configuration of such a bicomponent fiber may be, for example, a sheath/core arrangement wherein one polymer is surrounded by another or may be a side by side arrangement or an "islands-in-the-sea" arrangement.
- Bicomponent fibers are taught in U.S. Patent No. 5,108,820 to Kaneko. et al.. U.S.
- the polymers may be present in ratios of 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 or any other desired ratios.
- biconstituent fibers refers to fibers which have been formed from at least two polymers extruded from the same extruder as a blend.
- blend is defined below.
- Biconstituent fibers do not have the various polymer components arranged in relatively constantly positioned distinct zones across the cross-sectional area of the fiber and the various polymers are usually not continuous along the entire length of the fiber, instead usually forming fibrils or protofibrils which start and end at random.
- Biconstituent fibers are sometimes also referred to as multiconstituent fibers. Fibers of this general type are discussed in, for example, U.S. Patent No. 5,108,827 to Gessner.
- blend means a mixture of two or more polymers while the term “alloy” means a sub-class of blends wherein the components are immiscible but have been compaticilized.
- miscibility and miscibility are defined as blends having negative and positive values, respectively, for the free energy of mixing.
- compatibilization is defined as the process of modifying the interfacial properties of an immiscible polymer blend in order to make an alloy.
- the present invention recognizes and addresses the foregoing drawbacks and deficiencies of prior art constructions and methods. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved composition for producing more cloth-like fibrous webs from thermoplastic polymers.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide more cloth-like fibers, webs and laminates made from thermoplastic polymers by incorporating into the polymers a mixture of fillers.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide more cloth-like fibers, webs and laminates made from a thermoplastic polymer by incorporating into the polymer a mixture of mineral fillers, such as kaolin clay or calcium carbonate, and titanium dioxide.
- mineral fillers such as kaolin clay or calcium carbonate, and titanium dioxide.
- Other mineral fillers that may be used in the process include talc, gypsum, diatomaceous earth, other natural or synthetic clays, and mixtures thereof. Particular clays that may be used in the present invention besides kaolin, include attapulgite clay, bentonite clay, or montomorillonite clay.
- the fibers are formed by extruding the thermoplastic polymeric material.
- the nonwoven web can be made from meltblown fibers or spunbond fibers.
- the thermoplastic polymeric material used to make the fibers can be, for instance, a polyolefin, a polyamide, such as nylon, a polyester, a mixture of the above polymers, and copolymers of the above polymers such as copolymers comprising propylene units.
- the thermoplastic polymer is polypropylene or a copolymer containing polypropylene.
- the amount of fillers added to the thermoplastic polymeric material will generally depend upon the particular application.
- the mineral filler should be added to the polymeric material in an amount up to about 10% by weight, while the titanium dioxide can be added to the polymeric material in an amount up to about 4% by weight. More particularly, for most applications, the mineral filler will be added to the polymeric material in an amount from about 2.5% by weight to about 5% by weight, while the titanium dioxide will be added in an amount from about 1% by weight to about 2% by weight.
- the fillers should be added to the polymer in an amount insufficient for the fillers to substantially protrude from the surface of the fibers. For instance, the surface of the fibers should not become rough due to the presence of the fillers.
- the fillers can be added to the polymer in combination with a vehicle, such as a low molecular weight wax.
- vehicle can be a wax that is blended with the fillers prior to being added to the polymeric material.
- the wax can be, for instance, a low density, low molecular weight, polyethylene or polypropylene.
- the wax can be mixed with the fillers in an amount of about 50% by weight.
- the nonwoven webs are softer and less stiff.
- the fillers also only minimally affect the strength or abrasion resistance of the nonwoven web or the fibers used to make the web. It has been further discovered that the fillers also improve the thermal aging stability of the web, which refers to the ability of the web to withstand high temperatures for a prolonged period of time without degrading.
- the fibers produced according to the present invention are designed to produce cloth-like webs useful for many diverse applications.
- the fibers are made from a thermoplastic polymer containing a mixture of fillers.
- the fillers include titanium dioxide and at least one mineral filler.
- the fillers are encapsulated within the thermoplastic polymer and are added in an amount insufficient for the fillers to protrude from the surface of the fibers.
- the fibers produced can be discontinuous or continuous fibers and can be made according to a meltblown process or a spunbond process.
- the present invention is directed to cloth-like webs made from thermoplastic polymers and to a process for producing the webs.
- the nonwoven webs are made from thermoplastic polymeric fibers.
- a mixture of fillers is incorporated into the thermoplastic polymer that is used to make the fibers.
- the mixture of fillers not only makes nonwoven webs made from the fibers appear like cloth, but also provides the nonwoven webs with cloth-like properties.
- the mixture of fillers added to the thermoplastic polymer has been found to produce nonwoven webs that are softer and less stiff than webs made from polymers not containing the fillers.
- the nonwoven webs also have improved thermal aging stability, which refers to the ability of the web to withstand high temperatures for prolonged periods of time without degrading. It is believed that the fillers, in some applications, can also make the webs odor absorbent. Further, it has been discovered that the fillers do not adversely affect the strength of the webs, the abrasion resistance of the webs, and the bonding characteristics and fiber spinning characteristics of the polymer.
