WO2000034896A1 - Systems and methods for organizing data - Google Patents
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- WO2000034896A1 WO2000034896A1 PCT/US1999/028657 US9928657W WO0034896A1 WO 2000034896 A1 WO2000034896 A1 WO 2000034896A1 US 9928657 W US9928657 W US 9928657W WO 0034896 A1 WO0034896 A1 WO 0034896A1
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Definitions
- the invention relates to systems and methods for organizing information, and more particularly to systems and methods that graphically depict information in an organized format.
- the software system described herein organizes, analyzes and presents in an optimized fashion a comprehendiable graphic representation of the available data allowing the user to immediately and intrinsically infer the existence of relationships and trends that would normally not have been apparent otherwise.
- This new method supports decision making to a level never achieved before and is capable of presenting data relationships across multiple planes and accessing dissimilar data sets.
- the FRIDAY system is such a decision support system (Find, Relate, Infer, Discover, Analyze, and Yes to actions) For example, if a decision has to be made to invest in a particular opportunity/technology, FRIDAY can greatly enhance the evaluation of intellectual property that surrounds the technology that exists in patent, published paper, and prior art form. FRIDAY can also find business data and the relationships that exist relevant to the opportunity, relate that to the intellectual property data and then to other relevant facts (such as market issues, competition, economic activity, etc.). Having developed the 'landscape' for this particular technology the system can then infer specific important trends that have direct relevance to the opportunity.
- the FRIDAY system is a collection of targeted databases with powerful data retrieval, data correlation and data connection attributes, and unique inference and business communication capabilities. From a user's perspective FRIDAY is a user- friendly system that can sort, analyze, and make sense of data from many different expertise areas and then correlate this data to help illustrate relationships and graphically represent trends of importance that can help in drawing conclusions or supporting actions.
- This software system can also be applicable in the financial sector, where many financial measures can be combined to illustrate trends and relationships that would normally not be apparent by looking at them individually.
- the software system described herein organizes, analyzes and presents in an optimized fashion a comprehendable graphic representation of the available data allowing the user to immediately and intrinsically infer the existence of relationships and trends that would normally not have been apparent otherwise.
- This new method supports decision making to a level never achieved before and is capable of presenting data relationships across multiple planes and accessing dissimilar data sets. The ability to then access the underlying data is also disclosed.
- the invention can include a method for displaying and correlating data records in a visually comprehendible manner so as to effectively communicate relationships amongst data records.
- the method comprising the steps of defining the input parameters for searching, said input parameters being dependent on the data and descriptive of the fields in a data record, searching databases comprised of said data records using said input parameters as filters to identify associated data records, capturing associated data from said databases to create the working set containing a unique set of data records, augmenting the working set and performing additional processing to determine connections amongst the data records in the working set and other data records to identify relationships between the data records and the working set and bring to light additional information and knowledge that illustrate and infer relationships not readily apparent from the data records alone, presenting the combined and processed data records in an graphical fashion relative to a time axis to create an expanded display set depicting relationships indicated by connections which allow for communication of issues related to planning, assessment, and implementation, where said connectors are lines calculated and placed to minimize amount of crossing and length which connect the data records represented by a single geometric shape and wherein each shape is
- the methods also include a step where the presentation of the expanded display set is dynamic such that additional information about a particular data record can be obtained by double clicking the shape to bring one directly to the original data source to enable viewing of additional information related to the data item in question.
- the user has the ability to direct the algorithm to the primary or any number of alternate data sources that may exist for the additional information.
- a hypothetical data record in a similar format can be added to the working set to determine the relationships of the data to the hypothetical entry and to determine the effects and relationships the hypothetical entry has on the data where said hypothetical data item is distinguished by a unique color and/or shape.
- secondary functional algorithms may be run on the display set to determine areas for potential licensing opportunities, where said potential licensing opportunities are determined by a high degree of patents with the same assignee which reference similar art of another assignee which precedes in time the citing patents which are citing it and/or a high degree of similarity as determined by natural language searching amongst patents with different assignees which may or may not cite the patent which proceeds it.
