WO2001009665A1 - Optical beam shaper - Google Patents
Optical beam shaper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001009665A1 WO2001009665A1 PCT/US2000/020946 US0020946W WO0109665A1 WO 2001009665 A1 WO2001009665 A1 WO 2001009665A1 US 0020946 W US0020946 W US 0020946W WO 0109665 A1 WO0109665 A1 WO 0109665A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- light
- beam shaper
- light source
- lens
- etched
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
- G02B27/4233—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive element [DOE] contributing to a non-imaging application
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
- G01B11/2425—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures of screw-threads
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
- G01B11/245—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures using a plurality of fixed, simultaneously operating transducers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for inspecting components and particularly to one using an array of light sources and video devices as a means of evaluating a component for conformance to spatial form criteria.
- a variety of non-contact systems are also known using a variety of techniques. For example, ultrasonic inspection systems examine reflected sound waves as a means of characterizing a component. Various systems based on photodetection utilizing single channel photodetectors are also known. In addition, laser gauging systems are used in which specific dimensional measurements can be obtained.
- non-contact inspection systems are generally extremely useful, they have certain limitations. Many of the presently available non-contact gauging systems require complex data processing approaches which impose speed limitations in part evaluations. For example, systems utilizing two- dimensional photosensitive arrays impose extreme data processing requirements, which has the effect of reducing part throughput. Preferably, evaluation of a workpiece can be conducted in a rapid enough fashion that the parts can be directly sorted into qualified or disqualified part streams.
- the systems which are capable of such high speed inspection lack valuable signal processing capabilities such as edge detection and real time imaging. Edge detection enhances the accuracy of the inspection enabling the parts inspection system to overcome the inherent limitations of discrete photodetectors.
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of the non-contact inspection system according to this invention
- Figure 2 is a view taken along line 2-2 of Figure 1 particularly showing the test section
- a particular part meets the criteria, it passes into parts bin 24 provided for qualified or go o d parts. If, however, the part is deemed to be out of conformance, gate 26 is actuated and the part is diverted into parts bin 28 provided for disqualified or b ad parts. Presumably, good parts will outnumber bad parts and the parts bins are sized accordingly.
- computer 32 provided for evaluating the outputs of the system, controlling the system, and providing a means of storing data related to part criteria and inspection history.
- a pair of displays 34 and 36 is provided, one of which may output in graphical from configuration data for a particular part, whereas the other may be used for outputting statistical or other numerical data related to inspection.
- the light sources 40 provides a uniform sheet of light 44 which the part 22 occludes as it travels through test section 18.
- the extent and time to which this uniform sheet 44 is occluded by the part 22 is related to its shape.
- the CCD line arrays 42 will measure the occluded light and generate an output signal and direct that output signal to a signal processor.
- a framework 46 supports and encloses control and power circuitry including a laser control board 48 and a glass board 50 for the light source 40.
- a laser diode 52 has a power intensity which is controlled by the laser control board 48 which may be further connected to an external control system by a data communication link so that it may be integrated into a manufacturing line.
- a laser diode 52 is shown, any other type of light or laser light generator such as alternate semiconductor lasers, gas lasers, solid state lasers, and liquid dye lasers may be used with the present invention.
- the laser diode 52 generates laser light 54 which is incident upon a diffractive beam shaper 56 that maps an input intensity distribution to an output intensity distribution.
- the diffractive beam shaper 56 may include gratings, prisms, grisms, lenses, and interferometers to create the desired fringe patterns and intensity distributions.
- the fringe patterns will vary in width and orientation, depending on the diffractive beam shaper's 56 characteristics. By designing the diffractive beam shaper 56 with an appropriate fringe pattern, one can reflect light into different directions based on the equations describing the different characteristics of the diffractive beam shaper 56.
- Figure 6 illustrates one embodiment of the diffractive beam shaper 56 of the present invention as an etched glass grating 70.
- the surface of the glass grating 70 has been magnified to show the etched 72 and nonetched 74 regions.
- the etched regions 72 are represented as darker areas and the nonetched regions 74 are represented as lighter areas.
- the grating 70 operates as follows: rays of light are deflected at larger angles where the nonetched 74 regions are narrower and close together, and are deflected by smaller angles where the nonetched regions 74 are wider and farther apart. In this way the incident light can be evenly distributed as it exits the grating 70.
- the etched 72 and nonetched 74 regions have dimensions with magnitudes corresponding to the chosen light wavelengths incident upon the grating 70.
- the laser light 54 is further conditioned by a refractive spherical or cylindrical lens 58.
- the lens 58 reduces the divergence of the laser light 54 and therefor reduces the need to manufacture more precise diffraction devices in the diffractive beam shaper 56. Additionally, a conventional refractive element might also be used to roughly collimate the output beam.
- the laser light 54 will finally be conditioned by a convex lens 60 in order to focus the laser light 54.
- the output of the light source 40 will then comprise a uniform sheet of light 44.
- a part 22 will occlude a portion of the light rays and create a shadow against the CCD line arrays 42.
- the shadows created by the parts are indistinct and lack sharp transitions to the lighted areas.