- Nonwoven webs made according to the present invention can be used in many different applications.
- the nonwoven webs are well suited for use in such products as diapers, feminine hygiene products, wipers, towels, industrial garments, medical garments, medical drapes, medical gowns, foot covers, sterilization wraps, and various other products.
- the base webs can be used alone or can be combined with other webs to form laminates.
- the nonwoven webs are used as facing fabrics for diapers and personal care articles. It should be understood, however, that the above listed goods are merely exemplary and that the base webs can be used in various other applications.
- the mixture of fillers that is incorporated into a thermoplastic polymer in accordance with the present invention is a combination of titanium dioxide and at least one mineral filler.
- the mineral filler is preferably kaolin clay (which contains aluminum silicate hydroxide), calcium carbonate, talc, or attapulgite clay (which contains hydrated aluminum-magnesium silicate). It is believed, however, that many other mineral fillers may be used in the present invention including, for instance, synthetic clays. A single mineral filler or a combination of mineral fillers may be combined with the titanium dioxide and incorporated into the polymer.
- ECC 90 is a delaminated 0.45 micron kaolin
- ECC 195 and ECC 360 have an average particle size of 0.25 microns and 0.45 microns respectively.
- ECC A-TEX 501 Ultra which has demonstrated the best results thus far, is an anhydrous kaolin with an average particle size of about 0.2 microns.
- ECC A-TEX 501 Ultra is virtually moisture free.
- kaolin materials include MIRAGLOSS 91 and ULTRAGLOSS 90, which are available from Engelhard Corporation of Iselin, New Jersey.
- Another kaolin material that has also performed very well is ANSILEX 93, which is also commercially available from the Engelhard Corporation.
- ANSILEX 93 is a calcined kaolin with 90% of the particles having a size of less than 2 microns.
- MAGNIUMGLOSS available from the Mississippi Lime Company of Genevieve, Missouri; ALBAGLOSS, available from Speciality Minerals, Inc. of New York, New York; and OMYACARB available from OMYA, Inc. of Proctor, Vermont.
- MAGNIUMGLOSS calcium carbonate has a aragonite structure
- ALBAGLOSS calcium carbonate has a calcite structure
- OMYACARB is a mined and surface treated calcium carbonate.
- An example of a commercially available attapulgite clay that may be used in the present invention is ATTAGEL 50 which is marketed by the Engelhard Corporation. ATTAGEL 50 has an average particle size of about 0.1 microns and experiences about 12% weight loss at 105 °C.
- the mineral filler used in the present invention can have various particle sizes and morphologies.
- the properties of fibers made according to the present invention can be varied by varying the type of mineral filler used.
- a particular mineral filler can be chosen having a selected particle size and morphology for producing fibers and webs having desired characteristics.
- the amount of mineral filler and titanium dioxide added to the polymeric material in producing fibers and webs in accordance with the present invention can also vary.
- the mixture of fillers should be added to the polymeric material in an amount so that the fillers become encapsulated within fibers made from the polymeric material.
- the fillers should not substantially protrude from the surface of the fiber formed from the polymer.
- the amount added will depend upon the particular fillers used, the morphology of the fillers, the particle size of the fillers, the denier of the fibers formed, besides other various factors.
- the mineral filler can be added to the polymer in an amount from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight. More particularly, the mineral filler can be added in an amount from about 2.5% to about 5% by weight.
- the amount of titanium dioxide added to the polymeric material in accordance with the present invention can range from about 0.5% to about 4% by weight, and particularly from about 1% to about 2% by weight.
- One of the primary purposes for adding titanium dioxide to the polymeric material in accordance with the present invention is not only to improve the physical properties of resulting fibers and webs, but also to produce webs having a more cloth-like appearance.
- titanium dioxide can remove the glossy appearance that is normally associated with polymeric webs.
- the titanium dioxide should be present in an amount sufficient to improve the visual appearance of fibers and webs produced from the polymers. Too much titanium dioxide present within the polymer, however, may have an adverse affect upon the softness of webs produced from the polymer.
- the mixture of fillers added to polymers in accordance with the present invention also improves the ability of the polymer to be extruded and drawn into fibers. For instance, it has been discovered that polymers containing the fillers can withstand higher draw forces. Thus far, spunbond fibers have been produced having a denier of from about 1 to about 3 dpf. It is believed, however, that fibers having a denier less than 1 can also be produced.
- mineral fillers and titanium dioxide to a polymeric material in accordance with the present invention
- some mineral fillers, especially some clays when added to a polymer can give the polymer a clay or ecru tone. In some embodiments, this color may be preferred. In other applications, however, it may be desirable to add optical brighteners to the polymer which can make the polymer appear whiter.
- thermoplastic polymer blended with the mixture of fillers in accordance with the present invention can vary and will generally depend upon the particular application. For most applications, a polyolefin polymer is used, such as controlled rheology polypropylene, polyethylene, and copolymers thereof. Other thermoplastic polymers, however, that are well suited for use in the process of the present invention include polyamides such as nylon, polyesters, blends of the above polymers, and copolymers of the above polymers.
- the thermoplastic polymer comprises a blend of polymers, such as controlled rheology polypropylene blended with a polyamide or a reactor grade polypropylene.
- polypropylene is blended with from about 2% to about 5% by weight of a polyamide.