- Fig. 1 depicts a functional block diagram of one system according to the invention; for presenting data in an organized format;
- Fig. 2 depicts one example of a key grid for identifying a working set of documents
- Figs. 3 and 4 depict examples of a web for presenting data in the relationship between data in an organized
- a system will be described for organizing a data set that includes a plurality of data elements each of which represent a Patent Application.
- the systems and methods described herein will organize the Patent publication to create a graphical depiction or a Web that shows the different ad publications within the data set and it depicts graphically the relationship between those patents.
- the graphical depiction is presented as a two dimensional image, however in other embodiments three-dimensional or N-dimensional images or representations are created.
- FIG. 1 depicts a system 10 for aiding a user and searching through a prorality of data elements to identify a subsection of data elements relevant to a particular interest of the user and for organizing the sub set into a graphical depiction that displays a relationship between the different data elements within the data set selected by the user.
- Fig. 1 depicts a system 10 that includes a data processor element 12 and cobbles through a user terminal 14.
- the data processor 12 includes a data retrieval mechanism, a data correlation mechanism 20, a data connection mechanism 22, and a image generator 24, and for the depicted embodiment a polarity of targeted databases 28.
- the system 12 can operate to provide a graphical depiction 30 where precative of the data elements selected by the user and the relationships between the data elements.
- the data processing system 12 depicted in Fig. 10 can be any conventional data processing system such as an IBM PC compatible computer running the windows operating system, or a sub work station running a Unix operating system.
- the user monitor applicable device 14 can be a conventional computer monitor and keyboard.
- the embodiment depicted by Fig. 10 the user port terminal 14 and the data processor 12 provide the user with a conventional data processing platform that can be employed for searching theory the polarity of databases to identify a set of data elements each of which is possibly relevant through to an interest, query, or question of the user.
- the system 10 can operate as a work station that has been programmed, or include an application program, that allows the user to search through polarity of databases to collect information relevant to a user query. From the information collected in response to the user query, the system 10 can organize and analysis the data elements to provide to the user a graphical depiction on the different data elements collected in certain ones of the relationship between those data elements. This is depicted in Fig. 10 by the graphical depiction of data elements 30. Accordingly, it will be understood that the system 10 allows a user to receive a graphical depiction of the returned data set, and thereby allows the user or easily to do some models of current behavior, and other inferences, and thereby provides the user with improved opportunities for data analysis.
- each of the depicted elements 18 through 24 respectively may be implemented as a computer processes or a single computer process operating on the platform 12.
- each of the depicted elements 18 through 24 can be and executing computer process that can be embodied as a computer program such as a C, C++, Fortran, Java, Perl, or other computer language.
- the data retrieval element 18 depicted in Fig.1 includes a database query and set building system of the type commonly employed for allowing a user to build a search query for identifying documents within a database.
- the data retrieval element 18 can be employed key word searchers to allow the user to employ a key word search, or an irritative process keyword search that builds sequences of keywords in a response to a trail of documents retrieved and reviewed by the user. Such a process is similar to a tree tracing process as a subsequent searches narrow and converge upon sets of documents.
- the data retrieval element 18 employed keyword grids that assistant the system operator or a domain specialist in narrowing down relevant information that may form a working set for the user.
- a working set may be understood as a set of useful data retrieved from the polarity of targeted databases 28, which can contain information on a variety of different topics.
- the process for generating a keyword grid is depicted in Fig. 2.
- Fig. 2 depicts a keyword grid 40 that can be generated by the data retrieval element 18 in response to a user query, 42.
- the user query 42 can be a compound user query that includes a polarity of keywords combined together to form a string.
- the meaning of the string can relate to a topic of interest to the user, and can be employed by the user for identifying documents within the targeted databases 28 of interested of the user.
- the data retrieval element 18 parses the user query 42 to identify a polarity of keyword terms 44 such as those depicted in Fig. 2. As further shown in Fig. 2 the keyword terms 44 can be organized in the grid 40 along a set of horizontal and vertical paxes. For example, the user query
- Radio Frequency polymerization use of radio waves to heat momnmers and drive condensation polymerization.
- This user query 42 can be subdivided in a polarity of key terms such as the key terms (radio and frequency); radio and wave; (polimer); (condens*); (condens* and polimer*); (nylon); (head*).
