WO2000072005B1 - Detection of wear-particles and other impurities in industrial or other fluids - Google Patents

Detection of wear-particles and other impurities in industrial or other fluids

Info

Publication number
WO2000072005B1
WO2000072005B1 PCT/US2000/014395 US0014395W WO0072005B1 WO 2000072005 B1 WO2000072005 B1 WO 2000072005B1 US 0014395 W US0014395 W US 0014395W WO 0072005 B1 WO0072005 B1 WO 0072005B1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrodes
current
voltage
fluid sample
wear
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2000/014395
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2000072005A9 (en
WO2000072005A1 (en
Inventor
Robert W Brown
William C Condit
Yu-Chung Norman Cheng
Donald E Schuele
Original Assignee
Reid Asset Man Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Reid Asset Man Company filed Critical Reid Asset Man Company
Priority to AU52893/00A priority Critical patent/AU5289300A/en
Publication of WO2000072005A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000072005A1/en
Publication of WO2000072005B1 publication Critical patent/WO2000072005B1/en
Publication of WO2000072005A9 publication Critical patent/WO2000072005A9/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/17—Ink jet characterised by ink handling
    • B41J2/175—Ink supply systems ; Circuit parts therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/17—Ink jet characterised by ink handling
    • B41J2/175—Ink supply systems ; Circuit parts therefor
    • B41J2/17503—Ink cartridges
    • B41J2/17543—Cartridge presence detection or type identification
    • B41J2/17546—Cartridge presence detection or type identification electronically
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/17—Ink jet characterised by ink handling
    • B41J2/175—Ink supply systems ; Circuit parts therefor
    • B41J2/17566—Ink level or ink residue control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/21—Ink jet for multi-colour printing
    • B41J2/2103—Features not dealing with the colouring process per se, e.g. construction of printers or heads, driving circuit adaptations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • G01N15/0656—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions using electric, e.g. electrostatic methods or magnetic methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/26—Oils; viscous liquids; paints; inks
    • G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
    • G01N33/2835—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids specific substances contained in the oil or fuel
    • G01N33/2858—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids specific substances contained in the oil or fuel metal particles

Abstract

A method of detecting contamination in a fluid sample includes bringing a fluid sample into contact with a pair of spaced apart electrodes and applying a plurality of voltages across the electrodes, wherein the plurality of voltages vary in magnitude between a first and second voltage level. The current is then measured between the electrodes at the plurality of voltages and a contamination level is determined using the measured currents. A system for determining a particulate contamination level in a fluid sample is also described. The system includes a sensor including a pair of spaced apart electrodes (106), wherein the fluid sample (104) is brought into contact with the electrodes for detection of the level of particulate contamination therein, and a voltage application means (110) for applying a voltage across the spaced apart electrodes. The system also further includes a current sensor (112) coupled to one of the electrodes. The current sensor measures a current magnitude between the electrodes and the current magnitude is associated with the particulate contamination level in the fluid sample.

