WO2001023369A2 - Process for preparing benzoic acids - Google Patents
Process for preparing benzoic acids Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001023369A2 WO2001023369A2 PCT/US2000/021974 US0021974W WO0123369A2 WO 2001023369 A2 WO2001023369 A2 WO 2001023369A2 US 0021974 W US0021974 W US 0021974W WO 0123369 A2 WO0123369 A2 WO 0123369A2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
- C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
- C07D295/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D295/084—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the oxygen or sulfur atoms attached to the same carbon chain, which is not interrupted by carbocyclic rings
- C07D295/088—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the oxygen or sulfur atoms attached to the same carbon chain, which is not interrupted by carbocyclic rings to an acyclic saturated chain
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D333/50—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D333/52—Benzo[b]thiophenes; Hydrogenated benzo[b]thiophenes
- C07D333/54—Benzo[b]thiophenes; Hydrogenated benzo[b]thiophenes with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
- C07D333/56—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the fields of pharmaceutical and organic chemistry and provides a novel process for preparing 4 [ (2-piperidin-l-yl) ethoxy]benzoic acid derivative compounds .
- R is C 1 -C 6 alkyl
- R 1 and R 2 each are independently C 1 -C 4 alkyl, or combine together with the nitrogen atom to which R 1 and R 2 n is 2 or 3 ; or acid salt thereof; are important intermediates in the manufacture of compounds of formula II
- R 3 and R 4 are independently hydrogen or a hydroxy protecting group
- R 1 , R 2 and n are as defined above; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- compounds of formula I are prepared by reacting, for example, ⁇ -chloroethylpiperidine hydrochloride and ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate in methyl ethyl ketone, in the presence of potassium carbonate (see, U.S. Pat. No. 4,418,068).
- An improved process for preparing compounds of formula I was disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,631,369, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- the disclosures of both reference patents teach the use of anhydrous powdered potassium carbonate as the preferred base for enhancing the rate of the reaction, implying that the particle size of anhydrous potassium carbonate is crucial to the alkylation reaction.
- Powdered potassium carbonate is relatively more expensive than granular hydrated potassium carbonate, and a controlled atmosphere may be required to maintain the anhydrous nature of powdered potassium carbonate. These factors add to the overall cost of manufacture of compounds of formula I and II.
- anhydrous potassium carbonate on a manufacturing scale results in a heterogenous mixture, thus limiting the ability to effectively agitate the mixture. This in turn makes it difficult to perform the reaction at a higher concentration, resulting ultimately in a lower throughput .
- the present invention provides a novel process for preparing compounds of formula I
- R is C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl
- R 1 and R 2 each are independently C 1 -C 4 alkyl, or combine together with the nitrogen atom to which R 1 and R 2 are attached, to form piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, methylpyrrolidinyl , dimethylpyrrolidinyl , morpholino, or 1-hexamethyleneimino; and n is 2 or 3; or an acid salt thereof, which comprises: reacting a haloalkyl amine of formula III
- X is a halogen; and R 1 , R 2 , and n are as defined above, with a compound of formula IV:
- R is Ci-Cg alkyl, in the presence of a hydrated inorganic base, in an appropriate solvent.
- the present invention further provides a process for preparing compounds of formula II
- R 1 , R 2 and n are as defined above and;
- R 3 and R 4 are each independently hydrogen or a hydroxy protecting group; and n is 2 or 3 ; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, from compounds of formula I.
- C 1 -C 4 alkyl refers to straight or branched chains of 1 to 4 carbon atoms including, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, n-butyl, and isobutyl; and the term “Ci-C ⁇ alkyl” encompasses the groups included in the definition of "C 1 -C 4 alkyl” in addition to groups such as pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl , isohexyl, and the like.
- halo or halogen includes bromo, chloro, fluoro, and iodo.
- appropriate solvent refers to a C 1 -C 6 alkyl acetate possessing the desired boiling point for the particular reaction substrate, and possessing an appropriate miscibility with an aqueous phase for the substrate of the reaction.
- aqueous acid or “appropriate acid” as used herein refer to any one of the inorganic or organic acids capable of protonating a basic group such as an amino group or a carboxylate anion to form the corresponding acid addition salt or acid, without effecting deleterious manipulations of the molecule.
