WO2001031255A1 - Lens system for enhancing led light output - Google Patents
Lens system for enhancing led light output Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001031255A1 WO2001031255A1 PCT/US2000/029403 US0029403W WO0131255A1 WO 2001031255 A1 WO2001031255 A1 WO 2001031255A1 US 0029403 W US0029403 W US 0029403W WO 0131255 A1 WO0131255 A1 WO 0131255A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- lens
- bore
- light
- assembly
- recited
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V3/00—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S6/00—Lighting devices intended to be free-standing
- F21S6/001—Lighting devices intended to be free-standing being candle-shaped
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
- F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- F21W2121/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems for decorative purposes, not provided for in codes F21W2102/00 – F21W2107/00
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
- F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S362/00—Illumination
- Y10S362/806—Ornamental or decorative
- Y10S362/81—Imitation candle
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to lighting devices. More particularly, the present invention relates to lenses for lights.
- LEDs Light emitting diodes
- LEDs consume considerably less power than incandescent light bulbs, making their use highly desirable.
- lenses are placed in front of them, which focuses the light into a beam that is essentially perpendicular to the LED junction base.
- light dispersion from the LED is decreased, which limits the use of LEDs to specialized illumination applications.
- LEDs are readily available in the market place.
- Three of the "standard" LEDs are a basic LED, a bright LED and an ultra bright LED.
- the basic LED has an output level between 1.5 to 10 mcd and a viewing angle from 75 to 100 degrees.
- the bright LED has an output level between 10 to 50 mcd and a viewing angle from 50 to 75 degrees.
- the ultra bright LED has an output level between 50 to 2,000 mcd and a viewing angle from 18 to 60 degrees. All of these LEDs are useful for a focused light beam application that ranges from situations where there is no ambient light situations to those in daylight. Recent developments in LED technology have resulted in the availability of "super high intensity” LEDs. Super high intensity LEDs are commonly used in cluster applications to replace standard "spot" lamp applications and traffic warning devices.
- the output level is between 6,000 to 20,000 mcd and the viewing angle is a very narrow 4 to 8 degrees. Yet, use of this powerful LED is still limited to focused light applications due to its narrow viewing angle design. A significant problem occurs when a LED is used and the viewer is outside the narrow range of its beam of light Intensity drops off precipitously.
- U.S. Patent Number 4,965,488 by Hili describes a light-source multiplication device having a planer lens with multiple facets. An LED emits light toward the planer lens. Surrounding the LED is a reflector to reflect any laterally emitted light from the LED toward the planer lens. Light beams transmitted by the planer lens are parallel to one another. An LED lamp including a refractive lens element is described in U.S. Patent
- the lamp includes one or more LEDs that illuminate the refractive lens element, which has hyperboloids and facets, to give the effect of its being fully illuminated. However, the lighting effect from the lens remains in a narrow viewing angle and in front of the LED. Once the viewer out of the viewing angle, the effect will not readily be apparent.
- an Illuminative Sucker & Decorative String thereof comprises a sucker having a sucker cup portion and a back portion formed on a back portion of the sucker cup portion, a lamp socket secured to the back portion of the sucker and a lamp inserted in the lamp socket. Both the lamp socket and the sucker may be made of translucent or transparent materials.
- the sucker cup portion has a cavity formed in the cup portion to enable it to be adhered to a flat surface. Once the lamp is lit, the lamp projects light beams toward the back portion of the sucker, especially when the lamp is an LED, causing the back portion to glow unidirectionally.
- the lamp socket is not a lens that refracts or diffuses light, but is provided to contain the lamp and permit the lamp to emit a unidirectional light beam toward the pack portion of the sucker. This is further demonstrated by the shade fitted to the sucker so that light emitted from an incandescent bulb is totally projected onto the back portion.
- Lemelson in U.S. Patent Number 2,949,531, describes an Illuminated Highway Marker.
- the marker comprises a base having a rigid housing secured thereto and an electric lamp disposed within the housing.
- Surrounding the housing is a cover of a transparent plastic which is flexible but thick enough to protect the rigid housing from impact.
- the housing is rounded to one hundred eight degrees of the body diameter to form a convex apex, the apex is not hyperbolically-shaped. As a result, light emitted from an LED striking the apex would not refract and diffuse to illuminate the total outside surface of the housing.
- the cover has the same shape as the housing and is not capable of defocusing and omnidirectionally distributing the light emitted from an LED.
- the present invention is a light assembly that includes a carrier, a light source carried by the carrier, and a lens system.
- the lens system further comprises a first lens to refract and diffuse light emitted from the light source and a second lens to defocus and further distribute the light transmitted by the first lens.
- the light source is preferably a super high intensity LED, which is inserted into a bore formed in the first lens. Light from the LED is refracted by the first lens and diffused by its frosted outer surface.
- the first lens is itself inserted into a bore formed in the second lens. Light from the first lens is further defocused and diffused by a series of linear lens sections located on the outer surface of the second lens.