- the polymer combination above is also believed to improve the strength of the fibers and to further improve the cloth-like qualities of the resulting webs. Blending polypropylene with a polyamide to produce strong, soft, nonwoven fabrics is disclosed in U.S. Patent Application No.
- polymers that may be used include PF 305 polypropylene, which is marketed by Montell USA, Inc. of Wilmington, Delaware; E5D47 polypropylene, which is marketed by
- the polymer and filler combination of the present invention can be used to form discontinuous fibers and continuous fibers, which include spunbond filaments. Further, the fibers can be single component fibers or multicomponent fibers, such as bicomponent fibers.
- the mixture of fillers is combined with the thermoplastic polymer prior to or during formation of the fibers.
- the fillers are melt blended with the thermoplastic polymer prior to extruding the polymer into fibers.
- a vehicle such as a wax, may be blended with the filler prior to combining the filler with the polymer.
- wax that may be used in the present invention include low density, low molecular weight polymers, such as polyethylene or polypropylene.
- the vehicle can be mixed with the fillers in a weight ratio of about 1 to 1 prior to addition to the thermoplastic polymer.
- some waxes, such as low density polyethylene have also been discovered to somewhat enhance the softness of the resulting polymer.
- fillers can also be used that are coated with an organic material.
- the filler particles can be coated with stearic acid, which provides better dispersion of the filler in the polymer melt and facilitates production of the fibers.
- the polymer can be formed into fibers according to, for instance, a spunbond process or a meltblown process.
- a spunbond process the polymer and filler blend can be melt-spun into fibers by pumping the polymer blend through a multitude of capillaries arranged in a uniform array of columns and rows.
- the extrusion rate and temperature can vary dramatically depending upon the application, for most applications the polymer blend will be spun at a rate of from about 0.4 g/min. to about 2.5 g/min. and at a temperature of from about 180°C to about 235°C.
- the fibers are attenuated by high velocity air.
- the air creates a draw force on the fibers that draws them down to a desired denier.
- the draw fibers are directed onto a foraminous surface, such as a moving screen or forming wire.
- the fibers are randomly deposited on the foraminous surface so as to form a sheet.
- the sheet can be held on the foraminous surface by a vacuum force.
- the sheet of fibers can then be bonded as desired.
- examples of different methods for bonding the sheet includes thermal point bonding, ultrasonic bonding, hydroentanglement and through-air bonding.
- Thermal point bonding is quite common and involves passing a fabric or web of fibers to be bonded through a heated calender roll and an anvil roll.
- the calender roll is usually patterned in some way so that the entire fabric is not bonded across its entire surface.
- the web can be bonded according to a ribbed knit pattern, a wire weave pattern, a diamond pattern, and the like.
- the resulting web can be post-treated if desired.
- the web can undergo a machine direction orientation process, a creping process, a hydroentanglement process or an embossing process.
- the combination of fillers added to the web in accordance with the present invention further improve the appearance of a web after any of the above post-treatment processes, especially in relation to webs that contain only titanium dioxide.
- after post-treatment it has been discovered that the webs appear more cloth-like than conventional webs.
- the polymer blend of the present invention can also be used to produce meltblown fabrics.
- Meltblown fabrics can be produced by extruding the polymer blend through a die to form fibers.
- a high pressure fluid such as heated air or steam, can be used to attenuate the molten polymer fibers.
- Surrounding cool air can then be induced into the hot air stream for cooling and solidifying the fibers.
- the fibers are then randomly deposited onto a foraminous surface to form a web. Since the fibers can be partially melted when deposited onto the foraminous surface, the web has initial integrity. If desired, however, the web can be additionally bonded, similar to the bonding process described above regarding the formation of spunbond webs.
- the present invention may be better understood with reference to the following examples.
- Basis Weight is the mass of material per unit area and is measured according to ASTM test number D3776-96 Option C. Basis weight is measured in ounces/yard 2 .
- the Grab Tensile test is a measure of breaking strength and elongation or strain of a fabric when subjected to unidirectional stress. This test is known in the art and conforms to the specifications of Method 5100 of the Federal Test Methods Standard No. 191 A. The results are expressed in pounds or grams to break and percent stretch before breakage. Higher numbers indicate a stronger, more stretchable fabric.
- load means the maximum load or force, expressed in units of weight, required to break or rupture the specimen in a tensile test.
- strain or “total energy” means the total energy under a load versus elongation curve as expressed in weight-length units.
- elongation means the increase in length of a specimen during a tensile test.
- the grab tensile test uses two clamps, each having two jaws with each jaw having a facing in contact with the sample.
- the clamps hold the material in the same plane, usually vertically, separated by 3 inches (76 mm) and move apart at a specified rate of extension.
- Values for grab tensile strength and grab elongation are obtained using a sample size of 4 inches (102 mm) by 6 inches (152 mm), with a jaw facing size of 1 inch (25 mm) by 1 inch, and a constant rate of extension of 300 mm/min.
- the sample is wider than the clamp jaws to give results representative of effective strength of fibers in the clamped width combined with additional strength contributed by adjacent fibers in the fabric.