- each of these key terms 44 can be aligned along a respective portion of the horizontal or vertical access to define the keyword grid 40.
- the data retrieval element 18 may perform searches over the targeted databases 28 with these combinations.
- the resulting matches can be represented within the keyword grid 40 and then the system may perform analysis over the grid entries. For example, the system 10 may determine how many unique documents exist between two grid entries between the keyword 40, as many of the matches of both grid entries may be for the same document.
- the data retrieval element 18 may include a keyword parser that can analyze the user query 42 to identify within the user query one or more keywords 44 that can separated out of the query and employed for performing a keyword search over the targeted databases 28.
- the keyword analysis tools used within the data retrieval element 18 comprise conventional analysis systems and specifically in one embodiment comprises , an expanded macro function. However, more sophisticated analysis systems may be employed without departing from the scope of the invention.
- the data retrieval element 18 may include a weighting device that can determine and/or add appropriate statistical measures to the keyword searching process to achieve a higher level of intelligent data gathering. Other such modifications and additions may be made to the data retrieval element 18, and the actual operation of the element 18 will vary depending on the application. In either case, the design and development of the data retrieval element 18 follows from principles known in the art, including those described in McGovern et al., A Guide To Sybase and SQL Server,
- the data retrieval element 18 may conduct the various searches over the targeted databases 28.
- the targeted databases 28 may be supported by any suitable persistent data memory, such as a hard disk drive, RAID system, tape drive system, floppy diskette, or any other suitable system.
- the system 10 depicted in Figure 1 includes databases that are shown as part of the data processing platform 12, but may in alternate embodiments, comprise remote, and/or distributed database systems.
- the working database 28 may comprise a standard Lotus Notes databases, CD-ROM databases, specially constructed databases (eg. a proprietary research database), and WWW databases (web pages gathered from searches as well as the Web, or other Internet service in general).
- these searches may result in several hundred or a few thousand patents that may have direct or indirect impact upon the case being studied.
- a particular company may have 50 patents on DRAM memory and be concerned about (1) its competitors patent portfolios (could be several hundred); (2) its competitive position vis-a-vis those portfolios (relationships between the portfolios); or (3) how does it continue to position its new patents within the field.
- Standard keyword approaches would involve linear iterative searches focused around keyword strings; sets of documents containing these keywords will be selected for further study as the search process continues.
- the system 10, in one practice may first use the Keyword Grid approach that forms compound and complex keyword combinations and then automatically searches the databases 28.
- the system 10 may use information within documents to interactively refme, and in some cases expand, searches.
- the Keyword Grid 40 will yield a matrix of document hits that satisfy various combinations of keyword strings 44.
- the system 10 can then find related documents that are connected to the matrix of documents by various fields or contexts specified by the operator (eg. sister or offspring patent documents).
- the output of the data retrieval element 18 is a high quality working set, WS.
- the system 10 may automatically allow the selection and creation of working sets resulting from 'new' documents that are found through successive searches. The creation of working sets may also apply for unreviewed documents.
- the data correlation element 20 and the data connection element 22 operate on the WS to identify connections and relationships between documents.
- Bot the data correlation element 20 and the data connection element 22 may be processes executing on the data processing platform 12, and can be processes that were written as C, C++, Java, Fortran, PERL, or other computer programs.
- the data correlation element 20 and the data connection element 22 may develop relationships between documents based upon: (1) fields whose contents contain references or pointers to other documents - these can be direct or indirect; (2) HTML links [hyper or hot links]; (3) contextual data within a document that can be developed into pointers or associations with other documents; (4) references that are generated through the use of intermediate documents, one example being a look-up table such as a dictionary or thesaurus; (5) groupings of documents based upon trend analyses that are performed, possibly in parallel, during an Infer trends operation, of the type commonly employed with data analysis systems and methods.
- the design and development of such processes follows from principles known in the art, including those set forth in The Art of Computer Programming : Fundamental Algorithms (Vol 1, 3rd Ed), Donald Ervin
- the infer trend process comprises, at least in part, a visual analysis of a graphical depiction of the data elements in the working set, as well as at least some of the relationships between these data elements.
- the correlation process provided by the data correlation element 20 may function in an iterative fashion, either with itself, or with another function; and (6) general reference established by association of content within one document and content of other documents, or groups of documents.