- Examples include but are not limited to aqueous hydrochloric acid, anhydrous hydrogen chloride, dilute phosphoric acid, dilute sulfuric acid, acetic acid and the like.
- acid salt denote non- covalently bonded, addition compounds formed by the reaction of an organic or inorganic acid which is water soluble, preferably an inorganic acid with a basic molecule i.e., a molecule containing typically an amino group or other nitrogen atom containing group, for example, a compound of formula I.
- hydrated inorganic base refers to non-anhydrous inorganic base, for example, sodium carbonate containing from 1 to 20% water of hydration or up to the limit of hydration for the particular base.
- the water content (hence the hydration) can be attained by (1) addition of water as a bulk solvent or (2) introduced with potassium carbonate as water of hydration of the potassium carbonate. Hydrated potassium carbonate can be obtained commercially as potassium carbonate sesquihydrate .
- hydroxy protecting group and "-OH protecting group” as used herein are synonymous, and bear the commonly understood meaning and refer particularly, to a group used to replace the hydrogen atom of a hydroxy group for the purposes of avoiding reaction at the hydroxy group, providing bulk or other generally understood purposes.
- R 3 and R 4 hydroxy protecting groups when R 3 and R 4 are not hydrogen, denote groups which generally are not found in the final therapeutically active compounds, but which are intentionally introduced during a portion of the synthetic process to protect a group which otherwise might react in the course of chemical manipulations, and is then removed at a later stage of the synthesis. Since compounds bearing such protecting groups are of importance primarily as chemical intermediates (although some derivatives also exhibit biological activity) , their precise structure is not critical. Numerous reactions for the formation and removal of such protecting groups are described in a number of standard works including, for example, Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry, Plenum Press (London and New York, 1973); Green, T. ., Protective
- hydroxy protecting groups include, for example, -C 1 -C 4 alkyl, -CO- (C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl), -S0 2 - (C -C 6 alkyl), and -CO-Ar in which Ar is optionally substituted phenyl .
- substituted phenyl refers to a phenyl group having one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 5 alkoxy, hydroxy, nitro, chloro, fluoro, and tri(chloro or fluoro) methyl.
- C 1 -C 5 alkoxy represents a C 1 -C 5 alkyl group attached through an oxygen bridge such as, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, and the like.
- Preferred R 3 and R 4 hydroxy protecting groups are C 1 -C 4 alkyl, particularly methyl.
- the present invention provides a process for preparing a compound of formula I which is illustrated in Scheme 1 below: Sche e 1
- an amount of a haloalkyl amine of formula III is reacted with about 1 mole equivalent of a 4-hydroxybenzoate of formula IV and a hydrated inorganic base, in the presence of an appropriate solvent.
- a solvent typically from about 1 to 3 molar equivalents, preferably from about 1 to 1.5 molar equivalents and most preferably about 1.05 molar equivalent of haloalkyl amine of formula III is utilized.
- from about 1 to 3 molar equivalents preferably from about 1 to 1.5 molar equivalents and most preferably 1.05 molar equivalent of base is utilized.
- a preferred formula III compound is that in which R 1 and R 2 combine to form piperidinyl, n is 2, and X is chloro, while a preferred formula IV compound is that in which R is methyl.
- a preferred solvent is a Ci-C ⁇ alkyl acetate solvent including those in which the alkyl moiety of such solvent is a straight or branched chain alkyl moiety having one to six carbon atoms.
- Preferred alkyl acetate solvents include, for example, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate, amyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, and the like.
- a most preferred C ⁇ -C alkyl acetate solvent is amyl acetate.
- a hydrated inorganic base such as a carbonate or bicarbonate base, is preferred.
- granular potassium carbonate containing from about 1-20% of water is preferred.
- Granular potassium carbonate with from about 3-5% water content is the most efficient for enhancing the rate of completion of the reaction and hence is most preferred for the practice of the invention.
- alkylation reaction mixture under an inert atmosphere, such as, for example, argon, or, particularly, nitrogen.
- the present reaction may be run at a temperature from about 80°C to the reflux temperature of the solvent.