- the specimen is clamped in, for example, a Sintech 2 Tester available from the Sintech Corporation of Cary, North Carolina, an Instron Model TM, available from the Instron
- Thwing-Albert Model INTELLECT II available from the Thwing-Albert Instrument Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This closely simulates fabric stress conditions in actual use. Results are reported as an average of three specimens and may be performed with the specimen in the cross direction (CD) or the machine direction (MD).
- the trapezoid or "trap” tear test is a tension test applicable to both woven and nonwoven fabrics. The entire width of the specimen is gripped between clamps, thus the test primarily measures the bonding or interlocking and strength of individual fibers directly in the tensile load, rather than the strength of the composite structure of the fabric as a whole. The procedure is useful in estimating the relative ease of tearing a fabric. It is particularly useful in the determination of any appreciable difference in strength between the machine and cross direction of the fabric.
- an outline of a trapezoid is drawn on a 3 by 6 inch (75 by 152 mm) specimen with the longer dimension in the direction being tested, and the specimen is cut in the shape of the trapezoid.
- the trapezoid has a 4 inch (102 mm) side and a 1 inch (25 mm) side which are parallel and which are separated by 3 inches (76 mm).
- a small preliminary cut of 5/8 inches (15 mm) is made in the middle of the shorter of the parallel sides.
- the specimens is clamped in, for example, an Instron Model TM, available from the Instron Corporation, Canton, Massachusetts, or a Thwing- Albert Model INTELLECT II available from the Thwing-Albert Instrument Co., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, which have 3 inch (76 mm) long parallel clamps.
- the specimen is clamped along the non- parallel sides of the trapezoid so that the fabric on the longer side is loose and the fabric along the shorter side taut, and with the cut halfway between the clamps.
- a continuous load is applied on the specimen such that the tear propagates across the specimen width. It should be noted that the longer direction is the direction being tested even though the tear is perpendicular to the length of the specimen.
- the force required to completely tear the specimen is recorded in pounds with higher numbers indicating a greater resistance to tearing.
- the test method used conforms to ASTM Standard test D-1117-14 except that the tearing load is calculated as the average of the first and highest peaks recorded rather than the lowest and highest peaks. Five specimens for each sample should be tested.
- the softness of a nonwoven fabric may be measured according to the "cup crush" test.
- the cup test evaluates fabric stiffness by measuring the peak load required for a 4.5 cm diameter hemispherically shaped foot to crush a 23 cm by 23 cm piece of fabric shaped into an approximately 6.5 cm diameter by 6.5 cm tall inverted cup while the cup shaped fabric is surrounded by an approximately 6.5 cm diameter cylinder to maintain a uniform deformation of the cup shaped fabric. An average of 10 readings is used. The foot and the cup are aligned to avoid contact between the cup walls and the foot which could affect the readings. The peak load is measured while the foot is descending at a rate of about 0.25 inches per second (38 cm per minute) and is measured in grams.
- cup crush energy is the energy from the start of the test to the peak load point, i.e. the area under the curve formed by the load in grams on one axis and the distance the foot travels in millimeters on the other. Cup crush energy is reported in gm-mm.
- a suitable device for measuring cup crush is a model FTD-G500 load cell (500 gm range) available from the Schaevitz Company, Pennsauken, New Jersey.
- the Drape test was also used to determine the stiffness of the materials.
- the drape stiffness test also sometimes called the cantilever bending test, determines the bending length of a fabric using the principle of cantilever bending of the fabric under its own weight.
- the bending length is a measure of the interaction between fabric weight and fabric stiffness.
- a 1 inch (2.54 cm) by 8 inch (20.3 cm) fabric strip is slid, at 4.75 inches per minute (12 cm min) in a direction parallels to its long dimension so that its leading edge projects from the edge of a horizontal surface.
- the length of the overhand is measured when the tip of the specimen is depressed under its own weight to the point where the line joining the tip of the fabric to the edge of the platform makes a 41.5 degree angle with the horizontal.
- the drape stiffness is calculated as 0.5 x bending length.
- a total of 5 samples of each fabric should be taken. This procedure conforms to ASTM standard test D-1388 except for the fabric length which is different (longer) and Method 5206 Federal Test Method Standard No. 191 A.
- the test equipment used is a Cantilever Bending tester model 79-10 available from Testing Machines, Inc., 400 Bayview Avenue, Amityville, New York 11701. As in most testing, the sample should not be conditioned to ASTM of 65 + 2 in relative humidity and 72 + 2°F (22 + 1 °C), or TAPPi conditions of 50 + 2 percent relative humidity and 72 + 1.8°F prior to testing.
- Handle-O-Meter The softness of a nonwoven fabric may be measured according to the "Handle-O-Meter" test.
- the test used herein is the INDA standard test 1st 90.0-75 (R 82) with two modifications: 1. the specimen size was 4 inches by 4 inches and; 2. five specimens were tested rather than two.
- the test was carried out on Handle-O-Meter model number 211-5 from the Thwing-Albert
- the Taber Abrasion test indicates fabric durability against abrasion.
- the test used herein conforms to method 5306, Federal Test Methods Standard No. 191 A and ASTM Standard Test No. D 1175 (using a double wheel).
- the fabric is subjected to a repetitive rotary rubbing action under controlled pressure and abrasive action. After a specified number of cycles, the abraded fabric is rated visually against a set of control photographs by a system in which 1 signifies severe abrasion and 5 signifies the least abrasion.