Claims

AMENDED CLAIMS[received by the International Bureau on 1 December 2000 (01.12.00); original claims 3, 4, 6, 10-13, 17, 24 and 25 amended; new claims 27-30 added; remaining claims unchanged (5 pages)]
1. A method of detecting wear-particle contamination in a fluid sample, comprising the steps of: bringing the fluid sample into contact with a pair of spaced apart electrodes; applying a voltage across the pair of spaced apart electrodes; measuring a current between the electrodes; and determining whether a predetermined contamination level exists within the fluid sample based on the measured current
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the spaced apart electrodes comprise interdigitated electrodes formed on a substrate.
3. The method of either of claims 1 or claim 2, wherein the applied voltage is a DC voltage having a value substantially equal to a critical voltage associated with the predetermined contamination level.
4. The method of claim any of claims 1-3, wherein applying the voltage across the electrodes comprise coupling a variable DC power supply across the electrodes to thereby generate a potential difference and thus an electric field therebetween.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying a voltage across the electrodes comprises applying a time-varying voltage across the electrodes, wherein the time- varying voltage is a substantially linear function of time.
6. The method of any of claims 1-5, wherein determining whether a contamination level exists comprises the steps of: comparing the current to a predetermined current threshold; and determining that the contamination level exists within the fluid sample if the current exceeds the predetermined current threshold.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the predetermined current threshold is related to a point in a current versus voltage curve for the predetermined contamination level where a slope changes from a low value to a high value, thus indicating a substantial change in conductivity between the electrodes.
8. A method of detecting wear-particle contamination in a fluid sample, comprising the steps of: bringing a fluid sample into contact with a pair of spaced apart electrodes; applying a plurality of voltages across the electrodes, wherein the plurality of voltages vary in magnitude between a first and second voltage level; measuring a current between the electrodes at the plurality of voltages; and determining a wear-particle contamination level in the fluid sample using the measured currents.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein bringing the fluid sample into contact with the electrodes comprises the steps of: forming the electrodes on a substrate; and placing the fluid sample over the substrate, thereby substantially immersing the electrodes within the fluid sample.
10. The method of either of claim 8 or claim 9, wherein applying the plurality of voltages across the electrodes comprises the steps of: coupling a variable, DC power supply to the electrodes; and varying the power supply over time to thereby provide the differing applied voltages.
11. The method of any of claims 8-10, wherein the first voltage level is zero volts and the second voltage level is greater than a critical voltage at which a substantial increase in current will occur between the electrodes.
12. The method of any of claims 8-11 , wherein measuring a current in the fluid sample comprises coupling a current meter in series with one of the electrodes and reading the current meter at the plurality of applied voltages.
13. The method of any of claims 8-12, wherein determining the wear-particle contamination level comprises the steps of: identifying a critical voltage using the plot of measured currents; and correlating the identified critical voltage to the contamination level.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the critical voltage corresponds to a voltage value which produces an electric field between the electrodes, and wherein an electrostatic force associated with the electric field is sufficient to substantially align a plurality of wear-particle contaminants within the fluid to form a bridge between the electrodes, and wherein the bridge substantially reduces a resistance between the electrodes.
25
AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE !9)
15. The method of claim 13, wherein identifying the critical voltage comprises the steps of: plotting the measured currents for each of the applied voltages; calculating a slope at multiple points along the plot of measured currents; and selecting the applied voltage value at which the slope exceeds a predetermined value as the critical voltage.
16. The method of claim 13, wherein identifying the critical voltage comprises the steps of: comparing the measured currents to a predetermined threshold; and identifying the lowest applied voltage which produced a current that exceeds the predetermined threshold.
17. The method of any of claims 8-16, wherein bringing a fluid sample into contact with the electrodes comprises the steps of: forming the electrodes on a substrate; placing the substrate within a container; and filling at least a portion of the container with the fluid sample, wherein the fluid sample covers the electrodes.
18. The method of claim 17, further comprising the step of waiting a predetermined period of time before applying the voltages and measuring the current in the fluid sample, wherein the predetermined period of time is sufficient to allow gravity to cause a settling of some of the contaminants in the fluid near the electrodes.