- FIG. 3 depicts a web showing the relationships and connections related to the Batelle patent.
- Batelle holds a key patent for Bar Code Readers.
- This Web indicates that Eastman Chemical, Xerox, Pitney Bowes and Angstrom Technologies are candidates to consider for potential licensing deals, following a thorough claims analysis.
- Such Webs the results of the data correlation element 20 and data connection element 22, exist in a construct termed a "plane" in the system 10.
- a plane in the system 10.
- Webs can be interconnected (Webs can be organized in a graph-like manner themselves) but all Webs within a plane will generally originate from one or more databases that are similar in content. Since there are many databases with different types of content in the system 10 (with more being added all the time) there are many potential planes. Webs may be interconnected between any two or more planes. Generally a Web will contain a single type of intra-connection selected from the various types of relationships defined previously.
- Webs are rich in visual information with distinct patterns, clusters, and anomalous data, they provide graphical depictions of data sets and the relationships between data sets that may be employed to infer trends readily.
- Some examples of information contained within Webs are given below:
- a Web pattern of converging citation connections may imply a key blocking patent, a seminal patent, or a rich source of potential licensing revenue;
- Patents which have no forward references might imply a unique IP opportunity or conversely, no commercial viability;
- Many patents from a single organization that are concentrated in an area of a Web will lead to a thorough claims analysis of the connected group to determine if blocking positions are being taken by that organization; this, could be correlated with Webs to technical papers and business deals relevant to this position.
- the system 10 includes an image generator 24.
- the image generator 30 may be a computer process operating on the data processing platform 12, and capable of processing the working set data and the identified relationships and connections between different elements within the data set, to create a graphical depiction of the data.
- the image generator 24 processes the data to organize the data elements in manner that allows the data to be depicted in an ordered and comprehendible manner. Processing of the data for creating a Web presentation may be accomplished both functionally and mathematically. On a functional level appropriate use may be made of colors, shapes, connector characteristics, non-linear axes, and Web ghosting within planes to help deduce meaning and relationships. Additionally, a mathematical model has been constructed and implemented that controls characteristics such as minimal visually-projected crossovers, intershape spacing, and interplane connectivities.
- the webs 30 may be employed to identify trends in the data. Trends may be both graphical and statistical in nature. Once a Web has been generated, numerical statistics may be calculated and displayed to help in the analysis of Web data. Currently statistics can be grouped into the following categories: a) Summary statistics of specific fields over a Web. For example: The "top 10" occurring companies assigned patents, ranked in descending order, in this Web of patents; b) Comparative statistics such as charting one organization's Web data against another, or against a group of competitors, c) Time series of statistics (histograms) and comparative time series among groups of documents; and d) Cluster analysis over the Web data by various criteria such as frequency or connectivity.
- the image generator 24 processes the data elements in the working set and the connections and relations determined by the elements 20 and 22 to generate a graph of the working set.
- the linking structure among different pieces of information may be modeled as a graph and the processes described in Zhang et al., Automatic Organization of A WEB Linking Graph, (December 1997); and Bin Zhang, An Intrinsic Hierarchical Structure in Any Undirectd Graph And Its Properties, (October 1998) may be employed.
- a node represents a web page, a page of flat text in hypertext, a scientific publication, a patent or a business identity.
- An edge represents a one-way or two-way relationship, like a link, a reference, etc.
- attributes representing real world information, to the notes and links often exist.
- the nodes could have different shapes and sizes or belong to different classes.
- the process handles attributes.
- the locations of the nodes are to be determined.
- the process gives the coordinates of the nodes that optimize the layout in a comprehensible way (to be defined more precisely) and guarantees no overlapping of the nodes.
- the second requirement gives rise to a lot of constraints on the coordinates.
- one of the coordinates is often better determined by an attribute of the node.
- the time a patent was granted could be very important to the users and assigned to the X-axis's of the screen. In such cases, there will be only one coordinate left to be determined by the algorithm.
- 3D dynamic presentation can be used. The optimization algorithm in such situations could be required to determine three coordinates of a node.
- ⁇ straight- line, polyline, orthogonal, etc - straight line drawing was chosen for its simplicity and drawing area efficiency.