- the test is carried out with Martindate Tear and Abrasion Tester such as model no. 103 or model no. 403 available from James H. Heal Company, Ltd. of Yorkshire, England.
- the abradant used is a 36 inch by 4 inch by 0.05 thick silicone rubber wheel reinforced with fiber glass having a rubber surface hardness 81A Durometer, Shore A of
- the abradant is available from Flight Insulation, Inc., a distributor for Connecticut Hard Rubber, 925 Industrial Park, NE, Marietta, Georgia 30065.
- the Reciprocation Abrasion test is used to assess abrasion and surface bond integrity of material. Poorly bonded material will exhibit surface roping and fuzzing. Tested material is compared to standard photographs and rated either 1 , 3, or 5, with 1 signaling the most roping or fuzzing.
- the Water and Oil Absorption Capacity test is used to determine the capacity of a fabric to absorb either water or mineral oil, but the test is applicable to other liquids as well.
- the test used herein conforms to ASTM Test No. D 1117.5.3-80. Absorption is determined as the weight of the liquid absorbed by the specimen and as a percentage of the specimen's unit weight. Higher results indicate a greater absorption capacity of the sample.
- the Hunter Color test measures the color values of a given fabric using a colorimeter with illumination provided by a standard CIE source and reports data observed under simulated overcast sky daylight conditions.
- Whiteness as used herein is meausred according to ASTM methods E3313-73 D 1925-70 on a Hunter Color Meter Model D25A9 with a CIE source C illumination. Gloss as used herein is measured in accordance with ASTM 523 on a D48-7 Hunterlab Modular glossmeter using 60° gloss vaules.
- EXAMPLE NO. 1 The tests described above were performed in order to demonstrate the strength, softness, and durability of fibrous webs made according to the present invention.
- the random copolymer used in this example was 6D43 polymer obtained from Union Carbide.
- the wax refers to a linear, low density polyethylene marketed as AC16 by
- the calcium carbonate having the calcite structure used in the samples was ALBAGLOSS filler obtained from Specialty Mineral, Inc., while the calcium carbonate having the ARAGONITE structure used in the samples was MAGNUM GLOSS filler obtained from the Mississippi Lime Company. Titanium dioxide was incorporated into the samples in a 50% concentrate of titanium dioxide in a 35 meltflow rate controlled rheology polypropylene.
- EXAMPLE NO.2 Spunbond webs were made according to the procedure described in Example 1. In this example, however, instead of using a random copolymer, the webs were made from polypropylene.
- the polypropylene used above was PF305 obtained from Montell USA, Inc. and had a meltflow rating of 38 g/10 min.
- the kaolin listed above was obtained from ECC, Inc.
- the polymer was extruded at a rate of 0.7 ghm, except for sample number 5 which was extruded at a rate of 0.6 ghm.
- EXAMPLE NO. 3 Spunbond nonwoven webs were made in accordance with the procedures described in Example 1 from the polypropylene polymer identified in Example 2. in this example, the bonding temperature of the fabric products was varied in order to optimize results. Three (3) different web products were produced and subsequently tested at several different bonding temperatures. The samples and a list of their components are listed below. Table 5
- softness increases at lower bonding temperatures, while strength increases at higher bonding temperatures.
- softness dramatically increased when a mineral filler was added to the polypropylene.
- Example No. 3 As shown above, the inclusion of polyethylene wax to the mixture increased the softness of the web but also decreased the strength. Sample No. 3 made in accordance with the present invention also shows an increase in softness. The tensile strength of Example No. 3 however, is greater in comparison to Examples Nos. 1 and 2.
- EXAMPLE NO. 5 The following example was conducted in order to show the effects of TiO 2 and clay on the gloss and whiteness of spunbond webs made similar to procedures described in Examples Nos. 1 and
- Gloss is defined as the light reflected specularly by a material. It can also be termed surface luster or brightness. Gloss is a geometric attribute of appearance, which is associated with the distribution of light from the object. Testing was done using the
- Whiteness is based on a bluish white, the preferred white, and is reduced by traces of yellow and gray. Yellowness is caused by absorption in the blue part of the spectrum.
- TiO 2 and a mineral filler work together in reducing gloss and giving the web a more cloth-like appearance.
- This combination of TiO 2 and mineral fillers is essential for aesthetic gain over conventional polypropylene webs as well as for improved softness. This is because TiO 2 significantly lowers gloss by itself while the mineral combination found in the clay further lowers gloss and greatly improves the softness of the material.
- Spunbond nonwoven webs were made in accordance with the procedures described in Example 1 with a polypropylene polymer.
- the affects of post treating a web by orienting the fibers contained within a bonded web in the machine direction were studied.
- the samples and a list of their components are listed below.
- MDO machine direction orientation
- Spunbond nonwoven webs were made in accordance with the procedures described in Example No. 1 from the polypropylene polymer identified in Example No. 2.
- the long term heat aging characteristics of webs made in accordance with the present invention were studied.