19. A system for determining a wear-particle contamination level in a fluid sample, comprising: a sensor including a pair of spaced apart electrodes, wherein the fluid sample is brought into contact with the electrodes for detection of the level of wear-particle contamination therein; a voltage application circuit for applying a voltage across the spaced apart electrodes; and a current sensor coupled to one of the electrodes, wherein the current sensor measures a current magnitude between the electrodes, and wherein the current magnitude is associated with the particulate contamination level in the fluid sample.
26
20. The system of claim 19, further comprising a processor coupled to the voltage application circuit and the current sensor, wherein the processor is operable to control a magnitude of the applied voltage provided by the voltage application circuit and is further operable to compare the current magnitude to a predetermined threshold and identify the lowest applied voltage at which the current magnitude exceeds the predetermined threshold.
21. The system of claim 20, wherein the processor determines the particulate contamination level in the fluid sample using the value of the lowest applied voltage at which the current magnitude exceeds the predetermined threshold.
22. The system of claim 21 , wherein the processor determines the particulate contamination level in the fluid sample, by one of calculating the particulate contamination level using the value of the applied voltage according to a programmed algorithm or determining the particulate contamination level using the value of the applied voltage in a look up table.
23. The system of claim 19, further comprising a processor coupled to the voltage application circuit and the current sensor, wherein the processor is operable to control a magnitude of the applied voltage provided by the voltage application circuit and is further operable to detect a rate of change of current between the electrodes and identify the applied voltage at which the rate of change of current exceeds a predetermined threshold.
24. The system of any of claims 20-23, further comprising a display coupled to the processor, wherein the display provides an illustration of one or more portions of output data associated with the fluid sample.
25. The system of any of claims 19-24, wherein the voltage application circuit comprises a variable power supply which is operable to apply a plurality of voltage values across the electrodes.
26. A method of detecting wear-particle contamination in a fluid, comprising the steps of: bringing a fluid sample having wear-particle contaminants therein into contact with a pair of spaced apart electrodes; applying a voltage across the pair of spaced apart electrodes, wherein the voltage generates an electric field between the electrodes, and wherein the electric field exerts an electrostatic force on the wear-particle contaminants; increasing the voltage to a critical voltage value, wherein the critical voltage value produces an electric field having an electrostatic force which is sufficient to substantially align some of the wear-particle contaminants in the fluid between the electrodes, thereby forming a bridge between the electrodes, and wherein the bridge of wear- particle contaminants substantially reduces the resistance between the electrodes; and correlating the critical voltage value to a wear-particle contamination level, thereby identifying the wear-particle contamination in the fluid.
27. The method of any of claims 1-18 wherein said determining step comprises identifying the current at which there is a substantial change in conductivity of the fluid sample and correlating the identified current to a contamination level.
28. The method of any of claims 1-18 wherein said determining step comprises identifying the current at which there is an electric field having an electrostatic force which is sufficient to substantially align some of the wear-particle contaminants in the fluid between the electrodes to thereby forming a bridge between the electrodes and correlating the identified current to a contamination level.
29. The system of any of claims 20-24 wherein said processor identifies the current at which there is a substantial change in conductivity of the fluid sample and correlates the identified current to a contamination level.
30. The system of any of claims 20-34 wherein said processor identifies the current at which there is an electric field having an electrostatic force which is sufficient to substantially align some of the wear-particle contaminants in the fluid between the electrodes to thereby forming a bridge between the electrodes and correlates the identified current to a contamination level.
28
AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE !9)
PCT/US2000/014395 1999-05-24 2000-05-24 Detection of wear-particles and other impurities in industrial or other fluids WO2000072005A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU52893/00A AU5289300A (en) 1999-05-24 2000-05-24 Detection of wear-particles and other impurities in industrial or other fluids

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/317,506 1999-05-24
US09/317,506 US6255954B1 (en) 1999-01-29 1999-05-24 Detection of wear-particles and other impurities in industrial or other fluids

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000072005A1 WO2000072005A1 (en) 2000-11-30
WO2000072005B1 true WO2000072005B1 (en) 2001-03-15
WO2000072005A9 WO2000072005A9 (en) 2002-06-20

Family

ID=23233966

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2000/014395 WO2000072005A1 (en) 1999-05-24 2000-05-24 Detection of wear-particles and other impurities in industrial or other fluids

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US6255954B1 (en)
AU (1) AU5289300A (en)
WO (1) WO2000072005A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU5289300A (en) 2000-12-12
US6255954B1 (en) 2001-07-03
WO2000072005A9 (en) 2002-06-20
WO2000072005A1 (en) 2000-11-30

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