- one of the coordinates is often better determined by an attribute of the node.
- the time a patent was granted could be very important to the users and assigned to the X-axis's of the screen. In such cases, there will be only one coordinate left to be determined by the algorithm.
- 3D dynamic presentation can be used. The optimization algorithm in such situations could be required to determine three coordinates of a node.
- L (L, E, )J G, F, c E, is a subgraph with the property that starting from any node in L, each edge and node has to be passed exactly once to come back to the starting point.
- a single node is called a trivial cycle because there is no edges.
- the nodes in G and the edges in E are classified based on if they can be part of a non-trivial cycle.
- the word "tree" can be explained by the fact that a connected graph is a (free) tree iff it has no cycle-edges.
- E r ⁇ e eE
- e is not part of any non-trivial cycle.
- a subgraph is called a PCG-Subgraph (PCSG) if it is a PCG.
- PCSG PCG-Subgraph
- MPCSG Maximal PCG- subgraph
- any undirected graph is a tree of Pure-Cycic-Graphs of trees.
- a pure cycle graph is a graph that has no tree nodes and free edges. All the leaf-nodes in G are aggregated one by one until there is no more leaf-nodes in the final aggregation G/ Then each maximal PCG is aggregated into a single node, which gives the top level tree T.
- This hierarchy gives the natural partition of the undirected graph for a divide- and-conquer type of algorithm.
- a tree layout algorithm is developed and applied to both the lop level free, T, and the little trees that hung out on the nodes in. PCGs.
- a PCG layout algorithm was developed and applied to each individual PCG.
- the tree-PCG-tree structure works well with any spanning tree of the original graph. This property has been used to traverse the tree-PCG-tree hierarchy.
- the layout of a tree was done through depth first traversal, yielding a graph similar to Figure 3. Subtrees are laid out before the parent so that the total size of the subtrees can be calculated when we assign coordinates to the parent. Special ordering of the children can make the layout more appealing. For example, in our implementation, children were sorted according to the size of their bounding boxes (both length and height). Layout was done symmetrically around the centerline of the parent for its compactness and symmetry. Gaps between children were minimized to save screen space, Bounding boxes of the subtrees which are needed for both calculating the coordinates or the parent and for PCG-subgraph layout (to be presented), were calculated recursively during the layout.
- Each node in the PCG takes the amount of space determined by its bounding box size, which was calculated during the layout of the sub-tree hanging out on the LN. Sequential ordering of the nodes with their bounding boxes non-overlapping ensures the non-overlapping of the nodes in G. The ordering that minimizes the total length of the edges in each PCG was found.
- Any undirected graph is a tree of PCGs, pure-cycle-graphs, of trees (Tree-PCG-Tree hierarchy). This hierarchy gives the natural partition of the undirected graph for a divide-and-conquer type of algorithms.
- a tree layout algorithm is developed and applied to both the top level tree and the little trees that hang out on the nodes in
- PCGs A PCG layout algorithm was developed and applied to each individual PCG.
- the systems described herein may include image generators that provide Webs as arbitrary connections of documents, even between planes ,which themselves represent different databases. This may be achieved as the mathematical models developed are extensible to n dimensions.
- the representation of patents connected within a plane there could be multiple patent Webs, will use the same algorithms to represent connections to other planes (business news, technical journals, funding, government regulations, etc.). The same optimizations, spacing and display considerations will apply, generated from the same underlying processes. There will not be a separate 3-D model, or an n-dimensional model to handle cases where multiple planes are involved.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU31092/00A AU3109200A (en) | 1998-12-04 | 1999-12-06 | Systems and methods for organizing data |
JP2000587286A JP2002532788A (en) | 1998-12-04 | 1999-12-06 | System and method for organizing data |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7171405B2 (en) | 2007-01-30 |
AU3109200A (en) | 2000-06-26 |
US20070174254A1 (en) | 2007-07-26 |
US20040133555A1 (en) | 2004-07-08 |
EP1129417A4 (en) | 2004-06-30 |
EP1129417A1 (en) | 2001-09-05 |
US6604114B1 (en) | 2003-08-05 |
JP2002532788A (en) | 2002-10-02 |
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