- Three different web products were produced and tested. The samples and the list of their components are as follows:
- the filler formulation of the present invention greatly improved the thermal aging stability of the webs in comparison to a web containing only titanium dioxide.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU47271/99A AU4727199A (en) | 1998-06-30 | 1999-06-29 | Cloth-like nonwoven webs made from thermoplastic polymers |
DE19983321T DE19983321T5 (en) | 1998-06-30 | 1999-06-29 | Cloth-like nonwoven fabric made of thermoplastic polymers |
GB0100497A GB2354250B (en) | 1998-06-30 | 1999-06-29 | Cloth-like nonwoven webs made from thermoplastic polymers |
BRPI9911806-8A BR9911806B1 (en) | 1998-06-30 | 1999-06-29 | a process for producing a cloth-like nonwoven web from thermoplastic polymer fibers; fiber adapted to produce wefts; nonwoven web and process for improving the thermal aging stability of a nonwoven web made of polymeric fibers. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/108,054 US6797377B1 (en) | 1998-06-30 | 1998-06-30 | Cloth-like nonwoven webs made from thermoplastic polymers |
US09/108,054 | 1998-06-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000000680A1 true WO2000000680A1 (en) | 2000-01-06 |
Family
ID=22320023
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1999/014739 WO2000000680A1 (en) | 1998-06-30 | 1999-06-29 | Cloth-like nonwoven webs made from thermoplastic polymers |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6797377B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100656330B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU4727199A (en) |
BR (1) | BR9911806B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE19983321T5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2354250B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000000680A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7018945B2 (en) | 2002-07-02 | 2006-03-28 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Composition and method for treating fibers and nonwoven substrates |
US8877316B2 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2014-11-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Cloth-like personal care articles |
WO2017095386A1 (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-06-08 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Filaments comprising microfibrillar cellulose with calcium carbonate minerals |
CN113930860A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-01-14 | 暖博士新材料(无锡)有限公司 | Shellfish nanofiber |
Families Citing this family (37)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030207636A1 (en) * | 2001-01-05 | 2003-11-06 | Nataraj Gosavi | Nonwoven laminate wiping product and proces for its manufacture |
BR0215107A (en) * | 2001-12-05 | 2004-11-03 | Rhodia Industrial Yarns Ag | Manufacturing process of polypropylene monofilaments, propylene monofilaments and their use |
PL1733088T3 (en) * | 2004-04-06 | 2016-12-30 | Spun-bonded non-woven made of polymer fibers and use thereof | |
MX2007005395A (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2007-06-19 | Donaldson Co Inc | Filter medium and structure. |
US8057567B2 (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2011-11-15 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Filter medium and breather filter structure |
US8021457B2 (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2011-09-20 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Filter media and structure |
CN101151084B (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2013-02-13 | 唐纳森公司 | Aerosol separator |
WO2006091594A1 (en) | 2005-02-22 | 2006-08-31 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Aerosol separator |
US7614812B2 (en) | 2005-09-29 | 2009-11-10 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Wiper with encapsulated agent |
US20070122614A1 (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2007-05-31 | The Dow Chemical Company | Surface modified bi-component polymeric fiber |
US8859481B2 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2014-10-14 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Wiper for use with disinfectants |
DE102006020488B4 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2017-03-23 | Fitesa Germany Gmbh | Nonwoven fabric, process for its preparation and its use |
MX2009004329A (en) * | 2006-10-27 | 2009-05-05 | Procter & Gamble | Clothlike non-woven fibrous structures and processes for making same. |
US20100184348A1 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2010-07-22 | Imerys Pigments, Inc. | Spunlaid Fibers Comprising Coated Calcium Carbonate, Processes For Their Production, and Nonwoven Products |
JP2010529902A (en) | 2007-02-22 | 2010-09-02 | ドナルドソン カンパニー インコーポレイテッド | Filter element and method |
WO2008103821A2 (en) | 2007-02-23 | 2008-08-28 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Formed filter element |
ATE525182T1 (en) | 2007-06-03 | 2011-10-15 | Imerys Pigments Inc | SPUN FIBERS COATED WITH CALCIUM CARBONATE, METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION AND NON-WOVEN PRODUCTS |
US20110059287A1 (en) * | 2008-01-21 | 2011-03-10 | Imerys Pigments, Inc. | Fibers comprising at least one filler, processes for their production, and uses thereof |
US20100035045A1 (en) | 2008-01-21 | 2010-02-11 | Imerys Pigments, Inc. | Fibers comprising at least one filler and processes for their production |
US20110052913A1 (en) * | 2008-01-21 | 2011-03-03 | Mcamish Larry | Monofilament fibers comprising at least one filler, and processes for their production |
US20090252941A1 (en) * | 2008-04-03 | 2009-10-08 | Usg Interiors, Inc. | Non-woven material and method of making such material |