- special software has been created to define where the actual part edge is on the CCD line arrays 42.
- Each light source 40 used in the array will emit only a certain frequency of light and each CCD line array 42 will include a filter to allow only its matched frequency to be detected. In this manner, there will be no crosstalk generated between each light source and its matched CCD line array 42.
- a CCD line array is an electronic imaging device which contains a linear row of discrete photo sensing elements or pixels which convert incident light into an electrical signal. The strength of the signal is directly related to the intensity of light striking the pixels.
- the CCD line array generates an output signal composed of a plurality of digital and analog signals. Each pixel when saturated by an intense light can function as an o n condition or when fully blocked can function as an off condition. There are also circumstances when certain pixels may be only partially blocked. During these periods, the pixels can generate analog signals proportional to the amount of light they are receiving.
- the CCD line array converts the incident light on each pixel into discrete charge packets. The amount of charge generated or integrated onto each pixel is a function of the integration time, and the intensity and wavelength of the light focused on the photocell.
- CCD line arrays can operate with data ranges in the megahertz or more and produce 70,000 or more scans per second. The data is also available immediately whereas a particular line from an area sensor is only available after the lines preceding it have been read out. Furthermore, the lines are sequential and are available one right after another. This makes CCD line arrays ideally suited for applications where motion is present.
- a CCD line array is placed so as to align the row of pixels perpendicular to the direction of motion. That makes resolution in the direction of motion dependent on integration time, pixel size and the motion velocity. In the present invention the CCD line array can be adjusted to suit the application.
- the CCD line array possesses excellent uniformity. Since a line scan camera contains a single row of pixels, the uniformity can be held much tighter than in an area array with several hundred thousand pixels. In the present invention high precision imaging applications, contrast correction hardware, and software algorithms are more easily implemented over a single line of pixels. Another valuable property of the CCD line array is that an infinitely long or continuous picture can be generated. In effect, that is what a continuously moving conveyor belt or other continuous feed system presents to the camera. The CCD line array will not chop off images as an area camera would need to in order to examine data. The CCD line array is a practical solution for the highspeed imaging of continuous feed systems.
- a microcomputer such as a PC is equipped with a signal processor-l/O card 64 and interface to the CCD line arrays 42.
- the present invention is preferably integrated with an Intel based PC although other computers including Sun workstations, Hewlett Packard workstations, Silicon Graphics workstations, Macintosh computers, IBM workstations, Motorola microprocessor based PC s, and digital controllers may be used.
- the output from the CCD line arrays 42 is composed of sequential contiguous lines. These lines are processed in the order in which they are received.
- the shift registers 62 transfer discrete and analog information to the signal processor-l/O card 64 located in a computer 32.
- the signal processor 64 will interpret analog and digital information transferred by the shift registers 62, the signal processor 64 will in effect, rearrange the lines into the correct sequence.
- the processed data will then be stored in memory 66 to be further manipulated by microprocessor 68.
- proprietary software has been constructed to aid in the detection of workpiece edges being examined by the inspection system.
- This software is designed to interpret the blurred shadows cast by the part onto the CCD line arrays 42 as it occludes the light from the diffuse light source.
- the pixels of the CCD line arrays 42 as discussed previously, have the ability to generate analog signals proportional to the amount of light they are receiving.
- the pixel signals generated by the pixels receiving the blurred shadow edges will generate signals representing a light strength gradient from those pixels completely occluded to those completely unoccluded.
- the software will interpret this gradient and predict where the edge of the part should be.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002379561A CA2379561A1 (en) | 1999-08-02 | 2000-08-01 | Optical beam shaper |
EP00957278A EP1198731A4 (en) | 1999-08-02 | 2000-08-01 | Optical beam shaper |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/366,027 US6313948B1 (en) | 1999-08-02 | 1999-08-02 | Optical beam shaper |
US09/366,027 | 1999-08-02 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001009665A1 true WO2001009665A1 (en) | 2001-02-08 |
WO2001009665A8 WO2001009665A8 (en) | 2001-04-05 |
Family
ID=23441380
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2000/020946 WO2001009665A1 (en) | 1999-08-02 | 2000-08-01 | Optical beam shaper |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6313948B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1198731A4 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2379561A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001009665A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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AT520613A1 (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2019-05-15 | Voestalpine Tubulars Gmbh & Co Kg | Device for optical measurement of the external thread profile of pipes |
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-
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- 2000-08-01 CA CA002379561A patent/CA2379561A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-08-01 WO PCT/US2000/020946 patent/WO2001009665A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT520613A1 (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2019-05-15 | Voestalpine Tubulars Gmbh & Co Kg | Device for optical measurement of the external thread profile of pipes |
US11340062B2 (en) | 2017-11-13 | 2022-05-24 | Voestalpine Tubulars Gmbh & Co Kg | Device for optically measuring the external-thread profile of a pipe |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2379561A1 (en) | 2001-02-08 |
EP1198731A1 (en) | 2002-04-24 |
EP1198731A4 (en) | 2004-08-04 |
WO2001009665A8 (en) | 2001-04-05 |
US6313948B1 (en) | 2001-11-06 |
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