- a preferred temperature range is from about 100°C to about 150°C, while a range from about 118°C to about 125°C is especially preferred.
- the length of time for this reaction is that amount necessary for the reaction to substantially occur.
- this reaction takes from about 2 to 24 hours.
- the optimal time can be determined by monitoring the progress of the reaction via conventional chromatographic techniques.
- a preferred reaction time is from 2 to 6 hours.
- a particularly preferred reaction time is from
- reaction time is from 4 to 4.5 hours .
- the alkylation mixture is cooled, to between about 30°C and about 70°C, and washed with water to dissolve the added basic salt. An appropriate aqueous acid is then added to the mixture to extract the compound of formula I.
- aqueous hydrochloric acid is used for the extraction process, forming a hydrochloride salt of the formula I compound.
- Other aqueous acids such as, for example, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid and the like, may be used, and the corresponding formula I acid salt is provided.
- the compound of formula I may optionally be isolated as the free base by methods known in the art including but not limited to chromatography, distillation and or crystallization.
- the acid salt of the formula I compound may be utilized in- si tu without isolation.
- the aryl or alkyl ester of the desired formula I compound is cleaved via standard procedures, providing a compound of formula Ia
- Rl , R2 , and n are as defined above.
- the formula I acid compound is heated to a temperature in the range from about 80°C to about 150°C, preferably from about 95°C to about 100°C. At the preferred temperature range, an acceptable level of formula Ia compound is produced in about 4 hours.
- the ester cleaving may be accelerated by distilling and removing the alcohol formed via acid hydrolysis.
- X is a halogen, preferably bromine or chlorine; and R, R1, R ⁇ , R3 , and ⁇ are as defined above.
- a compound of formula I or its derivative such as the amide, formyl or acid derivates are converted to the acid halide compound of formula V, preferably an acid chloride or acid bromide, by methods well known to one skilled in the art.
- acid chlorides acyl halides
- general reference texts for the formation of acid chlorides include for example, March, J. Advanced Organic Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y., 1985, and Larock, R.C. Comprehensive organic transformations , (1989), VCH Publishers Inc. New York, NY.
- a preferred procedure for acyl halide formation involves reacting the acid compound Ia, with an acyl halide forming reagent to provide a compound of formula V, in a solvent such as dichloromethane, 1 , 2-dichloroethane, toluene or tetrahydrofuran.
- Typical acyl halide forming reagents include but are not limited to phospgene, thionyl chloride, oxalyl chloride, phosphorus trichloride, triphenylphosphine dibromide and acids such as hydrochloric, and hydrogen fluoride.
- Preferred acyl halide forming agents for the practice of this invention include oxalyl chloride, anhydrous hydrogen chloride, thionyl chloride. Most preferred is thionyl chloride.
- the acyl halide compound of formula V may be acylated with a compound of formula VI to provide a compound of formula II .
- Compounds of formula VI and procedures for the acylation step are known in the art and are also described for example, by Peters in U.S. Pat. No. 4,380,635, and in Jones, et al . , in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,133,814 and 4,418,068, each of which is herein incorporated by reference.
- a preferred formula I compound for the present acylation reaction is that in which R 1 and R 2 are combined together with the nitrogen atom to which R 1 and R 2 are attached, to form piperidinyl and n is 2.
- the acid mixture was combined with the organic layer. The layers were separated and the organic layer was discarded.
- the mixture was cooled to less than 40°C, 550 liters of acetone was added to the mixture and the mixture was cooled to 0°C - 5°C and stirred for 1 hour.
- the product was collected by filtration on a centrifuge.
- the wet cake was rinsed on the centrifuge with 400 of acetone.
- the product was dried in a rotary vacuum (double cone) dryer at less than 50°C and 25-27 inches in mercury. Yield was 91% of theoretical .
- a dilute solution of aqueous hydrochloride acid was prepared by adding 42.6g of reagent grade hydrochloric acid to 15mL of deionized water. This solution was added to the organic phase, stirred for 15 minutes and the phases separated. The organic phase was discarded. The aqueous phase was heated to reflux for 5 hours. After approximately 1.5 hours at reflux the desired product began to precipitate. The product slurry was cooled to less than 40°C and 55mL of acetone was added. The mixture was cooled to 0°C - 5°C and stirred for 1 hour. The product was collected by filtration and washed with a minimum of acetone pre-chilled to 0°C . The product was dried in a vacuum oven at ambient temperature. Yield was 90.6% of theory. The potency of the product by HPLC compared to a reference standard was 99.2%.