US8563449B2 (en) * | 2008-04-03 | 2013-10-22 | Usg Interiors, Llc | Non-woven material and method of making such material |
KR101184785B1 (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2012-09-20 | 한국생산기술연구원 | High Flow Polycarbonate Resin Composition and Melt Blown Non-woven Fabric Using the Same |
US8267681B2 (en) | 2009-01-28 | 2012-09-18 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Method and apparatus for forming a fibrous media |
JP5724104B2 (en) | 2010-11-30 | 2015-05-27 | 株式会社白石中央研究所 | Resin composition |
US10252945B2 (en) | 2012-09-26 | 2019-04-09 | Multiple Energy Technologies Llc | Bioceramic compositions |
DK2749679T3 (en) | 2012-12-28 | 2017-06-19 | Omya Int Ag | CaCO3 in polyester for nonwoven fabrics and fibers |
US10946117B2 (en) | 2013-11-20 | 2021-03-16 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent article containing a soft and durable backsheet |
BR112016011370B1 (en) | 2013-11-20 | 2022-02-08 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc | NON-WOVEN COMPOSITE, MULTI-LAYER LAMINATED, AND ABSORBENT ARTICLE |
US9833509B2 (en) | 2014-05-05 | 2017-12-05 | Multiple Energy Technologies Llc | Bioceramic compositions and biomodulatory uses thereof |
USD766597S1 (en) | 2014-06-27 | 2016-09-20 | Multiple Energies Technologies Llc | Apparel with bioceramic surface ornamentation |
EP2963162B1 (en) | 2014-07-01 | 2018-05-23 | Omya International AG | Multifilament polyester fibres |
EP3374559B1 (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2020-06-17 | PFNonwovens LLC | Nonwoven with improved abrasion resistance and method of making the same |
US10767296B2 (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2020-09-08 | Pfnonwovens Llc | Multi-denier hydraulically treated nonwoven fabrics and method of making the same |
BR112019012225B1 (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2023-02-14 | Pfnonwovens Llc | NONWOVEN LAMINATE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A NONWOVEN LAMINATE |
JP2020508145A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2020-03-19 | ザ プロクター アンド ギャンブル カンパニーThe Procter & Gamble Company | Wearable articles having characteristic material properties |
CN112921499B (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2022-05-24 | 杭州可靠护理用品股份有限公司 | Regenerated fiber non-woven fabric and application thereof in disposable hygienic product |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4801494A (en) * | 1987-04-10 | 1989-01-31 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Nonwoven pad cover with fluid masking properties |
JPH06184905A (en) * | 1992-08-26 | 1994-07-05 | Unitika Ltd | Production of polypropylene-based nonwoven fabric |
EP0683252A1 (en) * | 1994-05-16 | 1995-11-22 | AlliedSignal Inc. | Polyamide fiber |
GB2297752A (en) * | 1995-02-08 | 1996-08-14 | Nissan Motor | Materials exhibiting colour |
GB2303375A (en) * | 1995-07-14 | 1997-02-19 | Cheil Synthetics Inc | Far I.R.-radiating polyester fibres |
WO1997030199A1 (en) * | 1996-02-12 | 1997-08-21 | Fibervisions A/S | Particle-containing fibres |
Family Cites Families (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3338992A (en) | 1959-12-15 | 1967-08-29 | Du Pont | Process for forming non-woven filamentary structures from fiber-forming synthetic organic polymers |
US3502763A (en) | 1962-02-03 | 1970-03-24 | Freudenberg Carl Kg | Process of producing non-woven fabric fleece |
US3502538A (en) | 1964-08-17 | 1970-03-24 | Du Pont | Bonded nonwoven sheets with a defined distribution of bond strengths |
US3341394A (en) | 1966-12-21 | 1967-09-12 | Du Pont | Sheets of randomly distributed continuous filaments |
US3542615A (en) | 1967-06-16 | 1970-11-24 | Monsanto Co | Process for producing a nylon non-woven fabric |
US3849241A (en) | 1968-12-23 | 1974-11-19 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Non-woven mats by melt blowing |
DE2048006B2 (en) | 1969-10-01 | 1980-10-30 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo K.K., Osaka (Japan) | Method and device for producing a wide nonwoven web |
DE1950669C3 (en) | 1969-10-08 | 1982-05-13 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Process for the manufacture of nonwovens |
JPS54120728A (en) | 1978-03-08 | 1979-09-19 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Fine synthetic fiber having complicatedly roughened surface and its production |
US4340563A (en) | 1980-05-05 | 1982-07-20 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Method for forming nonwoven webs |
JPH02162008A (en) * | 1988-12-16 | 1990-06-21 | Tosoh Corp | Manufacture of air-permeable composite sheet |
JP2682130B2 (en) | 1989-04-25 | 1997-11-26 | 三井石油化学工業株式会社 | Flexible long-fiber non-woven fabric |
US5108827A (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1992-04-28 | Fiberweb North America, Inc. | Strong nonwoven fabrics from engineered multiconstituent fibers |
JPH0330764A (en) * | 1989-06-28 | 1991-02-08 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Facing non-woven fabric for hygienic material |
US5382400A (en) | 1992-08-21 | 1995-01-17 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Nonwoven multicomponent polymeric fabric and method for making same |
US5336552A (en) | 1992-08-26 | 1994-08-09 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Nonwoven fabric made with multicomponent polymeric strands including a blend of polyolefin and ethylene alkyl acrylate copolymer |
CA2111172A1 (en) * | 1993-09-23 | 1995-03-24 | Dennis S. Everhart | Nonwoven fabric formed from alloy fibers |
CA2116081C (en) * | 1993-12-17 | 2005-07-26 | Ann Louise Mccormack | Breathable, cloth-like film/nonwoven composite |
US5681646A (en) * | 1994-11-18 | 1997-10-28 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | High strength spunbond fabric from high melt flow rate polymers |
