WO2000007049A1 - Optical waveguide component - Google Patents
Optical waveguide component Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000007049A1 WO2000007049A1 PCT/EP1999/004040 EP9904040W WO0007049A1 WO 2000007049 A1 WO2000007049 A1 WO 2000007049A1 EP 9904040 W EP9904040 W EP 9904040W WO 0007049 A1 WO0007049 A1 WO 0007049A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- refractive index
- core
- substrate
- cladding layer
- layer
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/125—Bends, branchings or intersections
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12083—Constructional arrangements
- G02B2006/12097—Ridge, rib or the like
Definitions
- the invention pertains to an optical waveguide component comprising a substrate, a core-matching refractive index lower cladding layer, a core layer, a core-matching refractive index upper cladding layer, and a low refractive index top cladding.
- Such a component is known from, e.g., International patent application WO 97/01782.
- This publication concerns optical components having an at least penta-layered polymer structure on a substrate comprising: a) a low refractive index bottom cladding layer, b) a core-matching refractive index lower cladding layer, c) a core layer, d) a core-matching refractive index upper cladding layer, and e) a low refractive index top cladding layer.
- slab modes, quasi- guided modes and/or scattered light (sometimes also referred to as radiation modes and stray light respectively) become trapped between the lower and upper cladding layers, with the core layer and the core-matching refractive index cladding layers serving as a (composite) core.
- the core layer and the core-matching refractive index cladding layers serving as a (composite) core.
- the said modes cannot have any interaction with the guide mode(s) in the core layer and a decrease of the optical performance is avoided.
- avoiding interaction between a guided mode in the core layer and slab modes, quasi- guided modes and/scattered light will result in a considerably improved isolation (defined as the ratio of the optical power in an output in the on- state and the optical power in an output in the off-state).
- Capture and/or absorption of the guided mode should preferably be smaller than 0.01 dB/cm, more preferably smaller than 0.001 dB/cm.
- Leaking of slab modes, quasi-guided modes and/or scattered light to the substrate can be achieved by using a substrate that has a refractive index higher than that of the core-matching refractive index lower cladding layer and/or that functions as an absorber of the said undesirable modes.
- a substrate that has a refractive index higher than that of the core-matching refractive index lower cladding layer and/or that functions as an absorber of the said undesirable modes.
- Any material that absorbs and dissipates light in the optical frequencies used in the structure in question will do.
- suitable materials are metals such as titanium, silver, gold, or nickel or non-transparent dielectric polymers containing a dye.
- the substrate may comprise one or more (usually very thin) top layers or coatings, e.g., to promote adhesion to the core-matching refractive index lower cladding layer.
- EP 642 052 discloses a polymeric thermo-optical device comprising a polymeric core layer sandwiched between two cladding layers having a refractive index lower than that of the guiding layer. A heating element is placed against one of the cladding layers and this layer has a lower refractive index than the other cladding layer.
- the lower cladding layer is made up of two sublayers to provide optical isolation from the substrate.
- the component is a thermo-optical component and/or the thickness of the core-matching refractive index lower cladding layer is (preferably at least 30 percent) greater than the thickness of the stack containing the core layer, the core-matching refractive index upper cladding layer, and the low refractive index upper cladding.
- the core layer is asymmetrically buried in the layer stack, close to the heater element and far from the heatsink, i.e. the substrate.
- the refractive index of the substrate is advantageous to select the refractive index of the substrate to be higher than the refractive index of the core-matching refractive index lower cladding layer.
- Silicon substrates are preferably used, because silicon exhibits a very high refractive index and silicon substrates are readily available on the market and of homogeneous thickness. Furthermore, they are frequently used in integrated circuit techniques and apparatus.
- thermo-optical components such as 1xN switches, switch matrices, and MZIs
- Active optical components can be, e.g., so-called thermo-optical (TO) components, which are preferred, or electro-optical components (EO). Both thermo-optical and electro-optical components are known.
- thermo-optical components are based on the phenomenon of the optical waveguide material employed exhibiting a temperature dependent refractive index.
- heating elements are provided (usually metal strips) to heat the polymeric cladding and core materials, in order to change the refractive index for switching.
- the working of electro-optical devices is based on the phenomenon of the non-linear optically active material employed exhibiting an electric field dependent refractive index.
- On top of the upper cladding layer electrodes are provided to apply an electric field to the non-linear optically active material to change the refractive index for switching.
- Devices according to the invention can be used with advantage in optical communications networks of various kinds.
- the optical components either will be directly combined with optical components such as light sources (laser diodes) or detectors, or they will be coupled to input and output optical fibres, usually glass fibres.
- Polymer optical devices are commonly optical fibre-compatible and based on embedded or embedded ridge-type channel waveguides.
- the resulting structure comprises a high refractive index core polymer (usually of rectangular or square cross-section) embedded in a lower refractive index cladding material.
- Suitable materials for and configurations of the cladding and the core layers are disclosed, int. al., in M.B.J. Diemeer et al., "Polymeric phased array wavelength multiplexer operating around 1550 nm," Electronics Letters,
- core-matching refractive index means that the refractive index is matched to that of the core so as to obtain the required contrast.
- Figure 1 shows a polymeric five- or penta-layered structure on a silicon substrate in accordance with the prior art.