- a dilute solution of aqueous hydrochloride acid was prepared by adding 42.6g of reagent grade hydrochloric acid to 15mL of deionized water. This solution was added to the organic phase, stirred for 15 minutes and the phases separated. The organic phase was discarded. The aqueous phase was heated to reflux for 5 hours. After approximately 1.5 hours at reflux the desired product began to precipitate. The product slurry was cooled to less than 40°C and 55mL of acetone was added. The mixture was cooled to 0°C - 5°C and stirred for 1 hour.
- the product was collected by filtration and washed with a minimum of acetone pre-chilled to 0°C. The product was dried in a vacuum oven at ambient temperature. Yield was 93.4% of theory. The potency of the product by HPLC calibrated against a reference standard was 101.0%.
- a dilute solution of aqueous hydrochloride acid was prepared by adding 42.6g of reagent grade hydrochloric acid to 15mL of deionized water. This solution was added to the organic phase, stirred for 15 in and the phases separated. The organic phase was discarded. The aqueous phase was heated to reflux for 5 hours. After approximately 1.5 hours at reflux the desired product began to precipitate. The product slurry was cooled to less than 40°C and 55mL of acetone was added. The mixture was cooled to 0°C - 5°C and stirred for 1 hour.
- the product was collected by filtration and washed with a minimum of acetone pre-chilled to 0°C .
- the product was dried in a vacuum oven at ambient temperature. Yield was 91.3% of theory.
- the potency of the product by HPLC calibrated against a reference standard was 101.0%.
- a dilute solution of aqueous hydrochloride acid was prepared by adding 127.8g of reagent grade hydrochloric acid to 45mL of deionized water. This solution was added to the organic phase, stirred for 15 minutes and the phases separated. The organic phase was discarded. The aqueous phase was heated to reflux for 5 hours. After approximately 1.5 hours at reflux the desired product began to precipitate. The product slurry was cooled to less than 40°C and 123.7mL of acetone was added. The mixture was cooled to 0°C - 5°C and stirred for 1 hour.
- the product was collected by filtration and washed with a minimum of acetone pre-chilled to 0°C .
- the product was dried in a vacuum oven at ambient temperature. Yield was 93.7% of theory.
- the potency of the product by HPLC vs a reference standard was 100.0%.
- a dilute solution of aqueous hydrochloride acid was prepared by adding 95.85g of reagent grade hydrochloric acid to 33.75mL of deionized water. This solution was added to the organic phase, stirred for 15 minutes and the phases separated. The organic phase was discarded. The aqueous phase was heated to reflux for 5 hours. After approximately 1.5 hours at reflux the desired product began to precipitate. The product slurry was cooled to less than 40°C and 123.7mL of acetone was added. The mixture was cooled to 0°C - 5°C and stirred for 1 hour.
- the product was collected by filtration and washed with a minimum of acetone pre-chilled to 0°C. The product was dried in a vacuum oven at ambient temperature. Yield was 93.2% of theory. The potency of the product by HPLC versus a reference standard was 100.5%.
- a dilute solution of aqueous hydrochloride acid was prepared by adding 63.9g of reagent grade hydrochloric acid to 45mL of deionized water. This solution was added to the organic phase, stirred for 15 minutes and the phases separated. The organic phase was discarded. The aqueous phase was heated to reflux for 5 hours . After approximately 1.5 hours at reflux the desired product began to precipitate. The product slurry was cooled to less than 40°C and 123.7mL of acetone was added. The mixture was cooled to 0°C - 5°C and stirred for 1 hour. The product was collected by filtration and washed with a minimum of acetone pre-chilled to 0°C . The product was dried in a vacuum oven at ambient temperature. Yield was 94.7% of theory. The potency of the product by HPLC versus a reference standard was 99.2%.