CA2239983C (en) * | 1995-11-16 | 2002-07-30 | H.B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc. | A polymeric composition in pellet form |
US5632944A (en) | 1995-11-20 | 1997-05-27 | Basf Corporation | Process of making mutlicomponent fibers |
US5843057A (en) * | 1996-07-15 | 1998-12-01 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Film-nonwoven laminate containing an adhesively-reinforced stretch-thinned film |
-
1998
- 1998-06-30 US US09/108,054 patent/US6797377B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-06-29 AU AU47271/99A patent/AU4727199A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-06-29 DE DE19983321T patent/DE19983321T5/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-06-29 WO PCT/US1999/014739 patent/WO2000000680A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-06-29 KR KR1020007015037A patent/KR100656330B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-06-29 BR BRPI9911806-8A patent/BR9911806B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-06-29 GB GB0100497A patent/GB2354250B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4801494A (en) * | 1987-04-10 | 1989-01-31 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Nonwoven pad cover with fluid masking properties |
JPH06184905A (en) * | 1992-08-26 | 1994-07-05 | Unitika Ltd | Production of polypropylene-based nonwoven fabric |
EP0683252A1 (en) * | 1994-05-16 | 1995-11-22 | AlliedSignal Inc. | Polyamide fiber |
GB2297752A (en) * | 1995-02-08 | 1996-08-14 | Nissan Motor | Materials exhibiting colour |
GB2303375A (en) * | 1995-07-14 | 1997-02-19 | Cheil Synthetics Inc | Far I.R.-radiating polyester fibres |
WO1997030199A1 (en) * | 1996-02-12 | 1997-08-21 | Fibervisions A/S | Particle-containing fibres |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 199431, Derwent World Patents Index; Class A17, AN 1994-253398, XP002119819 * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7018945B2 (en) | 2002-07-02 | 2006-03-28 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Composition and method for treating fibers and nonwoven substrates |
US8877316B2 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2014-11-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Cloth-like personal care articles |
WO2017095386A1 (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-06-08 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Filaments comprising microfibrillar cellulose with calcium carbonate minerals |
CN113930860A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-01-14 | 暖博士新材料(无锡)有限公司 | Shellfish nanofiber |
CN113930860B (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2023-09-01 | 暖博士新材料(无锡)有限公司 | shellfish nanofiber |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6797377B1 (en) | 2004-09-28 |
BR9911806B1 (en) | 2011-11-29 |
DE19983321T5 (en) | 2013-10-02 |
GB2354250B (en) | 2002-05-29 |
KR100656330B1 (en) | 2006-12-12 |
GB2354250A (en) | 2001-03-21 |
AU4727199A (en) | 2000-01-17 |
KR20010053307A (en) | 2001-06-25 |
GB0100497D0 (en) | 2001-02-21 |
BR9911806A (en) | 2001-03-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6797377B1 (en) | Cloth-like nonwoven webs made from thermoplastic polymers | |
JP7106514B2 (en) | CaCO3 in polyester for nonwovens and fibers | |
US20070021022A1 (en) | Crimped fiber nonwoven fabric and laminate thereof | |
RU2041995C1 (en) | Method for hydraulic splicing of unbounded nonwoven polyolefin fabric and nonwoven hydraulically spliced polyolefin fabric | |
EP2473656B1 (en) | Carpet | |
Midha et al. | Spun bonding technology and fabric properties: a review | |
EP0835338A1 (en) | Knit-like nonwoven composite fabric | |
JP2001226865A (en) | Nonwoven fabric, method for producing the same and sanitary material | |
EP1354091B1 (en) | Thermally bonded fabrics and method of making same | |
EP2150645A1 (en) | Nonwoven bonding patterns producing fabrics with improved abrasion resistance and softness | |
CA2242606A1 (en) | Fine fiber barrier fabric with improved drape and strength and method of making same | |
US20110059287A1 (en) | Fibers comprising at least one filler, processes for their production, and uses thereof | |
EP1344857A1 (en) | Multiple component spunbound web and laminates thereof | |
EP1357216A1 (en) | Spunbonded nonwoven fabric and absorbent article | |
US6274237B1 (en) | Potentially crimpable composite fiber and a non-woven fabric using the same | |
JP2002069820A (en) | Spun-bonded nonwoven fabric and absorbing article | |
JP4379127B2 (en) | Thermal adhesive composite fiber, method for producing the same, and fiber molded body using the composite fiber | |
MXPA00012818A (en) | Cloth-like nonwoven webs made from thermoplastic polymers | |
JPH02154053A (en) | Production of continuous filament nonwoven fabric for sanitary purpose | |
JP2002173830A (en) | Heat adhesive conjugated fiber, method of producing the same and formed fiber product using the same | |
JPH02289101A (en) | Interlining | |
JPS61119737A (en) | Polyamide interlaced multifilament |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT UA UG UZ VN YU ZA ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SL SZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: PA/a/2000/012818 Country of ref document: MX |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1020007015037 Country of ref document: KR |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: GB Ref document number: 200100497 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1020007015037 Country of ref document: KR |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase | ||
WWR | Wipo information: refused in national office |
Ref document number: 1020007015037 Country of ref document: KR |