- the ability to evenly distribute light over the surface of a single LED is a major advantage of the present invention.
- two lenses work in conjunction with each other to refract, diffuse and distribute light from the source.
- Another important advantage of the present invention is the ability of the outer lens to take on an ornamental shape. This advantage allows the present lens assembly to be used in various novelty items, such as candles and jack-o-lanterns. In addition to taking on ornamental shapes, the lens assembly can carry a fluorescent material so that the lens assembly radiates absorbed light.
- Figure 1 is an elevation view of a light assembly made in accordance with the present invention
- Figure 2 is an exploded, elevation view of the lens assembly and light source
- Figure 3 is an exploded, sectional view of the lens assembly taken along Line 3-3 of Figure 2;
- Figure 4 is a sectional view of the first lens taken along Line 3-3 of Figure 2 showing the refraction of light within the first lens;
- Figure 5 is a sectional view of the first lens taken along Line 3-3 of Figure 2 showing the refraction of light emitting from an apex; and Figure 6 is an elevation view of the lens assembly and light source showing the diffusion of light by the present invention.
- FIG. 1 of the drawings illustrates a partial elevational view of an LED light assembly, generally illustrated by reference numeral 10.
- a carrier 20 provides a platform for removably supporting a lens assembly 25 and a light source 30.
- a suitable light source 30 can be any light generating means, including an incandescent bulb, but is preferably a light emitting diode (LED).
- LED light emitting diode
- a super high intensity LED is most preferred because of its extreme light brightness and the color or wavelength band it emits. Part of this band and light output level is irritating to the eyes and draws attention to the light source.
- carrier 20 provides support for a diffusing and refracting internal first lens 40 and a complex, external second lens 70, that, together with light source 30 and carrier 20, comprise light assembly 10.
- first lens 40 is used to soften and better colorize the output of light source 30.
- First lens 40 refracts light for the better distribution.
- First lens 40 is an elongated cylindrically-shaped member made of a highly dense, light transmissive material, such as glass or transparent-plastic, preferably, acrylic. Because first lens 40 interacts directly with light source 30, it is important for the light transmissive material of first lens 40 to have the property of low light absorptivity. This property enables first lens 40 to transmit nearly all the light emitted from light source 30 even when the light is refracted repeatedly within it.
- first lens 40 has a cylindrical body 42, a first end 44 and a second end 46. Since body 42 is cylindrically-shaped, the longitudinal axis of first lens 40 runs between first and second ends 44 and 46. At first end 44 is a first bore 48 which extends into cylindrical body 42 and is centrally disposed within body 42 along its longitudinal axis. First bore 48 has a diameter and length sufficient to receive light source 30 within first bore 48. Preferably, first bore 48 is dimensioned and shaped to receive light source 30 with little clearance. Within first bore 48 are a first bore wall 50 and a first bore end 52. First bore end 52 defines a hemispherically-shaped, first concave surface 54. First bore wall 50 has a first bore inner surface 56.
- First concave and bore inner surfaces 54 and 56 may be lusterless or "frosted” so as to better diffuse the light entering body 42.
- first concave and bore inner surfaces 54 and 56 are smooth.
- first lens 40 has a generally-hyperbolic shape except for an outwardly pointed apex 58.
- First lens 40 has a first outer surface 60 and a first lens inner surface 62, both of which extend from first end 44 to second end 46, and first outer surface 60 is frosted or distressed, or a combination of both. Distressing first outer surface 60 increases the external surface area of first lens 40.
- first lens 40 is generally hyperbolically-shaped to effect distribution of the narrow band of light that emanates from the light source 30. To provide proper distribution of light, the light needs a reflective surface that is hyperbolic in shape to cause the refraction of light over as much of first outer surface 60 as reasonably possible.
- second end 46 of first lens 40 is hyperbolic in shape, and this hyperbolic shape is important to the distribution of the narrow band of light that emanates from LED disposed within first bore 48 of first lens 40.
- first lens inner surface 62 at the second end 46 of first lens 40 appears to be a mirrored surfaced from inside first bore 48, thus refracting the very narrow, emitted light beam A into a widely and evenly distributed light beam A that strikes all of first lens inner surface 62 of first lens 40.
- Frosted first outer surface 60 diffuses this captured light while softening the harshness of the original light and causing first lens 40 to appear to glow from all viewing angles not blocked by carrier 20. Distressing first outer surface 60 increases the overall surface area of first lens 40 which, in turn, increases the light distribution and further lowers the sharp intensity of the light output of light source 30.
- first lens 40 Once the light has been softened and widely distributed by first lens 40, its focus is de-emphasized by second lens 70 to further soften it and to enhance the distribution of the light by passing it through a special complex lens group that is shaped for a specific purpose, and for aesthetics dictated by the target design.