- Figure 2 shows a polymeric four- layered structure on a silicon substrate in accordance with the present invention (in both structures N 0 eguals 1.513). Both devices were operated using light having a wavelength of 1550 nm and, in comparison with the one according to Figure 1 , the scattered light in the device according to the present invention was considerably reduced.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000562783A JP2002521731A (en) | 1998-07-24 | 1999-06-09 | Optical waveguide device |
EP99926522A EP1018042A1 (en) | 1998-07-24 | 1999-06-09 | Optical waveguide component |
CA002304200A CA2304200C (en) | 1998-07-24 | 1999-06-09 | Optical waveguide component |
US09/538,594 US6408126B1 (en) | 1998-07-24 | 2000-03-24 | Optical waveguide component |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP98202496 | 1998-07-24 | ||
EP98202496.0 | 1998-07-24 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/538,594 Continuation-In-Part US6408126B1 (en) | 1998-07-24 | 2000-03-24 | Optical waveguide component |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000007049A1 true WO2000007049A1 (en) | 2000-02-10 |
Family
ID=8233972
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1999/004040 WO2000007049A1 (en) | 1998-07-24 | 1999-06-09 | Optical waveguide component |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6408126B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1018042A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002521731A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2304200C (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000007049A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20020018636A1 (en) * | 2000-08-02 | 2002-02-14 | Gemfire Corporation | Device and method for variable attenuation of an optical channel |
US8098968B2 (en) * | 2007-09-04 | 2012-01-17 | International Business Machines Corporation | Silicide thermal heaters for silicon-on-insulator nanophotonic devices |
WO2015108529A1 (en) * | 2014-01-17 | 2015-07-23 | Empire Technology Development Llc | Optical fibers without cladding |
US9453967B2 (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2016-09-27 | Lumentum Operations Llc | High power misalignment-tolerant fiber assembly |
US10620371B2 (en) * | 2016-03-05 | 2020-04-14 | Huawei Technologies Canada Co., Ltd. | Waveguide crossing having rib waveguides |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0642052A1 (en) * | 1993-08-24 | 1995-03-08 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Polymeric thermo-optical waveguide device |
WO1997001782A1 (en) * | 1995-06-28 | 1997-01-16 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | At least penta-layered optical device |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5633966A (en) * | 1995-04-07 | 1997-05-27 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Method of forming refractive index distribution in light transmission path, and optical filter and method of using the same |
EP0961139B1 (en) * | 1997-02-19 | 2006-12-13 | Opnext Japan, Inc. | Polymer optical waveguide, optica integrated circuit , optical module and optical communication apparatus |
-
1999
- 1999-06-09 JP JP2000562783A patent/JP2002521731A/en active Pending
- 1999-06-09 CA CA002304200A patent/CA2304200C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-09 EP EP99926522A patent/EP1018042A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-06-09 WO PCT/EP1999/004040 patent/WO2000007049A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2000
- 2000-03-24 US US09/538,594 patent/US6408126B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0642052A1 (en) * | 1993-08-24 | 1995-03-08 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Polymeric thermo-optical waveguide device |
WO1997001782A1 (en) * | 1995-06-28 | 1997-01-16 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | At least penta-layered optical device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2304200C (en) | 2006-10-17 |
US6408126B1 (en) | 2002-06-18 |
EP1018042A1 (en) | 2000-07-12 |
CA2304200A1 (en) | 2000-02-10 |
JP2002521731A (en) | 2002-07-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1332391B1 (en) | Planar waveguide switch and optical cross-connect | |
US6330379B1 (en) | Cascaded optical switch comprising at least one gate | |
US6246809B1 (en) | Asymmetric thermo-optical switch | |
EP0829033B1 (en) | Cascade thermo-optical device | |
EP0883000A1 (en) | Optical planar waveguide structure comprising of a stray light capture region and method of manufacture of the same | |
Hirabayashi et al. | Liquid crystal variable optical attenuators integrated on planar lightwave circuits | |
CA2304200C (en) | Optical waveguide component | |
US6233378B1 (en) | Optical switch utilizing two unidirectional waveguide couplers | |
Eldada et al. | Thermo-optically active polymeric photonic components | |
Goh | Recent advances in large-scale silica-based thermo-optic switches | |
Eldada | Advances in polymer-based dynamic photonic components, modules, and subsystems | |
JP2000241774A (en) | Tunable optical attenuator and optical switch | |
Eldada | Nanoengineered polymers for photonic integrated circuits | |
Kribich et al. | Thermo-optic switches using sol-gel processed hybrid materials | |
Eldada | Telcordia qualification and beyond: reliability of today’s polymer photonic components | |
Kowalczyk | Polymer-based multiport variable optical attenuator with low insertion loss | |
KR100237187B1 (en) | Polarization independent light attenuator in polymer channel waveguide | |
Fujita et al. | 32-channel reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer on a chip | |
Ooba et al. | Low crosstalk and low loss polymeric 1× 8 digital optical switch | |
Bernhard et al. | Cross talk reduction in switching networks by asymmetrical off-on switches | |
JP2000250077A (en) | Array optical waveguide optical switch | |
Ibrahim et al. | A novel 1× 2 thermo-optic multimode interference switch structure based on photodefinable benzocyclobutene (BCB 4024-40) polymer on silica | |
Ferm et al. | Prototyping and validation of thermo-optic planar polymer waveguide devices | |
Eldada et al. | Advances in hybrid organic/inorganic optoelectronic integration | |
EP0869387A1 (en) | Optical switch |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): CA JP US |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1999926522 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2304200 Country of ref document: CA Ref country code: CA Ref document number: 2304200 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 09538594 Country of ref document: US |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1999926522 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1999926522 Country of ref document: EP |