- a dilute solution of aqueous hydrochloride acid was prepared by adding 63.9g of reagent grade hydrochloric acid to 22.5mL of deionized water. This solution was added to the organic phase, stirred for 15 in and the phases separated. The organic phase was discarded. The aqueous phase was heated to reflux for 5 hours. After approximately 1.5 hours at reflux the desired product began to precipitate. The product slurry was cooled to less than 40°C and 123.7mL of acetone was added. The mixture was cooled to 0°C - 5°C and stirred for 1 hour.
- the product was collected by filtration and washed with a minimum of acetone pre-chilled to 0°C .
- the product was dried in a vacuum oven at ambient temperature . Yield was 90.8% of theory.
- the potency of the product by HPLC versus a reference standard was 100.0%.
- Example 10 Preparation of 4- (2-piperidinoethoxy) benzoic acid hydrochloride
- Example 8 The procedure of Example 8 except that 1.84g of deionized water (3% by weight of the potassium carbonate charged) was added immediately after the potassium carbonate charge. After the initial reaction period of 4.5 hours at 118°C - 125°C HPLC analysis indicated complete consumption of the methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate.
- Example 8 The procedure of Example 8 except that 9.8g of deionized water (16% by weight of the potassium carbonate charged) was added immediately after the potassium carbonate charge. After the initial reaction period of 4.5 hours at 118°C - 125°C HPLC analysis indicated complete consumption of the methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate. Yield was 91.9% of theory. The potency of the product by HPLC versus a reference standard was 98.5%.
- a 124g portion of the above intermediate was added in small portions to 930g of polyphosphoric acid at 85°C.
- the temperature rose to 95°C, during the addition, and the mixture was stirred at 90°C for 30 minutes after the addition was complete, and was then stirred an additional 45 minutes while it cooled without external heating.
- One liter of crushed ice was then added to the mixture, and the external ice bath was applied to control the temperature while the ice melted and diluted the acid. 500mL of additional water was added, and the light pink precipitate was filtered off and washed, first with water and then with methanol .
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU76998/00A AU7699800A (en) | 1999-09-27 | 2000-09-18 | Process for preparing benzoic acids |
EP00966691A EP1220847A2 (en) | 1999-09-27 | 2000-09-18 | Process for preparing benzoic acids |
JP2001526522A JP2003510313A (en) | 1999-09-27 | 2000-09-18 | Method for producing benzoic acid |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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US15620599P | 1999-09-27 | 1999-09-27 | |
US60/156,205 | 1999-09-27 |
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WO2001023369A2 true WO2001023369A2 (en) | 2001-04-05 |
WO2001023369A3 WO2001023369A3 (en) | 2001-11-22 |
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PCT/US2000/021974 WO2001023369A2 (en) | 1999-09-27 | 2000-09-18 | Process for preparing benzoic acids |
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EP (1) | EP1220847A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003510313A (en) |
AU (1) | AU7699800A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001023369A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7964734B2 (en) | 2002-09-30 | 2011-06-21 | A/S Gea Farmaceutisk Fabrik | Raloxifene acid addition salts and/or solvates thereof, improved method for purification of said raloxifene acid addition salts and/or solvates thereof and pharmaceutical compositions comprising these |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0699672A1 (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1996-03-06 | Eli Lilly And Company | Process for preparing benzoic acid derivative intermediates and benzothiophene pharmaceutical agents |
-
2000
- 2000-09-18 EP EP00966691A patent/EP1220847A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-09-18 JP JP2001526522A patent/JP2003510313A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-09-18 AU AU76998/00A patent/AU7699800A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-09-18 WO PCT/US2000/021974 patent/WO2001023369A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0699672A1 (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1996-03-06 | Eli Lilly And Company | Process for preparing benzoic acid derivative intermediates and benzothiophene pharmaceutical agents |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7964734B2 (en) | 2002-09-30 | 2011-06-21 | A/S Gea Farmaceutisk Fabrik | Raloxifene acid addition salts and/or solvates thereof, improved method for purification of said raloxifene acid addition salts and/or solvates thereof and pharmaceutical compositions comprising these |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2001023369A3 (en) | 2001-11-22 |
AU7699800A (en) | 2001-04-30 |
JP2003510313A (en) | 2003-03-18 |
EP1220847A2 (en) | 2002-07-10 |
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