- second lens 70 has a generally convex- shaped, cylindrical body 72 made of a solid, high-density, light transmissive material. Although not required, the light transmissive material used for second lens 70 is preferably the same as the material used for first lens 40. Second lens 70 has a first end 74, a second end 76 and a second outer surface 78. Disposed between the first and second ends 74 and 76 of second lens 70 is convex-shaped cylindrical body 72 with a second lens longitudinal axis co-axial with the longitudinal axis of first lens 40. At the first end 74 is a second bore 80 which extends into body 72 and is centrally disposed along the second lens longitudinal axis thereof.
- Second bore 80 has a diameter and length sufficient to receive first lens 40 therein.
- second bore 80 receives first lens 40 and has a compatible shape to that of first lens 40 so that second bore 80 matingly and removably receives the first lens 40 with little radial clearance.
- second bore 80 can have a length along the second lens longitudinal axis that is sufficient to allow movement of the lens 70 for variable focus.
- the preferred embodiment of the convex shaped, cylindrical body 72 shown in the drawings is in the form of an ornamental candle flame. Cylindrical body may be formed in other ornamental shapes, such as a jack-o-lantern.
- second lens 70 protruding from the second outer surface 78 are a plurality of convex, roughly parallel lens sections 82 of predetermined depth and width extending from first end 74 to second end 76 of convex-shaped cylindrical body 72.
- Concentric lens sections 82 are formed on curved second outer surface 78.
- the shape of second lens 70 as illustrated is design specific, its shape remains consistent with the functional goals of light system 10. Even though second lens 70 is not limited to a specific number of concentric lens sections 82, the preferred embodiment has at least 20 concentric lens sections 82 which are spaced-apart from each other but equidistantly spaced. Between each of the concentric lens sections 82 is a face 84 which is flat.
- concentric lens sections 82 have a focal length such that frosted first outer surface 60 of first lens 40 is significantly magnified, and unfocused. This combination softens the light from light source 60, and allows for maximum light dispersion and an even distribution of the light, while producing a "halo" or glowing effect on second outer surface 78 of second lens 70.
- Each concentric lens section 82 on second outer surface 78 of second lens 70 distributes the light.
- the internal shape of second lens 70 refracts some of the light passing through it back inside second lens 70 where it strikes first outer surface 60 of first lens 40, further causing more even light distribution on first outer surface 60.
- second bore 80 has a second bore wall 86 and a second bore end 88. Comparable to first lens 40, second bore end 88 is rounded to form a hyperbolically-shaped, second concave surface 90. Within second bore 80, second bore wall 86 has a second inner surface 92, and second inner and concave surfaces 92 and 90 are preferably smooth. On the other hand, by using frosted second inner and concave surfaces 92 and 90, the diffraction effect is greater.
- a mounting rim 94 is provided at the first end 74 of the second lens 70. Mounting rim 94 removably engages carrier 20.
- the focus stems from a relationship between the distance between first and second lenses 40 and 70 and the LED light aperture. This relationship will also vary depending on the use and shape of second lens 70.
- the hyperbolically-shaped second end 46 of first lens 40 reshapes the light beam B at that area into an inverted cone, as shown in Figure 5.
- apex 58 of first lens 40 is pulled away from second bore end 88 of second lens 70, the wider the light beam B emanating from second end 46 of first lens 40 becomes.
- Lenses 40 and 70 may be coated or formed from a fluorescent material to appear to glow after exposure from light source 30.
- lenses 40 and 70 have fluorescent material applied in one of three locations: coating first outer surface 60 of first lens 40, coating second inner surface 92 of second lens 70, and injecting a phosphoric dye into the material from which first lens is formed.
- second lens 70 slidably receives first lens 40 at second bore 80 which, in turn, receives light source 30 in first bore 48.
- Lens assembly 25 and light source 30 are fitted to carrier 20.
- First lens 40 is fully inserted into second bore 80 such that first end 44 of first lens 40 is adjacent to first end 74 of second lens 70.
- second lens 70 further defocuses the light emitting from first lens 40 and enhances light distribution by magnification through concentric lens sections 82.
- the light is further distributed by refraction within second bore 80 as in first lens 40 and first bore 48.
- the combination of first lens 40 and second lens 70 softens the light from light source 30, and allows for maximum light dispersion and even distribution of the light, while producing a "halo" effect on the second outer surface 78 of second lens 70.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU14386/01A AU1438601A (en) | 1999-10-25 | 2000-10-25 | Lens system for enhancing led light output |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/426,310 | 1999-10-25 | ||
US09/426,310 US6361192B1 (en) | 1999-10-25 | 1999-10-25 | Lens system for enhancing LED light output |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001031255A1 true WO2001031255A1 (en) | 2001-05-03 |
Family
ID=23690268
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2000/029403 WO2001031255A1 (en) | 1999-10-25 | 2000-10-25 | Lens system for enhancing led light output |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6361192B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU1438601A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001031255A1 (en) |
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US6361192B1 (en) | 2002-03-26 |
AU1438601A (en) | 2001-05-08 |
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